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448:. The main outlet glaciers are to the north: Gígjökull, flowing into Lónið, and Steinsholtsjökull, flowing into Steinsholtslón. In 1967, there was a massive landslide on the Steinsholtsjökull glacial tongue. On 16 January 1967 at 13:47:55 there was an explosion on the glacier. It can be timed because the seismometers at
969:, did not occur under the glacier and was smaller in scale than had been expected by some geologists. The eruption consisted of 15 lava fountains reaching heights of up to 185 meters. The fissure opened on the north side of Fimmvörðuháls, directly across the popular hiking trail between Skógar, south of the pass, and
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been concerned about the general instability of Katla since 1999. Some geophysicists in
Iceland believe that the Eyjafjallajökull eruption may trigger an eruption of Katla, which would cause major flooding due to melting of glacial ice and send up massive plumes of ash. On 20 April 2010, Icelandic President
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Volcanologists continue to monitor Katla, aware that any eruption from Katla following an eruption from
Eyjafjallajökull has historically occurred within months of an Eyjafjallajökull eruption. The Icelandic Meteorological Office updates its website with reports of quakes at both Eyjafjallajökull and
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Working with the
Icelandic Meteorological Office in Reykjavik, the scientists have installed five sensor arrays across the island to monitor infrasound waves from multiple volcanoes. Among them is the infamous Eyjafjallajökull, whose last eruption, in 2010, shut down air traffic across northwestern
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and its large magma chamber. Each of the eruptions of
Eyjafjallajökull in 920, 1612, and 1821–1823 has preceded an eruption of Katla. Katla did not display any unusual activity (such as expansion of the crust or seismic activity) during the 2010 eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull, though geologists have
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In total, the 2010 eruptions generated about 0.27 cubic km (270,000,000 cubic metres) of tephra, causing ash fallout over central southern
Iceland and parts of continental Europe. Nearby areas saw an ash layer of up to several centimeters, and surrounding glaciers saw a significant albedo reduction
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declared the eruption to have stopped on the 23rd of May 2010, but stated that they were continuing to monitor the volcano. As a direct result of this disruption being viewed by some as excessive, new standards for the closure of airspace as a result of air contamination by dust/ash were agreed
1015:. Pulsating explosive activity on 17 April 2010 was later understood to be due to periodic clogging/plugging of the conduit associated with the rise and degassing of more magma. This second eruption threw volcanic ash several kilometres up in the atmosphere, which led to
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3 radial fissure eruption while the subsequent 1612 and 1821 eruptions were VEI 2 small summit eruptions. In the case of the 1821 eruption, a short explosive phase in
December 1821 was followed by a year of intermittent explosive to effusive activity.
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1452:
Schleicher, N.; Kramar, U.; Dietze, V.; Kaminski, U.; Norra, S. (2012). "Geochemical characterization of single atmospheric particles from the
Eyjafjallajökull volcano eruption event collected at ground-based sampling sites in Germany".
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monitored the movement. When about 15,000,000 cubic metres (530,000,000 cubic feet) of material hit the glacier a massive amount of air, ice, and water began to move out from under the glacier into the lagoon at the foot of the glacier.
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floods) to rush down the nearby rivers, and requiring 800 people to be evacuated. This eruption was explosive, due to meltwater getting into the volcanic vent. It was estimated to be ten to twenty times larger than the previous one in
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Eyjafjallajökull consists of a volcano completely covered by an ice cap. The retreating ice cap covered an area of 66 km (25 sq mi) in 2019, but was previously more than 80 square kilometres (30 square miles), with many
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Map of
Eyjafjallajökull glacier showing its named glacial catchments (light grey shading with white outline). Clicking on the map to enlarge it enables mouse over that allows identification of individual named glacial catchments in
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From the end of June until the beginning of August 1822, another sequence of explosive eruptions followed. The eruption columns were shot to considerable heights, with ashfall in both the far north of the country, in
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Sturkell, Erik; Einarsson, Páll; Sigmundsson, Freysteinn; Hooper, Andy; Ófeigsson, Benedikt G.; Geirsson, Halldór; Ólafsson, Halldór (2010). "Geology of Katla and
Eyjafjallajökull volcanoes, University of Iceland".
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said "the time for Katla to erupt is coming close...we have prepared...it is high time for
European governments and airline authorities all over the world to start planning for the eventual Katla eruption".
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in northwest Europe for six days from 15 to 21 April 2010. This disruption affected over 20 countries and as many as 10 million air travelers. The volcano erupted again in May 2010, causing the closure of
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Davies, Ashley Gerard; Chien, Steve; Doubleday, Joshua; Tran, Daniel; Thordarson, Thorvaldur; Gudmundsson, Magnús T.; Höskuldsson, Ármann; Jakobsdóttir, Steinunn S.; Wright, Robert; Mandl, Daniel (2013).
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The period from August to December 1822 seemed quieter, but farmers attributed the death of cattle and sheep in the Eyjafjörður area to poisoning from this eruption, which modern analysis identifies as
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508:. In strong winds, the water of the smaller falls can even be blown up the mountain. The area between the mountain and the present coast is a relatively flat strand, 2–5 km (1–3 mi) wide.
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released a song called "Eyjafjallajökull" on his 2011 album "Una Amable, una Trista, una Petita Pàtria," drawing imagery from the travel disruptions following the 2010 eruption.
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761:, to the southwest. The volcano is thought to be related to Katla geologically, in that eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull have generally been followed by eruptions of Katla.
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Hannesdóttir, H.; Sigurðsson, O.; Þrastarson, R.H.; Guðmundsson, S.; Belart, J.M.; Pálsson, F.; Magnusson, E.; Víkingsson, S.; Kaldal, I.; Jóhannesson, T. (2020).
844:. Some small glacier runs occurred in the river Holtsá. A bigger one flooded the plains near the river Markarfljót. (The sources do not indicate the exact date.).
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North view of (from left to right) Mýrdalsjökull, Fimmvörðuháls and Eyjafjallajökull on 4 April 2010, taken from an altitude of 10,000 metres (32,800 ft)
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813:. The eruptive phase started on 19 and 20 December 1821 by a series of explosive eruptions and continued over the next several days. The sources describe heavy
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Schumann, U.; Weinzierl, B.; Reitebuch, O.; Schlager, H.; Minikin, A.; Forster, C.; Baumann, R.; Sailer, T.; Graf, K.; Mannstein, H.; Voigt, C. (2011).
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958:–6 miles). The seismic activity continued to increase and from 3–5 March, over a thousand earthquakes were measured at the epicenter of the volcano.
500:, from which, over thousands of years, the sea has retreated some 5 km (3 mi). The former coastline now consists of sheer cliffs with many
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965:, the high neck between Eyjafjallajökull and the neighbouring icecap, Mýrdalsjökull. This first eruption, in the form of a 300-meter-long radial
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On 14 April 2010 Eyjafjallajökull resumed erupting after a brief pause, this time from the top crater in the centre of the glacier, causing
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1565:
Möller, Rebecca; Dagsson-Waldhauserova, Pavla; Möller, Marco; Kukla, Peter A.; Schneider, Christoph; Gudmundsson, Magnús T. (2019-11-01).
3228:
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The ash of Eyjafjallajökull's 1821 eruptions is to be found all over the south of Iceland. It is dark grey in colour, small-grained and
792:, which in high doses may damage the bone structure of cattle, horses, sheep and humans. The eruption also caused some small and medium
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of the Eyjafjallajökull volcano and that pressure stemming from the process caused the huge crustal displacement at Þorvaldseyri
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Some damage was caused by a minor eruption in 1821. Notably, the ash released from the eruption contained a large fraction of
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miles) in diameter, open to the north. The crater rim has three main peaks (clockwise from the north-east): Guðnasteinn (
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1980:
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The 2010 Eyjafjallajökull summit eruption: Nature of the explosive activity in the initial phase (Doctoral dissertation)
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638:, and together literally means: "the mountains of the islands". The name probably refers to the close by archipelago of
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2140:"Airborne observations of the Eyjafjalla volcano ash cloud over Europe during air space closure in April and May 2010"
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trapping Secretary of State Elizabeth McCord and her delegation and the Turkish foreign minister and his delegation.
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On 26 February 2010, unusual seismic activity along with rapid expansion of the Earth's crust was registered by the
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1567:"Persistent albedo reduction on southern Icelandic glaciers due to ashfall from the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption"
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31:
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1302:"A national glacier inventory and variations in glacier extent in Iceland from the Little Ice Age maximum to 2019"
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with a summit elevation of 1,651 metres (5,417 ft). The volcano has erupted relatively frequently since the
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seismically active areas. Clicking on the image enlarges to full window and enables mouse-over with more detail.
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Gudmundsson, M.T.; Pedersen, R.; Vogfjörd, K.; Thorbjarnardóttir, B.; Jakobsdóttir, S.; Roberts, M.J. (2010).
2006:
1205:, the game has a related achievement that references the ensuing aviation shutdown due to the 2010 eruptions.
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Hence the southern slopes of the mountain Eyjafjöll result in the sea side strip of land beyond being called
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The eruption begun on 20 March 2010, about 8 km (5 mi) east of the top crater of the volcano, on
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Selected geological features near the Eyjafjallajökull central volcano (red outline). Other shading shows:
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Larsen, G.; Dugmore, A.; Newton, A. (1999). "Geochemistry of historical-age silicic tephras in Iceland".
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Eyjafjallajökull erupted in the years 920, 1612, 1821, and 2010. The Skerin Ridge eruption in 920 was a
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Eyjafjallajökull in March 2006, viewed from a recreation area on the Sólheimajökull, a glacier on the
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1133:, where Walter had to flee from an eruption after pursuing photographer Sean O'Connell to Iceland.
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1910:(in Icelandic). Reykjavík: Science Institute. p. 13. Research Report RH-28-99. Archived from
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749:. It is part of a chain of volcanoes stretching across Iceland. Its nearest active neighbours are
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1832:"Observing Iceland's Eyjafjallajökull 2010 eruptions with the autonomous NASA Volcano Sensor Web"
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1194:, Will wants to see "the volcano no one can pronounce the name of", and Riley responds with it.
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ice cap erupted and at the same time steam columns were seen on the summit of Eyjafjallajökull.
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If the corresponding DLC is owned, the volcano is a possible natural wonder that can spawn in
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After that event the sequence of eruptions continued on a more subdued level until June 1822.
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Magma pathways and earthquakes at Eyjafjallajökull, Icelandic Meteorological Institute (PDF)
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1340:"Seismogenic magma intrusion before the 2010 eruption of Eyjafjallajökull volcano, Iceland"
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which aired on 11th November 2018. It was used as the basis of the airport being closed in
496:), 1,497 m (4,911 ft). The south face of the mountain was once part of Iceland's
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watching the volcano closely. As of August 2010, Eyjafjallajökull was considered dormant.
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occur on both (mainly the west) sides of the volcano. The volcano is 800,000 years old.
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sensors have been installed around Eyjafjallajökull to monitor for future eruptions.
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Kastljósið 22.3.2010, Sjónvarpið, "Viðtal við Dr. Pál Einarsson, jarðeðlisfræðing"
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in 2010 for the eruption of the Eyjafjallajökull volcano. All stamps contain real
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internationally. The volcano continued to have several earthquakes daily, with
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together with the small mountains which form the foot of the volcano. The word
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A short time-lapse from April 17, 2010. About 30 minutes played in 18 second.
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2462:"With ash and molten glass like Eyjafjallajökull, the volcano out of Iceland"
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Video of the aftermath of Eyjafjallajokull eruption. Shot on July 28, 2010
2277:"World's first automated volcano forecast predicts Mount Etna's eruptions"
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814:
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1490:"Increasing signs of activity at Eyjafjallajökull in Iceland: Eruptions"
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Tarasewicz, J.; White, R.S.; Brandsdóttir, B.; Schoonman, C.M. (2014).
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were detected near the volcano, all having a depth of 7–10 kilometres (
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420:
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392:; "glacier of (the mountain) Eyjafjöll"), sometimes referred to by the
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Volcanic Ash Advisory Graphical Forecast for the North Atlantic region
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460:, stands 1,651 metres (5,417 ft) at its highest point, and has a
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and means: "of the Eyjafjöll". A literal part-by-part translation of
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431:, when, although relatively small for a volcanic eruption, it caused
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2230:"Iceland Meteorological office – Earthquakes Mýrdalsjökull, Iceland"
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In 1823, some men went hiking up on Eyjafjallajökull to inspect the
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1929:""Last Eyjafjallajökull Eruption Lasted Two Years", Iceland Review"
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evidence that magma was pouring from underneath the crust into the
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in the area around the volcano, especially to the south and west.
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2392:"Newsnight – Olafur Grimsson: Eruption is only 'small rehearsal'"
2353:"Iceland prepares for second, more devastating volcanic eruption"
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The World Is a Beautiful Place & I Am No Longer Afraid to Die
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Note: Volcanoes listed here have "central volcanoes" unless a
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SI / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for Eyjafjallajökull
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A film crew lands on Eyjafjallajokull during the 2010 eruption
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A collection of satellite images from the CIMSS Satellite Blog
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ice cap, which is much more active and known for its powerful
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Air travel disruption after the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption
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Veðurstofa Ísland (The Meteorological Institute of Iceland)
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subglacial terrain above 1,100 m (3,600 ft), and
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The eruption of the Eyjafjallajökull volcano in 1821–1823
1545:"Iceland's volcanic ash halts flights in northern Europe"
712:, whose vents follow an east–west trend, is composed of
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over many parts of Europe. The eruptions also created
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3023:is place after name, in that case the volcano is a
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2085:"Ash chaos: Row grows over airspace shutdown costs"
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Effects of the April 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption
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Aerial view of Eyjafjallajökull from the north-east
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2428:"Stamps created from Eyjafjallajokull volcano ash"
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996:Eyjafjallajökull seen from the sea in summer 2014.
988:The crater three years post eruption in March 2013
940:farm. In March 2010, almost three thousand small
538:is the name of the southern side of the volcanic
490:), 1,651 m (5,417 ft); and Goðasteinn (
2045:"Eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull volcano, Iceland"
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1105:and caused cracks to appear on Katla's glacier.
2583:Video of the first 2010 eruption by Raw Iceland
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435:across northern and western Europe for a week.
2550:"More from Eyjafjallajökull – The Big Picture"
2224:
2222:
2182:"'Dirty thunderstorm': Lightning in a volcano"
2106:(1 ed.). University of California Press.
1781:(Thesis). University of Iceland. pp. 1–93
1382:Bartnicki; Haakenstad; Hov (31 October 2010).
1075: mi) west of another subglacial volcano,
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1800:Guðmundsson, Magnús T.; Höskuldsson, Ármann.
1684:Guðmundsson, Magnús T.; Höskuldsson, Ármann.
723:. Most of its historical eruptions have been
685:would thus be "Islands' Mountains' glacier".
8:
1836:Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
1539:
1537:
828:, and in the southwest, on the peninsula of
704:Active volcanic areas and systems in Iceland
2206:"Met Office: Volcanic Ash Advisory Centres"
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1129:The volcano was featured in the 2013 movie
484:), 1,500 m (4,900 ft); Hámundur (
3103:Eyjafjallajökull eruption on 17 April 2010
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2026:"Jarðskjálftahrina undir Eyjafjallajökli"
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1057:Cross section through Eyjafjöll and Katla
2527:Satellite image of 2010 eruption by NASA
226:
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2516:in the Catalogue of Icelandic Volcanoes
2416:. Smithsonian Global Volcanism Program.
1634:"Eyjafjallajokull – Iceland on the Web"
1289:
914:A photo of Eyjafjallajökull taken from
2430:. FindYourStampsValue.com. 2010-07-30.
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528:of Eyjafjöll" (or more properly here "
162:Mountain: 1,651 m (5,417 ft)
142:Gígjökull, Eyjafjallajökull's largest
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1266:List of volcanic eruptions in Iceland
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651:
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30:For the 2013 French comedy film, see
7:
2104:Coasts in Crisis: A Global Challenge
1560:
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1257:, who photographed the 2010 eruption
1113:Icelandic Post issued three special
2608:Developments in Quaternary Sciences
1931:. Icelandreview.com. Archived from
1488:Thordarson, T.; Larsen, G. (2007).
1384:"Volcano Version of the SNAP Model"
553:, meaning glacier or ice cap, is a
2331:"Green.view: Back into the clouds"
2275:Hall, Shannon (15 November 2018).
2253:. Metoffice.gov.uk. Archived from
2023:Veðurstofa Íslands (5 March 2010)
1391:Norwegian Meteorological Institute
1278:2010 eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull
1139:was used in Season 5 Episode 6 of
1097:Katla. On 8 July 2011 there was a
1061:Eyjafjallajökull lies 25 km (
898:2010 eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull
866:In early 1823, the nearby volcano
164:(this is mountain without ice cap)
25:
2144:Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
1981:"Fasteignaskrá measurement tools"
1899:Gosið í Eyjafjallajökli 1821–1823
1344:Geophysical Journal International
1178:called "Eyjafjallajokull Dance."
1174:released a song on their 2010 EP
433:enormous disruption to air travel
381:[ˈeiːjaˌfjatl̥aˌjœːkʏtl̥]
3176:
3164:
3139:
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2578:Video of the first 2010 eruption
1710:"National Landsurvey of Iceland"
1229:
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800:) and flooding in nearby rivers
520:Eyjafjallajökull and the aurora.
225:
218:
136:
45:
3239:Subglacial volcanoes of Iceland
3066:2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruptions
2208:. Metoffice.gov.uk. 24 May 2010
2007:"Innskot undir Eyjafjallajökli"
1181:An Operator in the mobile game
1131:The Secret Life of Walter Mitty
1101:that destroyed a bridge on the
924:Icelandic Meteorological Office
464:three to four kilometres (2 to
79:66 km (25 sq mi)
1475:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.05.034
27:Glacier and volcano in Iceland
1:
3219:East Volcanic Zone of Iceland
2616:10.1016/S1571-0866(09)01302-5
2351:Roger Boyes (21 March 2010).
1571:Remote Sensing of Environment
1250:List of waterfalls of Iceland
1190:In the season 1 episode 8 of
1121:which fell on 17 April 2010.
980:The eruption on 27 March 2010
504:, of which the best known is
3254:Central volcanoes of Iceland
2971:Snæfellsjökull Volcanic Zone
1271:List of volcanoes in Iceland
1030:Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre
973:, immediately to the north.
95:1,666 metres (5,466 ft)
3244:Volcanic systems of Iceland
1245:List of glaciers of Iceland
1199:Sid Meier's Civilization VI
937:[ˈθɔrval(t)sˌeiːrɪ]
3275:
3229:Stratovolcanoes of Iceland
2304:10.1038/d41586-018-07420-y
2251:"Iceland volcano 'pauses'"
1967:10.1191/095968399669624108
1319:10.33799/jokull2020.70.001
895:
656:is the genitive plural of
29:
3224:Southern Region (Iceland)
3096:
3017:
2997:Öræfajökull Volcanic Zone
2774:
2698:
2004:Morgublaðið (26.02.2010)
1983:. Skra.is. Archived from
1662:. Smithsonian Institution
1591:10.1016/j.rse.2019.111396
1524:10.1016/j.jog.2006.09.005
481:[ˈkvʏðnaˌsteitn̥]
415:. The ice cap covers the
316:
212:
146:, covered in volcanic ash
135:
128:
107:
44:
3209:Bodies of ice of Iceland
2537:Best of Photo Collection
2485:Gamepress (2020-01-16).
2359:. London. Archived from
2157:10.5194/acp-11-2245-2011
1772:Pálmadóttir, E. (2016).
1739:Global Volcanism Program
1660:Global Volcanism Program
884:containing about 28–40%
753:, to the northeast, and
734:The volcano is fed by a
673:is the genitive form of
586:is made up of the words
493:[ˈkɔːðaˌsteitn̥]
399:, is one of the smaller
87:200 m (660 ft)
3123:Effects of the eruption
2901:Reykjanes Volcanic Belt
2568:Webcams of the eruption
2487:"Arknights: Eyjafjalla"
1744:Smithsonian Institution
1455:Atmospheric Environment
1150:It is mentioned in the
810:[ˈhɔl̥(t)sˌauː]
670:[ˈeiːjaˌfjatla]
615:), and the plural word
562:
487:[ˈhauːˌmʏntʏr̥]
456:The mountain itself, a
32:Eyjafjallajökull (film)
3104:
2877:Northern Volcanic Zone
2634:Aviation ash forecasts
1494:Journal of Geodynamics
1058:
997:
989:
981:
919:
784:1821 to 1823 eruptions
772:
705:
681:
675:
664:
658:
647:
617:
599:
588:
582:
544:
534:
521:
369:
334:central volcanoes and
92:Highest elevation
3118:Air travel disruption
3102:
2949:Western Volcanic Zone
2828:Eastern Volcanic Zone
2102:Griggs, Gary (2017).
1255:Ragnar Th. Sigurdsson
1056:
1049:Relationship to Katla
1017:air travel disruption
995:
987:
979:
913:
859:a bit to the west of
767:
703:
519:
367:
192:63.62000°N 19.61333°W
2820:volcanoes of Iceland
2070:10.1029/2010EO210002
1261:Volcanism of Iceland
1085:subglacial eruptions
851:. They discovered a
597:(genitive plural of
3249:Calderas of Iceland
2599:Geological articles
2556:on 9 February 2012.
2295:2018Natur.563..456H
2122:10.1525/j.ctv1xxx5h
2061:2010EOSTr..91..190G
1896:Larsen, G. (1999).
1848:2013JGRB..118.1936D
1583:2019RSEnv.23311396M
1506:2007JGeo...43..118T
1467:2012AtmEn..48..113S
1356:2014GeoJI.198..906T
1187:is named after it.
550:[ˈjœːkʏtl̥]
450:Kirkjubæjarklaustur
425:Last Glacial Period
197:63.62000; -19.61333
188: /
3105:
2932:Eldvörp–Svartsengi
2562:Videos and webcams
2542:2012-07-09 at the
2442:"Eyjafjallajökull"
1856:10.1002/jgrb.50141
1802:"Eyjafjallajökull"
1734:"Eyjafjallajökull"
1686:"Eyjafjallajökull"
1656:"Eyjafjallajökull"
1636:. Iceland.vefur.is
1426:"Eyjafjallajökull"
1405:"Eyjafjallajökull"
1365:10.1093/gji/ggu169
1160:singer-songwriter
1059:
998:
990:
982:
920:
842:fluoride poisoning
773:
747:Mid-Atlantic Ridge
706:
522:
370:
312:March to June 2010
302:East Volcanic Zone
152:Highest point
3152:
3151:
3032:
3031:
2914:Brennisteinsfjöll
2785:
2784:
2763:Tungnafellsjökull
2318:Europe for weeks.
2289:(7732): 456–457.
2113:978-0-520-29361-8
1600:20.500.11815/1350
1154:song, "Guv'nor".
1026:electrical storms
882:intermediate rock
690:Undir Eyjafjöllum
653:[ˈfjatla]
623:[ˈfjœtl̥]
567:surviving in the
362:
361:
119:
118:
16:(Redirected from
3266:
3204:Active volcanoes
3199:Eyjafjallajökull
3181:
3180:
3169:
3168:
3167:
3160:
3142:
3141:
3080:Eyjafjallajökull
3059:
3052:
3045:
3036:
2841:Eyjafjallajökull
2812:
2805:
2798:
2789:
2780:
2753:Tindfjallajökull
2713:Eyjafjallajökull
2681:
2674:
2667:
2658:
2619:
2557:
2552:. Archived from
2514:Eyjafjallajökull
2501:
2500:
2498:
2497:
2482:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2472:
2458:
2452:
2451:
2438:
2432:
2431:
2424:
2418:
2417:
2410:"Weekly Reports"
2406:
2400:
2399:
2388:
2382:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2368:
2363:on June 29, 2011
2348:
2339:
2338:
2327:
2321:
2320:
2306:
2272:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2262:
2247:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2237:
2226:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2213:
2202:
2196:
2195:
2190:. Archived from
2178:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2159:
2150:(5): 2245–2279.
2135:
2126:
2125:
2099:
2093:
2092:
2081:
2075:
2074:
2072:
2040:
2034:
2033:
2021:
2015:
2014:
2002:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1992:
1977:
1971:
1970:
1950:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1940:
1925:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1909:
1893:
1876:
1875:
1842:(5): 1936–1956.
1826:
1813:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1797:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1780:
1769:
1754:
1753:
1751:
1750:
1730:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1706:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1681:
1672:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1651:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1641:
1630:
1621:
1620:
1602:
1562:
1553:
1552:
1551:. 15 April 2010.
1541:
1532:
1531:
1526:. Archived from
1517:
1485:
1479:
1478:
1449:
1443:
1442:
1430:
1422:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1412:
1407:. Peakbagger.com
1401:
1395:
1394:
1388:
1379:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1335:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1297:
1239:
1234:
1233:
1232:
1225:
1223:Volcanoes portal
1220:
1219:
1137:Eyjafjallajökull
1074:
1073:
1069:
1066:
1045:due to the ash.
957:
956:
952:
949:
939:
855:near the summit
812:
684:
682:Eyjafjallajökull
678:
672:
667:
661:
655:
650:
625:
620:
602:
596:
594:[ˈeiːja]
591:
585:
552:
547:
537:
524:The name means "
495:
489:
483:
477:
476:
472:
469:
427:, most recently
391:
390:
389:
383:
378:
373:Eyjafjallajökull
354:
352:
347:
345:
341:fissure swarms,
340:
338:
333:
331:
326:
324:
266:
233:Eyjafjallajökull
229:
228:
222:
203:
202:
200:
199:
198:
193:
189:
186:
185:
184:
181:
140:
124:Eyjafjallajökull
121:
49:
40:Eyjafjallajökull
37:
21:
3274:
3273:
3269:
3268:
3267:
3265:
3264:
3263:
3234:VEI-4 volcanoes
3189:
3188:
3187:
3175:
3165:
3163:
3155:
3153:
3148:
3127:
3106:
3094:
3068:
3063:
3033:
3028:
3013:
2992:
2966:
2943:
2895:
2871:
2822:
2816:
2786:
2781:
2772:
2718:Geitlandsjökull
2694:
2685:
2648:
2636:
2604:
2601:
2564:
2548:
2544:Wayback Machine
2523:
2510:
2505:
2504:
2495:
2493:
2484:
2483:
2479:
2470:
2468:
2460:
2459:
2455:
2440:
2439:
2435:
2426:
2425:
2421:
2408:
2407:
2403:
2390:
2389:
2385:
2380:
2376:
2366:
2364:
2350:
2349:
2342:
2329:
2328:
2324:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2260:
2258:
2249:
2248:
2244:
2235:
2233:
2228:
2227:
2220:
2211:
2209:
2204:
2203:
2199:
2180:
2179:
2175:
2137:
2136:
2129:
2114:
2101:
2100:
2096:
2083:
2082:
2078:
2055:(21): 190–191.
2042:
2041:
2037:
2024:
2022:
2018:
2005:
2003:
1999:
1990:
1988:
1979:
1978:
1974:
1952:
1951:
1947:
1938:
1936:
1927:
1926:
1922:
1914:
1907:
1895:
1894:
1879:
1828:
1827:
1816:
1806:
1804:
1799:
1798:
1794:
1784:
1782:
1778:
1771:
1770:
1757:
1748:
1746:
1732:
1731:
1724:
1714:
1712:
1708:
1707:
1700:
1690:
1688:
1683:
1682:
1675:
1665:
1663:
1653:
1652:
1648:
1639:
1637:
1632:
1631:
1624:
1564:
1563:
1556:
1543:
1542:
1535:
1515:10.1.1.454.7455
1487:
1486:
1482:
1451:
1450:
1446:
1428:
1424:
1423:
1419:
1410:
1408:
1403:
1402:
1398:
1386:
1381:
1380:
1373:
1337:
1336:
1327:
1299:
1298:
1291:
1286:
1235:
1230:
1228:
1221:
1214:
1211:
1141:Madam Secretary
1127:
1125:Popular culture
1111:
1090:Ólafur Grímsson
1071:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1051:
954:
950:
947:
945:
908:
896:Main articles:
894:
886:silicon dioxide
786:
698:
514:
474:
470:
467:
465:
446:outlet glaciers
441:
386:
385:
384:
376:
358:
357:
356:
350:
349:
343:
342:
336:
335:
329:
328:
322:
321:
264:
244:
243:
242:
241:
240:
237:
236:
235:
234:
230:
196:
194:
190:
187:
182:
179:
177:
175:
174:
163:
147:
130:
115:
114:
113:
52:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3272:
3270:
3262:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3191:
3190:
3186:
3185:
3173:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3146:
3135:
3133:
3129:
3128:
3126:
3125:
3120:
3114:
3112:
3108:
3107:
3097:
3095:
3093:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3076:
3074:
3070:
3069:
3064:
3062:
3061:
3054:
3047:
3039:
3030:
3029:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3011:
3006:
3000:
2998:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2978:Snæfellsjökull
2974:
2972:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2964:
2959:
2953:
2951:
2945:
2944:
2942:
2941:
2935:
2929:
2926:Fagradalsfjall
2923:
2917:
2911:
2905:
2903:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2893:
2887:
2881:
2879:
2873:
2872:
2870:
2869:
2864:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2832:
2830:
2824:
2823:
2817:
2815:
2814:
2807:
2800:
2792:
2783:
2782:
2775:
2773:
2771:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2738:Snæfellsjökull
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2699:
2696:
2695:
2686:
2684:
2683:
2676:
2669:
2661:
2655:
2654:
2647:
2644:
2643:
2642:
2635:
2632:
2631:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2600:
2597:
2596:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2563:
2560:
2559:
2558:
2546:
2534:
2529:
2522:
2519:
2518:
2517:
2509:
2508:External links
2506:
2503:
2502:
2477:
2453:
2433:
2419:
2401:
2383:
2374:
2340:
2322:
2267:
2242:
2218:
2197:
2194:on 2019-12-22.
2173:
2127:
2112:
2094:
2076:
2035:
2016:
1997:
1972:
1961:(4): 463–471.
1945:
1920:
1917:on 2010-11-22.
1877:
1814:
1792:
1755:
1722:
1698:
1673:
1646:
1622:
1554:
1533:
1530:on 2010-04-19.
1500:(1): 118–152.
1480:
1444:
1417:
1396:
1371:
1350:(2): 906–921.
1325:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1280:
1275:
1274:
1273:
1268:
1258:
1252:
1247:
1241:
1240:
1237:Iceland portal
1226:
1210:
1207:
1126:
1123:
1110:
1107:
1050:
1047:
1035:volcanologists
918:in August 2009
893:
892:2010 eruptions
890:
785:
782:
697:
694:
640:Vestmannaeyjar
559:Middle English
513:
510:
440:
437:
360:
359:
319:
318:
317:
314:
313:
310:
304:
303:
300:
289:
288:
283:
277:
276:
272:
271:
268:
260:
259:
250:
246:
245:
238:
232:
231:
224:
223:
217:
216:
215:
214:
213:
210:
209:
205:
204:
172:
166:
165:
160:
154:
153:
149:
148:
144:outlet glacier
141:
133:
132:
126:
125:
117:
116:
110:
109:
108:
105:
104:
101:
97:
96:
93:
89:
88:
85:
81:
80:
77:
73:
72:
66:
62:
61:
58:
54:
53:
50:
42:
41:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3271:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3172:
3162:
3158:
3145:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3130:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3115:
3113:
3109:
3101:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3085:Fimmvörðuháls
3083:
3081:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3060:
3055:
3053:
3048:
3046:
3041:
3040:
3037:
3026:
3022:
3016:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2995:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2969:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2954:
2952:
2950:
2946:
2939:
2936:
2933:
2930:
2927:
2924:
2921:
2918:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2902:
2898:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2882:
2880:
2878:
2874:
2868:
2865:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2831:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2813:
2808:
2806:
2801:
2799:
2794:
2793:
2790:
2779:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2743:Þrándarjökull
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2733:Mýrdalsjökull
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2700:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2682:
2677:
2675:
2670:
2668:
2663:
2662:
2659:
2653:
2650:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2638:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2603:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2561:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2545:
2541:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2524:
2520:
2515:
2512:
2511:
2507:
2492:
2488:
2481:
2478:
2467:
2463:
2457:
2454:
2449:
2448:
2443:
2437:
2434:
2429:
2423:
2420:
2415:
2411:
2405:
2402:
2398:. 2010-04-20.
2397:
2393:
2387:
2384:
2378:
2375:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2347:
2345:
2341:
2337:. 2010-04-16.
2336:
2335:The Economist
2332:
2326:
2323:
2319:
2314:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2283:
2278:
2271:
2268:
2257:on 2011-07-14
2256:
2252:
2246:
2243:
2232:. En.vedur.is
2231:
2225:
2223:
2219:
2207:
2201:
2198:
2193:
2189:
2188:
2183:
2177:
2174:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2149:
2145:
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2957:Prestahnúkur
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2708:Eiríksjökull
2703:Drangajökull
2607:
2554:the original
2494:. Retrieved
2491:Gamepress.gg
2490:
2480:
2469:. Retrieved
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2255:the original
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2019:
2011:Morgunblaðið
2010:
2000:
1989:. Retrieved
1985:the original
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1958:
1955:The Holocene
1954:
1948:
1937:. Retrieved
1933:the original
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1912:the original
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1805:. Retrieved
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1689:. Retrieved
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1638:. Retrieved
1574:
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1528:the original
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1434:Morgunbladid
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1409:. Retrieved
1399:
1393:. p. 6.
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1176:Formlessness
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1162:Pau Alabajos
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1119:volcanic ash
1112:
1095:
1079:, under the
1060:
1043:
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967:fissure vent
960:
926:. This gave
921:
876:
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853:fissure vent
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794:glacier runs
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411:and west of
396:
372:
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265:Parent range
129:Guðnasteinn
3259:Jökulhlaups
3004:Öræfajökull
2962:Hveravellir
2836:Bárðarbunga
2768:Vatnajökull
2758:Torfajökull
2748:Þórisjökull
2652:Contour map
1654:Venzke, E.
942:earthquakes
861:Guðnasteinn
826:Eyjafjörður
802:Markarfljót
798:jökulhlaups
727:. However,
571:of English
407:, north of
195: /
170:Coordinates
3193:Categories
2988:Ljósufjöll
2983:Helgrindur
2818:Monitored
2728:Langjökull
2723:Hofsjökull
2496:2021-03-20
2471:2024-09-19
2261:2010-07-12
2236:2013-03-26
2212:2015-11-24
2167:1956/12423
1991:2015-11-24
1939:2010-04-18
1749:2010-04-18
1640:2015-11-24
1577:: 111396.
1411:2015-11-24
1284:References
1099:jökulhlaup
1039:Infrasound
1003:jökulhlaup
870:under the
743:divergence
665:Eyjafjalla
626:, meaning
603:, meaning
502:waterfalls
377:Icelandic:
327:calderas,
183:19°36′48″W
180:63°37′12″N
103:Retreating
3171:Geography
3073:Geography
3009:Esjufjöll
2938:Reykjanes
2846:Grímsvötn
2357:The Times
1864:2169-9356
1617:203116126
1609:0034-4257
1510:CiteSeerX
1439:Reykjavic
1184:Arknights
1158:Valencian
1103:Ring Road
1008:meltwater
834:Reykjavík
725:explosive
676:Eyjafjöll
662:, and so
645:The word
635:mountains
583:Eyjafjöll
580:The name
557:with the
535:Eyjafjöll
512:Etymology
506:Skógafoss
498:coastline
439:Geography
394:numeronym
292:Volcanic
253:Suðurland
208:Geography
158:Elevation
84:Thickness
18:Eyjafjöll
3214:Ice caps
3144:Category
3132:See also
2920:Krýsuvík
2688:Glaciers
2610:: 5–21.
2540:Archived
2396:BBC News
2367:21 March
2313:30459379
2187:NBC News
2089:BBC News
1872:54028024
1666:11 April
1549:BBC News
1312:: 1–34.
1209:See also
1022:airspace
971:Þórsmörk
815:ash fall
790:fluoride
740:tectonic
718:andesite
401:ice caps
249:Location
131:Hámundur
112:Iceland.
65:Location
3183:Geology
3157:Portals
3111:Effects
3090:Iceland
3025:fissure
2909:Hengill
2867:Surtsey
2692:Iceland
2291:Bibcode
2057:Bibcode
1844:Bibcode
1785:19 June
1579:Bibcode
1502:Bibcode
1463:Bibcode
1461:: 113.
1352:Bibcode
1152:JJ DOOM
1145:Ireland
1070:⁄
953:⁄
916:Route 1
879:dacitic
857:caldera
849:craters
759:Heimaey
755:Eldfell
745:of the
696:Geology
555:cognate
530:ice cap
526:glacier
473:⁄
429:in 2010
421:volcano
417:caldera
405:Iceland
275:Geology
257:Iceland
239:Iceland
70:Iceland
60:Ice cap
2890:Krafla
2521:Photos
2466:Genius
2311:
2282:Nature
2120:
2110:
1906:]
1870:
1862:
1807:8 June
1715:8 June
1691:8 June
1615:
1607:
1512:
1306:Jökull
1192:Sense8
1115:stamps
904:, and
806:Holtsá
714:basalt
648:fjalla
612:island
574:icicle
545:jökull
540:massif
462:crater
409:Skógar
353:
351:
346:
344:
339:
337:
332:
330:
325:
323:
100:Status
3027:only.
2885:Askja
2856:Katla
2851:Hekla
2414:Katla
2118:JSTOR
1915:(PDF)
1908:(PDF)
1902:[
1868:S2CID
1779:(PDF)
1613:S2CID
1429:(PDF)
1387:(PDF)
1203:Steam
1201:. On
1170:band
1077:Katla
868:Katla
832:near
757:, on
751:Katla
721:lavas
659:fjöll
629:fells
618:fjöll
569:-icle
561:word
419:of a
2861:Laki
2646:Maps
2447:IMDb
2369:2010
2309:PMID
2108:ISBN
1860:ISSN
1809:2024
1787:2024
1717:2024
1693:2024
1668:2023
1605:ISSN
804:and
708:The
606:eyot
589:eyja
564:ikil
532:").
298:belt
76:Area
57:Type
3021:(f)
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2690:of
2612:doi
2299:doi
2287:563
2162:hdl
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2049:Eos
1963:doi
1852:doi
1840:118
1595:hdl
1587:doi
1575:233
1520:doi
1471:doi
1360:doi
1348:198
1314:doi
1168:Emo
777:VEI
716:to
632:or
609:or
403:of
397:E15
294:arc
270:N/A
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