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If we say with
Descartes that extension is body, do we not manifestly offer a path to Atheism, both because extension is not a creature but has existed eternally, and because we have an absolute Idea of it without any relationship to God, and therefore we are able to conceive of it as existent while
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as for instance is plain from this, that they would easily concede extension to be a substance like a body if only it could move and could exercise the actions of a body; and on the other hand, they would by no means concede a body to be a substance if it neither could move nor arouse any sensation
107:" (a reference to atomism), all of which he repudiates. Instead he proposes that extension "has a certain mode of existence of its own, which agrees neither with substances nor accidents." After struggling with this question, Newton provides perhaps one of the clearest definitions of extension
39:' spear analogy for the infinity of space. How far can one's hand or spear stretch out until it reaches the edge of reality? "If I arrived at the outermost edge of the heaven, could I extend my hand or staff into what is outside or not? It would be paradoxical not to be able to extend it."
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refers to the idea that extension, or quantity, when divided and further divided infinitely, cannot reach the point of zero quantity. It can be divided into very small or negligible quantity but not zero or no quantity at all. Using a mathematical approach, specifically geometric models,
168:, who says that substance (that which has extension) can be limited only by substance of the same sort, i.e. matter cannot be limited by ideas and vice versa. From this principle, he determines that substance is infinite. This infinite substance is what Spinoza calls
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and
Descartes discussed the infinite divisibility of extension. Actual divisibility may be limited due to unavailability of cutting instruments, but its possibility of breaking into smaller pieces is infinite.
143:, defined extension as "only the Space that lies between the Extremities of those solid coherent Parts" of a body. It is the space possessed by a body. Locke refers to the extension in conjunction with
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turns to the question of what the nature of the "immobile being"—space or extension itself, distinguished from body—was. He raises three possible definitions for extension: as a kind of
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that of anything whatsoever; but extension does not require a subject in which it "inheres", as a property; and it can be conceived as existent without presupposing any
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philosophers, is impossible; according to this view, only spirits or spiritualized matter can occupy a place occupied already by an entity (matter or spirit)
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228:." This has opened a wide channel of new research at the nexus of epistemology, philosophy of mind, cognitive and neuro-science, dynamic
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28:) as well as later 'taking up space', and most recently, spreading one's internal mental cognition into the external world.
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defined extension as the property of existing in more than one dimension, a property that was later followed up in
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which lead Stein to conclude Newton's conception of Space, the existence of space, or extension,
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refers to two or more extensions occupying the same space at the same time. This, according to
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thing, God included. On the other hand, it is an "affection of every being."
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After rejecting
Cartesian identification of body with extension,
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Extension also plays an important part in the philosophy of
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Newton's metaphysics: The
Cambridge Companion to Newton
103:: anything that can be predicated of substance); or "
346:An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, Volume 1
326:An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, Volume 1
232:, science, technology & innovation studies.
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59:. For Descartes, the primary characteristic of
156:the other primary characteristics of matter.
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67:), just as the primary characteristic of
24:signifies both 'stretching out' (Latin:
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140:An Essay Concerning Human Understanding
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308:or perception in any mind whatever.
99:(a standard philosophical term for
272:The Fragments of the Pre-Socratics
216:In more recent work, philosophers
113:feigning the non-existence of God?
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57:Grassmann's n-dimensional algebra
35:can be traced back at least to
31:The history of thinking about
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349:. B. Smith. pp. 131–132.
303:10.1017/cco9781139058568.010
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295:Cambridge University Press
329:. B. Smith. p. 131.
372:Metaphysical properties
367:Metaphysics of science
289:Stein, Howard (2016).
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185:Infinite divisibility
180:Infinite divisibility
212:Extended mind thesis
224:in 1998 published "
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226:The Extended Mind
190:Gottfried Leibniz
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105:simply nothing
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63:is extension (
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341:Locke, John
321:Locke, John
65:res extensa
18:metaphysics
361:Categories
258:References
222:Andy Clark
206:scholastic
135:John Locke
124:particular
101:attribute
93:substance
48:Descartes
33:extension
22:extension
343:(1816).
323:(1816).
236:See also
146:solidity
97:accident
37:Archytas
26:extensio
160:Spinoza
73:thought
43:History
174:nature
89:Newton
83:Newton
61:matter
137:, in
130:Locke
242:Mass
220:and
149:and
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299:doi
170:God
79:).
71:is
16:In
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279:^
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