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192:, the outer axle being motorized. The power was drawn down from the three power cables running along the side of the track by three vertical catenaries, mounted on two towers fore and aft on the roof of the carriage. The electrical system was rated at 6–14 kV, operating at 25–50 Hz, giving a power equivalent of 1,475 hp (1,100 kW).
79:. Electric power offered several advantages over steam; it is more efficient, allowing more rapid acceleration, and a higher power output when necessary. Its disadvantage is the high initial cost of the infrastructure involved, such as the power production and distribution system needed. 1879 saw the demonstration of an experimental system by
199:, which had to be re-laid. Following this, in the autumn of 1903, a series of high-speed runs were achieved; of 206 kilometres per hour (128 mph), by the Siemens railcar, on 6 October, and 210 kilometres per hour (130 mph), by the AEG railcar, three weeks later, on 28 October 1903. This set a
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The tests had shown what was possible with electric motive power, but the three-phase system was too complex, and the cost of installation too prohibitive, for general use across the rail network. With this the St.E.S was wound up and the infrastructure dismantled.
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The 19th century saw the invention of the modern railway and their rapid expansion into national networks in Europe and worldwide. During this period motive power was confined to steam locomotives,
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manufacturer and consortium member, with
Siemens and AEG supplying the electrical equipment. The cars were of standard size, with a capacity for 50 passengers, mounted on two six-wheel
162:, using three overhead lines on poles that were about 5 to 7 metres (16 to 23 ft) high located at the side of the track. This work was completed by the spring of 1901.
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The summer of 1901 saw a series of test runs, culminating in record-breaking speeds of 160 kilometres per hour (99 mph). These tests revealed weaknesses in the
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by mid-century were capable of top speeds of 80 miles per hour (130 km/h), with average express journey speeds of 50–60 mph (80–97 km/h).
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In 1899 a consortium of ten of the largest and wealthiest companies in
Germany joined to form the "
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118:, or St.E.S.) to examine the possibilities of high-speed electric rail travel.
138:, was founded on 10 October 1899 and given leave to electrify a length of the
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at the beginning of the 20th century to assess the possibilities in using
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The society commissioned two railcars for testing. These were built by
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for electric locomotives which stood for the next 51 years.
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95:, in 1881, and heavy rail applications in 1890 (the
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The 1880s saw the development of electric power and
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116:Studiengesellschaft für elektrische Schnellbahnen
308:The Train Book: The Definitive Visual History
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210:Advances in technology, particularly in
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15:
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126:The St.E.S consortium, which included
224:Three-phase AC railway electrification
28:The Siemens & Haske railcar, 1903
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279:"Transporte Brasileiro - Mobility"
20:The AEG railcar, at Zossen station
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77:its application to rail transport
344:Land speed record rail vehicles
140:Royal Prussian Military Railway
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97:City and South London Railway
172:Van der Zypen & Charlier
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130:, the engineering company
339:Rolling stock innovations
281:. Siemens. Archived from
87:, which was followed by
354:Electric rail transport
248:Dorling Kindersley 2014
166:The three-phase railcar
265:July 15, 2006, at the
44:) was an experimental
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54:electric motive power
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201:railway speed record
128:Siemens & Halske
42:Drehstrom-Triebwagen
229:Electric locomotive
146:, near Berlin, and
101:Baltimore Belt Line
89:an electric tramway
34:Three-phase railcar
312:Dorling Kindersley
81:Werner von Siemens
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349:German inventions
152:three-phase power
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287:. Retrieved
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93:Lichterfelde
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144:Marienfelde
333:Categories
301:References
289:2012-02-10
134:, and the
64:Background
260:Zossen.de
158:/50
48:built in
314:. 2014.
263:Archived
218:See also
197:trackbed
142:between
183:Cologne
50:Germany
46:railcar
318:
190:bogies
154:at 10
148:Zossen
85:Berlin
235:Notes
179:]
316:ISBN
181:, a
56:for
32:The
132:AEG
114:) (
103:).
91:at
83:in
38:Ger
335::
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177:de
160:Hz
156:kV
112:de
110:"(
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