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Depending on the species, the peridium may vary from being paper-thin to thick and rubbery or even hard. Typically, peridia consist of one to three layers. If there is only a single layer, it is called a peridium. If two layers are present, the outer layer is called the exoperidium and the inner
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fungi generally have only one peridium, which is 3–9 cm across. This lone peridium is generally rigid and rindlike; it is white when sectioned but pink if fresh. The surface varies from yellow brown to dingy yellow, and is arranged into scales.
107:", the peridium is usually differentiated into two or more layers, where the outer layer is usually resolved into warts or spines. In contrast, the inner layer remains continuous and smooth to preserve the
117:, the number of layers is greater, and the exoperidium eventually splits from the apexes into a variable number of pointed portions. However, the inner layer remains intact by a definite
239:; By Vera B. McKnight, Roger Tory Peterson, National Audubon Society, National Wildlife Federation; page 362; Illustrated by Vera B. McKnight; Published by HMCo Field Guides, 1998;
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For most fungi, the peridium is ornamented with scales or spines. In species that become raised above ground during their development, generally known as the "
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In the simplest subterranean forms, the peridium remains closed until the spores are mature, and even then shows no special arrangement for
227:; By George Massee; Published by George Bell and Sons, 1892; Item notes: v.1; Original from Harvard University; Digitized Jun 1, 2007
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layer the endoperidium. If three layers are present, they are the exoperidium, the mesoperidium and the endoperidium.
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Botany
Illustrated: Introduction to Plants, Major Groups, Flowering Plant Families
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Blackwell, Meredith; Alexopoulos, Constantine John; Mims, Charles W. (1996).
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The peridium is often given a specific name in particular species of
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Mushrooms
Demystified: A Comprehensive Guide to the Fleshy Fungi
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British Fungus – Flora: A Classified
Textbook of Mycology
154:. The peridium can also refer to the outer "nest" of a
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Protective layer enclosing a mass of spores in fungi
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34:The outer layer of this bird's nest fungus (
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191:. New York: Wiley. p. 544.
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322:Fungal morphology and anatomy
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264:The Genera of Fungi
156:bird's-nest fungus
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79:Description
18:Exoperidium
162:References
125:Earthballs
89:dehiscence
48:myxomycete
131:earthball
105:puffballs
99:Puffballs
316:Category
119:aperture
61:peridium
148:Amanita
114:Geaster
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109:spores
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152:volva
144:fungi
138:Usage
69:fungi
300:ISBN
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59:The
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