305:. It is the interplay between concentrations of Da, AS-C, and Emc proteins that determines whether or not a cell will become an SMC, and later on an SO. In this way, "Emc provides positional information for SO patterning."
665:
670:
33:
267:
become SMCs is vital to neural development. This transition is caused by the Da and AS-C genes, which are transcription factors with the
447:
501:
Campuzano S (December 2001). "Emc, a negative HLH regulator with multiple functions in
Drosophila development".
419:
260:
has been selected to become an SMC, it will go on to mature into an SO. Therefore, the regulation of which
105:
316:
290:
286:
278:
268:
200:
250:
240:
204:
273:
584:
468:
415:
411:
379:
302:
218:
196:
426:. As females have twice the amount of Sc as males, they can overcome this obstacle and express the
120:
350:
324:
641:
600:
557:
518:
631:
592:
549:
510:
312:
308:
222:
75:
588:
537:
371:
264:
257:
188:
319:
of proneural cell-clusters by restricting the expression of AS-C proteins to only the
659:
460:
387:
298:
261:
254:
214:
311:
pathway, as the lack of Notch causes an excess of neural cells while "constitutive
113:, which has a wide variety of developmental roles. It was named, as is common for
289:, meaning they have restricted distribution. The Emc protein itself is a Class V
281:, meaning it has generalized distribution, whereas the AS-C proteins (made by the
307:
The levels of each of these proneural proteins is likely to be regulated by the
85:
456:
423:
400:
375:
344:
320:
245:
227:
151:
129:
115:
51:
575:
Artavanis-Tsakonas S, Matsuno K, Fortini ME (April 1995). "Notch signaling".
636:
619:
596:
156:
561:
522:
514:
645:
604:
171:
designation is Dmel_emc, and its location is at 3L:749,406..753,505 . 86
56:
315:...suppresses neural differentiation." Notch has been shown to mediate
293:
due to its lack of the basic region and consequential inability to bind
620:"Regulation of scute function by extramacrochaete in vitro and in vivo"
472:
184:
168:
124:
110:
553:
383:
359:
172:
164:
119:
genes, after the phenotypic change caused by a mutation in the gene (
443:
392:
464:
407:
396:
367:
363:
160:
297:. The interaction between Da or AS-C proteins with Emc to form
538:"Notch signaling: control of cell communication and cell fate"
339:
294:
192:
414:. Specifically, Emc proteins inactivate the Sc protein (a
221:. In this way, the Emc protein can have an effect on the
203:
domain-containing proteins, such as the products of the
149:
gene is located near the tip of the left arm of the 3rd
471:. Similar processes are also likely to exist in other
217:
that inactivate the target protein, which is usually a
618:
Cabrera CV, Alonso MC, Huikeshoven H (December 1994).
191:
without the basic region, making it unable to bind to
467:
protein and therefore inhibiting its abilities as a
199:. It does, however, have the ability to bind other
81:
71:
66:
50:
42:
28:
23:
18:
370:will be expressed is determined by the ratio of
386:assesses this ratio by the difference between
358:) gene; more precisely, it is turned 'on' in
8:
496:
494:
492:
490:
488:
63:
635:
484:
271:domains. The Da protein (made by the
15:
7:
179:Emc interactions with other proteins
455:) gene, which negatively regulates
249:arise from cell-clusters known as
14:
327:cells to cease expression of the
323:, while causing the surrounding
438:Early support for the role of
434:Similarity to vertebrate genes
155:chromosome. It is about 4100
1:
666:Drosophila melanogaster genes
348:is determined in part by the
269:basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)
671:Animal developmental biology
448:Inhibitor of differentiation
109:gene that codes for the Emc
399:product, which is on the X-
285:gene complex) are Class II
687:
301:renders them inactive as
235:Emc in neural development
62:
410:product, which is on an
335:Emc in sex determination
100:extramachrochaetae (emc)
637:10.1242/dev.120.12.3595
597:10.1126/science.7716513
366:. Whether or not this
187:has a helix-loop-helix
106:Drosophila melanogaster
35:Drosophila melanogaster
515:10.1038/sj.onc.1205162
201:basic helix-loop-helix
536:Lai EC (March 2004).
380:autosomal chromosomes
317:lateral specification
303:transcription factors
225:of many genes during
469:transcription factor
416:transcription factor
412:autosomal chromosome
251:sensory mother cells
241:extra sensory organs
219:transcription factor
197:transcription factor
175:have been reported.
159:long, including two
589:1995Sci...268..225A
422:of genes on the X-
19:extra-macrochaetae
554:10.1242/dev.01074
274:daughterless gene
253:(SMCs). Once an
95:
94:
91:
90:
678:
650:
649:
639:
630:(12): 3595–603.
615:
609:
608:
583:(5208): 225–32.
572:
566:
565:
533:
527:
526:
509:(58): 8299–307.
498:
64:
38:
16:
686:
685:
681:
680:
679:
677:
676:
675:
656:
655:
654:
653:
617:
616:
612:
574:
573:
569:
535:
534:
530:
500:
499:
486:
481:
436:
372:sex chromosomes
337:
313:Notch signaling
309:Notch signaling
306:
277:) is a Class I
237:
223:gene expression
181:
143:
123:are the longer
32:
12:
11:
5:
684:
682:
674:
673:
668:
658:
657:
652:
651:
610:
567:
528:
483:
482:
480:
477:
442:came from the
435:
432:
388:concentrations
336:
333:
236:
233:
189:protein domain
180:
177:
142:
135:
93:
92:
89:
88:
83:
79:
78:
73:
69:
68:
60:
59:
54:
48:
47:
44:
40:
39:
30:
26:
25:
21:
20:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
683:
672:
669:
667:
664:
663:
661:
647:
643:
638:
633:
629:
625:
621:
614:
611:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
571:
568:
563:
559:
555:
551:
548:(5): 965–73.
547:
543:
539:
532:
529:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
497:
495:
493:
491:
489:
485:
478:
476:
474:
470:
466:
462:
459:by forming a
458:
454:
450:
449:
445:
441:
433:
431:
429:
425:
421:
420:transcription
417:
413:
409:
406:
402:
398:
395:
394:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
362:and 'off' in
361:
357:
353:
352:
347:
346:
341:
334:
332:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
275:
270:
266:
263:
262:imaginal disc
259:
256:
255:imaginal disc
252:
248:
247:
242:
234:
232:
231:development.
230:
229:
224:
220:
216:
212:
209:
207:
206:achaete-scute
202:
198:
195:and act as a
194:
190:
186:
178:
176:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
153:
148:
140:
136:
134:
132:
131:
126:
122:
118:
117:
112:
108:
107:
102:
101:
87:
84:
80:
77:
74:
70:
65:
61:
58:
55:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
36:
31:
27:
22:
17:
627:
623:
613:
580:
576:
570:
545:
541:
531:
506:
502:
452:
446:
439:
437:
427:
404:
391:
355:
349:
343:
338:
328:
287:HLH proteins
282:
272:
244:
238:
226:
210:
205:
182:
150:
146:
144:
138:
128:
121:macrochaetae
114:
104:
99:
98:
96:
34:
624:Development
542:Development
461:heterodimer
418:) and stop
376:chromosomes
291:HLH protein
279:HLH protein
76:Swiss-model
24:Identifiers
660:Categories
479:References
457:myogenesis
424:chromosome
403:, and the
401:chromosome
382:. The fly
351:Sex lethal
345:Drosophila
325:dermoblast
321:neuroblast
246:Drosophila
228:Drosophila
213:, to form
157:base pairs
152:Drosophila
130:Drosophila
116:Drosophila
72:Structures
67:Search for
463:with the
331:complex.
243:(SOs) in
97:The gene
562:14973298
523:11840322
503:Oncogene
183:The Emc
163:and one
125:bristles
86:InterPro
29:Organism
646:7821225
605:7716513
585:Bibcode
577:Science
473:mammals
390:of the
360:females
208:complex
185:protein
173:alleles
169:FlyBase
167:. Its
111:protein
82:Domains
52:UniProt
644:
603:
560:
521:
430:gene.
384:embryo
299:dimers
215:dimers
211:(ac-s)
165:intron
57:P18491
43:Symbol
444:mouse
393:scute
378:) to
364:males
265:cells
161:exons
103:is a
642:PMID
601:PMID
558:PMID
519:PMID
465:MyoD
408:gene
397:gene
368:gene
329:as-c
283:as-c
258:cell
239:The
145:The
141:gene
137:The
632:doi
628:120
593:doi
581:268
550:doi
546:131
511:doi
440:emc
428:Sxl
405:emc
374:(X-
356:Sxl
342:in
340:Sex
295:DNA
193:DNA
147:emc
139:emc
133:).
127:on
46:emc
662::
640:.
626:.
622:.
599:.
591:.
579:.
556:.
544:.
540:.
517:.
507:20
505:.
487:^
475:.
453:Id
648:.
634::
607:.
595::
587::
564:.
552::
525:.
513::
451:(
354:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.