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potatoes, some cattle and pigs were also being raised. Working so near the Eagle Farm swamp caused a noticeable increase in malaria amongst the convicts, but despite calls for its abandonment, the farm was maintained. By 1836, 768 acres (311 ha) had been cleared, but no more than 46 acres (19 ha) were under cultivation. However, a historical report produced by Paul Ashron and Sue Rosen in 1990 suggests the area under cultivation was closer to 700 acres (280 ha). Prangley in "The Eagle Farm agricultural establishment" was unable to be definitive on this issue, saying the amount of actual area under cultivation "remains unclear".
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construction and a slab kitchen at rear. All were slab buildings including the Female
Factory which comprised a number of four-roomed accommodation buildings; a store, a school, a hospital (plastered) and workhouse, each of one room; a two-roomed building housing the cook house and needle room; and a block of six cells. The area was surrounded by a double fence, the outer being a stockade of strut poles with sharp tops, 17 feet (5.2 m) high, 320 feet (98 m) long and 311 feet (95 m) deep.
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aboriginal natives; at seasons of the year they are very dangerous and troublesome." This was at odds with the observations of
Commandant Cotton the following year who wrote "the tribes which occupy the lands immediately adjacent to Brisbane Town, after an acquaintance of several years, come amongst us in confidence, a good understanding prevails between them and us… These tribes were formerly extremely hostile…".
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rooms and sundry separate buildings including a one-room store, a one-room school and a one room hospital. The cook house had two rooms, one being a needle room where prisoners worked at sewing. The actual prison where women were locked up at night was a building containing six cells with a tall stockade or pallisade type fence, the outer wall 5.2-metre (17 ft) high poles, the tops of which were sharpened.
295:. Women caught were put in solitary confinement in tiny cells, put in irons or had their heads shaved. Patrick McDonald was replaced as supervisor for having aided and abetted access by amorous constables. In August 1836 Fyans caught the colony's Chief Constable climbing over the walls by means of an "ingenious ladder", which prompted him to reduce the numbers of women in Brisbane Town to 14 of the oldest.
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In the first years of the penal settlement there was a substantial population of local
Aborigines in the area, their numbers depending on the season. In April 1836 Dr Robertson, the penal surgeon, wrote of the long road between Brisbane and Eagle Farm passing through "the fishing ground of a tribe of
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used the airport. The site ceased operation as an aerodrome in 1931, although it continued to be used for gliders. However, in World War II, the site was refurbished in 1942 as a major airbase for the US Pacific
Military Command. This involved covering the site with fill of variable depth. After the
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Women worked in the fields and in the prison, doing needlework, laundry, unpicking ropes and even in road construction. Several timber slab buildings included the farm superintendent's house, a two-room building for male prisoners who did heavy work, the Matron's
Quarters, a female factory with four
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The impetus to move the women convicts from Queen Street to Eagle Farm was their proximity to the main male population in
Brisbane, which led to sexual forays between the women and soldiers and officials of the colony, despite the high stone walls of the factory being topped with broken glass. These
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The Eagle Farm Women's Prison and
Factory Site has potential to reveal substrata evidence of a number of factors including the administration of the convict system in the final years of transportation, the confinement and punishment of female convicts, building materials and construction technology
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Railway, to the east by Viola Place, to the west by the
Gateway Arterial Road, to the north-west by a drainage channel and to the north-east by Lomandra Drive and Cassia Place. The land in the centre of the area is now flat and featureless, apart from remnant structures from WWII and the remains of
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From the 1840s to the 1930s the land was used for mixed farming including citrus fruit, dairying, cattle grazing, and small crops. Aborigines were known to raid produce and dwellings in the vicinity of
Brisbane including small farms from Breakfast Creek to Eagle Farm, mostly in the period 1845-54
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The Eagle Farm Women's Prison and
Factory Site is significant as one of few sites surviving in Brisbane from the convict period and a remnant of only seven sites associated with secondary punishment in Australia. Further, the Women's Prison and Factory Site is one of even fewer sites, both in
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of the Moreton Bay Penal Settlement founded a secondary agricultural establishment at Eagle Farm approximately eight miles from Brisbane. One hundred and fifty men were deployed to clear the scrub. By January 1832 about 680 acres (280 ha) were under cultivation with mostly maize and some
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By March 1839 the Eagle Farm Women's Prison and Factory consisted of a Supervisor's cottage with walls plastered internally and externally, with detached slab kitchen at rear. A two-roomed hut occupied by male convicts and two-roomed hut serving as matron's quarters, with another room under
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In May 1839 the remaining 57 convict women were shipped to Sydney and the penal settlement at Eagle Farm was effectively closed, becoming a government cattle station by 1841. In 1841 the superintendent's quarters were occupied by assistant surveyor Robert Dixon and then briefly by
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By August 1836 the number of women at the original female factory in Queen Street had increased to 76. By the end of June 1836 the construction of strong slab cells at Eagle Farm was considered necessary and in 1837 all female prisoners in
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The Eagle Farm Women's Prison and Factory Site is significant as one of the earliest sites of building activity in Queensland, initial construction having occurred within 5 years of the establishment of the settlement of Brisbane Town.
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were removed to Eagle Farm. By November 1838 the decision had been taken to abandon the Moreton Bay penal settlement and the numbers of convicts, both men and women, started declining rapidly as the penal settlement began to wind up.
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Stationing female felons at Eagle Farm was an attempt to reduce fraternisation between the women and male convicts and the military, with the latter being forbidden to cross the bridge at
259:. The site is historically important as one of a small number of convict sites remaining in Queensland with surviving original fabric (even though only as an archaeological deposit).
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Ashton and Rosen in Higginbotham, Historical and archaeological assessment of the Eagle Farm agricultural establishment, female factory and prison, Eagle Farm, Brisbane, Queensland.
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says by 1834. Prangley notes there is mention of three dairywomen in the work list for 1828, but these may have been associated with the principal colony farm at
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The old Eagle Farm airport, of which the site of the former Eagle Farm convict settlement forms part, is bounded on the south by Lamington Avenue and the
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The buildings on the women's prison site were demolished at an unknown date. The superintendent's house was thought to have survived until at least 1890.
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from the convict period, with the former Moreton Bay penal settlement being one of only seven sites in Australia associated with secondary punishment.
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war, in 1949 Eagle Farm became Brisbane's main airport, known as Brisbane Airport. In 1988 the airport closed again, aviation moving to the present
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Prangley, Dean Queensland History Journal, Vol. 21, No. 12, February 2013, The Royal Queensland Historical Society of Queensland ISSN 1836-5477
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The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.
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310:. All sources agree by 1836 there were 40 women, when conditions of the farm and factory were documented by the Quaker missionaries
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after the penal settlement was closed down and the area was opened to white settlers. In 1850, 31 Aborigines armed with spears and
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The establishment of the Eagle Farm Women's Prison and Factory Site is associated with early historical figures such as
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Eagle Farm Women's Prison and Factory Site, Eagle Farm Agricultural Establishment, Eagle Farm Women's Prison and Factory
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descended on Breakfast Creek and dug up the potatoes of Martin Frawley, the former convict miller turned farmer.
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There are conflicting reports about when the first female convicts started working at the farm and factory. The
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The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of Queensland's history.
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Brisbane: The Aboriginal Presence 1824-1860, Edited by Rod Fisher, Brisbane History Group Papers No. 11, 1992
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271:(who, like the men, were double offenders) were originally housed in a women's gaol, or Female Factory, in
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and artefacts associated with the activities, occupations and social status of groups and individuals.
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from World War II also survived on the former airport site and are both separately heritage-listed.
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Virtually none of the old airport area exists as it did prior to European settlement. Only the
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The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland's cultural heritage.
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The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history.
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376:. In 1925 a hangar was built for government use and in 1927 a hangar was built for
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Brisbane and in the national context, associated specifically with female felons.
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In 1922, the land was acquired by the Australian Government for an aerodrome, the
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of the Eagle Farm Settlement survive, having been covered with fill in 1942. The
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Australian Heritage Database, Department of Environment, Australian Government
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forbidden fraternisations intensely annoyed the penal colony's Commandant,
216:(also known as Eagle Farm Agricultural Establishment) is a heritage-listed
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History of Corrective Services in Queensland, Queensland Government.
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on 8 October 2014). The geo-coordinates were computed from the
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Location of Eagle Farm Women's Prison and Factory in Queensland
232:, Australia. It operated between 1829 and 1839 as part of the
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Eagle Farm Women's Prison and Factory Site was listed on the
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on 7 February 2005 having satisfied the following criteria.
405:. The women's prison site then became an open grassed area.
574:"Eagle Farm Women's Prison and Factory Site (entry 600186)"
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runways from the post- war development of the airport.
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Plan of Female Factory, Brisbane Town, Moreton Bay 1837
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This Knowledge (XXG) article incorporates text from
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851:Defunct women's prisons in Australia
236:. It is on the site now part of the
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759:licence (accessed on 7 July 2014,
748:"The Queensland heritage register"
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831:Convicts transported to Australia
866:1829 establishments in Australia
801:TradeCoast Central Heritage Park
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253:Register of the National Estate
138:state heritage (archaeological)
35:Footpath through the site, 2015
791:Queensland Places - Eagle Farm
403:Brisbane International Airport
101:1824–1841 (convict settlement)
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719:. Queensland Heritage Council
691:. Queensland Heritage Council
582:. Queensland Heritage Council
438:Second World War Hangar No. 7
434:Allison Engine Testing Stands
282:In September 1829 Commandant
277:General Post Office, Brisbane
275:, on the site of the present
846:Moreton Bay penal settlement
826:Queensland Heritage Register
716:Queensland Heritage Register
688:Queensland Heritage Register
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380:. Aviation pioneers such as
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269:Moreton Bay penal settlement
267:Female convicts sent to the
257:Queensland Heritage Register
255:and is also included on the
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234:Moreton Bay penal settlement
120:Queensland Heritage Register
251:The site was listed on the
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861:Australian Convict Sites
856:Convictism in Queensland
489:New South Wales Governor
382:Charles Kingsford Smith
871:1839 disestablishments
821:Eagle Farm, Queensland
495:and Commandant Logan.
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273:Queen Street, Brisbane
244:. It was added to the
167:Significant components
44:116 Lamington Avenue,
836:Former penal colonies
781:on 15 October 2014).
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876:Women in agriculture
816:Prisons in Australia
293:Captain Foster Fyans
248:on 7 February 2005.
238:Australia TradeCoast
82:27.4262°S 153.0882°E
771:State of Queensland
753:State of Queensland
521:History of Brisbane
314:and George Walker.
218:archaeological site
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302:says by 1830, the
242:Eagle Farm Airport
162:1830s (historical)
159:Significant period
151:Reference no.
87:-27.4262; 153.0882
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394:Amy Johnson
386:Charles Ulm
85: /
73:153°05′18″E
61:Coordinates
56:, Australia
810:Categories
527:References
230:Queensland
222:Eagle Farm
143:Designated
70:27°25′34″S
54:Queensland
46:Eagle Farm
109:1830–1839
779:archived
761:archived
723:1 August
695:1 August
586:1 August
499:See also
422:Pinkenba
410:Brisbane
401:site as
308:New Farm
41:Location
364:waddies
263:History
773:under
755:under
378:Qantas
154:600186
106:Built
725:2014
697:2014
588:2014
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