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European Remote-Sensing Satellite

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and September, ERS-2 was finally depleted of all fuel on 5 September 2011. At 13:16:38 the batteries were switched off and the satellite decommissioned. The spacecraft was left in an orbit where it will reenter the Earth's atmosphere and safely disintegrate within 25 years, in accordance with international standards.
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In the final stages of emptying the fuel tanks, it was estimated that they would be empty after a 40-minute burn on 2 September 2011. However, the spacecraft survived both this manoeuvre and a second 40-minute burn on 3 September. On 5 September a third burn was initiated. The fuel tanks were finally
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satellite, launched 1 March 2002. Envisat contained improved versions of many of the instruments onboard ERS-2. However, even after the launch of its successor, the operational life of ERS-2 was extended until 2011, when the decision was made to end the mission. Over a series of burns in July, August
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ERS-2 operated without gyroscopes from February 2001, resulting in some degradation of the data provided by the instruments. The tape drive aboard failed on 22 June 2003, leaving the instruments operating only within visibility of a ground station. After the tape drive failure additional ground
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ERS-1 had various mission phases using 3-day and 35-day repeat cycles. During the geodetic mission, ERS-1 was put in two long repeat cycles of 168 days, which is equivalent to a single 336-day cycle. The geodetic mission allowed for accurate mapping of the Earth's
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ERS-1 carried an array of Earth-observation instruments that gathered information about the Earth (land, water, ice, and atmosphere) using a variety of measurement principles. These included:
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stations were brought online to increase the data gathering abilities of the satellite. The Wind Scatterometer and GOME were the only instruments of their kind until the launches of
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The European Space Agency has finally confirmed that the two-tonne satellite reentered the Earth's atmosphere somewhere between Alaska and Hawaii.
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In February 2024, ESA reported that ERS-2 was expected to reenter in an uncontrolled fashion, some time between 16 February and 22 February 2024.
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This article is about the European satellite program. For the 1960s United States Air Force satellite program also abbreviated ERS, see
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are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the † sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).
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are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the † sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).
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Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ).
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Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ).
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mission, with ERS-2 passing the same point on the ground 1 day later than ERS-1. ERS-2 has a repeat cycle of 35 days.
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To accurately determine its orbit, the satellite included the PRARE (Precision Range and Range-Rate Equipment) and a
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used in measuring atmospheric water, as well as providing a correction for the atmospheric water for the altimeter.
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The satellite reentered at 1717 UTC on 21 February, in the Pacific Ocean between Alaska and Hawaii.
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at an altitude of 782–785 km. ERS-1 failed on 10 March 2000 after nine years in orbit.
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drained, and the spacecraft orbit was lowered from 785 to 573 km above Earth.
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for viewing, calibrating and analyzing ERS 1 & 2 SAR Level 1 data and higher
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When ERS-2 was launched, ERS-1 shared the same orbital plane. This allowed a
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sounder for measuring temperatures at the sea-surface and the top of clouds.
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malfunction and its mission was officially declared finished.
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used to calculate information on wind speed and direction.
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Earth observation satellites of the European Space Agency
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ATSR-2 included 3 visible spectrum bands specialized for
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European Space Agency Earth-observing satellite program
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(2008). 32:Environmental Research Satellite § TRS_Mk._1 964:Space Applications and Telecommunications Centre 638: 636: 634: 603: 601: 974:Space Telescope European Coordinating Facility 3074: 2187: 854: 644:"ERS-2 (European Remote-Sensing Satellite-2)" 609:"ERS-1 (European Remote-Sensing Satellite-1)" 8: 285: 74: 166:RA (Radar Altimeter) is a single frequency 3081: 3067: 3059: 2194: 2180: 2172: 1198: 1182: 1123:European Launcher Development Organisation 877: 861: 847: 839: 284: 73: 773:Cuthbertson, Anthony (21 February 2024). 530: 266:over the seas using the Radar Altimeter. 546: 3861:Spacecraft launched by Ariane rockets 1085:Space Situational Awareness Programme 7: 2132: 1128:European Space Research Organisation 944:Space Research and Technology Centre 2156: 3871:Spacecraft which reentered in 2024 25: 3866:Spacecraft decommissioned in 2011 802:Dunn, Marcia (22 February 2024). 48:European Remote Sensing satellite 3846:Earth satellite radar altimeters 3836:European Space Agency programmes 2155: 2143: 2131: 2120: 2119: 949:ESA Centre for Earth Observation 727:Turner, Ben (22 February 2024). 472: 447:The successor to ERS-2 was the 190:Along-Track Scanning Radiometer 3841:Space synthetic aperture radar 1968:Columbus Man-Tended Free Flyer 1: 245:was used for calibrating the 402:Monitoring Experiment) is a 3856:Spacecraft launched in 1995 3851:Spacecraft launched in 1991 511:Journal of Hydrometeorology 135:launched 17 July 1991 from 43:A full-size model of ERS-2. 3887: 2038:Mars sample return mission 1858:European Data Relay System 1538:Meteosat Second Generation 1451:James Webb Space Telescope 1313:Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer 995:European Data Relay System 969:Concurrent Design Facility 269:On 10 March 2000, ERS-1's 29: 3806: 3044: 2111: 1661:Meteosat Third Generation 1520:Meteosat First Generation 1181: 1169:Planetary Science Archive 954:European Astronaut Centre 876: 376: 372: 358:780 km (480 mi) 345: 341: 316: 312: 290: 241:caused by radiation. The 126: 122: 105: 101: 79: 60:Earth-observing satellite 208:synthetic-aperture radar 1080:Living Planet Programme 939:Space Operations Centre 273:system failed due to a 1391:Hubble Space Telescope 959:Space Astronomy Centre 554:Krebs, Gunter (2020). 249:to within 10 cm. 44: 1188:Projects and missions 870:European Space Agency 56:European Space Agency 42: 3097:Orbital launches in 2210:Orbital launches in 1788:European Robotic Arm 1632:Sentinel-5 Precursor 831:3 March 2016 at the 826:Next ESA SAR Toolbox 678:Enabling and Support 581:"ERS - Earth Online" 532:10.1175/2007JHM965.1 224:Microwave Radiometer 2113:Future missions in 1159:European Space Camp 890:Guiana Space Centre 821:ERS homepage at ESA 806:. Associated Press. 560:Gunter's Space Page 523:2008JHyMe...9..549Z 517:(3). AMS: 549–562. 493:1995 in spaceflight 488:1991 in spaceflight 287: 137:Guiana Space Centre 76: 1963:Ceres Polar Lander 1798:Telecommunications 480:Spaceflight portal 350:Orbital parameters 298:Earth observatrion 87:Earth observatrion 62:programme using a 45: 3818: 3817: 3056: 3055: 2169: 2168: 2107: 2106: 1725: 1724: 1507:Earth observation 1337:Comet Interceptor 1328:Rosalind Franklin 1300:Trace Gas Orbiter 1251:Planetary science 1177: 1176: 1090:Science Programme 707:"Flight Dynamics" 380: 379: 192:) is a 4 channel 177:operating in the 130: 129: 16:(Redirected from 3878: 3102: 3101: 3100: 3083: 3076: 3069: 3060: 2215: 2214: 2213: 2196: 2189: 2182: 2173: 2159: 2158: 2147: 2135: 2134: 2123: 2122: 2099:Schiaparelli EDM 1958:Calathus Mission 1782:Georges Lemaître 1740:ISS contribution 1199: 1183: 878: 863: 856: 849: 840: 808: 807: 799: 793: 792: 787: 785: 770: 764: 763: 761: 759: 745: 739: 738: 724: 718: 717: 715: 713: 699: 693: 692: 690: 688: 670: 664: 663: 661: 659: 640: 629: 628: 626: 624: 605: 596: 595: 593: 591: 577: 571: 570: 568: 566: 551: 536: 534: 482: 477: 476: 475: 444:, respectively. 337:21 February 2024 329:5 September 2011 288: 271:attitude control 77: 21: 3886: 3885: 3881: 3880: 3879: 3877: 3876: 3875: 3821: 3820: 3819: 3814: 3809: 3802: 3725: 3673: 3618: 3569: 3503: 3434: 3394: 3353: 3309: 3213: 3157: 3109: 3108: 3098: 3096: 3095: 3093: 3087: 3057: 3052: 3047: 3040: 2991: 2906: 2897:Gorizont No.35L 2858: 2819:Molniya-3 No.48 2790: 2715: 2711:Resurs-F1 No.53 2637:Gorizont No.34L 2625: 2616:Resurs-F1 No.52 2570: 2502: 2411: 2397:Molniya-3 No.55 2382:Nadezhda No.409 2346: 2267: 2263:Informator No.1 2222: 2221: 2211: 2209: 2208: 2206: 2200: 2170: 2165: 2103: 2072: 1940: 1934: 1915:LISA Pathfinder 1872: 1870: 1863: 1793: 1776:Albert Einstein 1764:Johannes Kepler 1721: 1502: 1360: 1358: 1351: 1246: 1190: 1173: 1132: 1111: 999: 978: 927: 905:Launch vehicles 899: 872: 867: 833:Wayback Machine 817: 812: 811: 801: 800: 796: 783: 781: 779:The Independent 772: 771: 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816: 815:External links 813: 810: 809: 794: 765: 740: 719: 694: 665: 630: 597: 572: 545: 544: 542: 539: 538: 537: 500: 497: 496: 495: 490: 484: 483: 467: 464: 426: 425: 415: 378: 377: 374: 373: 370: 369: 366: 360: 359: 356: 352: 351: 347: 346: 343: 342: 339: 338: 335: 331: 330: 327: 323: 322: 321:End of mission 318: 317: 314: 313: 310: 309: 306: 300: 299: 296: 292: 291: 282: 279: 254: 251: 243:retroreflector 235:retroreflector 228: 227: 220: 211: 204: 186: 180: 159: 156: 128: 127: 124: 123: 120: 119: 116: 112: 111: 110:End of mission 107: 106: 103: 102: 99: 98: 95: 89: 88: 85: 81: 80: 71: 68: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3883: 3872: 3869: 3867: 3864: 3862: 3859: 3857: 3854: 3852: 3849: 3847: 3844: 3842: 3839: 3837: 3834: 3832: 3829: 3828: 3826: 3812: 3805: 3799: 3796: 3794: 3791: 3789: 3785: 3782: 3780: 3777: 3775: 3774:Progress M-30 3772: 3770: 3767: 3765: 3761: 3757: 3754: 3752: 3748: 3745: 3743: 3740: 3738: 3735: 3734: 3732: 3728: 3722: 3719: 3717: 3714: 3712: 3709: 3706: 3702: 3701: 3697: 3695: 3692: 3690: 3686: 3683: 3682: 3680: 3676: 3670: 3667: 3665: 3664: 3660: 3658: 3655: 3653: 3652: 3648: 3646: 3643: 3641: 3638: 3636: 3635:Progress M-29 3633: 3631: 3628: 3627: 3625: 3621: 3615: 3612: 3610: 3609:Resurs-F2 #10 3607: 3605: 3602: 3599: 3595: 3591: 3590: 3586: 3584: 3583: 3579: 3578: 3576: 3572: 3566: 3562: 3559: 3557: 3554: 3552: 3549: 3547: 3544: 3542: 3541: 3537: 3535: 3532: 3530: 3527: 3525: 3522: 3520: 3516: 3513: 3512: 3510: 3506: 3500: 3497: 3495: 3491: 3487: 3484: 3482: 3481:Progress M-28 3479: 3476: 3472: 3471: 3467: 3465: 3462: 3460: 3456: 3452: 3449: 3447: 3444: 3443: 3441: 3437: 3431: 3428: 3426: 3425: 3421: 3419: 3418: 3414: 3412: 3409: 3407: 3404: 3403: 3401: 3397: 3391: 3388: 3386: 3383: 3381: 3378: 3376: 3373: 3371: 3368: 3366: 3363: 3362: 3360: 3356: 3350: 3347: 3345: 3344:Progress M-27 3342: 3340: 3337: 3335: 3332: 3330: 3326: 3322: 3319: 3318: 3316: 3312: 3306: 3302: 3299: 3297: 3296: 3292: 3288: 3284: 3282: 3279: 3277: 3274: 3272: 3269: 3267: 3264: 3262: 3258: 3255: 3253: 3252: 3248: 3246: 3242: 3238: 3235: 3233: 3230: 3228: 3227: 3223: 3222: 3220: 3216: 3210: 3207: 3205: 3204:Progress M-26 3202: 3200: 3196: 3192: 3188: 3184: 3180: 3176: 3172: 3171: 3167: 3166: 3164: 3160: 3154: 3151: 3149: 3148: 3144: 3142: 3138: 3134: 3131: 3129: 3128: 3124: 3122: 3119: 3118: 3116: 3112: 3107: 3103: 3092: 3084: 3079: 3077: 3072: 3070: 3065: 3064: 3061: 3050: 3043: 3037: 3034: 3032: 3029: 3027: 3023: 3020: 3018: 3015: 3013: 3012:Inmarsat-2 F3 3009: 3006: 3004: 3003:Eutelsat-2 F3 3001: 3000: 2998: 2994: 2988: 2985: 2983: 2980: 2977: 2973: 2972: 2968: 2966: 2963: 2961: 2958: 2956: 2952: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2936: 2933: 2931: 2927: 2923: 2919: 2916: 2915: 2913: 2909: 2903: 2900: 2898: 2895: 2893: 2892:Progress M-10 2890: 2888: 2885: 2883: 2880: 2878: 2875: 2873: 2872: 2868: 2867: 2865: 2861: 2855: 2851: 2847: 2843: 2839: 2835: 2832: 2830: 2827: 2825: 2822: 2820: 2817: 2815: 2812: 2809: 2805: 2804: 2800: 2799: 2797: 2793: 2787: 2786: 2782: 2780: 2777: 2775: 2772: 2770: 2767: 2765: 2762: 2760: 2757: 2755: 2752: 2750: 2749:Meteor-3 No.5 2747: 2745: 2742: 2739: 2735: 2734: 2730: 2728: 2725: 2724: 2722: 2718: 2712: 2709: 2707: 2703: 2699: 2695: 2691: 2687: 2683: 2680: 2678: 2674: 2670: 2666: 2662: 2659: 2657: 2654: 2652: 2649: 2647: 2643: 2640: 2638: 2635: 2634: 2632: 2628: 2622: 2619: 2617: 2614: 2612: 2611: 2607: 2605: 2602: 2600: 2597: 2595: 2592: 2590: 2589: 2585: 2583: 2582:Okean-O1 No.6 2580: 2579: 2577: 2573: 2567: 2564: 2562: 2559: 2557: 2554: 2552: 2549: 2547: 2546: 2542: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2517: 2515: 2512: 2511: 2509: 2505: 2498: 2494: 2490: 2486: 2482: 2478: 2477: 2473: 2471: 2470:Meteor-3 No.6 2468: 2466: 2465: 2461: 2459: 2456: 2454: 2451: 2448: 2444: 2443: 2439: 2437: 2434: 2432: 2428: 2424: 2421: 2420: 2418: 2414: 2408: 2405: 2403: 2400: 2398: 2395: 2393: 2390: 2388: 2385: 2383: 2380: 2378: 2377:Inmarsat-2 F2 2375: 2373: 2370: 2368: 2365: 2363: 2359: 2356: 2355: 2353: 2349: 2343: 2340: 2338: 2335: 2333: 2330: 2328: 2325: 2323: 2320: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2287: 2285: 2282: 2280: 2277: 2276: 2274: 2270: 2264: 2261: 2259: 2256: 2254: 2251: 2249: 2248:Eutelsat-2 F2 2245: 2242: 2240: 2237: 2235: 2232: 2231: 2229: 2225: 2220: 2216: 2205: 2197: 2192: 2190: 2185: 2183: 2178: 2177: 2174: 2162: 2154: 2152: 2151: 2146: 2142: 2140: 2139: 2130: 2128: 2127: 2118: 2117: 2116: 2110: 2100: 2097: 2095: 2092: 2090: 2087: 2085: 2082: 2081: 2079: 2075: 2069: 2066: 2064: 2061: 2059: 2056: 2054: 2051: 2049: 2046: 2044: 2041: 2039: 2036: 2034: 2031: 2029: 2026: 2024: 2021: 2019: 2016: 2014: 2011: 2009: 2006: 2004: 2001: 1999: 1996: 1994: 1991: 1989: 1986: 1984: 1981: 1979: 1976: 1974: 1971: 1969: 1966: 1964: 1961: 1959: 1956: 1954: 1951: 1949: 1946: 1945: 1943: 1937: 1930: 1929: 1925: 1922: 1919: 1916: 1913: 1910: 1907: 1904: 1901: 1898: 1895: 1892: 1889: 1886: 1883: 1880: 1877: 1876: 1874: 1871:demonstrators 1866: 1859: 1856: 1854: 1851: 1848: 1845: 1842: 1839: 1836: 1833: 1830: 1827: 1824: 1821: 1818: 1815: 1812: 1809: 1806: 1803: 1802: 1800: 1796: 1789: 1786: 1783: 1780: 1777: 1774: 1771: 1768: 1765: 1762: 1759: 1756: 1753: 1750: 1747: 1744: 1741: 1738: 1737: 1735: 1732: 1728: 1717: 1716: 1712: 1709: 1708: 1704: 1701: 1700: 1696: 1693: 1692: 1688: 1685: 1684: 1680: 1677: 1676: 1672: 1669: 1668: 1663: 1662: 1658: 1655: 1654: 1650: 1647: 1646: 1642: 1639: 1636: 1633: 1630: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1616: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1598: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1584: 1581: 1578: 1575: 1572: 1569: 1566: 1563: 1560: 1557: 1554: 1551: 1548: 1545: 1542: 1539: 1536: 1533: 1530: 1527: 1524: 1521: 1518: 1515: 1512: 1511: 1509: 1505: 1498: 1497: 1493: 1490: 1489: 1485: 1482: 1481: 1477: 1474: 1473: 1469: 1466: 1465: 1461: 1458: 1455: 1452: 1449: 1446: 1443: 1440: 1437: 1434: 1431: 1428: 1425: 1422: 1419: 1416: 1413: 1410: 1407: 1404: 1401: 1398: 1395: 1392: 1389: 1386: 1383: 1380: 1377: 1374: 1371: 1368: 1365: 1364: 1362: 1357:Astronomy and 1354: 1347: 1346: 1342: 1339: 1338: 1334: 1331: 1329: 1325: 1322: 1321: 1317: 1314: 1311: 1308: 1305: 1302: 1301: 1296: 1293: 1292:Venus Express 1290: 1287: 1283: 1280: 1277: 1274: 1271: 1268: 1265: 1262: 1259: 1256: 1255: 1253: 1249: 1242: 1241: 1237: 1234: 1233:Solar Orbiter 1231: 1228: 1225: 1222: 1219: 1216: 1213: 1210: 1207: 1206: 1204: 1202:Solar physics 1200: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1184: 1180: 1170: 1167: 1165: 1162: 1160: 1157: 1155: 1152: 1150: 1147: 1145: 1142: 1141: 1139: 1135: 1129: 1126: 1124: 1121: 1120: 1118: 1114: 1108: 1105: 1101: 1100:Cosmic Vision 1098: 1096: 1093: 1092: 1091: 1088: 1086: 1083: 1081: 1078: 1076: 1073: 1071: 1068: 1066: 1063: 1061: 1058: 1056: 1053: 1051: 1048: 1046: 1043: 1039: 1036: 1035: 1034: 1031: 1029: 1026: 1024: 1021: 1017: 1014: 1013: 1012: 1009: 1008: 1006: 1002: 996: 993: 991: 988: 987: 985: 981: 975: 972: 970: 967: 965: 962: 960: 957: 955: 952: 950: 947: 945: 942: 940: 937: 936: 934: 930: 924: 921: 919: 916: 914: 911: 910: 908: 906: 902: 896: 893: 891: 888: 887: 885: 883: 879: 875: 871: 864: 859: 857: 852: 850: 845: 844: 841: 834: 830: 827: 824: 822: 819: 818: 814: 805: 798: 795: 791: 780: 776: 769: 766: 754: 750: 744: 741: 736: 735: 730: 723: 720: 708: 704: 698: 695: 683: 679: 675: 674:"ESA - ERS-2" 669: 666: 653: 649: 645: 639: 637: 635: 631: 618: 614: 610: 604: 602: 598: 586: 585:earth.esa.int 582: 576: 573: 561: 557: 550: 547: 540: 533: 528: 524: 520: 516: 512: 508: 503: 502: 498: 494: 491: 489: 486: 485: 481: 470: 465: 463: 460: 457: 453: 450: 445: 443: 439: 433: 431: 424: 420: 416: 413: 409: 405: 401: 398:GOME (Global 397: 396: 395: 393: 392:French Guiana 389: 385: 375: 371: 367: 365: 361: 357: 353: 348: 344: 340: 336: 332: 328: 324: 319: 315: 311: 307: 305: 301: 297: 293: 289: 280: 278: 276: 272: 267: 265: 261: 252: 250: 248: 244: 240: 236: 233: 225: 221: 218: 217:Scatterometer 215: 212: 209: 205: 202: 198: 195: 191: 187: 184: 176: 173: 169: 165: 164: 163: 157: 155: 153: 150: 146: 142: 138: 134: 125: 121: 118:10 March 2000 117: 113: 108: 104: 100: 96: 94: 90: 86: 82: 78: 69: 67: 65: 61: 57: 53: 49: 41: 37: 33: 19: 3810: 3698: 3661: 3649: 3604:Telstar 402R 3587: 3580: 3538: 3534:Molniya 3-59 3468: 3422: 3415: 3370:Intelsat 706 3348: 3301:Brasilsat B2 3285: 3271:Intelsat 705 3249: 3224: 3168: 3145: 3125: 3121:Intelsat 704 3048: 3031:Gran' No.39L 2969: 2869: 2801: 2783: 2754:Progress M-9 2731: 2727:Molniya 1-82 2660: 2608: 2604:Molniya 1-81 2586: 2566:Progress M-8 2543: 2474: 2462: 2440: 2387:Progress M-7 2342:Gran' No.38L 2332:Molniya 1-80 2239:Progress M-6 2148: 2137: 2124: 2114: 2023:Lunar Lander 1941:and proposed 1926: 1713: 1705: 1697: 1689: 1681: 1673: 1665: 1659: 1651: 1643: 1531: 1525: 1494: 1486: 1478: 1470: 1462: 1343: 1335: 1327: 1318: 1299: 1276:Mars Express 1238: 1116:Predecessors 1095:Horizon 2000 797: 789: 782:. Retrieved 778: 768: 756:. Retrieved 743: 734:Live Science 732: 722: 712:16 September 710:. Retrieved 697: 685:. Retrieved 677: 668: 656:. Retrieved 647: 621:. Retrieved 612: 588:. Retrieved 584: 575: 563:. Retrieved 559: 549: 514: 510: 461: 458: 454: 446: 434: 427: 412:spectrometer 410:and visible 383: 381: 295:Mission type 268: 256: 229: 161: 143:rocket. The 132: 131: 84:Mission type 51: 47: 46: 36: 3779:Kosmos 2326 3764:Kosmos 2325 3760:Kosmos 2324 3756:Kosmos 2323 3669:Kosmos 2322 3630:Kosmos 2321 3614:Kosmos 2320 3594:SPARTAN-201 3582:Soyuz TM-22 3556:Kosmos 2319 3494:Kosmos 2318 3490:Kosmos 2317 3486:Kosmos 2316 3446:Kosmos 2315 3430:Kosmos 2314 3406:Kosmos 2313 3385:Kosmos 2312 3325:Orbcomm FM2 3321:Orbcomm FM1 3276:Kosmos 2311 3266:Kosmos 2310 3251:Soyuz TM-21 3245:Kosmos 2309 3241:Kosmos 2308 3237:Kosmos 2307 3232:Kosmos 2306 3175:SPARTAN-204 3036:Zhongxing-4 3017:Kosmos 2174 2982:Kosmos 2173 2965:Kosmos 2172 2960:Kosmos 2171 2955:Kosmos 2170 2951:Kosmos 2169 2947:Kosmos 2168 2943:Kosmos 2167 2939:Kosmos 2166 2935:Kosmos 2165 2887:Kosmos 2164 2882:Kosmos 2163 2877:Foton No.7L 2871:Soyuz TM-13 2854:Kosmos 2162 2850:Kosmos 2161 2846:Kosmos 2160 2842:Kosmos 2159 2838:Kosmos 2158 2834:Kosmos 2157 2824:Kosmos 2156 2814:Kosmos 2155 2764:Kosmos 2154 2656:Kosmos 2153 2651:Kosmos 2152 2599:Kosmos 2151 2594:Kosmos 2150 2556:Kosmos 2149 2545:Soyuz TM-12 2539:Kosmos 2148 2535:Kosmos 2147 2531:Kosmos 2146 2527:Kosmos 2145 2523:Kosmos 2144 2519:Kosmos 2143 2458:Kosmos 2142 2447:Compton GRO 2431:Kosmos 2141 2427:Kosmos 2140 2423:Kosmos 2139 2402:Kosmos 2138 2392:Kosmos 2137 2367:Kosmos 2136 2337:Kosmos 2135 2327:Kosmos 2134 2322:Kosmos 2133 2317:Kosmos 2132 2313:Kosmos 2131 2309:Kosmos 2130 2305:Kosmos 2129 2301:Kosmos 2128 2297:Kosmos 2127 2293:Kosmos 2126 2289:Kosmos 2125 2284:Kosmos 2124 2279:Kosmos 2123 2258:Kosmos 2122 2253:Kosmos 2121 2161:WikiProject 2033:MarcoPolo-R 1983:Don Quijote 1953:Ariane 5 ME 1917:(2015–2017) 1847:Galileo FOC 1841:Galileo IOV 1813:(1989–1993) 1752:Jules Verne 1733:spaceflight 1564:(2009–2013) 1552:(2003–2007) 1550:Double Star 1546:(2002–2012) 1534:(1995–2011) 1528:(1991–2000) 1522:(1977–1997) 1435:(2009–2013) 1429:(2009–2013) 1405:(1995–1998) 1387:(1989–1993) 1381:(1983–1986) 1375:(1978–1996) 1369:(1975–1982) 1307:BepiColombo 1294:(2005–2014) 1288:(2004–2016) 1272:(2003–2006) 1266:(1997–2005) 1260:(1985–1992) 1229:(2000–2024) 1217:(1990–2009) 1211:(1977–1987) 1144:Arianespace 784:21 February 758:18 February 687:31 December 658:31 December 623:31 December 565:31 December 419:chlorophyll 408:ultraviolet 364:Inclination 326:Deactivated 158:Instruments 152:polar orbit 64:polar orbit 3825:Categories 3793:EchoStar I 3747:Télécom 2C 3685:Radarsat-1 3565:FASat-Alfa 3529:Koreasat 1 3515:Interbol 1 3305:Hot Bird 1 3261:Himawari 5 3199:ODERACS 2F 3195:ODERACS 2E 3191:ODERACS 2D 3187:ODERACS 2C 3183:ODERACS 2B 3179:ODERACS 2A 3008:Telecom 2A 2706:Microsat 7 2702:Microsat 6 2698:Microsat 5 2694:Microsat 4 2690:Microsat 3 2686:Microsat 2 2682:Microsat 1 2362:Meteosat 5 2048:Phootprint 2028:Marco Polo 1869:Technology 1699:MetOp-SG-B 1691:MetOp-SG-A 1667:Sentinel-4 1638:ADM-Aeolus 1618:Sentinel-3 1600:Sentinel-2 1586:Sentinel-1 1514:Copernicus 1409:XMM-Newton 1227:Cluster II 1033:Copernicus 1004:Programmes 932:Facilities 882:Spaceports 556:"ERS 1, 2" 541:References 423:vegetation 334:Decay date 260:bathymetry 197:radiometer 170:-pointing 139:aboard an 54:) was the 3769:Galaxy 3R 3721:AsiaSat 2 3574:September 3540:GEMStar 1 3451:Helios 1A 3411:DirecTV-3 3329:OrbView-1 3295:UNAMSAT-A 3209:Foton #10 3133:Tsikada 1 3127:Express 1 2795:September 2665:Orbcomm-X 2561:Satcom C5 2481:IBSS/SPAS 2244:Italsat 1 2089:CryoSat-1 2063:STE-QUEST 1998:Eddington 1988:e.Deorbit 1939:Cancelled 1811:Olympus-1 1653:EarthCARE 1574:CryoSat-2 1423:(2006–13) 1399:(1992–93) 1385:Hipparcos 1359:cosmology 406:scanning 308:1995-021A 304:COSPAR ID 275:gyroscope 222:MWR is a 201:microwave 175:altimeter 145:satellite 97:1991-050A 93:COSPAR ID 58:'s first 3751:INSAT-2C 3730:December 3678:November 3645:Astra 1E 3551:N-STAR a 3519:Maigon 4 3287:Gurwin 1 3162:February 3147:Apstar 2 3141:Astrid 1 3137:Faisat 1 3026:Magion 3 2996:December 2911:November 2673:Tubsat-A 2358:Astra 1B 2272:February 2150:Wikinews 2126:Category 1746:Columbus 1670:) (2024) 1480:ARRAKIHS 1433:Herschel 1415:INTEGRAL 1345:EnVision 1298:ExoMars 1154:EUMETSAT 1045:Columbus 1038:Sentinel 918:Ariane 6 913:Ariane 5 829:Archived 648:eoPortal 613:eoPortal 466:See also 355:Altitude 194:infrared 188:ATSR-1 ( 141:Ariane 4 115:Declared 3788:Skipper 3742:USA-116 3694:USA-115 3689:SURFSAT 3657:USA-114 3623:October 3546:JCSAT-3 3499:USA-113 3464:USA-112 3390:USA-111 3365:USA-110 3281:USA-109 3153:USA-108 3114:January 2863:October 2829:Anik E1 2785:Unnamed 2769:Yuri 3b 2677:UoSAT-5 2646:Losat-X 2610:Unnamed 2514:NOAA-12 2436:Anik E2 2407:Almaz 1 2234:NATO 4A 2227:January 2138:Commons 2115:italics 2084:Cluster 2068:THESEUS 2053:SOLARIS 1928:PROBA-3 1921:OPS-SAT 1903:PROBA-V 1897:PROBA-2 1885:PROBA-1 1835:HYLAS-1 1829:GIOVE-B 1823:GIOVE-A 1817:Artemis 1645:Biomass 1544:Envisat 1483:(2030s) 1282:Rosetta 1270:SMART-1 1264:Huygens 1215:Ulysses 1195:Science 1070:ExoMars 1060:GALILEO 1050:CryoSat 1011:Artemis 990:ESTRACK 895:Esrange 519:Bibcode 449:Envisat 442:Envisat 438:MetOp-A 253:Mission 239:latchup 3784:IRS-1C 3716:Gals 2 3700:STS-74 3663:METEOR 3651:STS-73 3640:Luch-1 3589:STS-69 3561:Sich-1 3508:August 3475:TDRS-7 3470:STS-70 3459:UPMSat 3455:Cerise 3424:STS-71 3417:STEP-3 3380:GOES 9 3375:Spektr 3339:AMSC-1 3334:Ofek-3 3226:STS-67 3170:STS-63 3106:1996 → 3091:← 1994 2987:USA-73 2976:USA-75 2971:STS-44 2930:USA-77 2926:USA-76 2922:USA-74 2918:USA-72 2803:STS-48 2779:Yohkoh 2774:IRS-1B 2738:TDRS-5 2733:STS-43 2720:August 2642:USA-71 2588:STS-40 2497:USA-70 2476:STS-39 2442:STS-37 2372:USA-69 2219:1992 → 2204:← 1990 2094:GEOS 1 2077:Failed 2043:ODINUS 2013:Hopper 2008:Hermes 2003:EXPERT 1931:(2024) 1911:(2015) 1893:(2007) 1881:(1998) 1807:(1978) 1805:GEOS 2 1790:(2021) 1784:(2014) 1778:(2013) 1772:(2012) 1766:(2011) 1758:Cupola 1754:(2008) 1718:(2027) 1710:(2025) 1702:(2025) 1694:(2025) 1686:(2025) 1678:(2025) 1675:ALTIUS 1656:(2024) 1648:(2024) 1499:(2035) 1491:(2035) 1488:Athena 1475:(2029) 1467:(2026) 1457:Euclid 1445:CHEOPS 1427:Planck 1397:Eureca 1379:EXOSAT 1348:(2031) 1340:(2029) 1332:(2028) 1323:(2024) 1315:(2023) 1286:Philae 1258:Giotto 1243:(2031) 1209:ISEE-2 1023:Aurora 654:. 2012 619:. 2012 430:tandem 388:Kourou 3524:PAS-4 3349:ERS-2 3314:April 3291:EKA-2 3218:March 2661:ERS-1 2493:CRO-C 2489:CRO-B 2485:CRO-A 2464:BS-3h 2453:ASC-2 2416:April 2351:March 2058:SPICA 1853:EGNOS 1715:FORUM 1707:SMILE 1580:Swarm 1556:MetOp 1532:ERS-2 1526:ERS-1 1472:ARIEL 1464:PLATO 1421:CoRoT 1367:Cos-B 1330:rover 1240:Vigil 1164:GEWEX 1107:Pride 1065:ELIPS 1055:EGNOS 590:8 May 499:Notes 404:nadir 400:Ozone 384:ERS-2 368:98.5° 286:ERS-2 281:ERS-2 264:geoid 232:laser 206:SAR ( 172:radar 168:nadir 133:ERS-1 75:ERS-1 70:ERS-1 18:ERS-1 3798:RXTE 3737:SOHO 3439:July 3399:June 3099:1995 2808:UARS 2669:SARA 2630:July 2575:June 2212:1991 2018:LOFT 1993:EChO 1973:CSTS 1948:AIDA 1891:YES2 1683:FLEX 1568:SMOS 1562:GOCE 1496:LISA 1439:Gaia 1320:Hera 1221:SOHO 1075:FLPP 923:Vega 786:2024 760:2024 714:2016 689:2022 660:2022 625:2022 592:2022 567:2022 440:and 421:and 262:and 214:Wind 199:and 183:band 3711:ISO 3598:WSF 3358:May 3257:SFU 2621:REX 2507:May 2495:), 1909:IXV 1879:ARD 1731:ISS 1403:ISO 1373:IUE 1028:ATV 1016:ESM 749:ESA 703:ESA 682:ESA 652:ESA 617:ESA 527:doi 52:ERS 3827:: 3786:, 3762:, 3758:, 3749:, 3705:SO 3687:, 3596:, 3563:, 3517:, 3492:, 3488:, 3457:, 3453:, 3327:, 3323:, 3303:, 3293:, 3289:, 3259:, 3243:, 3239:, 3197:, 3193:, 3189:, 3185:, 3181:, 3177:, 3139:, 3135:, 3024:, 3010:, 2953:, 2949:, 2945:, 2941:, 2937:, 2928:, 2924:, 2920:, 2852:, 2848:, 2844:, 2840:, 2836:, 2704:, 2700:, 2696:, 2692:, 2688:, 2684:, 2675:, 2671:, 2667:, 2663:, 2644:, 2537:, 2533:, 2529:, 2525:, 2521:, 2491:, 2487:, 2429:, 2425:, 2360:, 2315:, 2311:, 2307:, 2303:, 2299:, 2295:, 2291:, 2246:, 1626:3B 1624:/ 1622:3A 1620:/ 1612:2C 1610:/ 1608:2B 1606:/ 1604:2A 1602:/ 1594:1B 1592:/ 1590:1A 1588:/ 788:. 777:. 751:. 731:. 705:. 680:. 676:. 650:. 646:. 633:^ 615:. 611:. 600:^ 583:. 558:. 525:. 513:. 509:. 390:, 3707:) 3703:( 3600:) 3592:( 3477:) 3473:( 3173:( 3082:e 3075:t 3068:v 2978:) 2974:( 2810:) 2806:( 2740:) 2736:( 2499:) 2483:( 2479:( 2449:) 2445:( 2195:e 2188:t 2181:v 1664:( 1284:/ 862:e 855:t 848:v 762:. 737:. 716:. 691:. 662:. 627:. 594:. 569:. 535:. 529:: 521:: 515:9 414:. 185:. 181:u 179:K 50:( 34:. 20:)

Index

ERS-1
Environmental Research Satellite § TRS_Mk._1

European Space Agency
Earth-observing satellite
polar orbit
COSPAR ID
Guiana Space Centre
Ariane 4
satellite
Sun-synchronous
polar orbit
nadir
radar
altimeter
Ku band
Along-Track Scanning Radiometer
infrared
radiometer
microwave
synthetic-aperture radar
Wind
Scatterometer
Microwave Radiometer
laser
retroreflector
latchup
retroreflector
radar altimeter
bathymetry

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