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195:. Nevertheless, recent work in a pair of preprints claims it contains a error and therefore extremal black hole are indeed possible. The third law of thermodynamics for black holes has always been
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that the entropy of an extremal black hole is equal to zero. Carroll explains the lack of entropy by creating a separate dimension for the black hole to exist within.
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The concept of an extremal black hole is theoretical and none have thusfar been observed in nature. However, many theories are based on their existence.
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The
Hawking radiation of extremal black holes is considered non-thermal (non-Planck distributed), with no associated temperature.
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The third law of black hole thermodynamics should disallow such an extremal black hole and in 1986 a proof was published by
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is super-extremal (having more charge and angular momentum than a black hole of its mass "should").
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theories, extremal black holes are often supersymmetric: they are invariant under several
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Event horizon gluing and black hole formation in vacuum: the very slowly rotating case
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584:"Mathematicians Prove Hawking Wrong About 'Extremal' Black Holes"
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with the minimum possible mass that is compatible with its
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Extremal black hole formation as a critical phenomenon
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Good, Michael (2020). "Extremal
Hawking Radiation".
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378:(2009). "Extremal limits and black hole entropy".
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553:Kehle, Christoph; Unger, Ryan (2024-02-15),
523:Kehle, Christoph; Unger, Ryan (2023-04-17),
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159:. Such black holes are stable and emit no
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109:Learn how and when to remove this message
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47:adding citations to reliable sources
328:(1973). "Black Holes and Entropy".
1621:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
262:"Supersymmetry as a cosmic censor"
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870:Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff limit
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987:Innermost stable circular orbit
155:. This is a consequence of the
34:needs additional citations for
1413:Timeline of black hole physics
380:Journal of High Energy Physics
209:Black hole information paradox
1:
1181:Nonsingular black hole models
410:10.1088/1126-6708/2009/11/109
1403:Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer
1368:Hypercompact stellar system
1358:Gamma-ray burst progenitors
463:10.1103/PhysRevD.101.104050
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960:Gravitational singularity
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565:10.48550/arXiv.2402.10190
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484:Israel, W. (1986-07-28).
214:Black hole thermodynamics
174:It has been suggested by
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1469:SDSS J150243.09+111557.3
1002:Blandford–Znajek process
296:10.1103/PhysRevD.46.5278
219:Near-extremal black hole
1673:Stellar astronomy stubs
800:Active galactic nucleus
620:=2 extremal black holes
490:Physical Review Letters
374:; Johnson, Matthew C.;
350:10.1103/PhysRevD.7.2333
234:Positive energy theorem
229:Trans-Planckian problem
1617:-related article is a
1428:Tidal disruption event
1398:Supermassive dark star
1316:Black holes in fiction
1301:Outline of black holes
934:Supermassive dark star
853:Gravitational collapse
612:Extremal RN Black Hole
1306:Black Hole Initiative
1119:Holographic principle
167:can be calculated in
58:"Extremal black hole"
1109:Final parsec problem
1068:Schwarzschild radius
326:Bekenstein, Jacob D.
43:improve this article
1408:Superluminal motion
1383:Population III star
1353:Gravitational waves
1311:Black hole starship
1094:Information paradox
455:2020PhRvD.101j4050G
402:2009JHEP...11..109C
342:1973PhRvD...7.2333B
288:1992PhRvD..46.5278K
186:black hole electron
127:extremal black hole
123:theoretical physics
1683:Astrophysics stubs
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99:December 2009
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60: –
59:
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54:Find sources:
48:
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32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
1623:expanding it
1612:
1597:
1489:PKS 1302-102
1363:Gravity well
1331:Compact star
1285:Microquasars
1270:Most massive
1174:Alternatives
939:X-ray binary
858:Neutron star
795:Supermassive
772:Hawking star
762:
713:Supermassive
617:
592:. Retrieved
590:. 2024-08-21
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568:, retrieved
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538:, retrieved
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330:Phys. Rev. D
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176:Sean Carroll
173:
153:supercharges
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41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1668:Black holes
1479:Centaurus A
1433:Planet Nine
1336:Exotic star
1265:Black holes
1211:Planck star
1160:Kerr–Newman
875:White dwarf
825:Radio-Quiet
783:Microquasar
656:Black holes
386:(11): 109.
1662:Categories
1615:black hole
1529:Q0906+6930
1519:Hercules A
1449:Cygnus X-1
1418:White hole
1393:Quasi-star
1346:Preon star
1341:Quark star
1326:Big Bounce
1186:Black star
1144:Derivation
992:Ergosphere
948:Properties
929:Quasi-star
919:Quark star
830:Radio-Loud
718:Primordial
708:Kugelblitz
594:2024-08-27
570:2024-08-27
540:2024-08-27
446:2003.07016
131:black hole
69:newspapers
1554:AT2018hyz
1201:Gravastar
1191:Dark star
1024:Microlens
897:Hypernova
892:Micronova
887:Supernova
841:Formation
510:0031-9007
471:212725670
393:0901.0931
358:122636624
157:BPS bound
1577:Category
1464:A0620-00
1423:Wormhole
1321:Big Bang
1221:Fuzzball
1104:ER = EPR
970:Theorems
768:Electron
763:Extremal
693:Rotating
418:73604121
312:15736500
304:10014916
203:See also
163:. Their
1587:Commons
1549:P172+18
1504:TON 618
1442:Notable
1294:Related
1280:Quasars
1275:Nearest
1235:Analogs
1165:Hayward
1133:Metrics
778:Stellar
703:Virtual
698:Charged
667:Outline
451:Bibcode
398:Bibcode
338:Bibcode
284:Bibcode
83:scholar
1524:3C 273
1514:NeVe 1
1494:OJ 287
1216:Q star
1082:Issues
815:Blazar
805:Quasar
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135:charge
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1613:This
1257:Lists
758:Micro
728:Rogue
676:Types
467:S2CID
441:arXiv
414:S2CID
388:arXiv
354:S2CID
308:S2CID
274:arXiv
240:Notes
129:is a
125:, an
90:JSTOR
76:books
1619:stub
1226:Geon
1150:Kerr
751:Size
506:ISSN
384:2009
300:PMID
137:and
62:news
820:OVV
810:LQG
561:doi
531:doi
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