261:
48:
327:
129:
406:
36:
205:
535:
449:
401:
by inexperienced individuals, or only ridden by beginners, can turn out to be spoiled because their riders typically lack the experience base to correct bad habits. Properly trained ponies are appropriate mounts for children who are learning to ride. Larger ponies can be ridden by adults, as ponies
365:
are recognized for their ability to carry a full-sized adult rider. Pound for pound ponies can pull and carry more weight than a horse. Draft-type ponies are able to pull loads significantly greater than their own weight, with larger ponies capable of pulling loads comparable to those pulled by
483:
Many horse breeds have some pony characteristics, such as small size, a heavy coat, a thick mane or heavy bone, but are considered to be horses. In cases such as these, there can be considerable debate over whether to call certain breeds "horses" or "ponies." However, individual
225:(which is passed on though the female line) indicate that a large number of wild mares have contributed to modern domestic breeds; in contrast, studies of y-DNA (passed down the male line) suggest that there was possibly just one single male ancestor of all domesticated breeds.
425:(50 inches, 127 cm) and under, medium ponies are over 12.2 but no taller than 13.2 hands (54 inches, 137 cm), and large ponies are over 13.2 hands (54 inches, 137 cm) but no taller than 14.2 hands (58 inches, 147 cm).
562:
they used in the 19th century were close to or over 14.2 hands (58 inches, 147 cm), and most horses owned and bred by Native peoples today are of full horse height. Non-racing horses at racetracks that are used to lead the racehorses,
244:
that could fulfill specific local draft and transportation needs while surviving in harsh environments. The usefulness of the pony was noted by farmers who observed that a pony could outperform a draft horse on small farms.
396:
Ponies are generally considered intelligent and friendly, though sometimes they also are described as stubborn or cunning. The differences of opinion often result from an individual pony's degree of proper training. Ponies
342:, a stocky body, dense bone, round shape and well-sprung ribs. They have a short head, large eyes and small ears. In addition to being smaller than a horse, their legs are proportionately shorter. They have strong
577:
defines "pony" to be any mount that is ridden by a member regardless of its breed or size. Persons up to 25 years old are eligible for membership, and some of the members' "ponies" actually are full-size horses.
216:
adapted to a harsh natural environment, and were considered part of the "draft" subtype typical of
Northern Europe. At one time, it was hypothesized that they may have descended from a wild "draft" subspecies of
187:
can be used in general (or affectionately) for any small horse, regardless of its actual size or breed. Furthermore, some horse breeds may have individuals who mature under that height but are still called
1046:
108:) to nearly 150 cm (14.3 h). (Note: 14.3 hands means 14 hands and 3 inches, i.e. decimally 14.75 hands.) Some people classify an animal as either horse or pony from its
169:
hands) with shoes, though allows a margin for competition measurement of up to 150 centimetres (59.1 in; 14.3 hands) without shoes, or 151 centimetres (59.45 in; 14.
468:(58 inches, 147 cm). This is usually due to body build, traditional uses and overall physiology. Breeds that are considered horses regardless of height include the
432:
by many of their breeders and breed organizations, rather than ponies, even though they stand smaller than small ponies, usually no taller than 38 inches (97 cm; 9.2
152:
1050:
840:
104:
In modern use, some organizations may define a pony as a mature horse below a certain height at the withers; this may vary from about 142 cm (14.0
672:
233:(52 inches, 132 cm) to over 14 hands (56 inches, 142 cm), and as horse domestication spread, the male descendants of the original
1030:
192:
and are allowed to compete as horses. In
Australia, horses that measure from 14 to 15 hands (142 to 152 cm; 56 to 60 inches) are known as a "
734:
Jansen, Thomas; Forster, Peter; Levine, Marsha A.; Oelke, Hardy; Hurles, Matthew; Renfrew, Colin; Weber, Jürgen; Olek, Klaus (6 August 2002).
902:
386:
488:
usually are the arbiters of such debates, weighing the relative horse and pony characteristics of a breed. In some breeds, such as the
555:
155:
defines the official cutoff point at 148 centimetres (58.3 in; 14.2 hands) without shoes and 149 centimetres (58.66 in; 14.
1104:
964:
710:
492:, the horse-versus-pony controversy is resolved by creating separate divisions for consistently horse-sized animals, such as the
312:, are used for both riding and driving. There is no direct correlation between a horse's size and its inherent athletic ability.
381:
for their weight as a horse, and often not needing grain at all. However, for the same reason, they are also more vulnerable to
260:
89:
and tail, with proportionally shorter legs, a wider barrel, heavier bone, a thicker neck and a shorter, broader head. The word
653:
1115:(by members of the faculty and staff, University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine). HarperCollins. 1996.
558:
tribes also have the tradition of referring to their horses as "ponies", when speaking in
English, even though many of the
1111:
1027:
919:
43:, demonstrating the pony characteristics of sturdy bone, a thick mane and tail, a small head, and small overall size
528:
226:
873:
665:
421:
For showing purposes, ponies are often grouped into small, medium, and large sizes. Small ponies are 12.2
377:
that share the ability to thrive on a more limited diet than that of a regular-sized horse, requiring half the
1129:
928:
574:
895:
The Horse, the Wheel, and
Language: How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes Shaped the Modern World
570:
The term "pony" is also sometimes used to describe a full-sized horse in a humorous or affectionate sense.
480:, all of which have individual members both over and under 14.2 hands (58 inches, 147 cm).
473:
20:
1073:
1028:
McNeill, Erin. "Ponies at Boone County Fair pull their weight and then some" Missourian, July 27, 2010
542:
Conversely, the term "pony" is occasionally used to describe horses of normal height. Horses used for
47:
802:
747:
593:
461:
354:
321:
538:
There is debate over whether the feral
Chincoteague ponies of Assateague Island are horses or ponies
923:
281:
82:
619:
117:
357:
have developed all over the world, particularly in cold and harsh climates where hardy, sturdy
1100:
970:
960:
956:
948:
898:
865:
818:
793:
Widespread; Horse
Lineages, Domestic (2001). "Widespread origins of domestic horse lineages".
775:
716:
706:
649:
512:
504:
222:
855:
810:
765:
755:
604:
1134:
676:
624:
559:
429:
370:, and even very small ponies are able to pull as much as 450 percent of their own weight.
301:
293:
265:
56:
464:
are not defined as ponies, even when they have some animals that measure under 14.2
116:, no matter what its height. A full-sized horse may sometimes even be called a pony as a
806:
751:
485:
437:
410:
398:
362:
358:
297:
273:
241:
77:). Depending on the context, a pony may be a horse that is under a given height at the
770:
735:
196:", and ponies in Australia measure under 14 hands (56 inches, 142 cm).
1123:
1034:
469:
347:
331:
305:
285:
249:
193:
72:
52:
40:
1014:
326:
587:
551:
477:
390:
289:
86:
240:
Domesticated ponies of all breeds originally developed mainly from the need for a
814:
609:
508:
465:
433:
422:
414:
374:
367:
230:
144:
105:
350:, seen in a thicker mane and tail as well as a particularly heavy winter coat.
229:
probably first occurred in the
Eurasian steppes with horses of between 13
933:
614:
493:
489:
343:
309:
128:
85:
and temperament. Compared to a larger horse, a pony may have a thicker coat,
974:
720:
599:
554:
breeding and often well over 14.2 hands (58 inches, 147 cm).
547:
405:
382:
339:
277:
113:
35:
869:
822:
779:
760:
627:, the late British artist known for his cartoons of ponies and their riders
523:, often matures to the height of an average small horse when raised from a
361:
were needed. They are remarkably strong for their size. Breeds such as the
932:. Vol. 29. Doubleday, Page & Company. pp. 46–47 – via
520:
516:
500:
234:
213:
109:
666:"PONY MEASUREMENT 2007 30 January 2007 " Explanation of Article 3103.1,
204:
1112:
Book of Horses: A Complete
Medical Reference Guide for Horses and Foals
564:
252:
and other blood added to make a more refined pony suitable for riding.
148:
78:
534:
139:
For many forms of competition, the official definition of a pony is a
955:(First ed.). Boulder, CO: Roberts Rinehart Publishers. pp.
897:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. pp. 196–197, 202.
860:
705:(First ed.). Solvang, CA: Amigo Publications, Inc. p. 7.
533:
447:
404:
325:
259:
203:
140:
127:
67:
46:
34:
543:
524:
453:
448:
133:
98:
27:
378:
499:
Some horses may be pony height due to environment more than
413:
is a larger pony which occasionally matures over 14.2
736:"Mitochondrial DNA and the origins of the domestic horse"
334:
is one of the smallest pony breeds, but is very strong.
550:" regardless of height, even though they are often of
841:"Limited number of patrilines in horse domestication"
703:Conquerors: The Roots of New World Horsemanship
272:In many parts of the world, ponies are used as
668:FInternational Federation for Equestrian Sport
153:International Federation for Equestrian Sports
1009:
1007:
1005:
1003:
1001:
999:
997:
8:
1047:"Assateague National Seashore - Wild Horses"
1074:"The Track Pony: A Racehorse's Best Friend"
436:) at the withers. However, there are also
834:
832:
248:By the 20th century, many pony breeds had
237:went on to be bred with local wild mares.
151:. Standard horses are 14.2 or taller. The
987:Barakat, Christine. "Why Size Matters."
888:
886:
859:
769:
759:
590:, mail delivery by horse-mounted couriers
338:Ponies are often distinguished by their
637:
373:Nearly all pony breeds are very hardy,
646:Chambers Twentieth Century Dictionary
183:hands) with shoes. However, the term
147:(58 inches, 147 cm) at the
7:
389:. They may also have problems with
949:"The Proliferation of Horse Breeds"
402:are usually strong for their size.
288:pursuits. Some breeds, such as the
81:, or a small horse with a specific
991:October 2007, Issue 361, pp. 36-42
670:Web site, Accessed October 7, 2009
296:, while other breeds, such as the
284:. They are seen in many different
143:that measures less than 14.2
14:
918:Smith, E. C. A. (November 1915).
444:Similar or similarly named horses
212:Ponies originally developed as a
926:; Saylor, Henry Hodgman (eds.).
687:Owlet, Lorna and Phlip Mathews,
644:A.M. Macdonald (editor) (1972).
567:them, are called "pony horses".
428:The smallest equines are called
947:Sponenberg, D. Phillip (1996).
452:The full-sized horses used for
839:Lindgren; et al. (2004).
1:
417:(58 inches, 147 cm)
815:10.1126/science.291.5503.474
93:derives from the old French
1072:Gantz, Tracy (2 May 2019).
101:, a young, immature horse.
1153:
893:Anthony, David W. (2007).
319:
227:Domestication of the horse
25:
18:
304:, are used primarily for
292:, are primarily used for
1109:Siegal, Mordecai (ed.).
456:are called "polo ponies"
280:and for pulling various
26:Not to be confused with
929:Country Life in America
575:United States Pony Club
761:10.1073/pnas.152330099
596:, includes pony breeds
539:
474:American Quarter Horse
457:
418:
335:
308:. Others, such as the
269:
209:
208:A pony near a mountain
136:
59:
44:
1033:January 19, 2013, at
701:Bennett, Deb (1998).
691:, Milsons Point: 1979
537:
494:"Section D" Welsh Cob
451:
408:
329:
263:
207:
131:
50:
38:
21:Pony (disambiguation)
1099:. Free Press, 1997.
1097:The Nature of Horses
1095:Budiansky, Stephen.
924:Bailey, Liberty Hyde
879:on 17 November 2010.
675:26 July 2011 at the
648:. London: Chambers.
594:List of horse breeds
322:List of horse breeds
282:horse-drawn vehicles
19:For other uses, see
953:Horses Through Time
807:2001Sci...291..474V
752:2002PNAS...9910905J
746:(16): 10905–10910.
689:Ponies in Australia
556:American Indigenous
503:. For example, the
346:and grow a heavier
66:is a type of small
16:Type of small horse
620:Polish sport horse
546:are often called "
540:
515:off the coasts of
458:
419:
387:Cushing's syndrome
336:
270:
268:shown under saddle
210:
137:
118:term of endearment
60:
45:
920:"The Pony Useful"
904:978-0-691-05887-0
513:Assateague Island
505:Chincoteague pony
223:mitochondrial DNA
1142:
1082:
1081:
1069:
1063:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1049:. Archived from
1043:
1037:
1025:
1019:
1018:
1011:
992:
985:
979:
978:
944:
938:
937:
915:
909:
908:
890:
881:
880:
878:
872:. Archived from
863:
845:
836:
827:
826:
790:
784:
783:
773:
763:
731:
725:
724:
698:
692:
685:
679:
663:
657:
642:
605:Equine nutrition
486:breed registries
430:miniature horses
182:
181:
177:
174:
168:
167:
163:
160:
1152:
1151:
1145:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1140:
1139:
1120:
1119:
1118:
1091:
1089:Further reading
1086:
1085:
1071:
1070:
1066:
1056:
1054:
1045:
1044:
1040:
1026:
1022:
1017:. January 2001.
1013:
1012:
995:
986:
982:
967:
946:
945:
941:
917:
916:
912:
905:
892:
891:
884:
876:
848:Nature Genetics
843:
838:
837:
830:
801:(5503): 474–7.
792:
791:
787:
733:
732:
728:
713:
700:
699:
695:
686:
682:
677:Wayback Machine
664:
660:
643:
639:
634:
625:Norman Thelwell
584:
446:
359:working animals
324:
318:
316:Characteristics
302:Australian Pony
274:working animals
266:Australian Pony
258:
202:
179:
175:
172:
170:
165:
161:
158:
156:
126:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1150:
1149:
1146:
1138:
1137:
1132:
1130:Types of horse
1122:
1121:
1117:
1116:
1107:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1064:
1053:on 13 May 2010
1038:
1020:
993:
980:
965:
939:
910:
903:
882:
861:10.1038/ng1326
854:(4): 335–336.
828:
785:
726:
711:
693:
680:
658:
636:
635:
633:
630:
629:
628:
622:
617:
612:
607:
602:
597:
591:
583:
580:
560:Mustang horses
511:that lives on
445:
442:
438:miniature pony
411:Connemara pony
363:Connemara pony
320:Main article:
317:
314:
298:Connemara pony
257:
254:
242:working animal
201:
198:
125:
122:
75:ferus caballus
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1148:
1147:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1125:
1114:
1113:
1108:
1106:
1105:0-684-82768-9
1102:
1098:
1094:
1093:
1088:
1079:
1075:
1068:
1065:
1052:
1048:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1035:archive.today
1032:
1029:
1024:
1021:
1016:
1015:"Pony Power!"
1010:
1008:
1006:
1004:
1002:
1000:
998:
994:
990:
984:
981:
976:
972:
968:
966:1-57098-060-8
962:
958:
954:
950:
943:
940:
935:
931:
930:
925:
921:
914:
911:
906:
900:
896:
889:
887:
883:
875:
871:
867:
862:
857:
853:
849:
842:
835:
833:
829:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
789:
786:
781:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
730:
727:
722:
718:
714:
712:0-9658533-0-6
708:
704:
697:
694:
690:
684:
681:
678:
674:
671:
669:
662:
659:
655:
651:
647:
641:
638:
631:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
595:
592:
589:
586:
585:
581:
579:
576:
571:
568:
566:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
536:
532:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
497:
495:
491:
487:
481:
479:
475:
471:
470:Arabian horse
467:
463:
455:
450:
443:
441:
439:
435:
431:
426:
424:
416:
412:
407:
403:
400:
394:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
371:
369:
364:
360:
356:
351:
349:
345:
341:
333:
332:Shetland pony
328:
323:
315:
313:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
267:
262:
255:
253:
251:
246:
243:
238:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
215:
206:
199:
197:
195:
191:
186:
154:
150:
146:
142:
135:
130:
123:
121:
119:
115:
111:
107:
102:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
74:
69:
65:
58:
54:
53:Shetland pony
49:
42:
41:Highland Pony
37:
33:
29:
22:
1110:
1096:
1077:
1067:
1055:. Retrieved
1051:the original
1041:
1023:
988:
983:
957:155, 170–173
952:
942:
927:
913:
894:
874:the original
851:
847:
798:
794:
788:
743:
739:
729:
702:
696:
688:
683:
667:
661:
645:
640:
588:Pony Express
572:
569:
552:Thoroughbred
541:
531:conditions.
529:domesticated
498:
482:
478:Morgan horse
462:horse breeds
459:
427:
420:
395:
391:hyperlipemia
375:easy keepers
372:
368:draft horses
352:
337:
290:Hackney pony
278:pack animals
271:
247:
239:
219:Equus ferus.
218:
211:
189:
184:
138:
103:
94:
90:
83:conformation
71:
63:
61:
32:
610:Easy keeper
548:polo ponies
509:feral horse
366:full-sized
221:Studies of
1124:Categories
934:HathiTrust
654:055010206X
632:References
615:Horse care
490:Welsh pony
310:Welsh pony
286:equestrian
124:Definition
97:, meaning
1078:The Horse
600:Pony Club
383:laminitis
348:hair coat
340:phenotype
114:phenotype
55:shown in
1031:Archived
975:36179575
870:15034578
823:11161199
780:12130666
721:39709067
673:Archived
582:See also
521:Virginia
517:Maryland
501:genetics
476:and the
440:breeds.
235:stallion
214:landrace
194:galloway
110:pedigree
95:poulenet
803:Bibcode
795:Science
748:Bibcode
565:ponying
399:trained
294:driving
250:Arabian
200:History
178:⁄
164:⁄
149:withers
132:A pony
79:withers
57:harness
1135:Ponies
1103:
1057:10 May
989:Equus,
973:
963:
901:
868:
821:
778:
771:125071
768:
719:
709:
652:
527:under
355:breeds
344:hooves
306:riding
190:horses
922:. In
877:(PDF)
844:(PDF)
466:hands
460:Some
434:hands
423:hands
415:hands
353:Pony
276:, as
231:hands
145:hands
141:horse
73:Equus
68:horse
1101:ISBN
1059:2010
971:OCLC
961:ISBN
899:ISBN
866:PMID
819:PMID
776:PMID
740:PNAS
717:OCLC
707:ISBN
650:ISBN
573:The
544:polo
525:foal
519:and
507:, a
454:polo
409:The
385:and
330:The
300:and
256:Uses
185:pony
134:foal
112:and
99:foal
91:pony
87:mane
64:pony
28:Foal
856:doi
811:doi
799:291
766:PMC
756:doi
379:hay
264:An
1126::
1076:.
996:^
969:.
959:.
951:.
885:^
864:.
852:36
850:.
846:.
831:^
817:.
809:.
797:.
774:.
764:.
754:.
744:99
742:.
738:.
715:.
496:.
472:,
393:.
120:.
62:A
51:A
39:A
1080:.
1061:.
977:.
936:.
907:.
858::
825:.
813::
805::
782:.
758::
750::
723:.
656:.
180:2
176:1
173:+
171:3
166:2
162:1
159:+
157:2
106:h
70:(
30:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
