644:, which earlier was blocked by courts from being acquired by Anthem, announced a $ 67 billion deal to acquire Express Scripts. The Express Scripts acquisition would be the last major deal involving the country's largest PBMs. In 2017, CVS Health announced a merger with Aetna, completing in November 2018. The takeover of PBMs have drawn regulator resistance because of fears they foster an anti-competitive environment. Insurance companies have charged that the PBM model has contributed to high drug prices because PBMs take a commission on each transaction.
633:. Anthem alleged in court filings that Express had overcharged it by $ 3 billion. Anthem said that it would launch its own competing PBM service, IngenioRx. The battle between the two companies in 2017 caused Express Scripts stock to drop by nearly a third. Express Scripts announced its acquisition of eviCore in October 2017. The $ 3.6 billion deal closed that December. In November 2017, Express Scripts announced it was divesting United BioSource Corp. (UBC), its pharmaceutical support business. UBC was sold to
1022:, CEO of Express Scripts at the time of the move, was an UMSL graduate. Express Scripts, which rather owns both its headquarters and nearby office buildings, received substantial tax breaks. Since the move the company has been an active partner with the university including contributing money to renovate the computer sciences building (Express Scripts Hall), raising funds for building projects, sponsoring a pre-collegiate bridge program for high school students and sponsoring a small business incubator.
974:
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for
Missouri and Illinois clients to get their prescriptions at the Medicare-Glaser brick and mortar pharmacies while those in other cities could get their prescriptions via mail order—an innovation at the time. The initial report of the creation said that Charles H. Ridings, formerly in charge of McDonnell Douglas mergers and acquisitions, was named the first chief executive, although he was quickly replaced by Waltman.
1008:. A second headquarters building adjoining the original one opened in 2008. Three additional structures have been added to the NorthPark development on the north side of I-70 including an Office and Data Center, Tech and Innovation Center, and Operations Center. The area north of I-70 is separate from the university. In 2018 the majority of the 5,000 St. Louis Express Scripts employees work in the complex.
38:
479:. Morris Glaser had founded the company on October 1, 1924. In 1959, Glaser opened discount pharmacies, which would be called Medicare Pharmacy. The discount pharmacies were designed to resemble a doctor waiting room and were only about 800 to 1,000 square feet which focused just on the prescriptions. The two companies although sharing the same name operated separately, peaking at 100 stores.
1012:
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363:; benefit-design consultation; drug-utilization review; formulary management; and medical and drug data analysis services to manage drug plans for health plans, self-insured employers and government agencies (both as administrator of employee benefits and public assistance programs). One of its largest clients is the
680:
For the fiscal year 2017, Express
Scripts reported earnings of US$ 4.517 billion, with an annual revenue of US$ 100.065 billion, a decline of 0.2% over the previous fiscal cycle. Express Scripts shares traded at over $ 64 per share, and its market capitalization was valued at over US$ 53.6 billion in
462:
In late 1986, Sanus announced a deal with St. Louis based pharmacy
Medicare-Glaser for fulfilling prescriptions. The deal was a 50-50 split ownership between Sanus and Medicare-Glaser, with the new name of Express Scripts (scripts being medical industry jargon for prescriptions). Initial plans called
1152:
headquarters received an anonymous letter that contained sensitive information about 75 members. The extortionist stated that they would release more of similar records if the company failed to pay an unspecified amount of money. A consumer class action lawsuit against
Express Scripts was brought on
1102:
or “consumerology”, clinical specialization, and actionable data. Because of its position between pharmacies and health care plans, Express
Scripts sees 1.4 billion prescriptions a year, and it uses this information as part of its research data to create better solutions for clients and patients.
1082:
Published annually since 1993, the
Express Scripts Drug Trend Report provides detailed analysis of prescription drug costs and utilization. Now a web-based version, the Drug Trend Report is developed and published by the Express Scripts Research & New Solutions Lab with contributors from
621:
In 2017, Express
Scripts launched Inside Rx, a partially owned subsidiary that provides discounts on medications for the uninsured and underinsured. In July 2017, Express Scripts purchased myMatrixx, a workers' compensation pharmacy benefits company based in Tampa, for $ 250 million.
1186:
Express
Scripts is known to reimburse pharmacies below cost for medications and push patients to only use their mail order service. They then will spread price the medication and charge the plan sponsor a much higher price for the medication than they will reimburse pharmacies for.
431:), the McAuto's project manager of the Bradford takeover, and Howard L. Waltman, a long time Bradford's employee, formed the Sanus Corporation with substantial investments and ownership from McDonnell Douglas, including a McDonnell Douglas whole ownership of the St. Louis office.
1173:
Pharmaceuticals and
Express Scripts for their failure to reduce the prescription drug Acthar's price. The suit alleges that Express Scripts had a contract to be the exclusive distributor of Acthar, and therefore benefited from its higher price. The company said in an email to
385:
The company processes pharmaceutical claims for members through a network of retail pharmacies. Its own automated pharmacies dispense medications for chronic long-term diseases, such as diabetes or heart disease, directly to members by home delivery.
466:
Sanus remained the dominant early insurance customer but
Express Scripts began marketing to other providers. With increased investment by New York Life, Sansus change its name to NYL Cares and in 1998 was sold to Aetna for $ 1.05 billion.
2971:
1037:, and its current headquarters is about 4 miles west of the St. Louis city limits and its two building headquarters campus is actually spread across three jurisdictions. The entrance to the main building is located in
526:. In 1994, the company announced a two-for-one stock split, and in 1996 established Express Scripts Canada. The same year, the company began the annual Drug Trend Report and launched the Outcomes Symposium Conference.
359:, Express Scripts provides integrated pharmacy benefit management services including network-pharmacy claims processing; home delivery pharmacy services; specialty pharmacy benefit management, through its subsidiary
617:
gave formal approval on April 2, 2012 after an anti-trust investigation. The acquisition positioned Express Scripts Holding Co. as the largest pharmacy benefit manager, filling 1.4 billion annual prescriptions.
470:
Glaser Drug Company sold its Express Scripts partnership interest back to Sanus before it was acquired by chain SupeRx in 1989 for $ 18.2 million. SupeRX declared bankruptcy and all stores closed in 1991 after
1139:
and 28 other states to resolve claims of deceptive business practices. As part of the settlement, the company also agreed to change its business practices and pay up to $ 200,000 in reimbursement to patients.
2383:
1135:. The lawsuit further claimed that Express Scripts had overstated the cost benefits of switching to certain preferred medications. In 2008 the company settled the lawsuit, agreeing to pay $ 9.3 million to
2365:
2428:
409:
Express Scripts began in 1986 in St. Louis County, Missouri as a result of a joint venture between a retail chain of more than 79 pharmacies (Medicare Glaser Inc.) and Sanus Corp. Health Systems.
1098:, the company came up with its own approach to understand its members health concerns, which it has dubbed Health Decision Science. This involves looking at three scientific disciplines:
2761:
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557:
In 2000, the company had to write off its $ 165 million relationship with PlanetRx.com when the startup experienced financial difficulties. In 2001, Express Scripts partnered with
2117:
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man, who accused the company of negligence in protecting customer records. The case was dismissed when Amburgy failed to show how he was directly affected by the breach.
396:
The deal closed on December 20, 2018 at $ 54 billion, allowing Cigna to start offering new Express Scripts products to its corporate health insurance customers in 2019.
2981:
2956:
325:(PBM) organization in the United States. Express Scripts had 2016 revenues of $ 100.752 billion. Since December 20, 2018, the company has been a direct subsidiary of
2946:
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filed a lawsuit against Express Scripts alleging that the company had kept tens of millions of dollars in drug rebates owed to the state. The suit was filed in the
1418:
1996:
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for $ 1.2 billion in 1999. General America had run into financial problems and had said it could not pay back $ 6.8 billion in short term bonds to investors.
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1516:"Express Scripts Incorporated - Company Profile, Information, Business Description, History, Background Information on Express Scripts Incorporated"
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601:) had agreed to sell its NextRx subsidiaries for $ 4.675 billion to Express Scripts. Express Scripts closed the transaction in December 2009.
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2014:
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researchers, clinicians and others. This type of research is designed to understand consumer behavior relative to healthcare benefits.
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1310:
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and the southwest corner of the two-building complex is in unincorporated St. Louis County. The three buildings north of I-70 are in
582:
In October 2007, Express Scripts acquired ConnectYourCare, and now handles FSA, HRA and HSA accounts for companies such as Suntrust,
664:
In late 2020, Express Scripts and several subsidiaries were rebranded and reorganized into a distinct health services organization,
2669:
1392:
1959:
658:
and Express Scripts extended their network agreement to give Express Scripts' clients access to Walmart's prescription services.
2762:"Pennsylvania Attorney General Corbett Announces Multi-State Settlement With Express Sc... (HARRISBURG Pa. May 27 - One of ...)"
1280:
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1977:
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company to open a headquarters on a college campus when it opened its headquarters at 1 Express Way on the north edge of the
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is the study of how people make decisions, and how to help them make better ones. Upon the merger of Express Scripts and
321:(PBM) organization. In 2017 it was the 22nd-largest company in the United States by total revenue as well as the largest
416:
in 1968. Bradford had a contract for computer processing of Medicare and Medicaid payments. It was acquired in 1981 by
1831:
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549:. This partnership offered members options for purchasing prescriptions and over-the-counter health products online.
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443:. Sanus rapidly grew and by 1986 it had 200,000 clients and $ 100 million in revenue, operating in the St. Louis,
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retired at the end of 2021 and Cigna veteran executive Eric Palmer became Evernorth CEO starting in 2022.
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In December 2019, Express Scripts entered into a three-year partnership with Prime Therapeutics.
564:
In 2002, Express Scripts, Inc. (ESI) acquired National Prescription Administrators, Inc. (NPA).
482:
General America, which had been a private St. Louis-based insurance since 1933, was acquired by
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in 1989 and became a publicly traded company in 1992. In 1993, Express Scripts signed on both
448:
417:
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Sanus traces its history to Bradford Systems and Administrative Services which was founded in
348:
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In 1983, two of McDonnell Douglas' former principals Joseph T. Lynaugh (a former director of
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invested in Sanus's future, the largest part of the funding based in New York. Sanus was a
2310:"Express Scripts Chairman George Paz takes leadership of the Chancellor's Council at UMSL"
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acquired the pharmacy records. SupeRX's loan to buy Glaser Drug Co. had been financed by
1606:"General American Life Insurance Company, Inc.: Private Company Information - Bloomberg"
515:
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The term "Scripts" in the company title refers to the widely used clipped version of
378:
services for workers' compensation insurance programs. The program is accredited by
37:
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1136:
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382:, the nation's largest accrediting body for pharmacy benefit management companies.
647:
Express Scripts has 30,000 employees worldwide. The company volunteers with local
2184:"Cigna's Express Scripts And Big Blue Cross PBM In Major Deal To Tame Drug Costs"
1960:"Express Scripts buys medical benefits management firm eviCore for $ 3.6 billion"
420:
through its McDonnell Automation Company (McAuto) subsidiary for $ 11.5 million.
997:
523:
330:
629:, which said it would not renew the PBM contract in 2019 and would instead use
2843:
2139:"Cigna and Express Scripts employees help feed St. Louis area school children"
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1941:"Express Scripts To Buy eviCore For $ 3.6B As Value-Based Care Takes Hold"
2813:
1311:"We Are Express Scripts : We Never Stand Still (2010 Annual Report)"
1154:
990:
609:
In April 2012, Express Scripts completed a $ 29.1 billion acquisition of
356:
95:
2670:"Not taking your medication, or taking waaay too much? The data knows …"
2093:"Merger speculation, vertical integration of pharmacy lives shakeup PBM"
1997:"Express Scripts To Sell Drug Support Unit As PBM Industry Shifts Focus"
2923:
655:
483:
459:
markets. It created a subsidiary called GenCare to fill prescriptions.
452:
368:
360:
269:
444:
413:
590:. However, Express Scripts divested ConnectYourCare in August 2012.
2829:"Pharmacy First Files Suit Against Express Scripts | Business Wire"
2465:"Generics brought down common drug prices in 2012: Express Scripts"
2118:"Express Scripts plans to add 1,500 jobs in north St. Louis County"
1832:"Express Scripts First-Quarter Net Rose 39%, Helped by Acquisition"
1807:"Express Scripts plans to add 1,500 jobs in north St. Louis County"
567:
In late December 2006, Express Scripts made a proposal to purchase
2538:
1570:"14 Jan 1991, Page 69 - St. Louis Post-Dispatch at Newspapers.com"
1534:"11 Nov 1986, Page 14 - St. Louis Post-Dispatch at Newspapers.com"
1362:"Health insurer Cigna to buy Express Scripts in $ 67 billion deal"
1010:
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for $ 700 million. That same year, the company purchased stock in
390:
334:
254:
197:
132:
Prescription benefit management, specialty prescription management
2894:
2884:
2877:
2796:"No harm, no foul, says judge in express script data breach case"
2158:"Walmart, Express Scripts Extend Prescription-Services Agreement"
1498:"5 Dec 1985, Page 49 - St. Louis Post-Dispatch at Newspapers.com"
2972:
Pharmacy benefit management companies based in the United States
1857:"Express Scripts to Offer Cheaper Drugs for Uninsured Customers"
379:
2234:"Evernorth CEO Wentworth to retire, Palmer tapped as successor"
2067:"Cigna to Buy Express Scripts in $ 52 Billion Health Care Deal"
2889:
2051:
1926:"Anthem Breaks With Express Scripts, Will Start Own Drug Plan"
2209:"Cigna to rebrand health services business line as Evernorth"
295:
1908:"Anthem sues Express Scripts over prescription drug pricing"
1588:"MetLife buys GenAmerica for $ 1.2B in cash - Aug. 26, 1999"
2034:"Express Scripts to sell subsidiary to private-equity firm"
977:
1 of 6 Express Scripts Headquarters buildings in April 2013
537:. The following year, in April 1999, the company purchased
2065:
Thomas, Katie; Abelson, Reed; Bray, Chad (March 8, 2018).
1978:"Express Scripts Buys eviCore for $ 3.6B, Forays Into MBM"
1801:
1799:
1462:"8 Dec 1982, Page 15 - Arizona Republic at Newspapers.com"
1025:
Express Scripts throughout its entire history has been in
625:
In October 2017, Express Scripts lost its biggest client,
2899:
1552:"11 Dec 1998, Page 69 - The Tennessean at Newspapers.com"
1258:. 2017. Key Financials (Last Fiscal Year). Archived from
2559:"Alabama among most wasteful states in medical spending"
1883:"Express Scripts discloses purchase price for myMatrixx"
2623:"How Big Data Can Catch Oxycontin Abusers and Bad Docs"
1632:"Express Scripts Holding Company - Company Information"
1419:"Cigna closes $ 54 billion purchase of Express Scripts"
571:. Express Scripts lost the race to acquire Caremark to
518:. In 1994, the company expanded its services by adding
2015:"Express Scripts unloads the rest of United BioSource"
1695:"LYNCH v. NATIONAL PRESCRIPTION ADMINISTRATORS INC 25"
439:
and it merged with the General America Life Insurance
2904:
2352:"UMSL renames computer building Express Scripts Hall"
1738:
1736:
1716:"Express Scripts makes $ 26 billion bid for Caremark"
529:
In April 1998, Express Scripts acquired ValueRx, the
2809:"60 Minutes reports: prescription drug price fixing"
2712:"Does Medication Waste Cost The U.S. $ 418 Billion?"
1826:
1824:
1822:
1015:
Aerial view of 1 Express Way in St. Louis County, MO
2783:"Extortion used in express scripts database breach"
290:
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128:
109:
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54:
44:
2258:"Express Scripts Holding Revenue 2006-2018 | ESRX"
393:would buy Express Scripts in a $ 67 billion deal.
2515:"U.S. Drug Costs Dropped in 2012, but Rises Loom"
2279:
2277:
2650:"Collaboration may improve medication adherence"
1744:"Express Scripts divesting ConnectYourCare unit"
1216:"Express Scripts 2017 Annual Report (Form 10-K)"
1667:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1651:
996:In 2007, the company became the first and only
1675:. International Directory of Company Histories
2952:Companies based in St. Louis County, Missouri
2807:Brit McCandless Farmer & Ayesha Siddiqi.
2690:"Patient engagement's obstacle: human nature"
1244:
1242:
1240:
1004:north of University Place Drive and south of
8:
1393:"Cigna to buy Express Scripts in $ 67B deal"
1041:. The southeast portion of the campus is in
30:
2490:"Spending on Basic Prescriptions Decreases"
2052:"CVS Health Completes Acquisition of Aetna"
1450:. 25 December 1981 – via NYTimes.com.
1336:"EXPRESS SCRIPTS HOLDING COMPANY FORM 10-K"
1764:"EXPRESS SCRIPTS HOLDING COMPANY FORM 8-K"
1281:"Express Scripts Holding Company Profiles"
683:
29:
27:American pharmacy benefit management (PBM)
2962:Health care companies established in 1986
1210:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1200:
593:On April 13, 2009, it was announced that
1178:that there was no conflict of interest.
981:Express Scripts is headquartered within
389:On March 7, 2018, it was announced that
2982:Health care companies based in Missouri
2957:Companies formerly listed on the Nasdaq
2737:"Drug Benefit Company Accused of Fraud"
2032:Post-Dispatch, Samantha Liss St Louis.
1714:Pritchard, Carolyn (18 December 2006).
1196:
654:In December 2018, it was reported that
433:General American Life Insurance Company
2947:American companies established in 1986
2156:Al-Muslim, Aisha (December 12, 2018).
561:and Advance PSC to form RxHub LLC.
2232:Minemyer, Paige (23 September 2021).
2207:Minemyer, Paige (16 September 2020).
1928:. 8 March 2019 – via Bloomberg.
1625:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1417:Humer, Caroline (December 20, 2018).
1033:. It was originally headquartered in
7:
1444:"Bradford National Sells a Division"
477:Lincoln Savings and Loan Association
2909:Business data for Express Scripts:
2579:"Numbers, Numbers and More Numbers"
2091:Prusty, Sonali (November 1, 2017).
539:Diversified Pharmaceutical Services
365:United States Department of Defense
1906:Johnson, Carolyn (21 March 2016).
25:
1391:Minemyer, Paige (March 8, 2018).
494:Express Scripts was purchased by
2860:
2846:
2794:Vijayan, J. (2009, December 3).
1881:Manning, Margie (28 July 2017).
1630:Nordqvist, Joseph (2014-07-23).
1002:University of Missouri–St. Louis
224:
223:
204:
203:
184:
183:
164:
163:
141:
140:
105:St. Louis County, Missouri, U.S.
36:
2942:1986 establishments in Missouri
2781:Vamosi, R. (2008, November 6).
1368:. March 7, 2018. Archived from
496:New York Life Insurance Company
441:preferred provider organization
437:health maintenance organization
315:Express Scripts Holding Company
306:Footnotes / references
31:Express Scripts Holding Company
2764:. Bio-medicine.org. 2008-05-27
1:
2987:2018 mergers and acquisitions
2967:1992 initial public offerings
2739:. Cbsnews.com. Archived from
1855:Thomas, Katie (May 8, 2017).
1683:– via encyclopedia.com.
1058:Howard L. Waltman (1986-1992)
2735:Raksha Shetty (2004-08-04).
2513:Thomas, Katie (2013-03-18).
1520:www.referenceforbusiness.com
535:Columbia/HCA Healthcare Corp
374:Express Scripts also offers
351:within unincorporated North
18:Express Scripts Incorporated
1784:"Express Scripts 2009 10-K"
1061:Barrett A. Toan (1992-2005)
376:pharmacy benefit management
323:pharmacy benefit management
319:pharmacy benefit management
81:; 38 years ago
3003:
1887:Tampa Bay Business Journal
1035:Maryland Heights, Missouri
1027:St. Louis County, Missouri
522:prescription services and
121:President, Express Scripts
2603:"Health Decision Science"
1250:"Express Scripts Holding"
304:
35:
2238:www.fiercehealthcare.com
2213:www.fiercehealthcare.com
615:Federal Trade Commission
577:CVS/Caremark Corporation
2583:The Wall Street Journal
2494:The Wall Street Journal
2162:The Wall Street Journal
2019:Pharmaceutical Commerce
1836:The Wall Street Journal
1812:St. Louis Post-Dispatch
1087:Health decision science
649:Blessings in a Backpack
635:Avista Capital Partners
543:SmithKline Beecham Corp
1316:. NASDAQ. 9 March 2011
1129:New York Supreme Court
1096:Medco Health Solutions
1016:
978:
611:Medco Health Solutions
597:-based WellPoint (now
506:and corporate clients
425:NYC Health + Hospitals
1673:"Express Scripts Inc"
1148:In October 2008, the
1039:Cool Valley, Missouri
1014:
976:
520:workers’ compensation
2854:United States portal
1636:Market Business News
584:Zions Bancorporation
504:Maxicare Health Care
228:US$ 18.125 billion
208:US$ 54.256 billion
2743:on November 4, 2004
2539:"Drug Trend Report"
2354:. 28 February 2011.
2324:"Student newspaper"
2312:. 19 February 2018.
2289:www.bizjournals.com
2285:"St Louis job cuts"
2262:www.macrotrends.net
2021:. 28 November 2017.
1984:. 18 December 2017.
1912:The Washington Post
1480:"Howard L. Waltman"
1153:by John Amburgy, a
1116:On August 4, 2004,
1043:Bellerive, Missouri
579:on March 22, 2007.
512:Service Merchandise
237:Number of employees
188:US$ 4.532 billion
168:US$ 5.494 billion
32:
2890:CuraScript SD site
2692:. 30 December 2010
2631:. 22 February 2013
2519:The New York Times
2071:The New York Times
1861:The New York Times
1448:The New York Times
1342:. 18 February 2013
1167:Rockford, Illinois
1144:Information breach
1100:behavioral science
1047:Berkeley, Missouri
1017:
979:
969:World headquarters
2895:Drug Trend Report
2710:Herper, Matthew.
2447:"Express Scripts"
2409:www.stlouisco.com
1610:www.bloomberg.com
1291:on April 24, 2017
1112:Fraud allegations
1078:Drug Trend Report
1031:City of St. Louis
983:Greater St. Louis
966:
965:
500:FHP International
418:McDonnell Douglas
349:Greater St. Louis
347:Headquartered in
312:
311:
16:(Redirected from
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2880:
2878:Official website
2870:
2868:Companies portal
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2333:. September 2012
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2137:Clark, Patrick.
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2125:
2124:
2114:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2088:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2062:
2056:
2055:
2048:
2042:
2041:
2029:
2023:
2022:
2011:
2005:
2004:
1992:
1986:
1985:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1936:
1930:
1929:
1922:
1916:
1915:
1903:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1893:
1878:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1852:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1842:
1828:
1817:
1816:
1815:. June 20, 2013.
1803:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1790:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1770:
1760:
1754:
1753:
1751:
1750:
1740:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1711:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1701:
1691:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1669:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1642:
1627:
1614:
1613:
1602:
1596:
1595:
1584:
1578:
1577:
1566:
1560:
1559:
1548:
1542:
1541:
1530:
1524:
1523:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1476:
1470:
1469:
1458:
1452:
1451:
1440:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1414:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1397:FierceHealthcare
1388:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1372:on March 8, 2018
1358:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1332:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1315:
1307:
1301:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1287:. Archived from
1277:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1267:
1246:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1224:
1218:. Archived from
1212:
1161:Rockford lawsuit
1122:Attorney General
1053:Chief executives
1029:rather than the
987:St. Louis County
684:
668:. Evernorth CEO
457:Washington, D.C.
353:St. Louis County
300:
297:
244:
231:
227:
226:
220:
211:
207:
206:
200:
191:
187:
186:
171:
167:
166:
158:Operating income
151:
148:100.065 billion
144:
143:
124:
92:St. Louis County
89:
87:
82:
40:
33:
21:
3002:
3001:
2997:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2992:
2991:
2977:Specialty drugs
2932:
2931:
2928:
2876:
2875:
2866:
2861:
2859:
2852:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2837:
2836:
2831:. 25 June 2018.
2827:
2826:
2822:
2806:
2805:
2801:
2793:
2789:
2780:
2776:
2767:
2765:
2760:
2759:
2755:
2746:
2744:
2734:
2733:
2729:
2720:
2718:
2709:
2708:
2704:
2695:
2693:
2688:
2687:
2683:
2674:
2672:
2668:
2667:
2663:
2654:
2652:
2648:
2647:
2643:
2634:
2632:
2621:
2620:
2616:
2607:
2605:
2601:
2600:
2596:
2587:
2585:
2577:
2576:
2572:
2563:
2561:
2557:
2556:
2552:
2543:
2541:
2537:
2536:
2532:
2523:
2521:
2512:
2511:
2507:
2498:
2496:
2488:
2487:
2483:
2474:
2472:
2463:
2462:
2458:
2445:
2444:
2440:
2427:
2426:
2422:
2413:
2411:
2404:
2400:
2399:
2395:
2382:
2381:
2377:
2364:
2363:
2359:
2350:
2349:
2345:
2336:
2334:
2326:
2322:
2321:
2317:
2308:
2307:
2303:
2294:
2292:
2291:. March 8, 2018
2283:
2282:
2275:
2266:
2264:
2256:
2255:
2251:
2242:
2240:
2231:
2230:
2226:
2217:
2215:
2206:
2205:
2201:
2192:
2190:
2182:Japsen, Bruce.
2181:
2180:
2176:
2166:
2164:
2155:
2154:
2150:
2136:
2135:
2131:
2122:
2120:
2116:
2115:
2111:
2101:
2099:
2090:
2089:
2085:
2075:
2073:
2064:
2063:
2059:
2050:
2049:
2045:
2031:
2030:
2026:
2013:
2012:
2008:
1995:Japsen, Bruce.
1994:
1993:
1989:
1976:
1975:
1971:
1957:
1956:
1952:
1939:Japsen, Bruce.
1938:
1937:
1933:
1924:
1923:
1919:
1905:
1904:
1900:
1891:
1889:
1880:
1879:
1875:
1865:
1863:
1854:
1853:
1849:
1840:
1838:
1830:
1829:
1820:
1805:
1804:
1797:
1788:
1786:
1782:
1781:
1777:
1768:
1766:
1762:
1761:
1757:
1748:
1746:
1742:
1741:
1734:
1724:
1722:
1713:
1712:
1708:
1699:
1697:
1693:
1692:
1688:
1678:
1676:
1671:
1670:
1649:
1640:
1638:
1629:
1628:
1617:
1604:
1603:
1599:
1586:
1585:
1581:
1568:
1567:
1563:
1550:
1549:
1545:
1532:
1531:
1527:
1514:
1513:
1509:
1496:
1495:
1491:
1478:
1477:
1473:
1460:
1459:
1455:
1442:
1441:
1437:
1427:
1425:
1416:
1415:
1411:
1401:
1399:
1390:
1389:
1385:
1375:
1373:
1360:
1359:
1355:
1345:
1343:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1319:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1308:
1304:
1294:
1292:
1279:
1278:
1274:
1265:
1263:
1248:
1247:
1238:
1228:
1226:
1225:on 1 April 2018
1222:
1214:
1213:
1198:
1193:
1184:
1163:
1146:
1114:
1109:
1089:
1080:
1055:
971:
706:
705:Price per Share
701:
696:
691:
678:
651:organizations.
640:In March 2018,
607:
575:, which became
573:CVS Corporation
555:
492:
407:
402:
308:
296:express-scripts
294:
286:
242:
238:
229:
216:
209:
196:
189:
180:
169:
160:
149:
118:
112:
85:
83:
80:
71:
67:Pharmaceuticals
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3000:
2998:
2990:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2934:
2933:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2910:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2872:
2871:
2857:
2841:
2840:External links
2838:
2835:
2834:
2820:
2799:
2787:
2774:
2753:
2727:
2702:
2681:
2661:
2641:
2614:
2594:
2570:
2550:
2530:
2505:
2481:
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2420:
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2343:
2315:
2301:
2273:
2249:
2224:
2199:
2174:
2148:
2129:
2109:
2083:
2057:
2043:
2024:
2006:
1987:
1969:
1950:
1931:
1917:
1898:
1873:
1847:
1818:
1795:
1775:
1755:
1732:
1706:
1686:
1647:
1615:
1597:
1579:
1574:Newspapers.com
1561:
1556:Newspapers.com
1543:
1538:Newspapers.com
1525:
1507:
1502:Newspapers.com
1489:
1471:
1466:Newspapers.com
1453:
1435:
1409:
1383:
1353:
1327:
1314:(PDF download)
1302:
1285:Yahoo! Finance
1272:
1236:
1195:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1183:
1182:Reimbursements
1180:
1162:
1159:
1145:
1142:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1092:Health science
1088:
1085:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1074:
1068:
1062:
1059:
1054:
1051:
970:
967:
964:
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960:
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951:
948:
944:
943:
940:
937:
934:
931:
928:
924:
923:
920:
917:
914:
911:
908:
904:
903:
900:
897:
894:
891:
888:
884:
883:
880:
877:
874:
871:
868:
864:
863:
861:
858:
855:
852:
849:
845:
844:
842:
839:
836:
833:
830:
826:
825:
823:
820:
817:
814:
811:
807:
806:
804:
801:
798:
795:
792:
788:
787:
785:
782:
779:
776:
773:
769:
768:
766:
763:
760:
757:
754:
750:
749:
747:
744:
741:
738:
735:
731:
730:
728:
725:
722:
719:
716:
712:
711:
708:
703:
702:in mil. USD$
698:
697:in mil. USD$
693:
692:in mil. USD$
688:
681:October 2018.
677:
674:
606:
603:
554:
551:
516:Ingersoll-Rand
491:
488:
406:
403:
401:
398:
310:
309:
302:
301:
292:
288:
287:
285:
284:
281:
278:
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266:
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176:
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138:
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133:
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126:
125:
113:
110:
107:
106:
103:
99:
98:
77:
73:
72:
70:
69:
64:
58:
56:
52:
51:
46:
42:
41:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2999:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2885:Research site
2883:
2879:
2874:
2873:
2869:
2858:
2855:
2844:
2839:
2830:
2824:
2821:
2816:
2815:
2810:
2803:
2800:
2797:
2791:
2788:
2784:
2778:
2775:
2763:
2757:
2754:
2742:
2738:
2731:
2728:
2717:
2713:
2706:
2703:
2691:
2685:
2682:
2671:
2665:
2662:
2651:
2645:
2642:
2630:
2629:
2624:
2618:
2615:
2604:
2598:
2595:
2584:
2580:
2574:
2571:
2560:
2554:
2551:
2540:
2534:
2531:
2520:
2516:
2509:
2506:
2495:
2491:
2485:
2482:
2470:
2466:
2460:
2457:
2452:
2448:
2442:
2439:
2434:
2430:
2424:
2421:
2410:
2403:
2397:
2394:
2389:
2385:
2379:
2376:
2371:
2367:
2366:"Cool Valley"
2361:
2358:
2353:
2347:
2344:
2332:
2325:
2319:
2316:
2311:
2305:
2302:
2290:
2286:
2280:
2278:
2274:
2263:
2259:
2253:
2250:
2239:
2235:
2228:
2225:
2214:
2210:
2203:
2200:
2189:
2185:
2178:
2175:
2163:
2159:
2152:
2149:
2144:
2140:
2133:
2130:
2119:
2113:
2110:
2098:
2094:
2087:
2084:
2072:
2068:
2061:
2058:
2053:
2047:
2044:
2039:
2035:
2028:
2025:
2020:
2016:
2010:
2007:
2002:
1998:
1991:
1988:
1983:
1979:
1973:
1970:
1965:
1961:
1958:NathanBomey.
1954:
1951:
1946:
1942:
1935:
1932:
1927:
1921:
1918:
1913:
1909:
1902:
1899:
1888:
1884:
1877:
1874:
1862:
1858:
1851:
1848:
1837:
1833:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1819:
1814:
1813:
1808:
1802:
1800:
1796:
1785:
1779:
1776:
1765:
1759:
1756:
1745:
1739:
1737:
1733:
1721:
1717:
1710:
1707:
1696:
1690:
1687:
1674:
1668:
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1662:
1660:
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1648:
1637:
1633:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1616:
1611:
1607:
1601:
1598:
1593:
1592:money.cnn.com
1589:
1583:
1580:
1575:
1571:
1565:
1562:
1557:
1553:
1547:
1544:
1539:
1535:
1529:
1526:
1521:
1517:
1511:
1508:
1503:
1499:
1493:
1490:
1485:
1481:
1475:
1472:
1467:
1463:
1457:
1454:
1449:
1445:
1439:
1436:
1424:
1420:
1413:
1410:
1398:
1394:
1387:
1384:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1357:
1354:
1341:
1337:
1331:
1328:
1312:
1306:
1303:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1276:
1273:
1262:on 2017-05-20
1261:
1257:
1256:
1251:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1237:
1221:
1217:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1197:
1190:
1188:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1172:
1169:is now suing
1168:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1151:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1134:
1133:Albany County
1130:
1126:
1125:Eliot Spitzer
1123:
1119:
1111:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1086:
1084:
1077:
1072:
1071:Tim Wentworth
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1023:
1021:
1013:
1009:
1007:
1006:Interstate 70
1003:
999:
994:
992:
988:
984:
975:
968:
961:
958:
955:
952:
949:
946:
945:
941:
938:
935:
932:
929:
926:
925:
921:
918:
915:
912:
909:
906:
905:
901:
898:
895:
892:
889:
886:
885:
881:
878:
875:
872:
869:
866:
865:
862:
859:
856:
853:
850:
847:
846:
843:
840:
837:
834:
831:
828:
827:
824:
821:
818:
815:
812:
809:
808:
805:
802:
799:
796:
793:
790:
789:
786:
783:
780:
777:
774:
771:
770:
767:
764:
761:
758:
755:
752:
751:
748:
745:
742:
739:
736:
733:
732:
729:
726:
723:
720:
717:
714:
713:
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
686:
685:
682:
675:
673:
671:
670:Tim Wentworth
667:
662:
659:
657:
652:
650:
645:
643:
638:
636:
632:
628:
623:
619:
616:
612:
604:
602:
600:
596:
591:
589:
585:
580:
578:
574:
570:
565:
562:
560:
552:
550:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
527:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
489:
487:
485:
480:
478:
474:
468:
464:
460:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
429:New York City
426:
421:
419:
415:
410:
404:
399:
397:
394:
392:
387:
383:
381:
377:
372:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
345:
343:
338:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
307:
303:
299:
293:
289:
282:
279:
276:
273:
271:
268:
267:
265:
263:
259:
256:
253:
251:
247:
240:
234:
222:
219:
214:
202:
199:
194:
182:
179:
174:
162:
159:
154:
147:
139:
135:
131:
127:
122:
117:
116:Adam Kautzner
114:
108:
104:
100:
97:
93:
78:
74:
68:
65:
63:
60:
59:
57:
53:
50:
47:
43:
39:
34:
19:
2900:Accredo site
2823:
2812:
2802:
2790:
2777:
2766:. Retrieved
2756:
2745:. Retrieved
2741:the original
2730:
2719:. Retrieved
2715:
2705:
2694:. Retrieved
2684:
2673:. Retrieved
2664:
2653:. Retrieved
2644:
2633:. Retrieved
2628:The Atlantic
2626:
2617:
2606:. Retrieved
2597:
2586:. Retrieved
2582:
2573:
2562:. Retrieved
2553:
2542:. Retrieved
2533:
2522:. Retrieved
2518:
2508:
2497:. Retrieved
2493:
2484:
2473:. Retrieved
2471:. 2013-03-05
2468:
2459:
2451:www.nndb.com
2450:
2441:
2432:
2423:
2412:. Retrieved
2408:
2396:
2387:
2378:
2369:
2360:
2346:
2335:. Retrieved
2331:www.umsl.edu
2330:
2318:
2304:
2293:. Retrieved
2288:
2265:. Retrieved
2261:
2252:
2241:. Retrieved
2237:
2227:
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1892:2020-10-21
1841:2013-11-20
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