932:
981:, loss of their usual social network, interruptions to their own career, and helping children cope with a new school. These are chief reasons given for foreign assignments ending early. However, a spouse can also act as a source of support for an expatriate professional. Families with children help to bridge the language and culture aspect of the host and home country, while the spouse plays a critical role in balancing the families integration into the culture. Some corporations have begun to include spouses earlier when making decisions about a foreign posting, and offer
37:
2112:
1513:
1045:, where individuals themselves arrange a contract to work overseas, rather than being sent by a parent company to a subsidiary. An 'SIE' typically does not require as big a compensation package as does a traditional business expatriate. Also, spouses of SIEs are less reluctant to interrupt their own careers, at a time when dual-career issues are arguably shrinking the pool of willing expatriates.
369:
242:
The varying use of these terms for different groups of foreigners can be seen as implying nuances about wealth, intended length of stay, perceived motives for moving, nationality, and even race. This has caused controversy, with some commentators asserting that the traditional use of the word "expat"
985:
or adjustment training before a family departs. Research suggests that tailoring pre-departure cross-cultural training and its specific relevance positively influence the fulfilment of expectations in expatriates' adjustment. According to the 2012 Global
Relocation Trends Survey Report, 88 per cent
1038:
Short-term assignments becoming more common. These are assignments of several months to a year which rarely require the expatriate family to move. They can include specific projects, technology transfer, or problem-solving tasks. In 2008, nearly two-thirds of international assignments consisted of
1018:
In this era of international competition, it is important for companies, as well as for countries, to understand what is that motivates people to move to another country to work. Understanding expatriates' motivations for international mobility allows organisations to tailor work packages to match
339:
In Canada someone who resides in a different province on a temporary basis while continuing to hold their home province's residency is colloquially called an "interprovincial expat" as opposed to an "interprovincial migrant" who changes their residency and usually is intending to move permanently.
1001:
People move abroad for many different reasons. An understanding of what makes people move is the first step in the expatriation process. People could be âpushedâ away as a reaction to specific socio-economic or political conditions in the home country, or âpulledâ towards a destination country
3916:
Andresen, M., Bergdolt, F., & Margenfeld, J. 2012. What distinguishes self-initiated expatriates from assigned expatriates and migrants? A literature-based definition and differentiation of terms. In M. Andresen, A. A. Ariss, M. Walther, & K. Wolff (Eds.), Self-initiated expatriation:
1095:
S.K Canhilal and R.G. Shemueli suggest that successful expatriation is driven by a combination of individual, organizational, and context-related factors. Of these factors, the most significant have been outlined as: cross-cultural competences, spousal support, motivational questions, time of
992:
is a term which has been coined for an employee returning prematurely to their home country, or resigning. About 7% of expatriates return early, but this figure does not include those who perform poorly while on assignment or resign entirely from a company. When asked the cost of a premature
1010:
and political environment; as well as their personal circumstances. The motivation for moving (or staying) abroad also gets adjusted with the different life changes the person experiences â for example, if they get married, have children, etc. Also, different personalities (or
1061:, international business travellers who take a plethora of short trips to locations around the globe for negotiations, meetings, training and conferences. These assignments are usually of several weeks duration each. Their irregular nature can cause stress within a family.
361:. People could more readily choose to live for several years in a foreign country, or be sent there by employers. The table below aims to show significant examples of expatriate communities which have developed since that time:
908:
1034:
Reluctance by multinational corporations to sponsor overseas assignments, due to increased sensitivity both to costs and to local cultures. It is common for an expat to cost at least three times more than a comparable local
1005:
For some people, moving abroad is a conscious, thoroughly planned decision, while for others it could be a âspur of the momentâ, spontaneous decision. This decision, of course, is influenced by the individual's geographic,
1109:
Expatriate milieus have been the setting of many novels and short stories, often written by authors who spent years living abroad. The following is a list of notable works and authors, by approximate date of publication.
3249:
943:
send employees to foreign countries to work in branch offices or subsidiaries. Expatriate employees allow a parent company to more closely control its foreign subsidiaries. They can also improve global coordination.
3279:
1547:
with an extended stay in the host country. Some of the more notable examples are listed here in order of their publication date, and recount experiences of roughly the same decade unless noted otherwise.
966:
However, expatriate professionals and independent expatriate hires are often more expensive than local employees. Expatriate salaries are usually augmented with allowances to compensate for a higher
935:
Long among the complexities of living in foreign countries has been the management of finances, including the payment of taxes; here, a 32-page IRS publication from 1965 for
Americans living abroad.
1002:
because of better work opportunities/conditions. The âpullâ can also include personal preferences, such as climate, a better quality of life, or the fact that family/friends are living there.
1096:
assignment, emotional competences, previous international experience, language fluency, social relational skills, cultural differences, and organizational recruitment and selection process.
913:
The number of expatriates in the world is difficult to determine, since there is no governmental census. Market research company
Finaccord estimated the number to be 66.2 million in 2017.
1055:
Commuter assignments which involve employees living in one country but travelling to another for work. This usually occurs on a weekly or biweekly rotation, with weekends spent at home.
2891:
3300:
Lauring, J., & Selmer, J. 2010. The supportive expatriate spouse: An ethnographic study of spouse involvement in expatriate careers. International
Business Review, 19(1): 59-69.
270:
which states: 'the right of expatriation is a natural and inherent right of all people, indispensable to the enjoyment of the rights of life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness'.
3677:"Motivations and Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Self-Initiated Expatriates, Assigned Expatriates, and Immigrant Workers: The Case of Portuguese Migrant Workers in the United Kingdom"
1254:
was a keen traveller and another former spy, and from the 1930s to 1980s many of his novels and short stories dealt with
Englishmen struggling to cope in exotic foreign places.
3868:
Inkson, K.; Arthur, M. B.; Pringle, J.; Barry, S. (1997). "Expatriate assignment versus overseas experience: Contrasting models of international human resource development".
1643:
discusses his time as a Soviet expatriate living in New York City in the 1970s, including his poor work experiences, political disillusionment, and sexual experiences. In
340:
For example
British Columbia and Alberta allow each others residents to attend post secondary in the other province while retaining their home province's residency.
3287:
2042:
1015:) have diverse reactions to the challenges of adjusting to a host-country culture; and these reactions affect their motivations to continue (or not) living abroad.
3313:
International
Assignee Selection and Cross-Cultural Training and Development -in Handbook of Research in International Human Resource Management, Second Edition
3780:
2610:
4326:
3991:"Emerging giants, aspiring multinationals and foreign executives: Leapfrogging, capability building, and competing with developed country multinationals"
3800:"Changing patterns of global staffing in the multinational enterprise: Challenges to the conventional expatriate assignment and emerging alternatives"
2421:
87:
3466:
Tungli, Z; Peiperl, M (2009). "Expatriate practices in German, Japanese, U.K., and U.S. multinational companies: a comparative survey of changes".
3077:"International Higher Education for Whom? Expatriate Students, Choice-making and International (Im)mobility in the Northern United Arab Emirates"
3926:
Inkson, K., & Myers, B. A. 2003. "The big OE": self-directed travel and career development. Career
Development International, 8(4): 170-181.
3083:
2150:
1835:
1390:
3435:
3410:
3329:
3227:
2987:
1877:
1619:
3132:
426:
931:
3948:
Tharenou, P. 2013. Self-initiated expatriates: An alternative to company-assigned expatriates? Journal of Global
Mobility, 1(3): 336-356.
974:. There is also the cost of moving a family and their belongings. Another problem can be government restrictions in the foreign country.
2178:
1886:
1128:, who spend several years in France under Louis XIV and the Regency and who correspond with their respective friends staying at home.
2449:
2359:
3850:
2553:
2400:
1378:
800:
775:
422:
49:
4182:
986:
of spouses resist a proposed move. The most common reasons for refusing an assignment are family concerns and the spouse's career.
2501:
916:
In 2013, the United
Nations estimated that 232 million people, or 3.2% of the world population, lived outside their home country.
4092:
4044:"Typologies: What types of foreign executives are appointed by local organisations and what types of organisations appoint them?"
2017:
2008:
1775:
1587:
970:
or hardships associated with a foreign posting. Other expenses may need to be paid, such as health care, housing, or fees at an
3032:
3005:
2779:
2709:
2060:
2055:
1970:
1841:
1798:
1719:. They include dramas, comedies, thrillers, action/adventure films and romances. Examples, grouped by host country, include:
818:
2951:
2169:
376:
75:
The term often refers to a professional, skilled worker, or student from an affluent country. However, it may also refer to
2416:
198:'one that migrates: such as a person who moves regularly in order to find work especially in harvesting crops' (Webster's);
3935:
Selmer, J., & Lauring, J. 2010. Self-initiated academic expatriates: Inherent demographics and reasons to expatriate.
2917:
2748:
2220:
1914:
1847:
793:
2648:
4260:
4226:
2046:
1935:
1769:
3097:
Dumont, Jean-Christophe; Lamaitre, Georges (2 November 2005). "Counting Immigrants and Expatriates in OECD Countries".
1398:
portrayed the lead-up to a 1965 coup in Indonesia through the eyes of an Australian journalist and a British diplomat.
1892:
1790:
1605:
625:
312:, a repeat expatriate, often someone who has chosen to return to a foreign country after completing a work assignment;
263:
36:
28:
3799:
3245:"Themes in Expatriate and Repatriate Research over Four Decades: What Do We Know and What Do We Still Need to Learn?"
2866:
3936:
3495:"What makes them move abroad? Reviewing and exploring differences between self-initiated and assigned expatriation"
2637:
2000:
1901:
1856:
1754:
1725:
940:
923:, the number of international migrants globally reached an estimated 272 million, or 3.5% of the world population.
754:
1039:
long-term assignments (greater than one year, typically three years). In 2014, that number fell to just over half.
4321:
3637:
2162:
1952:
1868:
1745:
1663:
1556:
3311:
2094:
2089:
2077:
1987:
1185:
1085:
1065:
267:
188:
2979:
The Einstein Dossiers: Science and Politics - Einstein's Berlin Period with an Appendix on Einstein's FBI File
1160:
wrote a string of English-language novels drawing on his seagoing experiences in farflung colonies, including
3310:
Caligiuri, PM; Tarique, I (2012) . "16". In Stahl, GĂŒnter K; Björkman, Ingmar Björkman; Morris, Shad (eds.).
195:'A person who moves from one place to another in order to find work or better living conditions' (Oxford), or
2643:
2557:
2509:
2457:
2214:
2202:
2196:
1684:
1322:
993:
expatriate's return, a survey of 57 multinational companies reported an average cost of about US$ 225,000.
3183:
Vesa Suutari; Kristiina MÀkelÀ (25 September 2007). "The career capital of managers with global careers".
2021:
1860:
1826:
1348:
1140:
1156:(1902), dealt with relationships between the New World and the Old. From the 1890s to 1920s, Polish-born
306:, an employee sent from a foreign subsidiary to work in the country where a company has its headquarters;
236:'one that immigrates: such as a person who comes to a country to take up permanent residence (Webster's).
3960:"Foreign executives in local organisations: An exploration of differences to other types of expatriates"
2787:
2309:
2284:
1461:
1363:
1194:
1152:
4311:
4306:
3895:
3733:
3347:"The theory of met expectations applied to expatriate adjustment: the role of crosscultural training"
3150:
2304:
2208:
1926:
1763:
1613:
described growing up as the budding naturalist in an eccentric English family on the Greek island of
971:
3591:"Contemporary Immigration: Theoretical Perspectives on its Determinants and Modes of Incorporation1"
3734:"Person-environment fit and emotional control: Assigned expatriates vs. self-initiated expatriates"
2319:
2190:
1961:
1794:
1679:
1568:
1489:
1342:
1261:
1256:
1200:
1189:
558:
3345:
Caligiuri, Paula; Phillips, Jean; Lazarova, Mila; Tarique, Ibraiz; Burgi, Peter (1 January 2001).
2390:
1073:
4316:
4073:
3832:
3761:
3714:
3618:
3571:
3522:
3374:
3057:
2809:
1948:
1653:
1441:
1428:
English protagonists uncover dark secrets in luxurious gated communities in the South of France.
1317:
1296:
1240:
1222:
850:
1332:
1595:
described a life of low-paid squalor while working in the kitchens of Parisian restaurants. In
1084:
There has been an increase in scholarly research into the field in recent years. For instance,
4234:
4161:"Antecedent factors for success in international assignments: the case of expatriates in Peru"
3753:
3706:
3657:
3610:
3590:
3563:
3514:
3431:
3406:
3366:
3325:
3223:
3200:
3114:
3049:
2983:
2977:
2911:
2692:
2426:
2396:
2156:
2083:
2034:
1944:
1864:
1810:
1694:
1661:
and his English family adapt to life in Southern France while renovating an old farmhouse. In
1635:
1544:
1456:
1306:
1162:
747:
3346:
320:, an expatriate with a goal for a short term or long term sexual relationships (expatriate +
4063:
4055:
4002:
3971:
3877:
3822:
3814:
3745:
3696:
3688:
3649:
3602:
3553:
3506:
3475:
3358:
3317:
3258:
3192:
3106:
3041:
2682:
2264:
2038:
1996:
1979:
1822:
1781:
1699:
1648:
1481:
1436:
1395:
1373:
1353:
1231:
1210:
1049:
1012:
885:
707:
674:
358:
20:
4048:
German Journal of Research in Human Resource Management / Zeitschrift fĂŒr Personalforschung
3676:
3263:
3244:
1031:
Reluctance by employees to accept foreign assignments, due to spouses also having a career.
3133:"Finaccord - Global Expatriates: Size, Segmentation and Forecast for the Worldwide Market"
3009:
2461:
2367:
2299:
2249:
1689:
1451:
1368:
1337:
1205:
1146:
1117:
1068:
reported in 2017 that women made up only 14 per cent of the expatriate workforce globally.
881:
656:
506:
471:
448:
2561:
1019:
expatriates' expectations in order to attract and/or retain skilled workers from abroad.
2475:
3154:
3045:
2583:
2513:
2314:
2294:
2279:
2259:
2184:
1732:
1640:
1610:
1446:
1414:
967:
920:
695:
587:
136:
91:
65:
3881:
3110:
2111:
1512:
1406:
portrayed an Australian out of his depth while working for the UN in South-East Asia.
1336:(1956) was about an American man having an affair in Paris with an Italian bartender.
1310:(1947) told the tale of an alcoholic British consul in Mexico on the Day of the Dead.
4300:
4160:
4043:
3990:
3959:
3836:
3765:
3718:
3526:
3378:
2527:
2334:
2239:
2144:
2071:
1736:
1716:
1704:
1592:
1454:
which dealt with Americans and Canadians in Hungary towards the end of the Cold War.
1425:
1327:
1301:
1280:
1265:
1251:
1157:
1125:
1007:
978:
183:
These definitions contrast with those of other words with the same meaning, such as:
24:
4077:
3622:
3061:
2952:"Rich, Russian and Living in London review: uber-richskis in diamond-encrusted cars"
1707:
told of his childhood and early adolescence in Shanghai during the 1930s and 1940s.
1356:, who was born in India to British parents and lived overseas for most of his life.
3076:
2723:
2289:
1905:
1471:
1420:
1403:
1275:
1270:
1227:
889:
877:
284:, an expatriate who intentionally distances themselves from their nation of origin;
3749:
3002:
2274:
1651:
corresponded with a friend about the life of an English writer in Los Angeles. In
4287:
3781:"Is the Traditional Expat Model Declining? 3 Ways Organisations Are Replacing It"
3510:
2839:
3321:
2817:
2339:
2234:
1814:
1806:
1802:
1668:
1658:
1600:
1493:
1291:
1235:
1204:(1944) in which a traumatised American pilot seeks meaning in France and India.
1198:(1919) in which an English stockbroker flees to Tahiti to become an artist, and
1135:
1121:
893:
838:
577:
541:
321:
302:
95:
69:
45:
4059:
3606:
3494:
2810:"Rex-patriate games: Film takes humorous look at moving â and staying â abroad"
2756:
1500:(2010) wrote of journalists working for an English-language newspaper in Rome.
4117:
3818:
3196:
2269:
2244:
1983:
1624:
1572:
1476:
608:
489:
142:
4238:
4142:
3975:
3757:
3710:
3692:
3661:
3653:
3567:
3518:
3370:
3204:
3118:
2696:
2430:
1697:
searched for meaning in Italy, India and Indonesia. In the early chapters of
3493:
Andresen, Maike; Biemann, Torsten; Pattie, Marshall Wilson (12 April 2015).
2218:) and a series of British detectives posted to an idyllic Caribbean island (
1920:
1818:
1576:
1294:
set many short stories and novels in his adopted home of Morocco, including
1264:, was about a glamorous American couple unravelling in the South of France.
951:
were: breadth of responsibilities, nature of the international environment (
825:
728:
682:
354:
328:
The term "expatriate" is sometimes misspelled as "ex-patriot", which author
274:
227:
83:
and other individuals who have chosen to live outside their native country.
3614:
3362:
3027:
2932:
1214:(1915) about an American couple, a British couple, and their infidelities.
947:
A 2007 study found the key drivers for expatriates to pursue international
3053:
1268:
drew heavily on his own experiences as a colonial policeman for his novel
1090:
The Journal of Global Mobility: The home of expatriate management research
909:
List of sovereign states and dependent territories by immigrant population
899:
Students who study in another country are not referred to as expatriates.
233:'A person who comes to live permanently in a foreign country' (Oxford), or
4183:"Expatriation: Challenges and Success Factors of an International Career"
2360:"expatriate | Definition of expatriate in English by Oxford Dictionaries"
2254:
1372:(1965-1975) dealing with the final years of the British Empire in India.
1174:
1168:
982:
956:
528:
329:
291:
76:
41:
4143:"Journal of Global Mobility: The Home of Expatriate Management Research"
316:
4068:
3701:
3575:
2687:
2670:
2329:
2324:
960:
632:
459:
333:
4006:
3479:
3250:
Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior
121:
4291:
4020:
3827:
1230:, is set against the backdrop of the independence movement in India.
1120:(French: Lettres persanes) is a literary work, published in 1721, by
948:
244:
80:
3558:
3541:
2176:
The final decades of the British Raj have been portrayed in dramas (
1192:, a former spy, set many short stories and novels overseas, such as
164:
Dictionary definitions for the current meaning of the word include:
3316:(2 ed.). Cheltenham, United Kingdom: Edward Elgar Publishing.
94:
defines the term as 'a person who voluntarily renounces his or her
2030:
1614:
930:
255:
115:
99:
35:
3638:"International relocation mobility readiness and its antecedents"
2611:"Why are white people expats when the rest of us are immigrants?"
2212:). Other settings include British doctors in contemporary India (
2206:). British writers in Hollywood have been the subject of comedy (
2188:). Diplomats on a foreign posting have been the basis for drama (
1076:
conducts a survey of expat opinions and trends on regular basis.
1027:
Trends in recent years among business expatriates have included:
266:
to their native country, as in the preamble to the United States
3917:
Individual, organizational and national perspectives: Routledge.
952:
1138:
moved to Europe as a young man and many of his novels, such as
2106:
1627:
told of busking and tramping in his youth across 1930s Spain.
1507:
1382:(1963) and many of his subsequent novels about British spies.
1124:, relating the experiences of two fictional Persian noblemen,
363:
174:'A person who lives outside their native country' (Oxford), or
3280:"DOES CULTURE REALLY MAKE A DIFFERENCE IN EXPAT ASSIGNMENTS?"
2389:
Castree, Noel; Rob Kitchen; Alisdair Rogers (25 April 2013).
2724:"Special Feature: Tributes to Frederika Randall (1948â2020)"
2417:"International Migration Law No. 34 - Glossary on Migration"
1234:
portrayed American men in peril abroad, beginning with his
1340:
worked as a teacher in Malaya and made it the setting of
1320:
set many of her psychological thrillers abroad, including
3028:"The overseas student: expatriate, sojourner or settler?"
2892:"The Old Sexpats Club members and their young Thai women"
3958:
Arp, Frithjof; Hutchings, Kate; Smith, Wendy A. (2013).
3218:
Gomez-Mejia, Luis; Balkin, David; Cardy, Robert (2007).
2142:
Reality television has dealt with overseas real estate (
2123:
1543:
Memoirs of expatriate life can be considered a form of
1524:
380:
3499:
The International Journal of Human Resource Management
3351:
The International Journal of Human Resource Management
1208:
used spa towns in Europe as the setting for his novel
3798:
Collings, D. G.; Scullion, H.; Morley, M. J. (2007).
3428:
Essentials of International Human Resource Management
3403:
Essentials of International Human Resource Management
1687:
recounted comic escapades while working in Paris. In
1603:
denounced the United States after studying there. In
1072:
The Munich-based paid expatriate networking platform
353:
In the 19th century, travel became easier by way of
290:, an employee who often travels internationally for
3222:. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. pp. 544â5.
1474:has set several thrillers overseas since his debut
880:revoked the citizenship of many opponents, such as
416:
3636:Andresen, Maike; Margenfeld, Jil (13 April 2015).
3589:Portes, Alejandro; Böröcz, Jözsef (20 June 2018).
3170:Research and Practice in Human Resource Management
2636:
1715:Films about expatriates often deal with issues of
1464:about an Australian criminal who flees to India.
1290:: From the mid-1940s to the 1990s, American-born
2780:"Inpatriates: On the Term and Academic Findings"
19:"Expat" redirects here. For the XML parser, see
3675:Farcas, Diana; Gonçalves, Marta (August 2017).
1316:: From the 1950s to the 1990s, American author
3732:Lauring, Jakob; Selmer, Jan (1 October 2018).
2867:"Sexpat Journalists Are Ruining Asia Coverage"
2638:"In Hong Kong, Just Who Is an Expat, Anyway?"
1188:was active from 1900 to 1925. English writer
258:. Alternatively, when used as a verbal noun,
8:
4227:"Under the Volcano: a modernist masterpiece"
4093:"The Path to Diversity: Women on Assignment"
2671:"Privileged Mobility in an Age of Globality"
1444:novel of European sex tourists in Thailand.
870:Includes 'military brats' and 'diplobrats'.
4021:"Foreign Executives in Local Organisations"
3003:Oskar Maria Graf timeline: expatriated 1934
2982:. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 294.
2898:. Archived from the original on 2 June 2021
2609:Koutonin, Mawuna Remarque (13 March 2015).
140:
119:
977:Spouses may have trouble adjusting due to
398:
4067:
3826:
3700:
3557:
3262:
3151:"International Migration 2020 Highlights"
2686:
295:
3014:Kritikatur â Die Welt der Literatur
2635:DeWolf, Christopher (29 December 2014).
2444:
2442:
2440:
2422:International Organization for Migration
1571:recounted the tales of Italian merchant
997:Reasons and motivations for expatriation
88:International Organization for Migration
3851:"The decline of the traditional expat?"
2395:(1 ed.). Oxford University Press.
2351:
2043:How To Lose Friends And Alienate People
1352:(1957-1960) was the best-known work of
1226:(1924), one of the best-known books by
177:'living in a foreign land' (Webster's).
3264:10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-041015-062437
3084:Education Resources Information Center
2909:
1671:described a farewell tour of Britain.
896:, often expatriating entire families.
332:has characterised as an example of an
4261:"The Imperfectionists by Tom Rachman"
3396:
3394:
3392:
3390:
3388:
2778:Reiche, Sebastian (22 January 2014).
2450:"Definition of expatriate in English"
1620:As I Walked Out One Midsummer Morning
98:'. Historically, it also referred to
23:. For the free software license, see
7:
3681:Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology
2554:"Definition of immigrant in English"
1278:satirised foreign correspondents in
3896:"Self-initiated expatriates (SIEs)"
1492:deals with Americans in Hong Kong.
1260:(1934), the last complete novel by
963:differences (rethinking old ways).
4212:Without Stopping: An Autobiography
3430:. London: SAGE. pp. 190â193.
3405:. London: SAGE. pp. 188â189.
3046:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1988.tb09019.x
2846:. British Broadcasting Corporation
2838:McGeown, Kate (14 December 2006).
2502:"Definition of migrant in English"
1460:(2003) was a bestselling novel by
1376:made use of overseas settings for
536:Arguably immigrants if permanent.
514:Arguably immigrants if permanent.
40:Expatriate French voters queue in
14:
4327:Employment of foreign-born people
3451:"Global Relocation Trends 2010".
3111:10.1787/eco_studies-v2005-art3-en
2950:Wollaston, Sam (6 January 2015).
2669:Croucher, Sheila (5 March 2012).
1379:The Spy Who Came in from the Cold
1052:hiring Western managers directly.
801:Shanghai International Settlement
776:Shanghai International Settlement
4225:Power, Chris (2 November 2011).
3642:Journal of Managerial Psychology
3540:Lee, Everett S. (1 March 1966).
3185:Journal of Managerial Psychology
2840:"Hard lessons in expat paradise"
2110:
2018:The Adventures of Barry McKenzie
1588:Down and Out in Paris and London
1511:
903:Worldwide distribution of expats
367:
2722:Brock, Geoffrey (9 July 2020).
2392:A Dictionary of Human Geography
2154:), wealthy Russians in London (
1836:Love Is a Many-Splendored Thing
955:and challenge), high levels of
683:Modernist artists & writers
3595:International Migration Review
3033:Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica
2808:Drew, Kevin (5 October 2004).
2710:United States Revised Statutes
1878:The Year of Living Dangerously
1391:The Year of Living Dangerously
1100:Literary and screen portrayals
1:
3882:10.1016/S1090-9516(97)90017-1
3750:10.1016/j.ibusrev.2018.02.010
3738:International Business Review
3278:Pilenzo, R (September 2013).
2976:Grundmann, Siegfried (2005).
2931:Anu Garg (21 February 2013).
2364:Oxford Dictionaries | English
2170:Ramsay's Costa del Nightmares
1915:Clarence, the Cross-Eyed Lion
1848:Already Tomorrow in Hong Kong
1561:
919:As of 2019, according to the
277:have been coined, including:
50:presidential election of 2007
48:, for the first round of the
4259:Taylor, DJ (10 April 2010).
3511:10.1080/09585192.2012.669780
3016:. Retrieved 4 December 2011.
2865:Chiu, Joanna (18 May 2018).
2755:. The Nikkei. Archived from
2749:"Definition of flexpatriate"
2167:and mismanaged restaurants (
2047:Leningrad Cowboys Go America
1936:Treasure of the Sierra Madre
1597:The America That I Have Seen
1450:(2002) was a debut novel by
959:of international posts, and
296:"Business expatriates" below
262:can mean the act of someone
3785:blog.executivesonline.co.uk
3322:10.4337/9781849809191.00022
3026:Cox, J. L. (17 July 1988).
2145:House Hunters International
1887:Three Coins in the Fountain
1606:My Family and Other Animals
1043:Self-initiated expatriation
250:An older usage of the word
29:Expatriate (disambiguation)
4343:
4060:10.1177/239700221302700302
3964:Journal of Global Mobility
3937:European Management Review
3607:10.1177/019791838902300311
2728:The Arkansas International
2476:"Definition of expatriate"
2160:), British expat couples (
1857:Best Exotic Marigold Hotel
1693:(2006), divorced American
1617:during the late 1930s. In
1599:(1949), Egyptian Islamist
941:multinational corporations
906:
755:Shanghai French Concession
151:native country, fatherland
18:
3995:Human Resource Management
3870:Journal of World Business
3855:www.eca-international.com
3819:10.1016/j.jwb.2007.02.005
3807:Journal of World Business
3468:Human Resource Management
3453:Global Mobility Solutions
3197:10.1108/02683940710820073
2916:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
2584:"Definition of immigrant"
2009:The Last King of Scotland
1664:Notes from a Small Island
1557:The Travels of Marco Polo
1440:(2001) was French author
1184:: German-American writer
413:
410:
407:
404:
401:
68:outside their country of
3976:10.1108/JGM-01-2013-0006
3693:10.1177/0022022117717031
3654:10.1108/JMP-11-2012-0362
3220:Managing Human Resources
2753:Financial Times: lexicon
1988:Vicky Cristina Barcelona
1683:(2004) English bachelor
1667:(1995), American writer
1609:(1956) and its sequels,
1186:Herman George Scheffauer
1086:Emerald Group Publishing
566:Celebrities and artists
349:Types of expat community
268:Expatriation Act of 1868
4091:Meier, Olivier (2017).
3542:"A theory of migration"
2644:The Wall Street Journal
2558:Oxford University Press
2528:"Definition of migrant"
2510:Oxford University Press
2458:Oxford University Press
2425:: 67â68. 19 June 2019.
2215:The Good Karma Hospital
1971:A Hologram for the King
1842:The World of Suzie Wong
1799:Dirty Rotten Scoundrels
1585:: In the first half of
1400:A Cry in the Jungle Bar
1323:The Talented Mr. Ripley
4147:www.emeraldinsight.com
4042:Arp, Frithjof (2013).
3989:Arp, Frithjof (2014).
3426:Thomas, David (2014).
3401:Thomas, David (2014).
3363:10.1080/09585190121711
3286:(2): 4. Archived from
3075:Rensimer, Lee (2016).
2512:. 2017. Archived from
2460:. 2017. Archived from
2179:The Jewel in the Crown
1861:Carry On Up the Khyber
1645:Letters from Hollywood
1349:The Alexandria Quartet
1141:The Portrait of a Lady
936:
557:Often referred to as "
435:Australia/New Zealand
141:
120:
53:
27:. For other uses, see
3099:OECD Economic Studies
2788:University of Navarra
2516:on 30 September 2016.
2310:International student
2285:Existential migration
1575:about journeying the
1462:Gregory David Roberts
1195:The Moon and Sixpence
1153:The Wings of the Dove
934:
907:Further information:
264:renouncing allegiance
39:
4122:www.internations.org
4118:"Expat Insider 2022"
4023:. FELOresearch. 2012
3898:. FELOresearch. 2013
3284:Expatriates Magazine
2784:IESE Business School
2564:on 27 September 2016
2464:on 11 February 2017.
2305:Human capital flight
1893:Under the Tuscan Sun
1791:An American in Paris
1776:Seven Years in Tibet
1498:The Imperfectionists
1470:: American novelist
1442:Michel Houellebecq's
972:international school
927:Business expatriates
381:adding missing items
60:(often shortened to
16:Person living abroad
3243:Kraimer, M (2016).
3064:– via PubMed.
2896:www.telegraph.co.uk
2759:on 22 February 2017
2506:Oxford Dictionaries
2454:Oxford Dictionaries
2370:on 11 February 2017
2320:Permanent residency
1962:Secret of the Incas
1902:Lost in Translation
1680:A Year in the Merde
1569:Rustichello da Pisa
1496:in his debut novel
1343:The Malayan Trilogy
1262:F. Scott Fitzgerald
1257:Tender is the Night
1190:W. Somerset Maugham
1048:Local companies in
819:American Concession
3779:Executives, E. O.
3290:on 5 October 2013.
3008:1 May 2013 at the
2688:10.3390/soc2010001
2151:A Place in the Sun
2122:. You can help by
2056:The Quiet American
1953:The Sheltering Sky
1869:A Passage to India
1746:The Mosquito Coast
1654:A Year in Provence
1523:. You can help by
1366:is best known for
1318:Patricia Highsmith
1297:The Sheltering Sky
1241:The Sun Also Rises
1223:A Passage to India
1134:: American author
990:Expatriate failure
937:
876:During the 1930s,
851:Third culture kids
794:British Concession
408:Country of origin
379:; you can help by
64:) is a person who
54:
4007:10.1002/hrm.21610
3480:10.1002/hrm.20271
3437:978-1-4129-9591-7
3412:978-1-4129-9591-7
3331:978-1-84980-919-1
3229:978-0-13-187067-3
3137:www.finaccord.com
2989:978-3-540-25661-8
2221:Death in Paradise
2157:Meet the Russians
2140:
2139:
2084:The Wages of Fear
2078:The Ugly American
2035:Coming to America
1811:Midnight in Paris
1695:Elizabeth Gilbert
1545:travel literature
1541:
1540:
1362:: English writer
1307:Under the Volcano
1163:Heart of Darkness
1088:in 2013 launched
1080:Academic research
1013:personality types
874:
873:
748:Japanese diaspora
519:British retirees
497:British retirees
397:
396:
4334:
4322:Diaspora studies
4276:
4275:
4273:
4271:
4256:
4250:
4249:
4247:
4245:
4222:
4216:
4215:
4207:
4201:
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4172:
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4114:
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4088:
4082:
4081:
4071:
4039:
4033:
4032:
4030:
4028:
4017:
4011:
4010:
3986:
3980:
3979:
3955:
3949:
3946:
3940:
3939:, 7(3): 169-179.
3933:
3927:
3924:
3918:
3914:
3908:
3907:
3905:
3903:
3892:
3886:
3885:
3865:
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3847:
3841:
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3830:
3804:
3795:
3789:
3788:
3776:
3770:
3769:
3729:
3723:
3722:
3704:
3687:(7): 1028â1051.
3672:
3666:
3665:
3633:
3627:
3626:
3586:
3580:
3579:
3561:
3537:
3531:
3530:
3490:
3484:
3483:
3463:
3457:
3456:
3448:
3442:
3441:
3423:
3417:
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3398:
3383:
3382:
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3307:
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3298:
3292:
3291:
3275:
3269:
3268:
3266:
3240:
3234:
3233:
3215:
3209:
3208:
3180:
3174:
3173:
3172:. pp. 1â30.
3168:Chew, J (2004).
3165:
3159:
3158:
3147:
3141:
3140:
3129:
3123:
3122:
3094:
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2690:
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2623:
2621:
2606:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2595:
2580:
2574:
2573:
2571:
2569:
2560:. Archived from
2550:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2524:
2518:
2517:
2498:
2492:
2491:
2489:
2487:
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2446:
2435:
2434:
2413:
2407:
2406:
2386:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2366:. Archived from
2356:
2265:Economic migrant
2194:), documentary (
2135:
2132:
2114:
2107:
2039:Crocodile Dundee
2015:United Kingdom:
1823:To Catch a Thief
1770:The Painted Veil
1700:Miracles of Life
1649:Michael Moorcock
1566:
1563:
1536:
1533:
1515:
1508:
1482:Janice Y. K. Lee
1396:Christopher Koch
1354:Lawrence Durrell
1232:Ernest Hemingway
1211:The Good Soldier
1201:The Razor's Edge
1064:Consulting firm
1050:emerging markets
886:Oskar Maria Graf
675:A Moveable Feast
399:
392:
389:
371:
370:
364:
155:
152:
149:
146:
134:
131:
128:
125:
21:Expat (software)
4342:
4341:
4337:
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4333:
4332:
4331:
4297:
4296:
4284:
4279:
4269:
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4253:
4243:
4241:
4224:
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4219:
4209:
4208:
4204:
4194:
4192:
4185:
4181:RoÄkÄ, DovilÄ.
4180:
4179:
4175:
4165:
4163:
4159:
4158:
4154:
4141:
4140:
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4126:
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4116:
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4111:
4101:
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4090:
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4085:
4041:
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4019:
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4014:
3988:
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3797:
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3773:
3731:
3730:
3726:
3674:
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3669:
3635:
3634:
3630:
3588:
3587:
3583:
3559:10.2307/2060063
3539:
3538:
3534:
3492:
3491:
3487:
3465:
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3460:
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3449:
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3149:
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3126:
3096:
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3091:
3079:
3074:
3073:
3069:
3025:
3024:
3020:
3010:Wayback Machine
3001:
2997:
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2593:
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2588:Merriam-Webster
2582:
2581:
2577:
2567:
2565:
2552:
2551:
2547:
2537:
2535:
2532:Merriam-Webster
2526:
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2521:
2500:
2499:
2495:
2485:
2483:
2480:Merriam-Webster
2474:
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2415:
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2410:
2403:
2388:
2387:
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2353:
2349:
2344:
2300:Global mobility
2250:Cosmopolitanism
2230:
2136:
2130:
2127:
2120:needs expansion
2105:
2100:
2067:Unnamed/various
2028:United States:
1713:
1690:Eat, Pray, Love
1564:
1537:
1531:
1528:
1521:needs expansion
1506:
1486:The Expatriates
1452:Arthur Phillips
1426:J. G. Ballard's
1369:The Raj Quartet
1338:Anthony Burgess
1333:Giovanni's Room
1328:James Baldwin's
1206:Ford Madox Ford
1147:The Ambassadors
1118:Persian Letters
1107:
1102:
1082:
1025:
999:
929:
911:
905:
882:Albert Einstein
783:United Kingdom
721:United Kingdom
657:Lost Generation
549:United Kingdom
525:United Kingdom
503:United Kingdom
472:Beat Generation
449:Beat Generation
441:United Kingdom
393:
387:
384:
368:
351:
346:
254:referred to an
162:
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114:comes from the
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12:
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5:
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4283:
4282:External links
4280:
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4277:
4251:
4217:
4210:Bowles, Paul,
4202:
4173:
4152:
4134:
4109:
4083:
4054:(3): 167â194.
4034:
4012:
4001:(6): 851â876.
3981:
3970:(3): 312â335.
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3744:(5): 982â992.
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3648:(3): 234â249.
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3357:(3): 357â372.
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3191:(7): 628â648.
3175:
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2280:Ethnic enclave
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2260:Domicile (law)
2257:
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2229:
2226:
2200:) and comedy (
2185:Indian Summers
2138:
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2131:September 2019
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2013:
2004:
2001:The King and I
1992:
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1968:Saudi Arabia:
1966:
1957:
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1786:
1759:
1755:City of Ghosts
1750:
1741:
1733:Before Sunrise
1728:
1726:Happy Together
1721:
1712:
1709:
1685:Stephen Clarke
1641:Eduard Limonov
1636:It's Me, Eddie
1611:Gerald Durrell
1539:
1538:
1532:September 2019
1518:
1516:
1505:
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1490:the miniseries
1415:Cocaine Nights
1126:Usbek&Rica
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442:
439:
436:
433:
430:
427:New Zealanders
419:
418:
415:
412:
409:
406:
403:
395:
394:
374:
372:
350:
347:
345:
342:
326:
325:
313:
307:
299:
285:
247:connotations.
240:
239:
238:
237:
234:
224:
223:
222:
221:
220:
219:
218:
217:
216:
215:
214:
200:
199:
196:
181:
180:
179:
178:
175:
161:
158:
107:
104:
92:United Nations
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4339:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4304:
4302:
4293:
4289:
4286:
4285:
4281:
4266:
4262:
4255:
4252:
4240:
4236:
4232:
4228:
4221:
4218:
4214:, p. 275
4213:
4206:
4203:
4191:
4184:
4177:
4174:
4162:
4156:
4153:
4148:
4144:
4138:
4135:
4123:
4119:
4113:
4110:
4098:
4094:
4087:
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4079:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4061:
4057:
4053:
4049:
4045:
4038:
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4022:
4016:
4013:
4008:
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4000:
3996:
3992:
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3977:
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3808:
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3794:
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3678:
3671:
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3663:
3659:
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3647:
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3639:
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3629:
3624:
3620:
3616:
3612:
3608:
3604:
3600:
3596:
3592:
3585:
3582:
3577:
3573:
3569:
3565:
3560:
3555:
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3543:
3536:
3533:
3528:
3524:
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3516:
3512:
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3496:
3489:
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3469:
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3444:
3439:
3433:
3429:
3422:
3419:
3414:
3408:
3404:
3397:
3395:
3393:
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3389:
3385:
3380:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3356:
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3338:
3333:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3314:
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3289:
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3271:
3265:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3251:
3246:
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3236:
3231:
3225:
3221:
3214:
3211:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3179:
3176:
3171:
3164:
3161:
3156:
3152:
3146:
3143:
3138:
3134:
3128:
3125:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3093:
3090:
3085:
3078:
3071:
3068:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3034:
3029:
3022:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3004:
2999:
2996:
2991:
2985:
2981:
2980:
2972:
2969:
2957:
2953:
2946:
2943:
2938:
2934:
2927:
2924:
2919:
2913:
2897:
2893:
2887:
2884:
2872:
2868:
2861:
2858:
2845:
2841:
2834:
2831:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2804:
2801:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2774:
2771:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2744:
2741:
2729:
2725:
2718:
2715:
2711:
2706:
2703:
2698:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2665:
2662:
2650:
2646:
2645:
2639:
2631:
2628:
2616:
2612:
2605:
2602:
2589:
2585:
2579:
2576:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2549:
2546:
2533:
2529:
2523:
2520:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2497:
2494:
2481:
2477:
2471:
2468:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2437:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2423:
2418:
2412:
2409:
2404:
2402:9780199599868
2398:
2394:
2393:
2385:
2382:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2355:
2352:
2346:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2335:Statelessness
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2240:Asylum seeker
2238:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2222:
2217:
2216:
2211:
2210:
2205:
2204:
2199:
2198:
2193:
2192:
2187:
2186:
2181:
2180:
2174:
2172:
2171:
2166:
2164:
2163:No Going Back
2159:
2158:
2153:
2152:
2147:
2146:
2134:
2125:
2121:
2118:This section
2116:
2113:
2109:
2108:
2102:
2096:
2092:
2091:
2086:
2085:
2080:
2079:
2074:
2073:
2072:Eat Pray Love
2068:
2065:
2062:
2058:
2057:
2052:
2049:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2019:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2005:
2003:
2002:
1998:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1932:
1929:
1928:
1927:Out of Africa
1923:
1922:
1917:
1916:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1903:
1898:
1895:
1894:
1889:
1888:
1883:
1880:
1879:
1874:
1871:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1844:
1843:
1838:
1837:
1832:
1829:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1778:
1777:
1772:
1771:
1766:
1765:
1764:Iron and Silk
1760:
1757:
1756:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1742:
1739:
1738:
1737:The Third Man
1734:
1729:
1727:
1723:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1717:culture shock
1710:
1708:
1706:
1705:J. G. Ballard
1702:
1701:
1696:
1692:
1691:
1686:
1682:
1681:
1676:
1672:
1670:
1666:
1665:
1660:
1656:
1655:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1637:
1632:
1628:
1626:
1622:
1621:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1607:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1593:George Orwell
1590:
1589:
1584:
1580:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1559:
1558:
1553:
1549:
1546:
1535:
1526:
1522:
1519:This section
1517:
1514:
1510:
1509:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1478:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1463:
1459:
1458:
1453:
1449:
1448:
1443:
1439:
1438:
1433:
1429:
1427:
1423:
1422:
1417:
1416:
1411:
1407:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1392:
1387:
1383:
1381:
1380:
1375:
1374:John le Carré
1371:
1370:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1355:
1351:
1350:
1346:(1956-1959).
1345:
1344:
1339:
1335:
1334:
1329:
1325:
1324:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1309:
1308:
1303:
1302:Malcolm Lowry
1299:
1298:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1283:
1282:
1277:
1273:
1272:
1267:
1266:George Orwell
1263:
1259:
1258:
1253:
1252:Graham Greene
1249:
1245:
1243:
1242:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1224:
1219:
1215:
1213:
1212:
1207:
1203:
1202:
1197:
1196:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1177:
1176:
1171:
1170:
1165:
1164:
1159:
1158:Joseph Conrad
1155:
1154:
1149:
1148:
1143:
1142:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1104:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1091:
1087:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1067:
1063:
1060:
1059:Flexpatriates
1057:
1054:
1051:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1028:
1023:Recent trends
1022:
1020:
1016:
1014:
1009:
1008:socioeconomic
1003:
996:
994:
991:
987:
984:
980:
979:culture shock
975:
973:
969:
964:
962:
958:
954:
950:
945:
942:
933:
926:
924:
922:
917:
914:
910:
902:
900:
897:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
869:
867:
864:
862:
860:
857:
854:
852:
849:
848:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:1860s(?)ânow
829:
827:
824:
823:
820:
816:
813:
810:
807:
804:
802:
799:
798:
795:
791:
788:
785:
782:
779:
777:
774:
773:
770:
767:
764:
761:
758:
756:
753:
752:
749:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
732:
730:
727:
726:
723:
720:
717:
714:
711:
709:
706:
705:
702:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
686:
684:
681:
680:
676:
672:
669:
666:
663:
660:
658:
655:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
642:
639:
636:
634:
631:
630:
627:
624:
621:
618:
615:
612:
610:
607:
606:
602:
599:
597:
594:
591:
589:
586:
585:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
568:
565:
564:
560:
559:Anglo-Indians
556:
553:
551:
548:
545:
543:
540:
539:
535:
532:
530:
527:
524:
521:
518:
517:
513:
510:
508:
507:Costa del Sol
505:
502:
499:
496:
495:
491:
487:
484:
481:
478:
475:
473:
470:
469:
466:
463:
461:
458:
455:
452:
450:
447:
446:
443:
440:
437:
434:
431:
428:
424:
421:
420:
414:Host country
400:
391:
388:February 2017
382:
378:
375:This list is
373:
366:
365:
362:
360:
356:
348:
343:
341:
337:
335:
331:
323:
319:
318:
314:
311:
308:
305:
304:
300:
297:
293:
289:
286:
283:
280:
279:
278:
276:
271:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
248:
246:
235:
232:
231:
230:
229:
225:
213:
210:
209:
208:
207:
206:
205:
204:
203:
202:
201:
197:
194:
193:
191:
190:
186:
185:
184:
176:
173:
172:
170:
167:
166:
165:
159:
157:
145:
144:
138:
124:
123:
117:
113:
105:
103:
101:
97:
93:
89:
84:
82:
78:
73:
71:
67:
63:
59:
51:
47:
43:
38:
34:
30:
26:
25:Expat License
22:
4270:14 September
4268:. Retrieved
4265:The Guardian
4264:
4254:
4242:. Retrieved
4231:The Guardian
4230:
4220:
4211:
4205:
4193:. Retrieved
4189:
4176:
4164:. Retrieved
4155:
4146:
4137:
4125:. Retrieved
4121:
4112:
4102:10 September
4100:. Retrieved
4096:
4086:
4051:
4047:
4037:
4025:. Retrieved
4015:
3998:
3994:
3984:
3967:
3963:
3953:
3944:
3931:
3922:
3912:
3900:. Retrieved
3890:
3873:
3869:
3863:
3854:
3845:
3810:
3806:
3793:
3784:
3774:
3741:
3737:
3727:
3684:
3680:
3670:
3645:
3641:
3631:
3598:
3594:
3584:
3552:(1): 47â57.
3549:
3545:
3535:
3502:
3498:
3488:
3471:
3467:
3461:
3452:
3446:
3427:
3421:
3402:
3354:
3350:
3340:
3312:
3305:
3296:
3288:the original
3283:
3273:
3254:
3248:
3238:
3219:
3213:
3188:
3184:
3178:
3169:
3163:
3145:
3136:
3127:
3105:(1): 49â83.
3102:
3098:
3092:
3082:– via
3070:
3037:
3031:
3021:
3013:
2998:
2978:
2971:
2959:. Retrieved
2956:The Guardian
2955:
2945:
2937:A Word A Day
2936:
2926:
2900:. Retrieved
2895:
2886:
2874:. Retrieved
2870:
2860:
2848:. Retrieved
2843:
2833:
2821:. Retrieved
2813:
2803:
2791:. Retrieved
2783:
2773:
2761:. Retrieved
2757:the original
2752:
2743:
2731:. Retrieved
2727:
2717:
2712:, Sec. 1999.
2705:
2678:
2674:
2664:
2652:. Retrieved
2642:
2630:
2618:. Retrieved
2615:The Guardian
2614:
2604:
2592:. Retrieved
2587:
2578:
2566:. Retrieved
2562:the original
2548:
2536:. Retrieved
2531:
2522:
2514:the original
2505:
2496:
2484:. Retrieved
2479:
2470:
2462:the original
2453:
2420:
2411:
2391:
2384:
2372:. Retrieved
2368:the original
2363:
2354:
2290:Foreign born
2219:
2213:
2207:
2201:
2195:
2189:
2183:
2177:
2175:
2168:
2161:
2155:
2149:
2143:
2141:
2128:
2124:adding to it
2119:
2093:(1937) and (
2090:Lost Horizon
2088:
2082:
2076:
2070:
2066:
2059:(1958) and (
2054:
2029:
2016:
2007:
1995:
1978:
1969:
1960:
1943:
1934:
1925:
1919:
1913:
1906:Mr. Baseball
1900:
1891:
1885:
1876:
1855:
1846:
1840:
1834:
1789:
1780:
1774:
1768:
1762:
1753:
1744:
1731:
1714:
1698:
1688:
1678:
1674:
1673:
1662:
1652:
1644:
1634:
1630:
1629:
1618:
1604:
1596:
1586:
1582:
1581:
1555:
1551:
1550:
1542:
1529:
1525:adding to it
1520:
1497:
1485:
1475:
1472:Chris Pavone
1467:
1466:
1455:
1445:
1435:
1431:
1430:
1421:Super-Cannes
1419:
1413:
1409:
1408:
1404:Robert Drewe
1399:
1389:
1385:
1384:
1377:
1367:
1359:
1358:
1347:
1341:
1331:
1321:
1313:
1312:
1305:
1295:
1287:
1286:
1279:
1276:Evelyn Waugh
1271:Burmese Days
1269:
1255:
1247:
1246:
1239:
1228:E.M. Forster
1221:
1217:
1216:
1209:
1199:
1193:
1181:
1180:
1173:
1167:
1161:
1151:
1150:(1903), and
1145:
1139:
1132:19th century
1131:
1130:
1114:18th century
1113:
1112:
1108:
1094:
1089:
1083:
1074:InterNations
1071:
1058:
1042:
1026:
1017:
1004:
1000:
989:
988:
976:
965:
946:
938:
918:
915:
912:
898:
890:Willy Brandt
878:Nazi Germany
875:
865:
858:
833:
817:Preceded by
792:Preceded by
741:
690:
687:1870sâ1930s
647:
640:
637:1950sâ1970s
619:Los Angeles
595:
582:Switzerland
572:
411:Destination
385:
352:
338:
327:
315:
309:
301:
288:flexpatriate
287:
281:
272:
260:expatriation
259:
251:
249:
241:
226:
211:
187:
182:
168:
163:
111:
109:
85:
74:
61:
57:
55:
33:
4312:Nationality
4307:Expatriates
4127:7 September
4069:10419/85280
3702:10071/14796
3474:: 153â171.
3040:: 179â184.
2961:24 February
2902:7 September
2876:7 September
2850:22 February
2823:21 February
2818:Time Warner
2793:21 February
2763:22 February
2681:(1): 1â13.
2654:10 February
2594:10 February
2568:10 February
2538:10 February
2486:10 February
2340:Sex tourism
2235:Alien (law)
2203:Ambassadors
2197:The Embassy
1949:Naked Lunch
1875:Indonesia:
1833:Hong Kong:
1815:The Moderns
1807:Killing Zoe
1803:A Good Year
1724:Argentina:
1669:Bill Bryson
1659:Peter Mayle
1631:1970s-1990s
1601:Sayyid Qutb
1583:1930s-1960s
1565: 1300
1494:Tom Rachman
1488:(2016) and
1418:(1996) and
1292:Paul Bowles
1236:debut novel
1182:1900s/1910s
1172:(1900) and
1136:Henry James
1122:Montesquieu
894:Thomas Mann
839:Monte Carlo
626:"Hollywood"
609:Film-makers
578:Lake Geneva
542:British Raj
423:Australians
322:sex tourist
282:dispatriate
96:nationality
70:citizenship
46:Switzerland
4301:Categories
4288:Expatriate
3876:(4): 351.
3813:(2): 198.
3546:Demography
3257:: 83â109.
2733:6 February
2374:4 February
2347:References
2270:Emigration
2245:Clientitis
2103:Television
2022:Straw Dogs
1994:Thailand:
1984:Sexy Beast
1945:Casablanca
1865:Outsourced
1827:Breathless
1752:Cambodia:
1625:Laurie Lee
1579:to China.
1573:Marco Polo
1477:The Expats
1412:: In both
1402:(1979) by
1364:Paul Scott
826:Tax exiles
805:1863â1945
780:1863â1945
759:1849â1943
661:1920sâ30s
613:1910sânow
603:Indonesia
592:1990sânow
569:1800sânow
546:1721â1949
500:1970sânow
490:Beat Hotel
432:1960s-now
429:in London
377:incomplete
303:inpatriate
275:neologisms
252:expatriate
169:Expatriate
112:expatriate
58:expatriate
4317:Residency
4244:30 August
4239:0261-3077
4195:5 October
3902:9 October
3837:153511190
3828:10379/682
3766:148742063
3758:0969-5931
3719:149405149
3711:0022-0221
3662:0268-3946
3568:1533-7790
3527:153656774
3519:0958-5192
3379:144201096
3371:0958-5192
3205:0268-3946
3119:0255-0822
2933:"eggcorn"
2697:2075-4698
2675:Societies
2649:News Corp
2431:1813-2278
2053:Vietnam:
1997:The Beach
1980:Barcelona
1942:Morocco:
1921:Born Free
1819:Ninotchka
1730:Austria:
1577:Silk Road
1457:Shantaram
1035:employee.
811:Shanghai
786:Shanghai
765:Shanghai
729:Salarymen
708:Oligarchs
355:steamship
228:Immigrant
160:Semantics
110:The word
106:Etymology
4078:56210528
3623:22512597
3615:12282796
3062:25012215
3006:Archived
2912:cite web
2844:BBC News
2620:17 April
2255:Diaspora
2228:See also
2209:Episodes
2006:Uganda:
1933:Mexico:
1788:France:
1743:Belize:
1703:(2008),
1657:(1989),
1647:(1986),
1639:(1979),
1623:(1969),
1591:(1933),
1552:Medieval
1480:(2012).
1437:Platform
1424:(2000),
1394:(1978),
1326:(1955).
1300:(1949).
1284:(1938).
1274:(1934).
1244:(1926).
1178:(1904).
1175:Nostromo
1169:Lord Jim
1166:(1899),
1144:(1881),
1116: :
983:coaching
961:cultural
957:autonomy
855:current
733:current
529:Dordogne
522:current
464:Morocco
330:Anu Garg
292:business
243:has had
135:and the
77:retirees
42:Lausanne
4166:4 March
4027:13 July
3576:2060063
3455:. 2010.
3054:3227984
2330:Settler
2325:Refugee
2191:Embassy
1977:Spain:
1912:Kenya:
1899:Japan:
1884:Italy:
1854:India:
1795:Charade
1761:China:
1504:Memoirs
1105:Fiction
949:careers
866:various
859:various
843:Monaco
834:various
762:France
742:various
718:London
715:Russia
700:France
691:various
670:France
648:various
641:various
633:Jet set
616:Europe
596:various
573:various
533:France
485:France
460:Tangier
438:London
405:Period
344:History
334:eggcorn
310:rex-pat
189:Migrant
90:of the
81:artists
66:resides
4292:Curlie
4237:
4190:LBTUFB
4097:Mercer
4076:
3835:
3764:
3756:
3717:
3709:
3660:
3621:
3613:
3574:
3566:
3525:
3517:
3434:
3409:
3377:
3369:
3328:
3226:
3203:
3117:
3060:
3052:
2986:
2695:
2590:. 2017
2534:. 2017
2482:. 2017
2429:
2399:
2275:ĂmigrĂ©
1959:Peru:
1447:Prague
1066:Mercer
814:China
789:China
768:China
736:Japan
667:Paris
554:India
511:Spain
482:Paris
476:1960s
453:1950s
417:Notes
402:Group
317:sexpat
245:racist
143:patria
130:out of
100:exiles
4186:(PDF)
4074:S2CID
3833:S2CID
3803:(PDF)
3762:S2CID
3715:S2CID
3619:S2CID
3572:JSTOR
3523:S2CID
3375:S2CID
3080:(PDF)
3058:S2CID
2031:Borat
1677:: In
1675:2000s
1633:: In
1615:Corfu
1554:: In
1468:2010s
1432:2000s
1410:1990s
1388:: In
1386:1970s
1360:1960s
1330:novel
1314:1950s
1288:1940s
1281:Scoop
1248:1930s
1218:1920s
939:Some
600:Bali
359:train
294:(see
273:Some
256:exile
139:term
137:Greek
118:term
116:Latin
62:expat
4272:2019
4246:2019
4235:ISSN
4197:2023
4168:2022
4129:2022
4104:2019
4029:2012
3904:2013
3754:ISSN
3707:ISSN
3658:ISSN
3611:PMID
3564:ISSN
3515:ISSN
3432:ISBN
3407:ISBN
3367:ISSN
3326:ISBN
3224:ISBN
3201:ISSN
3115:ISSN
3103:2005
3050:PMID
2984:ISBN
2963:2017
2918:link
2904:2022
2878:2022
2852:2017
2825:2017
2795:2017
2765:2017
2735:2021
2693:ISSN
2656:2017
2622:2015
2596:2017
2570:2017
2540:2017
2488:2017
2427:ISSN
2397:ISBN
2376:2018
2182:and
2148:and
2095:1973
2061:2002
1782:Lucy
1711:Film
953:risk
892:and
746:See
673:See
488:See
425:and
86:The
4290:at
4064:hdl
4056:doi
4003:doi
3972:doi
3878:doi
3823:hdl
3815:doi
3746:doi
3697:hdl
3689:doi
3650:doi
3603:doi
3554:doi
3507:doi
3476:doi
3359:doi
3318:doi
3259:doi
3193:doi
3107:doi
3042:doi
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