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895:. The movement ended after the currency stabilized, making it cheaper to buy movies abroad. The UFA financially collapsed and German studios began to deal with Italian studios which led to their influence in style of horror and films noirs. The American influence on the film industry would also lead some film makers to continue their career in the US. The UFA's last film was
404:
853:, German Expressionist cinema operates as a kind of collective consciousness and a symptomatic manifestation of what they polemically claim to be inherent cultural tendencies of the German nation. Expressionism has also been described as focusing on the "power of spectacles" and offering audiences "a kind of
668:, Hitchcock introduced expressionist set designs, lighting techniques, and trick camera work to the British public against the wishes of his studio. His visual experimentation included the use of an image of a man walking across a glass floor shot from below, a concept representing someone pacing upstairs.
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which embodied high contrast and simple editing. The films were shot in studios where they could employ deliberately exaggerated and dramatic lighting and camera angles to emphasize some particular affect – fear, horror, pain. Aspects of
Expressionist techniques were later adapted by such directors as
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The German
Expressionist movement was initially confined to Germany due to the country's isolation during World War I. In 1916, the government banned foreign films, creating a sharp increase in the demand for domestic film production, from 24 films in 1914 to 130 films in 1918. With inflation also on
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European societies of the 1920s embraced an ethic of change and a willingness to look to the future by experimenting with bold new ideas and artistic styles. The first
Expressionist films, which lacked a generous budget, used set designs with wildly non-realistic, geometrically absurd angles, along
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German silent cinema was arguably far ahead of
Hollywood during the same period. Cinema outside Germany benefited both from the emigration of German film makers and from German expressionist developments in style and technique that were apparent on the screen. The new look and techniques impressed
537:
The extreme anti-realism of
Expressionism was short-lived, fading away after only a few years. The themes of Expressionism were integrated into later films of the 1920s and 1930s, resulting in an artistic control over the placement of scenery, light, etc., to enhance the mood of a film. This dark,
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This film movement paralleled
Expressionist painting and theater in rejecting realism. The creators in the Weimar Period sought to convey inner, subjective experience through external, objective means. Their films were characterized by highly stylized sets and acting; they used a new visual style
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depiction of objective reality, often portraying distorted figures, buildings, and landscapes in a disorienting manner that disregarded the conventions of perspective and proportion. This approach, combined with jagged, stylized shapes and harsh, unnatural colors, were used to convey subjective
301:
German
Expressionism was an artistic movement in the early 20th century that emphasized the artist's inner emotions rather than attempting to replicate reality. German Expressionist films rejected cinematic realism and used visual distortions and hyper-expressive performances to reflect inner
771:
Many critics see a direct tie between cinema and architecture of the time, stating that the sets and scene artwork of
Expressionist films often reveal buildings of sharp angles, great heights, and crowded environments, such as the frequently shown Tower of Babel in Fritz Lang's
440:
International audiences and appreciation for German cinema began to grow as anti-German sentiment decreased following the end of World War I. By the time its 1916 ban on imports on foreign film was lifted, Germany had become a part of the international film industry.
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to create fantastic, nightmarish sets with twisted structures and landscapes with sharp-pointed forms and oblique, curving lines. Some of these designs were constructions, others were painted directly onto canvases.
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A number of artists and craftsmen working in the Berlin theater brought the
Expressionist visual style to the design of stage sets. This, in turn, had an eventual influence on films dealing with fantasy and horror.
659:. The immediate effect of the working environment in Germany can be seen in his expressionistic set designs for that film. Hitchcock later said he "acquired a strong German influence by working at the UFA studios".
514:" topics triggered by the experiences of World War I (as opposed to standard action-adventure and romantic films). Later films often categorized as part of the brief history of German Expressionism include
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ideals turned to dark and proto-totalitarian ends. More recent German
Expressionist scholars examine historical elements influencing German Expressionism, such as the Weimar economy,
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not only encapsulate the sociopolitical contexts in which they were created, but also rework the intrinsically modern problems of self-reflexivity, spectacle and identity.
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with designs painted on walls and floors to represent lights, shadows, and objects. The plots and stories of the Expressionist films often dealt with madness,
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of the 1930s with their dark and artistically designed sets, providing a model for later generations of horror films. Directors such as
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923:. Kracauer examines German cinema from the Silent/Golden Era to support the (controversial) conclusion that German films made prior to
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introduced the Expressionist style to crime dramas of the 1930s and 1940s, expanding Expressionism's influence on modern film making.
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Telotte, J.P. "German Expressionism: A Cinematic/ Cultural Problem" in Traditions in World Cinema. (ed. Badley, et al.), 2006, p.21
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Stylistic elements taken from German Expressionism are common today in films that need not reference contemporary realism, such as
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all hint at the inevitability of Nazi Germany. For Eisner, similarly, German Expressionist cinema is a visual manifestation of
546:. Several German directors and cameramen flourished in Hollywood, producing a repertoire of films that had a profound effect.
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other contemporary film makers, artists and cinematographers, and they began to incorporate the new style into their work.
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the rise, Germans were attending films more freely because they knew that their money's value was constantly diminishing.
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688:. The film uses expressionist techniques of highly symbolic acting and symbolic events to tell its story. The 1998 film
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and were incorporated into many American gangster and horror films. Some of the major filmmakers of this time were
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was a part of several related creative movements in Germany in the early 20th century that reached a peak in
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German Expressionism would continue to influence Hitchcock throughout his career. In his third film,
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The Haunted Screen: Expressionism in the German Cinema and the Influence of Max Reinhardt
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For more on German Expressionism's most singularly important producer and director, see
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appear throughout the canon of German Expressionism. An excellent example of this is
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818:(1920) which is universally recognized as an early classic of Expressionist cinema.
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For additional examples of films made in the German Expressionist style, see:
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739:. The extreme angles of set decor and associated lighting were parodied by
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moody school of filmmaking was brought to the United States when the
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The two most comprehensive studies of German Expressionist film are
822:, the film's art director, worked with painters and stage designers
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Stark, symbolic cinematography and intensely stylized performances
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movement in north and central European culture in fields such as
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Two genres that were especially influenced by Expressionism are
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in his Berlin spy school segment for the 1967 spoof version of
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used stark contrast, rigid movements, and fantastic elements.
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29:
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is an homage to German and Austrian Expressionist filmmakers
901:(1930), considered a masterpiece of German Expressionism.
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to work as an assistant director and art director at the
1135:
Street with No Name: A History of the Classic Film Noir
1352:. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2004. 61–76.
542:
gained power and many German film makers emigrated to
212:'s traumatic aftermath and the slowly dread-inducing
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60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1363:
1040:"What is German Expressionism? A beginner's guide"
1167:, BBC Television 2009, broadcast 28 February 2009
589:in 1931) set the style and mood of the Universal
1370:(1st ed.). University of California Press.
1121:
385:A commemorative plaque for the 1922 silent film
1307:"An Introduction to German Expressionist Films"
1396:"Tim Burton: A German Expressionism Influence"
4443:
1858:
1436:
1100:Henrik Galeen – Films as writer:, Other films
534:reality rather than what was on the surface.
8:
134:
1137:. Lexington: University of Kentucky Press.
870:(1920) from the Goldwyn Pictures press book
834:German Expressionist films produced in the
796:German Expressionist painters rejected the
269:. These developments were part of a larger
4756:
4450:
4436:
4428:
1865:
1851:
1843:
1443:
1429:
1421:
1332:
1330:
864:American newspaper ad for the German film
498:(1923) were highly symbolic and stylized.
140:
133:
27:German art movement during the 1910s–1930s
320:Chiaroscuro § Cinema and photography
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1407:GreenCine primer on German Expressionism
1078:(3rd ed.). McGraw Hill. p. 87.
416:Schatten – Eine nächtliche Halluzination
1237:"Vision of Strangers Dance in His Head"
1006:
465:The Golem: How He Came into the World
444:Among the first Expressionist films,
420:
395:, Germany where some of it was filmed
361:The Golem: How He Came into the World
7:
1235:Rob Blackwelder (13 February 1998).
1157:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1089:
1087:
1085:
58:adding citations to reliable sources
1286:Turner Classic Movies: Film Article
1214:"Alex Proyas – Director, Dark City"
4205:List of American independent films
975:Polish-made 1937 Yiddish-language
358:A poster for the 1920 silent film
25:
1817:American Figurative Expressionism
711:, which was itself influenced by
5025:
5024:
4411:
4402:
4401:
927:'s takeover and the rise of the
402:
378:
351:
328:
34:
857:image of their own situation".
45:needs additional citations for
364:, starring and co-directed by
1:
1259:"Blade Runner vs. Metropolis"
1076:Film History: An Introduction
579:. German film makers such as
69:"German expressionist cinema"
4880:Set in academic institutions
1122:Thompson & Bordwell 2010
677:Nosferatu: Phantom der Nacht
1212:Don Kornits (2 June 1999).
867:The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari
815:The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari
569:of the silent era, such as
453:The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari
263:German expressionist cinema
156:The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari
135:German expressionist cinema
5109:
4952:Indian burial ground trope
4096:Classical Hollywood cinema
3285:Commedia sexy all'italiana
2193:Exploitation film template
2137:Commedia sexy all'italiana
1412:German Expressionist films
1403:, by Sem Lei, 16 June 2015
838:immediately following the
767:Expressionist architecture
756:
316:1920s Berlin § Cinema
309:
227:Classical Hollywood cinema
5020:
4397:
3663:German underground horror
3618:Documentary Film Movement
3526:American eccentric cinema
1165:Looks at Alfred Hitchcock
917:and Siegfried Kracauer's
583:(the cinematographer for
526:(1931), both directed by
312:1918–1933 Weimar Republic
139:
653:near Berlin on the film
576:The Phantom of the Opera
391:in the market square of
167:late 1910s – early 1930s
3598:Cinema of Transgression
2732:Cinema of Transgression
1832:Expressionism (theatre)
1789:Expressionist Sculpture
1350:From Caligari to Hitler
1133:Dickos, Andrew (2002).
986:The Night of the Hunter
920:From Caligari to Hitler
763:Expressionism (theatre)
267:Berlin during the 1920s
3683:Hollywood on the Tiber
1503:Yitzhak Frenkel Frenel
1362:Eisner, Lotte (2008).
1179:Nosferatu: The Vampyre
1015:"German expressionism"
871:
409:A frame from director
4734:First film by country
3673:Grupo Cine Liberación
3613:Czechoslovak New Wave
3608:Commedia all'italiana
1955:Commedia all'italiana
1742:Karl Schmidt-Rottluff
1737:Ernst Ludwig Kirchner
1608:German Expressionism
863:
808:The prime example is
699:science fiction films
639:Gainsborough Pictures
459:From Morn to Midnight
447:The Student of Prague
341:The Student of Prague
5053:German Expressionism
4200:Guerrilla filmmaking
3863:Kitchen sink realism
3818:Praška filmska škola
3748:New French Extremity
3658:German Expressionist
3566:Kitchen sink realism
3431:Contemporary Western
3211:Environmental issues
2742:New French Extremity
2700:New French Extremity
2525:Softcore pornography
2520:Hardcore pornography
2387:New French Extremity
1822:Boston Expressionism
1568:Les Platanes à Céret
1461:Early Expressionists
625:Influence and legacy
413:'s 1923 silent film
153:'s 1920 silent film
54:improve this article
18:Expressionism (film)
5073:Movements in cinema
3936:Children and family
3910:Yugoslav Black Wave
3783:Nuevo Cine Mexicano
3668:Nigerian Golden Age
3633:European art cinema
3536:Australian New Wave
1638:Expressionist dance
1346:Kracauer, Siegfried
812:'s dream-like film
781:Strong elements of
733:Georg Wilhelm Pabst
136:
5068:Culture of Germany
4234:Major film studios
3828:Pure Film Movement
3808:Polish Film School
3708:Italian neorealist
3688:Hong Kong New Wave
3290:Mexican sex comedy
2347:German underground
1473:Matthias Grünewald
1315:. 26 December 2013
1190:on 7 February 2009
983:American thriller
963:Austrian director
915:The Haunted Screen
872:
847:Siegfried Kracauer
647:Babelsberg Studios
5058:Cinema of Germany
5040:
5039:
4992:Exploitation film
4888:
4887:
4542:Postmodern horror
4425:
4424:
4364:Socialist realist
4076:Behind-the-scenes
3853:Socialist realist
3848:Spaghetti Western
3838:Romanian New Wave
3713:Japanese New Wave
3379:Sword and sorcery
3295:Nazi exploitation
2877:Mumbai underworld
2633:Planetary romance
1840:
1839:
1827:Neo-expressionism
1775:Arnold Schoenberg
1701:Wassily Kandinsky
1680:Uri Zvi Greenberg
1513:Amedeo Modigliani
1508:Abraham Mintchine
1282:"Shadows and Fog"
1068:Thompson, Kristin
1044:Movements In Film
680:was a tribute to
563:Universal Studios
260:
259:
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
5100:
5028:
5027:
5012:Vulgar auteurism
4757:
4729:Highest-grossing
4452:
4445:
4438:
4429:
4415:
4405:
4404:
4384:Vulgar auteurism
4212:Interstitial art
4190:Hyperlink cinema
3905:Vulgar auteurism
3900:Toronto New Wave
3890:Telefoni Bianchi
3885:Sword-and-sandal
3703:Italian futurist
3698:Iranian New Wave
3561:British New Wave
3374:Sword-and-sandal
3255:Rape and revenge
3196:Mouth of Garbage
3042:Tentacle erotica
2990:Goona-goona epic
2970:Extraterrestrial
2857:Heroic bloodshed
2491:Occult detective
2322:Christmas horror
2174:Sword-and-sandal
1906:Hong Kong action
1901:Heroic bloodshed
1867:
1860:
1853:
1844:
1692:
1691:Der Blaue Reiter
1652:Rudolf von Laban
1639:
1594:Erich Mendelsohn
1547:Der Blaue Reiter
1490:
1454:
1445:
1438:
1431:
1422:
1416:Internet Archive
1397:
1382:
1381:
1369:
1359:
1353:
1348:. "Caligari" in
1343:
1337:
1334:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1303:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1280:Steffen, James.
1277:
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1255:
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1244:
1232:
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1202:
1197:
1195:
1186:. Archived from
1174:
1168:
1159:
1146:
1131:
1125:
1119:
1113:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1103:. Film Reference
1091:
1080:
1079:
1064:
1055:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1036:
1030:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1011:
877:Alfred Hitchcock
635:Alfred Hitchcock
607:Alfred Hitchcock
422:
406:
382:
355:
344:in a 1913 poster
332:
144:
137:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
5108:
5107:
5103:
5102:
5101:
5099:
5098:
5097:
5043:
5042:
5041:
5036:
5016:
4975:
4884:
4836:
4755:
4715:
4593:
4572:Social thriller
4461:
4456:
4426:
4421:
4393:
4334:Semidocumentary
4259:Minimalist film
4249:Message picture
4244:Maximalist film
4138:Database cinema
4121:Computer screen
4081:Black-and-white
4006:
4004:
4002:
3996:
3914:
3870:Soviet parallel
3793:Parallel cinema
3788:Pan-Indian film
3718:Kammerspielfilm
3653:French New Wave
3573:Budapest school
3556:Brighton School
3531:New Objectivity
3513:
3507:
3476:Science fiction
3108:Bruceploitation
3017:Girls with guns
2963:Turksploitation
2837:Gentleman thief
2753:
2588:Science fiction
2434:Minimalist film
2429:Maximalist film
2407:Science fiction
2367:Japanese horror
2164:Social guidance
1879:
1871:
1841:
1836:
1805:
1784:
1752:
1746:
1715:
1694:
1690:
1684:
1667:
1661:
1637:
1631:
1609:
1603:
1586:
1580:
1554:Carcass of Beef
1527:
1488:
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1452:
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1395:
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1385:
1378:
1361:
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1316:
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1288:
1279:
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1264:
1262:
1261:. 13 April 2015
1257:
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1240:
1234:
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1219:
1217:
1211:
1210:
1206:
1193:
1191:
1184:Rotten Tomatoes
1176:
1175:
1171:
1160:
1149:
1132:
1128:
1120:
1116:
1106:
1104:
1093:
1092:
1083:
1072:Bordwell, David
1066:
1065:
1058:
1048:
1046:
1038:
1037:
1033:
1023:
1021:
1013:
1012:
1008:
1003:
995:Leopold Jessner
957:
907:
898:Der blaue Engel
840:First World War
836:Weimar Republic
769:
755:
724:Shadows and Fog
627:
434:
433:
432:
431:
430:
426:Warning Shadows
407:
398:
397:
396:
383:
374:
373:
372:
356:
347:
346:
345:
333:
322:
308:
299:
297:Characteristics
256:
214:Weimar Republic
201:
159:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5106:
5104:
5096:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5078:Weimar culture
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5045:
5044:
5038:
5037:
5035:
5034:
5021:
5018:
5017:
5015:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4997:Extreme cinema
4994:
4989:
4983:
4981:
4977:
4976:
4974:
4973:
4972:
4971:
4966:
4956:
4955:
4954:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4928:
4927:
4925:archaic mother
4922:
4917:
4907:
4902:
4896:
4894:
4890:
4889:
4886:
4885:
4883:
4882:
4877:
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4789:
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4779:
4774:
4769:
4763:
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4754:
4753:
4752:
4751:
4746:
4736:
4731:
4725:
4723:
4717:
4716:
4714:
4713:
4711:United Kingdom
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4687:
4686:
4676:
4671:
4670:
4669:
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4656:
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4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4538:
4537:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4513:Gothic romance
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4478:Blaxploitation
4475:
4469:
4467:
4463:
4462:
4457:
4455:
4454:
4447:
4440:
4432:
4423:
4422:
4420:
4419:
4409:
4398:
4395:
4394:
4392:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4319:Reverse motion
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4269:Modernist film
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4225:
4224:
4214:
4209:
4208:
4207:
4202:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4161:
4160:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4134:
4133:
4131:midnight movie
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4057:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4021:
4016:
4010:
4008:
3998:
3997:
3995:
3994:
3993:
3992:
3987:
3977:
3976:
3975:
3970:
3960:
3959:
3958:
3953:
3945:
3944:
3943:
3933:
3928:
3922:
3920:
3919:By demographic
3916:
3915:
3913:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3866:
3865:
3858:Social realist
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3813:Poliziotteschi
3810:
3805:
3803:Poetic realist
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3758:New generation
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3733:Modernist film
3730:
3725:
3723:L.A. Rebellion
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3588:Cinéma du look
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3569:
3568:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3517:
3515:
3509:
3508:
3506:
3505:
3504:
3503:
3501:Zapata Western
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3481:Singing cowboy
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3436:Dacoit Western
3433:
3428:
3418:
3417:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3355:
3354:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3317:Shoshimin-eiga
3314:
3313:
3312:
3307:
3305:Nunsploitation
3302:
3300:Pornochanchada
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3246:
3245:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3214:
3213:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3187:
3186:
3185:
3184:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3149:
3148:
3147:
3137:
3136:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3089:
3088:
3083:
3073:
3068:
3067:
3066:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3045:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3013:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2975:Food and drink
2972:
2967:
2966:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2953:Blaxploitation
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2924:
2923:
2918:
2908:
2907:
2906:
2896:
2891:
2890:
2889:
2884:
2882:Poliziotteschi
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2793:
2792:
2787:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2761:
2759:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2751:
2746:
2745:
2744:
2739:
2737:Extreme cinema
2734:
2724:
2723:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2656:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2585:
2584:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2562:
2561:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2535:
2534:
2527:
2522:
2512:
2507:
2506:
2505:
2500:
2499:
2498:
2493:
2478:
2477:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2425:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2317:Chinese horror
2314:
2309:
2304:
2294:
2293:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2262:
2261:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2240:
2239:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2198:
2197:
2196:
2183:
2178:
2177:
2176:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2155:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2129:
2128:
2127:
2126:
2125:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2090:
2089:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2038:
2037:
2036:
2026:
2025:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1963:
1962:
1952:
1947:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1921:
1920:
1910:
1909:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1887:
1885:
1881:
1880:
1872:
1870:
1869:
1862:
1855:
1847:
1838:
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1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1813:
1811:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1803:
1798:
1792:
1790:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1765:Paul Hindemith
1762:
1756:
1754:
1751:Expressionist
1748:
1747:
1745:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1723:
1721:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1697:
1695:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1682:
1677:
1671:
1669:
1666:Expressionist
1663:
1662:
1660:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1643:
1641:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1613:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1601:
1596:
1590:
1588:
1585:Expressionist
1582:
1581:
1579:
1578:
1571:
1564:
1557:
1550:
1543:
1535:
1533:
1529:
1528:
1526:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1494:
1492:
1489:École de Paris
1484:
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1481:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1464:
1462:
1458:
1457:
1450:
1448:
1447:
1440:
1433:
1425:
1419:
1418:
1409:
1404:
1390:
1389:External links
1387:
1384:
1383:
1377:978-0520257900
1376:
1354:
1338:
1326:
1298:
1272:
1250:
1227:
1204:
1169:
1147:
1126:
1114:
1081:
1056:
1031:
1005:
1004:
1002:
999:
991:
990:
989:, made in 1955
981:
973:
970:Westfront 1918
956:
953:
906:
905:Interpretation
903:
824:Walter Reimann
754:
751:
701:(for example,
656:The Blackguard
626:
623:
619:Michael Curtiz
603:Otto Preminger
591:monster movies
411:Arthur Robison
408:
401:
400:
399:
384:
377:
376:
375:
357:
350:
349:
348:
334:
327:
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145:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5105:
5094:
5093:1910s in film
5091:
5089:
5088:1920s in film
5086:
5084:
5083:1930s in film
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5050:
5048:
5033:
5032:
5023:
5022:
5019:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4984:
4982:
4978:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4961:
4960:
4957:
4953:
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4908:
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4903:
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4898:
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4813:
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4805:
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4798:
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4788:
4785:
4783:
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4778:
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4773:
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4758:
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4712:
4709:
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4699:
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4689:
4685:
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4677:
4675:
4672:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4659:
4657:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4647:Expressionism
4645:
4644:
4642:
4638:
4635:
4634:
4632:
4628:
4627:
4623:
4622:
4621:
4618:
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4613:
4609:
4606:
4605:
4603:
4602:
4600:
4596:
4588:
4585:
4584:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4547:Psychological
4545:
4543:
4540:
4536:
4535:
4531:
4530:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4508:Found footage
4506:
4504:
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4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
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4476:
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4314:Postmodernist
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4304:Participatory
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4274:Musical short
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4260:
4257:
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4185:Found footage
4183:
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4132:
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4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4091:Cinéma vérité
4089:
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4082:
4079:
4077:
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4069:
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4064:
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4027:
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4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4011:
4009:
4007:or production
3999:
3991:
3988:
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3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3823:Prussian film
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3768:New Nollywood
3766:
3764:
3763:New Hollywood
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
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3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3583:Cannibal boom
3581:
3579:
3578:Calligrafismo
3576:
3574:
3571:
3567:
3564:
3563:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3546:Berlin School
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3518:
3516:
3510:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3496:Weird Western
3494:
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3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
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3397:
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3353:
3350:
3349:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3327:Slice of life
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3280:Bavarian porn
3278:
3277:
3276:
3275:Sexploitation
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3244:
3241:
3240:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3233:Partisan film
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3212:
3209:
3208:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3201:Muslim social
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3183:
3182:Zombie comedy
3180:
3179:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3157:Giant monster
3155:
3154:
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3146:
3143:
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3141:
3138:
3134:
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3129:
3126:
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3119:
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2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
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2976:
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2964:
2961:
2959:
2958:Mexploitation
2956:
2954:
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2949:
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2941:
2939:
2936:
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2931:
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2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2824:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2812:Coming-of-age
2810:
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2800:
2798:
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2730:
2729:
2728:
2727:Transgressive
2725:
2721:
2718:
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2713:
2711:
2710:Psychological
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
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2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
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2673:
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2671:
2668:
2666:
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2660:Slice of life
2658:
2654:
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2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
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2398:
2397:Psychological
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2372:Korean horror
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2342:Found footage
2340:
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2328:
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2232:
2231:Magic realism
2229:
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2222:
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2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
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2202:
2199:
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2172:
2171:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2147:Sexploitation
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2134:
2133:
2130:
2124:
2121:
2120:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2098:Calligrafismo
2096:
2095:
2094:
2091:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2051:City symphony
2049:
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2042:
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2035:
2032:
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1796:Ernst Barlach
1794:
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1523:Chaïm Soutine
1521:
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1459:
1455:
1453:Expressionism
1446:
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1427:
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1410:
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1308:
1302:
1299:
1287:
1283:
1276:
1273:
1260:
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1239:. SPLICEDwire
1238:
1231:
1228:
1216:. eFilmCritic
1215:
1208:
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1143:0-8131-2243-0
1140:
1136:
1130:
1127:
1124:, p. 91.
1123:
1118:
1115:
1102:
1101:
1096:
1095:Roger Manvell
1090:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1063:
1061:
1057:
1045:
1041:
1035:
1032:
1020:
1016:
1010:
1007:
1000:
998:
997:(1878–1945).
996:
988:
987:
982:
980:
979:
974:
972:
971:
967:'s 1930 film
966:
962:
961:
960:
954:
952:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
921:
916:
912:
904:
902:
900:
899:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
869:
868:
862:
858:
856:
852:
848:
845:According to
843:
841:
837:
832:
829:
828:Walter Röhrig
825:
821:
817:
816:
811:
806:
802:
799:
794:
792:
788:
784:
783:monumentalism
779:
777:
776:
768:
764:
760:
759:Expressionism
752:
750:
749:
747:
746:Casino Royale
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
725:
721:'s 1991 film
720:
716:
715:
710:
709:
705:'s 1982 film
704:
700:
695:
693:
692:
687:
683:
679:
678:
674:'s 1979 film
673:
672:Werner Herzog
669:
667:
666:
660:
658:
657:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
631:
624:
622:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
587:
582:
578:
577:
572:
568:
565:had produced
564:
560:
556:
552:
547:
545:
541:
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529:
525:
524:
519:
518:
513:
509:
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491:
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478:
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467:
466:
461:
460:
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454:
449:
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438:
428:
427:
418:
417:
412:
405:
394:
390:
389:
381:
371:
367:
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354:
343:
342:
337:
331:
321:
317:
313:
305:
303:
296:
294:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
271:Expressionist
268:
264:
253:
250:
248:
245:
243:
240:
238:
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233:
230:
228:
225:
224:
222:
218:
215:
211:
208:
204:
198:
195:
193:
190:
188:
185:
184:
182:
180:Major figures
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
157:
152:
148:
143:
138:
132:
124:
121:
113:
110:December 2009
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
5029:
4920:scream queen
4681:
4662:ghost movies
4646:
4624:
4608:Ozploitation
4567:Supernatural
4532:
4523:Lovecraftian
4153:Experimental
4148:Ethnofiction
3895:Third Cinema
3798:Persian Film
3657:
3541:Auteur films
3512:By movement
3369:Swashbuckler
3228:Ozploitation
3223:Outlaw biker
3103:Martial arts
3098:Magical girl
2948:Exploitation
2943:Ethnographic
2872:Mafia comedy
2515:Pornographic
2392:Psycho-biddy
2377:Lovecraftian
2211:Contemporary
2192:
2186:Exploitation
2181:Experimental
2061:Mockumentary
1930:Biographical
1801:Erich Heckel
1780:Anton Webern
1732:Erich Heckel
1711:Egon Schiele
1675:Ștefan Baciu
1627:Robert Wiene
1622:F. W. Murnau
1587:Architecture
1573:
1566:
1559:
1552:
1545:
1540:Blue Horse I
1538:
1518:Jules Pascin
1498:Marc Chagall
1478:Edvard Munch
1365:
1357:
1349:
1341:
1317:. Retrieved
1310:
1301:
1289:. Retrieved
1285:
1275:
1263:. Retrieved
1253:
1241:. Retrieved
1230:
1218:. Retrieved
1207:
1199:
1192:. Retrieved
1188:the original
1178:
1172:
1161:
1134:
1129:
1117:
1105:. Retrieved
1099:
1075:
1047:. Retrieved
1043:
1034:
1022:. Retrieved
1009:
992:
984:
976:
968:
958:
941:Erich Pommer
918:
914:
911:Lotte Eisner
908:
896:
889:Erich Pommer
885:F. W. Murnau
881:Orson Welles
873:
865:
851:Lotte Eisner
844:
833:
820:Hermann Warm
813:
810:Robert Wiene
807:
803:
798:naturalistic
795:
790:
780:
773:
770:
744:
737:F. W. Murnau
722:
712:
708:Blade Runner
706:
703:Ridley Scott
696:
689:
682:F. W. Murnau
675:
670:
663:
661:
654:
637:was sent by
632:
628:
611:Orson Welles
599:Billy Wilder
584:
574:
567:horror films
559:Carl Laemmle
548:
536:
521:
515:
512:intellectual
500:
493:
492:(1922), and
487:
481:
475:
469:
463:
457:
451:
445:
443:
439:
435:
424:
414:
386:
366:Paul Wegener
359:
339:
336:Paul Wegener
300:
275:architecture
262:
261:
197:Robert Wiene
192:F. W. Murnau
164:Years active
154:
151:Robert Wiene
147:Conrad Veidt
131:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
5063:Film theory
5007:Video nasty
4652:Underground
4598:Territories
4459:Horror film
4379:Video nasty
4374:Underground
4359:Slow cinema
4329:Sceneggiata
4217:Live action
4195:Independent
4175:Film à clef
4143:Docufiction
4111:Compilation
4086:Blockbuster
4054:Traditional
4049:Stop-motion
3985:Chick flick
3843:Slow cinema
3833:Remodernist
3648:Free Cinema
3628:Erra Cinema
3593:Cinema Novo
3471:Revisionist
2980:Gendai-geki
2916:Psychedelic
2904:Apocalyptic
2770:Beach party
2665:Slow cinema
2638:Space opera
2603:Fantastique
2474:Sceneggiata
2464:Musicarello
2337:Fantastique
2216:Fantastique
2159:Educational
2086:Video essay
2041:Documentary
1770:Marij Kogoj
1727:Fritz Bleyl
1657:Mary Wigman
1647:Pina Bausch
1312:artnet News
1163:Paul Merton
1145:, pp. 9–34.
965:G. W. Pabst
929:Third Reich
753:Set designs
719:Woody Allen
581:Karl Freund
551:horror film
520:(1927) and
510:and other "
302:conflicts.
252:silent film
247:Kammerspiel
5047:Categories
5002:Grindhouse
4959:Characters
4937:Disability
4932:Jump scare
4915:final girl
4721:Film lists
4604:Australia
4299:Paracinema
4284:Neorealist
4279:Mythopoeia
4264:Mockbuster
4229:Low-budget
4170:Featurette
4003:technique,
4001:By format,
3880:Surrealist
3875:Structural
3753:New German
3743:Neorealist
3738:Mumblecore
3678:Heimatfilm
3638:Film d'art
3603:Cinéma pur
3337:South Seas
3310:Sex report
2576:Paranormal
2539:Propaganda
2439:Mumblecore
2226:Historical
2108:Historical
1997:Remarriage
1987:Mo lei tau
1810:Influenced
1760:Alban Berg
1720:Die Brücke
1706:Franz Marc
1668:Literature
1617:Fritz Lang
1599:Bruno Taut
1575:The Scream
1319:20 January
1291:7 February
1001:References
978:The Dybbuk
893:Fritz Lang
801:emotions.
791:Metropolis
775:Metropolis
757:See also:
741:Ken Hughes
729:Fritz Lang
714:Metropolis
665:The Lodger
615:Carol Reed
595:Fritz Lang
571:Lon Chaney
528:Fritz Lang
517:Metropolis
370:Carl Boese
310:See also:
220:Influenced
206:Influences
187:Fritz Lang
80:newspapers
4848:Anthology
4760:By decade
4749:Malayalam
4674:Indonesia
4667:Bollywood
4637:Extremity
4493:Christmas
4466:Subgenres
4289:No-budget
4254:Meta-film
4222:animation
4180:Film-poem
4116:Composite
4061:Anthology
4024:Animation
4019:Actuality
4005:approach,
3773:New Queer
3693:Indiewood
3643:Film gris
3514:or period
3491:Spaghetti
3414:Submarine
3394:Vigilante
3359:Superhero
3113:Chopsocky
3059:Jidaigeki
2928:Dystopian
2827:Detective
2785:Buddy cop
2775:Body swap
2705:Political
2685:Financial
2648:Tokusatsu
2643:Steampunk
2559:Bromantic
2531:Malayalam
2510:Crossover
2486:Detective
2454:Backstage
2402:Religious
2258:Tech noir
2253:Pulp noir
2243:Film noir
2118:Melodrama
2056:Docudrama
2029:Cyberpunk
2022:Slapstick
2012:Screwball
1972:Gross out
1935:Christian
1913:Adventure
1610:in Cinema
1532:Paintings
1265:3 October
949:Hollywood
855:metonymic
787:Modernism
691:Dark City
686:1922 film
633:In 1924,
555:film noir
544:Hollywood
532:emotional
483:Nosferatu
388:Nosferatu
287:sculpture
232:film noir
5031:Category
4969:villains
4706:Thailand
4643:Germany
4626:Jiangshi
4615:Cambodia
4562:Splatter
4488:Cannibal
4473:Arthouse
4407:Category
4294:One-shot
4158:Abstract
4044:Computer
3728:Lettrist
3623:Dogme 95
3551:Bourekas
3521:Absolute
3461:Northern
3456:Meat pie
3409:Euro War
3404:Anti-war
3270:Rumberas
3191:Mountain
3093:Luchador
3049:Homeland
3037:Shotacon
3010:Suburban
2938:Economic
2899:Disaster
2832:Gangster
2807:Colonial
2797:Cannibal
2758:By theme
2715:Romantic
2670:Thriller
2628:New Wave
2623:Military
2581:Thriller
2549:Romantic
2496:Whodunit
2469:Operetta
2449:Arthouse
2417:Splatter
2312:Cannibal
2302:Arthouse
2285:Suburban
2275:Southern
2248:Neo-noir
2152:Thriller
2046:Animated
2034:Japanese
2002:Romantic
1992:Thriller
1918:Survival
1896:Arthouse
1884:By style
1468:El Greco
1194:23 April
1107:23 April
1074:(2010).
955:See also
933:Romantic
508:betrayal
504:insanity
495:Schatten
486:(1922),
480:(1921),
474:(1920),
468:(1920),
462:(1920),
456:(1920),
450:(1913),
283:painting
237:gangster
172:Location
4987:B movie
4980:Related
4900:History
4870:Natural
4841:By type
4633:France
4620:Chinese
4557:Slasher
4552:Satanic
4528:Monster
4518:Holiday
4389:Z movie
4165:Feature
4101:Collage
4071:B movie
4039:Cartoon
3778:No wave
3446:Florida
3441:Fantasy
3421:Western
3364:Surfing
3352:Eurospy
3322:Slavery
3172:Vampire
3152:Monster
3123:Kung fu
3064:Samurai
3032:Lolicon
3000:Romance
2847:Gong'an
2817:Concert
2802:Chicano
2765:Animals
2653:Western
2608:Fantasy
2566:Fantasy
2544:Reality
2481:Mystery
2459:Jukebox
2444:Musical
2422:Satanic
2412:Slasher
2382:Natural
2362:Holiday
2270:Romance
2236:Science
2201:Fantasy
2103:Dramedy
1967:Dramedy
1561:Pierrot
1414:at the
1401:YouTube
945:Nordisk
651:Potsdam
586:Dracula
489:Phantom
477:Destiny
471:Genuine
306:History
175:Germany
94:scholar
4910:Gender
4893:Topics
4875:Sci-fi
4853:Comedy
4739:Indian
4701:Mexico
4683:Giallo
4678:Italy
4658:India
4587:comedy
4582:Zombie
4498:Comedy
4417:Portal
4354:Silent
4344:Shinpa
4339:Serial
4324:Satire
4309:Poetry
4239:Masala
3968:Shōnen
3951:Seinen
3466:Ostern
3451:Horror
3384:Travel
3342:Sports
3265:Rubble
3238:Prison
3206:Nature
3177:Zombie
3118:Gun fu
3054:Isekai
3027:Hentai
2995:Gothic
2921:Stoner
2887:Yakuza
2842:Gokudō
2790:Female
2720:Techno
2690:Giallo
2680:Erotic
2675:Comedy
2618:Horror
2613:Gothic
2598:Comedy
2571:Gothic
2554:Comedy
2503:Giallo
2357:Giallo
2327:Comedy
2297:Horror
2265:Gothic
2206:Comedy
2132:Erotic
2123:Korean
2081:Travel
2071:Pseudo
2017:Silent
1982:Parody
1977:Horror
1945:Action
1940:Comedy
1891:Action
1877:genres
1374:
1243:6 July
1220:6 July
1141:
1049:5 June
1024:5 June
947:, and
925:Hitler
891:, and
765:, and
645:owned
421:a.k.a.
393:Wismar
318:, and
291:cinema
242:horror
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
4964:hosts
4905:Score
4865:Ghost
4832:2020s
4827:2010s
4822:2000s
4817:1990s
4812:1980s
4807:1970s
4802:1960s
4797:1950s
4792:1940s
4787:1930s
4782:1920s
4777:1910s
4772:1900s
4767:1890s
4744:Hindi
4696:Korea
4691:Japan
4534:Kaiju
4369:Sound
4349:Short
4106:Color
4029:Anime
3990:Josei
3980:Women
3973:Shōjo
3941:Anime
3931:Black
3926:Adult
3486:Space
3389:Trial
3332:Snuff
3243:Women
3218:Opera
3167:Mummy
3162:Kaiju
3145:Anime
3140:Mecha
3133:Wuxia
3128:Ninja
3076:LGBTQ
3071:Kaitō
3022:Harem
3005:Space
2985:Ghost
2933:Ecchi
2894:Dance
2867:Mafia
2852:Heist
2822:Crime
2780:Buddy
2749:Trick
2695:Legal
2352:Ghost
2290:Urban
2280:Space
2113:Legal
2093:Drama
2066:Mondo
1950:Black
1753:Music
540:Nazis
279:dance
101:JSTOR
87:books
4947:Race
4942:LGBT
4577:Teen
4503:Folk
4483:Body
4126:Cult
3963:Teen
3956:Stag
3947:Men
3426:Acid
3260:Road
3250:Race
3086:Yuri
3081:Yaoi
2911:Drug
2862:Hood
2307:Body
2221:High
2191:see
2169:Epic
2142:Pink
2076:Semi
1960:Sexy
1874:Film
1372:ISBN
1321:2017
1293:2017
1267:2016
1245:2007
1222:2007
1196:2009
1139:ISBN
1109:2009
1051:2023
1026:2023
1019:Tate
879:and
849:and
826:and
785:and
735:and
617:and
561:and
553:and
368:and
289:and
73:news
4858:Eco
4066:Art
4034:Art
3399:War
3347:Spy
2593:Art
2332:Eco
2007:Sex
1925:Art
1399:on
937:UFA
913:'s
717:).
684:'s
649:in
643:UFA
573:'s
338:as
210:WWI
149:in
56:by
5049::
4014:3D
1329:^
1309:.
1284:.
1198:.
1182:.
1150:^
1097:.
1084:^
1070:;
1059:^
1042:.
1017:.
951:.
943:,
939:,
887:,
778:.
761:,
731:,
613:,
609:,
605:,
601:,
597:,
557:.
506:,
423:,
314:,
293:.
285:,
281:,
277:,
4451:e
4444:t
4437:v
2533:)
2529:(
1866:e
1859:t
1852:v
1444:e
1437:t
1430:v
1380:.
1323:.
1295:.
1269:.
1247:.
1224:.
1111:.
1053:.
1028:.
748:.
523:M
429:)
419:(
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
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