346:
49:
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large number of wild mares from several regions have contributed to modern domestic breeds. Genetical the exmoor pony fits neatly in the
Northwestern European cluster Some mtDNA-haplotypes have been found in DNA samples obtained from wild horses in prehistoric deposits, while other mtDNA-haplotypes have only been found in domesticated horses, from both living individuals and archeological finds. The Exmoor pony has a high frequency of pre-domestication mtDNA-haplotypes; these are also found in some other breeds all around the world. Currently, for the
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conform to the carefully defined breed standard. In Herd 23 there are also chestnut pangaré and true dun individuals known, though the chestnut individuals are at this point not accepted in the registry. Exmoor pony registrations (as well as any ponies from Exmoor) were recorded in the Polo & Riding Pony Stud Books (the
National Pony Society Stud Books from 1913). The Exmoor Pony Society published its first stud book exclusively for registered Exmoor ponies in 1963.
268:, while others were sold to local farmers. Records show that Acland then adopted two breeding strategies, a closed, purebred herd on Ashway Side and some separate crossing experiments on Winsford Hill. In contrast, John Knight, starting in 1826, crossed all the ponies he had purchased with Arabians, Thoroughbreds, and other breeds to increase their size. Significantly, today’s registered Exmoor pony population is descended from the Acland herd.
40:
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233:
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560:. In 2003 Stowbrook Jenny Wren was the first Exmoor to win the NPS Bailey's Horse Feeds Ridden Mountain & Moorland Championship at the Olympia Christmas Show; Exmoor ponies won both divisions at the International Horse Agility Championships in 2011, and took a third title at the 2012 Championships. The breed's hardiness, dentition and varied diet makes it suitable for
283:, worked to restore the herds. In the 1950s, Exmoors were first exported to Canada and continental Europe, where small populations are still maintained. Since the mid-1980s, small free-living herds of Exmoor ponies have been established in various areas of the UK: these herds are used to manage vegetation on nature reserves belonging to organisations such as the
257:
type of Exmoor pony was not limited to bay, brown and dun with mealy, and that other coat colours were deliberately bred out to create a specific look that fitted a romantic driven native breed narrative; others consider that because only the Warden could run stallions, cross-bred mares of different colours could co-exist with the indigenous type.
208:. After the war a small group of breeders worked to preserve the remaining stock; during the 1950s small numbers were exported, to continental Europe and to Canada. In 1981 the vulnerability of the breeding population received publicity, and numbers recovered somewhat. In the twenty-first century it is a gravely
357:
Some claim that the Exmoor pony descends directly from the wild horses of north-west Europe, uninfluenced by domestic horses. Others consider that Exmoor ponies have a fully domesticated origin. Modern DNA research has not yet conclusively determined the breed’s origins: studies indicate they share
251:
is included as, being owned by the King, they were not to be taxed. Over the centuries, a series of
Wardens managed the Royal Forest, charging fees for the grazing of livestock including ponies. The change of Warden was often accompanied by the sale of ponies they personally owned, as for example in
495:
level. The legs are short, with good bone and hard hooves. Although many sources state that the Exmoor has a distinctly different jaw structure from other horse breeds, which includes the beginnings of development of a seventh molar, this is a misunderstanding based on an incorrect translation of a
411:
extensively in southwest
England as early as 400 BC. Recent research has indicated that there was significant Roman involvement in mining on Exmoor. Metals including iron, tin, and copper were transported to Hengistbury Head in neighbouring Dorset for export, and Roman carvings, showing British and
373:
Wild horses have lived in
Britain for hundreds of thousands of years. Some remains found date as early as 700,000 BC, while others are as recent as 3,500 BC. No genetic studies to date have correlated these prehistoric remains to any modern breed. What has been studied are Y-chromosomes (Y-DNA) and
326:
watchlist includes the Exmoor breed in its most threatened category, "Priority", based upon the number of breeding animals and the level of in-breeding. Whilst worldwide the total population numbers around 4,000 (the vast majority within the UK), Exmoor Pony
Society estimates the number of breeding
298:
In 2000, the
Moorland Mousie Trust, a British organisation, was established to assist in the preservation of the Exmoor pony. With very limited demand for Exmoor colts, the organisation works to raise funds for the gelding, handling and training of these ponies. In 2006, the Trust opened the Exmoor
256:
was grazing ponies on the Forest. Sales records from 1805 and 1809 list the colours black, grey, bay, dun, "chestnut", and piebald for ponies and 19th century drawings show a variety of white markings in the breed. Studies disagree as to the significance of this: some argue it shows that the native
378:
found in China, suggesting that a very limited number of stallions contributed to the original genome of the domestic horse. The Exmoor pony shares this general Y-chromosome haplotype. Mitochondrial DNA is passed on though the female line, and shows far more variation than Y-DNA, indicating that a
536:
Prior to the arrival of agricultural mechanisation, Exmoor ponies removed from the moorland herds, tamed and trained, were used primarily in hill farming. Tasks undertaken were ploughing/harrowing, shepherding and transport of feed. They were both ridden and driven, providing transport for Exmoor
271:
From the late nineteenth century, Exmoors were selectively bred for the characteristic mealy muzzle. In 1921, the fledgling Exmoor Pony
Society’s rules accepted grey and black ponies in addition to bay, brown and dun, though the colour standards were soon tightened to exclude animals that did not
503:
The head is somewhat large in proportion to the body, with small ears, and has a special adaptation called a "toad eye" (raised flesh above and below the eyes) which helps to deflect water and provide extra insulation. As with most cold-weather adapted pony breeds, the Exmoor grows a winter coat
310:
for individual identification. Then, with microchipping offering a viable alternative, in-ground (not moorland herds) breeders ceased to brand. A few years later, hot branding became illegal throughout
Britain for all except semi-feral ponies, for which there is no other workable alternative.
399:
have an extremely close resemblance; these breeds were consistently grouped together in the results from several analyses, with the Exmoor showing the closest relationship to the Tarpan of all the breeds studied, at 0.27; the next-closest breeds to the Tarpan were the
Pottock and
386:
Although wild horses were abundant after the last ice age, the lack of sufficient pre-domestication DNA samples makes it impossible to determine the contribution of the wild horses of the British Islands to modern breeds, including the Exmoor pony. A 1995 study of
275:
The Second World War led to a sharp decrease in the breed population. This was largely due to ponies being stolen for the wartime horse-meat market; a small number of ponies were supposedly also used for target practice by soldiers, Exmoor being a training ground.
1690:
184:
in 1086. After centuries of being a “Royal Forest” (not an area of trees but a hunting ground), most of Exmoor was sold in 1818. Thirty ponies, identified as the original old type, were moved to neighbouring moorland; these were the
504:
consisting of a highly insulating woolly underlayer and a topcoat of longer, oily hairs that prevent the undercoat from becoming waterlogged by diverting water down the sides of the animal to fall from just a few drip areas. The
404:, both with a genetic distance from the Tarpan of 0.47. The distance between the Exmoor and Pottock was 0.37, and between the Exmoor and Merens was 0.40; a significantly wider gap than the distance between the Exmoor and Tarpan.
2321:
284:
345:
1756:
1308:
McGahern, A. M.; Edwards, C. J.; Bower, M. A.; Heffernan, A.; Park, S. D. E.; et al. (2006). "Mitochondrial DNA sequence diversity in extant Irish horse populations and in ancient horses".
2037:
1698:
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has a fan of shorter, coarse hairs, called a "snow chute" that deflects rainwater away from the groin and underbelly areas to fall from the long hairs on the back of the hind legs.
1529:
374:
mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). The Y-chromosome is passed on through the male line, and worldwide shows very little genetic variation in horses, except for a second Y-chromosome
662:
2030:
544:
Since these past roles ceased, surplus moorland-bred foals and ponies bred in-ground (on farms, studs etc.) are used for a variety of leisure activities including
1262:
Vilà , Carles; Leonard, Jennifer A.; Götherström, Anders; Marklund, Stefan; Sandberg, Kaj; et al. (2001). "Widespread origins of domestic horse lineages".
878:
491:
With a stocky, powerful build, the Exmoor pony is strong for its height, and noted for its hardiness and endurance. The chest is deep and the back broad, the
2326:
2306:
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German study. The study refers to an extra branch of blood supply to the jaw and speculates that this might have been the early stages of evolving an extra
940:
2023:
1720:
638:
2046:
295:. Since the start of the 21st century Exmoor ponies have been in demand for "rewilding" projects both UK-based and in additional European countries.
407:
The first indication of domesticated horses in England comes from archaeological investigations showing that the ancient Britons were using wheeled
48:
1580:
575:
In January 2015, fourteen Exmoor ponies, from breeders within Exmoor National Park were exported to the Czech Republic's former military base of
1778:
Brown, Antony; Bennett, Jenny; Rhodes, Edward (April 2009). "Roman mining on Exmoor: a geomorphological approach at Anstey's Combe, Dulverton".
683:
1989:
1970:
1944:
1925:
1904:
1885:
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738:
253:
1379:
832:
650:
579:, to improve biodiversity by conservation grazing. According to the annual count of 2019, this population has increased to 111 ponies.
500:. However the feature is found in a number of horse breeds with sizable lower jaws, so its presence in the Exmoor pony is unremarkable.
653:. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed January 2023.
641:. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed January 2023.
157:
native to the British Isles, and so falls within the larger Celtic group of European ponies. It originates on, and is named for, the
1536:
626:
154:
173:, in south-west England, and is well adapted to the climate conditions and poor grazing of the moor. Some still live there in a
340:
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1748 at the end of the Hill and Darch wardenship. Whether some were sold to incoming Wardens is not recorded. In 1767 Warden
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810:
1475:
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476:(45 to 51 inches, 114 to 130 cm) (45 to 51 inches, 114 to 130 cm), with the recommended height limit for
367:
323:
221:
1915:
1067:
Lindgren, Gabriella; Backstrom, Niclas; Swinburne, June; Hellborg, Linda; Einarsson, Annika; et al. (1985).
945:
328:
1003:
Cieslak, Michael; Pruvost, Melanie; Benecke, Norbert; Hofreiter, Michael; Morales, Arturo; et al. (2010).
950:
1738:
1619:
Ebhardt, H (1962). "Ponies und Pferde im Rontgenbild nebst einigen stammesgeschichtlichen Bemerkungen dazu".
212:, with a total of 95 head reported in the United Kingdom for 2021, and an estimated population world-wide of
1795:
292:
2311:
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2271:
537:
inhabitants. Some were sold away from the moor to work in harness elsewhere, possibly a small number as
973:
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1016:
569:
561:
388:
146:
1800:
529:
424:
217:
1343:
Woodman, Peter; McCarthy, Margaret; Monaghan, Nigel (1997). "The Irish quaternary fauna project".
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1813:
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264:. Sir Thomas Acland, the outgoing warden, took thirty of "the old type" to Ashway Side close to
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639:
Breed data sheet: Exmoor Pony / United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (Horse)
481:
280:
201:
186:
456:("mealy") markings around the eyes, muzzle and underbelly. Pangaré markings occur in other
2331:
2316:
2261:
2185:
1138:
1123:
677:"The free-living ponies within the Exmoor National Park: their status, welfare and future"
565:
288:
1963:
Early man in Britain and Ireland: an introduction to Palaeolithic and Mesolithic cultures
1203:
Jansen, Thomas; Forster, Peter; Levine, Marsha A.; Oelke, Hardy; Hurles, Matthew (2002).
401:
331:
in North America considers the population of the Exmoor pony to be at "critical" levels.
1791:
1356:
1275:
1220:
1020:
2175:
2135:
1827:
1162:
Ling, Yinghui; Ma, Yuehui; Guan, Weijun; Cheng, Yuejiao; Wang, Y.; et al. (2010).
1039:
1004:
557:
469:
465:
350:
1398:
1364:
1239:
1204:
1164:"Identification of Y chromosome genetic variations in Chinese indigenous horse breeds"
914:
480:
being 12.2 hands (50 inches, 127 cm) (50 inches, 127 cms) and that for
362:
with various other horse breeds from across the world, and their paternally inherited
2295:
2251:
2190:
2170:
2145:
2102:
2087:
2082:
2067:
1817:
1321:
572:
and other natural pasture habitats, as well as to the conservation of Exmoor itself.
553:
513:
492:
452:. More rarely there exist dun exmoors which the registry allows. All Exmoors display
380:
244:
190:
181:
2015:
1102:
853:
615:
Valerie Porter, Lawrence Alderson, Stephen J.G. Hall, D. Phillip Sponenberg (2016).
39:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2165:
2150:
2107:
665:. Kenilworth, Warwickshire: Rare Breeds Survival Trust. Archived 28 September 2022.
549:
509:
505:
477:
432:
363:
248:
1637:
1283:
1131:
1029:
616:
2256:
2218:
2097:
2077:
1116:
524:
497:
473:
449:
441:
314:
2210:
2180:
2140:
2112:
603:. Kenilworth, Warwickshire: Rare Breeds Survival Trust. Accessed January 2023.
545:
453:
209:
174:
116:
1809:
17:
2160:
1180:
413:
375:
205:
194:
1329:
1291:
1248:
1229:
1189:
1094:
1048:
974:"On the origins of the Exmoor pony: did the wild horse survive in Britain?"
232:
1479:
748:
576:
538:
303:
170:
162:
2243:
2005:
488:
12.3 hands (51 inches, 130 cm). A few reach 13.2 hands
485:
408:
392:
75:
600:
391:, the outward appearance of organisms, indicated that the Exmoor, the
2195:
1005:"Origin and History of Mitochondrial DNA Lineages in Domestic Horses"
457:
396:
158:
1085:
1068:
2054:
898:
760:
758:
523:
472:. In height, the majority of Exmoors range from 11.1 to 12.3
431:
423:
344:
313:
231:
166:
128:
2122:
713:
Sir Thomas Acland – did he really conserve the true Exmoor pony?
150:
2019:
1878:
Storey's Illustrated Guide to 96 Horse Breeds of North America
260:
In 1818 the Royal Forest and some adjoining land was sold to
618:
Mason's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding
440:
The Exmoor pony coat colour is predominantly a variant of
224:
as "priority", the highest level of concern of the trust.
2322:
Conservation Priority Breeds of the Livestock Conservancy
1205:"Mitochondrial DNA and the origins of the domestic horse"
193:, the Exmoor Pony Society, was formed in 1921; the first
2010:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1577:"Rules of the Exmoor Pony Society — Breed Standard"
915:"Grazing Exmoor ponies to protect County Durham flowers"
881:. Grazing Animals Project. 18 April 2012. Archived from
1937:
Exmoor ponies:survival of the fittest:a natural history
899:"Wildlife Conservation of Local Downland and Heathland"
1757:"Wild horses and aurochs on pasture are now streaming"
1069:"Limited number of patrilines in horse domestication"
979:. Ecological Research Centre Faunaconsult, Tegelseweg
243:
Ponies were first recorded in the Exmoor area in the
779:
777:
775:
773:
416:
similar to the Exmoor, have been found in Somerset.
279:
After the war, a small group of breeders, including
2242:
2209:
2121:
2053:
1857:Dent, Anthony Austen; Hendricks, Bonnie L. (2007).
1380:"Analysis of genetic relationships in horse breeds"
833:"Persecuted Exmoor ponies trot back from the brink"
383:, few DNA archeological samples have been studied.
180:Written records of ponies on Exmoor start with the
111:
86:
81:
71:
63:
55:
1850:The Prehistoric Chamber Tombs of England and Wales
1826:
1438:
733:. Newton Abbot: David & Charles. p. 69.
1739:"Czechs import wild horses to save biodiversity"
1530:"A Biometric Study of Equids in the Roman World"
247:in 1086, but no count of the ponies roaming the
1579:. Exmoor Pony Society. May 2013. Archived from
1478:. Exmoor Ponies in Conservation. Archived from
873:
871:
564:, and it contributes to the management of many
200:The ponies came close to extinction during the
460:as well as horses, and are considered to be a
2031:
1895:Johns, Catherine; Potter, Timothy W. (2002).
764:
8:
1378:Jordana, J; Pares, P. M; Sanchez, A (1995).
901:. Sussex Pony Grazing and Conservation Trust
32:
1982:Late Stone Age hunters of the British Isles
1450:
1426:
1062:
1060:
1058:
448:, with some individuals lighter and termed
2038:
2024:
2016:
1859:International Encyclopedia of Horse Breeds
1560:
998:
996:
994:
177:state, but most are in private ownership.
47:
38:
31:
1799:
1238:
1228:
1179:
1084:
1038:
1028:
797:"Ancient Exmoor pony colouring in danger"
1303:
1301:
879:"Map of UK Conservation Grazing Schemes"
706:
704:
724:
722:
588:
1691:"Exmoor pony Bear is top of the world"
1632:
1630:
1606:
1149:
682:. Exmoor National Park. Archived from
611:
609:
596:
594:
592:
1571:
1569:
811:"Exmoor Ponies – a dying breed?"
783:
318:Exmoor ponies in their native habitat
7:
2011:Exmoor Ponies in Conservation (EPIC)
1662:Horse Breeding & Stud Management
1535:. University of York. Archived from
1462:
1387:Journal of Equine Veterinary Science
621:(sixth edition). Wallingford: CABI.
464:. In order to be registered in the
2327:Animal breeds on the RBST Watchlist
2307:Horse breeds originating in England
1640:. International Museum of the Horse
366:is identical to that of most other
1721:"Bear's on top of the world again"
25:
2047:Horse breeds of the British Isles
1920:(2nd ed.). Wiley-Blackwell.
155:mountain and moorland pony breeds
153:or small horse. It is one of the
1914:Sponenberg, Dan Phillip (2003).
1861:. University of Oklahoma Press.
1697:. 6 January 2012. Archived from
1439:Brown, Bennett & Rhodes 2009
1322:10.1111/j.1365-2052.2006.01506.x
731:The reclamation of Exmoor Forest
651:Transboundary breed: Exmoor Pony
412:Roman chariots pulled by ponies
1621:Saugetierkundliche Mitteilungen
1130:(86). Retrieved 22 March 2011.
341:History of the horse in Britain
1623:. BLV Verlagsgesellschaft mbH.
1:
1852:. Cambridge University Press.
1399:10.1016/S0737-0806(06)81738-7
1365:10.1016/S0277-3791(96)00037-6
1117:"Exotic world before Suffolk"
972:Hovens, Hans; Rijkers, Toon.
389:morphological characteristics
1284:10.1126/science.291.5503.474
1030:10.1371/journal.pone.0015311
941:"Conservation Priority List"
512:are thick and long, and the
327:animals is only around 600.
204:, when some were stolen for
189:of the present-day breed. A
102:to 127 cm (12.2 h)
95:to 130 cm (12.3 h)
1980:Smith, Christopher (1992).
1215:(16). et al.: 10905–10910.
856:. Oklahoma State University
358:their maternally inherited
335:Prehistoric origin theories
2348:
1345:Quaternary Science Reviews
468:Exmoor ponies cannot have
338:
324:Rare Breeds Survival Trust
306:registered Exmoor was hot
222:Rare Breeds Survival Trust
2280:
1780:Environmental Archaeology
1503:"The British War-Chariot"
946:The Livestock Conservancy
765:Dent & Hendricks 2007
329:The Livestock Conservancy
197:was published in 1963.
122:
46:
37:
1899:. British Museum Press.
1810:10.1179/174963109X400673
1725:West Somerset Free Press
1695:West Somerset Free Press
1659:Wynmalen, Henry (1971).
299:Pony Centre, on Exmoor.
1961:Morrison, Alex (1980).
1876:Dutson, Judith (2005).
1665:. J. A. Allen. p.
1528:Johnstone, Cluny Jane.
1509:. University of Chicago
1451:Johns & Potter 2002
1427:Johns & Potter 2002
1848:Daniel, Glynn (1950).
1230:10.1073/pnas.152330099
715:. Exmoor Pony Society.
533:
437:
429:
395:, and the now-extinct
354:
319:
293:County Wildlife Trusts
249:Royal Forest of Exmoor
240:
27:British breed of horse
2272:Yorkshire Coach Horse
1917:Equine color genetics
1880:. Storey Publishing.
1829:Horse and pony breeds
1825:Budd, Jackie (1998).
1181:10.1093/jhered/esq047
1015:(12:e15311): e15311.
729:Orwin, C. S. (1970).
527:
435:
427:
409:horse-drawn transport
348:
317:
235:
2283:List of horse breeds
2131:British Spotted Pony
1939:. Tiverton: Exmoor.
1137:19 July 2012 at the
1122:19 July 2012 at the
562:conservation grazing
550:long-distance riding
129:Equus ferus caballus
2006:Exmoor Pony Society
1935:Baker, Sue (2008).
1792:2009EnvAr..14...50B
1507:Encyclopedia Romana
1357:1997QSRv...16..129W
1276:2001Sci...291..474V
1221:2002PNAS...9910905J
1168:Journal of Heredity
1128:British Archaeology
1115:Stuart, Tony (2006)
1021:2010PLoSO...515311C
799:. 23 November 2016.
767:, pp. 180–181.
711:Baker, Sue (2017).
530:Royal Highland Show
368:domesticated horses
218:conservation status
76:Exmoor Pony Society
56:Conservation status
34:
1833:. Gareth Stevens.
534:
528:A stallion at the
438:
430:
355:
322:Currently, the UK
320:
302:Until 2009, every
241:
59:priority, critical
2289:
2288:
2267:Old English Black
2093:Irish Sport Horse
2063:British Warmblood
1991:978-0-415-07202-1
1972:978-0-85664-084-1
1946:978-0-86183-443-3
1927:978-0-8138-0759-1
1906:978-0-7141-2774-3
1887:978-1-58017-613-2
1868:978-0-8061-3884-8
1840:978-0-8368-2046-1
1727:. 3 January 2013.
1676:978-0-85131-139-5
1542:on 5 October 2012
1482:on 1 October 2011
1441:, pp. 50–61.
953:on 15 August 2024
740:978-0-7153-4959-5
689:on 2 January 2023
663:Watchlist 2022–23
360:mitochondrial DNA
254:Sir Thomas Acland
220:is listed by the
165:in north-eastern
139:
138:
64:Country of origin
16:(Redirected from
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1583:on 19 April 2014
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1401:. Archived from
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1270:(5503): 474–77.
1264:Science Magazine
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949:. Archived from
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885:on 14 March 2014
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514:dock of the tail
349:Bampton Fair in
281:Mary Etherington
215:
210:endangered breed
202:Second World War
187:foundation stock
131:
51:
42:
35:
21:
2347:
2346:
2342:
2341:
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2338:
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2262:Norfolk Trotter
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2205:
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2044:
2002:
1992:
1979:
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1955:Further reading
1947:
1934:
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1701:on 7 March 2016
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1561:Sponenberg 2003
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1408:on 3 March 2016
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1310:Animal Genetics
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1124:Wayback Machine
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1073:Nature Genetics
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570:chalk grassland
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462:primitive trait
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420:Characteristics
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289:Natural England
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2000:External links
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1965:. Croom Helm.
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1501:Grout, James.
1493:
1467:
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1393:(7): 320–328.
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1316:(5): 498–502.
1297:
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1152:, p. 173.
1142:
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1086:10.1038/ng1326
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921:. 8 March 2011
867:
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813:. BBC Somerset
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470:white markings
421:
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414:phenotypically
353:, October 1943
351:Bampton, Devon
336:
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285:National Trust
229:
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18:Exmoor (pony)
2312:Feral horses
2302:Horse breeds
2234:Windsor Grey
2155:
2108:Thoroughbred
1981:
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1581:the original
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1537:the original
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883:the original
858:. Retrieved
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684:the original
670:
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169:and western
142:
140:
126:
29:
2257:Irish Hobby
1743:cbsnews.com
1705:24 February
1607:Dutson 2005
1150:Daniel 1950
693:13 November
601:Exmoor Pony
262:John Knight
236:Group near
143:Exmoor Pony
115:brown with
33:Exmoor Pony
2296:Categories
2186:New Forest
2073:Clydesdale
860:2 December
817:3 December
784:Baker 2008
583:References
539:pit ponies
436:Thick mane
339:See also:
175:near-feral
2176:Kerry Bog
2136:Connemara
2113:Welsh Cob
2078:Gypsy Cob
1818:131103246
1796:CiteSeerX
1786:(1): 50.
1463:Budd 1998
983:5 January
957:19 August
838:9 October
566:heathland
482:stallions
466:stud book
444:, called
376:haplotype
195:stud-book
2191:Shetland
2171:Highland
2146:Dartmoor
1761:idnes.cz
1644:15 April
1587:18 April
1546:17 April
1486:17 April
1412:23 April
1330:16978181
1292:11161199
1249:12130666
1190:20497969
1135:Archived
1120:Archived
1103:38310144
1095:15034578
1049:21187961
1009:PLOS ONE
919:BBC News
577:Milovice
486:geldings
442:dark bay
304:purebred
238:Winsford
171:Somerset
163:moorland
161:area of
100:Female:
72:Standard
2244:Extinct
2166:Hackney
2151:Eriskay
2083:Hackney
1788:Bibcode
1772:Sources
1353:Bibcode
1272:Bibcode
1217:Bibcode
1040:3004868
1017:Bibcode
558:agility
554:driving
546:showing
532:in 2018
458:equines
454:pangaré
446:"brown"
393:Pottock
308:branded
228:History
2332:Ponies
2317:Exmoor
2229:Hunter
2196:Welara
2156:Exmoor
2123:Ponies
2055:Horses
1988:
1969:
1943:
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925:15 May
905:15 May
889:15 May
749:130702
747:
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556:, and
402:Merens
397:Tarpan
291:, and
216:. Its
159:Exmoor
112:Colour
93:Male:
87:Height
82:Traits
2211:Types
2201:Welsh
2181:Lundy
2141:Dales
2098:Shire
1814:S2CID
1540:(PDF)
1533:(PDF)
1406:(PDF)
1383:(PDF)
1099:S2CID
977:(PDF)
687:(PDF)
680:(PDF)
498:molar
493:croup
478:mares
474:hands
450:"bay"
167:Devon
147:breed
2224:Hack
2161:Fell
1986:ISBN
1967:ISBN
1941:ISBN
1922:ISBN
1901:ISBN
1882:ISBN
1863:ISBN
1835:ISBN
1707:2016
1671:ISBN
1646:2014
1589:2014
1548:2011
1515:2015
1488:2011
1414:2012
1326:PMID
1288:PMID
1245:PMID
1209:PNAS
1186:PMID
1091:PMID
1045:PMID
985:2016
959:2024
927:2012
907:2012
891:2012
862:2010
840:2018
819:2007
745:OCLC
735:ISBN
695:2020
623:ISBN
510:tail
508:and
506:mane
484:and
206:food
151:pony
141:The
2219:Cob
1806:doi
1395:doi
1361:doi
1318:doi
1280:doi
1268:291
1235:PMC
1225:doi
1176:doi
1172:101
1081:doi
1035:PMC
1025:doi
541:.
520:Use
214:330
149:of
2298::
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1782:.
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1007:.
993:^
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912:•
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287:,
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1994:.
1975:.
1949:.
1930:.
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20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
