1768:
2008:
3828:
961:
3911:
33:
3323:
1300:
3918:
3657:
1121:
3151:
2825:
1670:
3570:
2908:
1775:
789:
529:
3421:
1207:
3158:
2507:
3577:
3835:
1293:
796:
2587:
3245:
3414:
2015:
611:
3745:
883:
3330:
2422:
2990:
1042:
2500:
3066:
702:
618:
2415:
2337:
2832:
709:
2667:
1677:
3738:
6699:
2167:
391:
382:
364:
328:
319:
310:
301:
283:
274:
265:
238:
229:
220:
211:
202:
193:
184:
157:
148:
139:
130:
121:
112:
103:
94:
85:
49:
40:
3238:
2330:
400:
373:
355:
346:
337:
292:
256:
247:
175:
166:
76:
67:
58:
876:
421:
415:
3898:
The blockhouse was D-shaped, with a circular bastion facing the river. There were probably additional battery positions on both sides of the main defences, an additional outer ditch and ramparts were constructed in 1588. It was controlled by
Parliament during the English Civil War and used to control
3484:
The castle comprised a keep, gun platforms and angled bastions, forming an early
English example of the trace italienne-style of fortification. It saw brief action at the start of the English Civil War when it was stormed by Parliamentary forces. The castle was expanded in the 1680s by Sir Bernard de
3225:
The castle comprised a blockhouse attached to an octagonal gun room, overlooking the sea; further earthwork defences were added, probably in 1623. It changed hands several times during the
English Civil War, and was taken out of active service in 1665. It suffered badly from erosion, and by the 1950s
1584:
Three blockhouses were constructed, Tower House, Middle House and the House-upon-the-Hill, each with garrisons of two officers and between six and nine men. They were decommissioned in 1552, and, by 1588, two had been pulled down by a local citizen. The site of House-upon-the-Hill has since been lost
776:
The castle had a keep at its centre, surrounded by a curtain wall and a moat. Initially heavily armed, it had a garrison of 16 men and as many as 36 artillery guns. The castle became a base for seaplanes in 1913, and, as RAF Calshot, remained active until its closure in 1961. After a short period of
1744:
The castle comprised two large, curved bastions, with a rectangular keep at its centre; the blockhouses to its north and south had three curved bastions supporting guns, and a curtain wall and moat linked the blockhouses and castle. The town took over responsibility for these defences in 1553, which
950:
The castle comprised a keep with six inner and outer bastions, and had sixty-six firing positions for artillery. During the Second
English Civil War, it was seized by pro-Royalist insurgents and retaken by Parliamentary forces only after several months' fighting. Deal was adapted during the 18th and
685:
The castle comprised a stone blockhouse with an adjacent, hexagonal gun platform, garrisoned by the local town with six soldiers and armed with eight artillery pieces. It was occupied by
Parliament during the English Civil War, and was turned into a country house during the 18th century. It is now a
2487:
The castle had a circular keep and gun platform, which was expanded at the end of the 16th century with a ring of extensive ramparts and bastions. Pendennis saw service during the
English Civil War and was besieged in 1646. It was modernised and upgraded in the 1730s and again during the 1790s, and
1923:
An earthwork fort with a garrison of two officers and up to six men, positioned on the shore. Plans were made for a replacement stone blockhouse, similar to
Southsea Castle, in 1543 but the work was not carried out. It was decommissioned in 1552. Further plans were made for a bulwark at the site in
478:
and, upgraded with more modern artillery and defences, throughout the 19th century. By 1900, however, developments in guns and armour had made most of the Device Forts that remained in service simply too small to be practical in modern coastal defence. Despite being brought back into use during the
4003:
In the 16th century, a variety of terms were used to describe these fortifications, including "blockhouses", "bulwarks", "castles" and "fortresses". Modern historians have also used different terms to describe and analyse the fortifications: B. Morley, for example, distinguishes between "Henrician
3983:
The castle comprised a square artillery fort, built around a central courtyard with an angular bastion protecting the landward side. The bastion was a departure from earlier approaches and
Yarmouth was the first to adopt this Italian-styled design in England. It remained in military and government
3640:
The castle comprised a keep and four circular bastions, covering 0.61 acres (0.25 ha). During the Second
English Civil War, Walmer was seized by pro-Royalist insurgents and was only retaken by Parliamentary forces after several months' fighting. In the 18th century, Walmer became the official
2402:
The castle had a central, stone keep with two flanking gun platforms and was garrisoned by ten men. It was decommissioned during the
English Civil War, but in the 19th century it was renovated to form a private house. It was used as a nursing home between 1939 and 1998, before being converted into
2152:
The bulwark comprised an earthwork defence, forming part of a chain between Sandown and Walmer Castle, linked by a trench or a covered way. It was designed by Stephen Haschenperg. By 1547, the bulwark was defaced and the guns had been removed; it was formally removed from service in 1550. The site
1511:
The bulwark comprised an earthwork defence, forming part of a chain between Sandown and Walmer Castle, linked by a trench or a covered way. It was designed by Stephen Haschenperg. By 1547, the bulwark was defaced and the guns had been removed; it was formally removed from service in 1550. The site
1438:
The bulwark comprised an earthwork defence, forming part of a chain between Sandown and Walmer Castle, linked by a trench or a covered way. It was designed by Stephen Haschenperg. By 1547, the bulwark was defaced and the guns had been removed; it was formally removed from service in 1550. The site
2654:
The castle comprised a keep with a circular bastion, surrounded by a moat. A survey of 1559 showed it to be heavily armed. In the English Civil War it was occupied by Parliamentary forces who decommissioned it; most of the castle has been destroyed by the sea and only a few parts of the stonework
863:
The castle was rebuilt on the site of a previous tower in 1539, and expanded further from 1542 to 1543. The result was a large, concentric fort, with a central keep, surrounded by five circular bastions, built from stone and brick. It may have seen service in 1545 when a French fleet attacked the
3557:
Also known as the Black Bulwark, the bulwark comprised an earthwork defence, forming part of a chain of defences between Sandown and Walmer Castle, linked by a trench or a covered way. It was designed by Stephen Haschenperg. By 1547, the bulwark was defaced and the guns had been removed; it was
2897:
The castle comprised a four-storey central tower and three, protruding round bastions, operating in conjunction with Pendennis Castle. It was taken in the English Civil War by a Parliamentary army without a fight, but remained in use through the 18th and 19th centuries, being updated for modern
2574:
The fan-shaped castle comprises a curved central tower and a gun battery, flanked by two angular wings. During the English Civil War, it survived two sieges before finally surrendering to Parliament in 1646. It continued in use as a fort until the end of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815, when it was
1276:
The blockhouse was probably D-shaped, with a circular bastion facing the river and additional battery positions on both sides of the main defences, built using stone and timber taken from St Margaret's Chantry. The guns were removed in 1553 and it had probably fallen out of use by 1588.
1365:
The blockhouse was probably D-shaped, two storeys tall, with a circular bastion facing the river. There were lines of gun positions on both sides of the main defences. It was repaired in 1588 and 1667 due to the threat of Spanish and Dutch attack. The blockhouse was demolished in 1844.
3055:
The castle was constructed from stone with angular bastions. Its design was a hybrid of Italian and English military designs. The site was raided by a French force while the fortification was still being constructed. The castle suffered from coastal erosion and was demolished in 1631.
2317:
The blockhouse was probably D-shaped, two storeys tall, with a circular bastion facing the river. There were probably additional battery positions on both sides of the main defences. In 1553, orders were issued for its guns to be removed; it was then demolished between 1557 and 1558.
3393:
The castle comprised a keep and four circular bastions, covering 0.59 acres (0.24 ha). During the Second English Civil War it was seized by pro-Royalist insurgents. In the 19th century it was largely demolished by the military; the remaining masonry is now encased in
1657:
The blockhouse was probably D-shaped, with a circular bastion facing the river. There were probably additional battery positions on both sides of the main defences. In 1553, orders were issued for its guns to be removed; it was then demolished between 1557 and 1558.
4004:
castles" and "Henrician blockhouses"; Peter Harrington between the "castles/forts" and "blockhouses"; Andrew Saunders distinguishes between the "castles", "forts" and "blockhouses", but stresses the breadth of the Device programme across England and Wales.
3310:
The castle comprised a central stone keep, with three towers and a gatehouse. It was rebuilt in 1805 during the Napoleonic Wars, the keep becoming a Martello Tower. It suffered badly from coastal erosion, and was sold off into private ownership in 1888.
1842:
The castle had a central keep, surrounded by three circular bastions, and was one of the most powerful forts along the coast. It was modernised to hold heavier guns at the start of the 19th century and during the 1850s. Two long wings for massive
2975:
The blockhouse was an earthwork fort with a garrison of two officers and up to six men, which operated in conjunction with Brightlingsea Blockhouse. It was decommissioned in 1552; a 19th-century Martello Tower may have been built over the site.
458:, overseeing small garrisons of professional gunners and soldiers, who would be supplemented by local militia in an emergency. The Device programme was hugely expensive, costing a total of £376,000, much of it raised from the proceeds of the
598:
The blockhouse was an earthwork fort with a garrison of two officers and up to six men, which operated in partnership with St Osyth Blockhouse. It was decommissioned in 1552 and the site has since been lost, probably due to coastal erosion.
4898:
4013:
Comparing 16th-century costs and prices with those of the modern period depends on the price comparison used. £376,000 in 1546 could be worth between £2,159 million and £67,260 million in 2015 terms, depending on the measure
5669:
465:
The fate of the Device Forts over the coming years varied. Some of the defences were left to deteriorate and were decommissioned only a few years after their construction. Others were kept in service and used during the
2812:
The fort may have been captured by the French during their raid of 1545. There is no mention of it after 1660; a coastal artillery battery was built on top of the site in the 19th century and no trace now remains.
2234:
The fort was triangular in shape, with earthwork walls and three bastions to hold artillery. It was demobilised in 1552, but was brought back into use several times over the next century, including during the
1194:
The castle probably comprised a circular bastion and a square tower. It was abandoned around 1546-47 and fell into ruin. Nothing survives of the site, which was probably finally destroyed by coastal erosion.
6551:
Tapete, Deodato; Bromhead, Edward; Ibsen, Maia; Casagli, Nicola (2013). "Coastal Erosion and Landsliding Impact on Historic Sites in SE Britain". In Margottini, Claudio; Canuti, Paolo; Sassa, Kyoji (eds.).
5573:
4524:
5043:
4902:
6483:
Spurgeon, J. P. G.; Brooke, J. (1996). "Use of the Contingent Evaluation Method to Quantify Some Aspects of the Environmental Effects of Coastal Defence Schemes". In Fleming, C. A. (ed.).
1457:
974:
5395:
542:
32:
2740:, a member of the local gentry. It was decommissioned in 1815, brought back into service in 1855, decommissioned again and finally served as a naval battery in the Second World War.
3844:
2026:
5676:
3135:
The earthen fort comprised a square blockhouse with two angular bastions. Its design expressed some early Italianate concepts. It was extensively rebuilt in 1587, and in the 1850s
1220:
2098:
1384:
2600:
1311:
451:
3079:
2921:
3754:
3503:
2758:
2263:
1603:
454:, the forts were intended to be used against enemy ships before they could land forces or attack vessels lying in harbour. The castles were commanded by captains appointed by
3169:
2433:
1134:
3927:
3256:
2843:
2518:
1055:
951:
19th centuries to form a private house for the castle's captain and was decommissioned in 1904. It was restored by the government during the 1950s as a tourist attraction.
629:
3430:
3339:
3001:
3668:
3586:
2348:
2680:
1869:
1786:
1688:
807:
3808:
The castle comprised a circular bastion, flanking wings and a keep. It very briefly saw action during the English Civil War and was decommissioned in 1854, becoming the
2178:
1942:
1528:
894:
720:
1111:
The blockhouse was never completed, although its remains were used as a defensive site in the Second World War. Some of the site has been lost due to coastal erosion.
408:
5458:
1030:
The tower was built by the local Edgcumbe family, and comprised a one-storey, octagonal granite stone blockhouse, with six gunports overlooking the sea and the land.
2488:
was used during both world wars. It was decommissioned in 1956 and is now managed by English Heritage as a tourist attraction, receiving 74,230 visitors in 2011-12.
487:
over the centuries had extensively damaged or completely destroyed some sites, but others have been restored and opened to the public as tourist attractions.
5413:
5068:
5050:
4930:
A. Baggs; Beryl Board; Philip Crummy; Claude Dove; Shirley Durgan; N. Goose; R. Pugh; Pamela Studd; C. Thornton (1994), Janet Cooper; C. Elrington (eds.),
3722:
The blockhouse was described by contemporaries as comprising a round tower, with eight gunports. It was destroyed in the 19th century to make way for the
1767:
2007:
3966:
3883:
3793:
3707:
3625:
3542:
3469:
3378:
3295:
3208:
3118:
3040:
2960:
2882:
2797:
2719:
2639:
2557:
2472:
2387:
2302:
2217:
2137:
2065:
1981:
1908:
1825:
1727:
1642:
1567:
1496:
1423:
1350:
1259:
1173:
1094:
1013:
933:
846:
759:
668:
581:
6997:
2082:
The blockhouse was built as part of the wider defences of Pendennis Castle, comprising a stone, D-shaped building. It was decommissioned in 1654.
6634:
5399:
434:, also known as Henrician castles and blockhouses, were a series of artillery fortifications built to defend the coast of England and Wales by
3827:
6068:
5934:
6554:
Landslide Science and Practice: Volume 6, Risk Assessment, Management and Migitation edited by Claudio Margottini, Paolo Canuti, Kyoji Sassa
2243:
to oversea the local oyster trade, but fell into decline and was extensively damaged by coastal erosion and the construction of a sea wall.
6987:
960:
3899:
traffic along the Thames. The surrounding fort was hugely expanded after 1670 and the blockhouse itself was finally demolished in 1868.
3910:
6561:
6511:
6492:
6356:
6337:
6229:
6119:
5953:
5875:
5818:
5799:
5748:
5504:
4847:
4666:
4633:
6584:
Walton, Steven A. (2010). "State Building Through Building for the State: Foreign and Domestic Expertise in Tudor Fortification".
6918:
6842:
5773:
Henry VIII's Coastal Artillery Fort at Camber Castle, Rye, East Sussex: An Archaeological Structural and Historical Investigation
4916:
4270:
1996:
An earthwork fort with a garrison of two officers and up to six men, positioned on higher ground. It was decommissioned in 1552.
5417:
3322:
2575:
disarmed, being variously used as a private house, military accommodation and storage until being opened to the public in 1955.
3642:
6447:
6318:
6286:
6172:
6100:
5972:
5894:
5780:
459:
5014:
1752:, and saw military service during the English Civil War. The buildings were incorporated into a larger fortification called
5462:
1299:
6867:
6857:
3656:
3485:
Gomme and was redesigned again during the Napoleonic Wars and throughout the 19th century. It was decommissioned in 1960.
3136:
2981:
2580:
4981:
5625:
5607:
3917:
6734:
5643:
4450:
1120:
84:
6627:
942:
6409:
Saunders, Andrew D. (1960). "Tilbury Fort and the Development of Artillery Fortifications in the Thames Estuary".
3150:
2824:
1669:
6777:
3650:
3645:
and was gradually modified from a military fortification into a private residence, being decommissioned in 1904.
3073:
1035:
309:
5159:
5075:
3569:
2907:
2898:
weaponry. Disarmed in the early 20th century, it was briefly brought back into use during the Second World War.
1774:
528:
264:
6958:
6923:
6663:
2236:
2001:
1844:
138:
6943:
2660:
788:
6815:
6795:
3975:
3821:
1200:
93:
201:
39:
3420:
1206:
1103:
687:
5369:
5348:
5311:
4884:
4703:
4384:
4310:
4284:
1924:
1588, but it is unclear what work, if any, was carried out. Landguard Fort was later built on the point.
390:
273:
111:
6992:
6620:
6388:
2736:
The castle comprised a two-storey, D-shaped blockhouse, and was built, and possibly partly paid for, by
2257:
1848:
435:
4753:
3157:
483:, by the 1950s those fortifications still in use were considered redundant and finally decommissioned.
2506:
6800:
6759:
3809:
3723:
3316:
1286:
1049:
345:
120:
5593:
5145:
4826:
4612:
4573:
4491:
864:
coast. The coastline receded, eventually placing it well in-land and the castle was closed in 1637.
318:
300:
210:
147:
6862:
6739:
6688:
6668:
5334:
5297:
3834:
1851:
guns were added in the 1860s. It was decommissioned in 1956, and is now owned by English Heritage.
1292:
855:
795:
129:
3576:
3244:
6729:
6601:
6426:
2837:
2427:
2226:
2020:
1736:
1682:
590:
381:
282:
228:
156:
102:
3413:
2014:
1281:
was later built just inshore from the blockhouse, which may still survive under the Thames mud.
610:
327:
246:
17:
6042:
Fry, Sebastian (2014). "A History of the National Heritage Collection: Volume Two: 1900-1913".
4358:
2586:
399:
354:
336:
291:
255:
48:
6882:
6872:
6810:
6805:
6557:
6526:
6507:
6488:
6443:
6352:
6333:
6314:
6282:
6244:
6225:
6168:
6115:
6096:
6064:
6047:
6030:
6013:
5987:
5968:
5949:
5930:
5890:
5871:
5833:
5814:
5795:
5776:
5744:
3744:
3731:
2248:
882:
768:
467:
6379:
Rutton, W. L. (1898). "Henry VIII's Castles at Sandown, Deal, Walmer, Sandgate, and Camber".
5758:
Barrett, W. Bowles (1910). "Weymouth and Melcombe Regis in the Time of the Great Civil War".
777:
use by the coastguard, the castle was opened to the public by English Heritage in the 1980s.
363:
57:
6938:
6928:
6593:
6418:
6265:
6208:
6138:
6129:
Harris, Edward C. (1980). "Archaeological Investigations at Sandgate Castle, Kent, 1976-9".
5913:
5854:
5245:
5000:
4931:
3144:
2737:
2512:
2408:
801:
480:
471:
372:
237:
66:
3329:
2421:
183:
174:
6948:
6933:
6913:
6887:
6877:
6754:
6401:
3904:
3407:
3231:
2989:
2818:
2493:
2240:
623:
604:
484:
475:
6470:
Smith, Victor T. C. (1980). "The Milton Blockhouse, Gravesend: Research and Excavation".
5904:
Coad, Jonathan (2006). "Calshot Castle: The Later History of Tudor Fortress, 1793-1945".
219:
192:
165:
75:
2499:
6837:
6744:
3065:
2594:
2566:
1278:
1041:
701:
695:
617:
5173:
2414:
2336:
6981:
6852:
6825:
6769:
6749:
6719:
6605:
6430:
5828:
Chapple, Nick (2014). "A History of the National Collection: Volume Six, 1945-1953".
3563:
2752:
2323:
2172:
2074:
782:
677:
536:
2831:
6847:
6787:
6673:
6643:
6269:
5809:
Chandler, John (1996). "John Leland in the West Country". In Brayshay, Mark (ed.).
5203:
4587:
3217:
3163:
1761:
1753:
1597:
1268:
1214:
1186:
714:
708:
5275:
5119:
4544:
4477:
4324:
4244:
2666:
1676:
5845:
Coad, J. G. (1985). "Hurst Castle: The Evolution of a Tudor Fortress 1790-1945".
5018:
6966:
6724:
6683:
6678:
4704:"Beacon Hill Fort: a late 19th and 20th century coastal artillery fortification"
3737:
3127:
2158:
1663:
869:
6698:
5917:
4144:"Five Ways to Compute the Relative Value of a UK Pound Amount, 1270 to Present"
2166:
6829:
6571:
Thompson, D.; Smith, V. (1977). "The Excavation of the Gravesend Blockhouse".
6422:
4985:
3250:
3237:
2329:
1936:
1863:
1834:
1780:
1451:
1378:
1128:
888:
443:
6051:
5991:
5837:
5629:
5611:
3943:
3929:
3860:
3846:
3770:
3756:
3684:
3670:
3602:
3588:
3519:
3505:
3446:
3432:
3355:
3341:
3272:
3258:
3185:
3171:
3095:
3081:
3017:
3003:
2937:
2923:
2859:
2845:
2774:
2760:
2696:
2682:
2616:
2602:
2534:
2520:
2449:
2435:
2364:
2350:
2279:
2265:
2194:
2180:
2114:
2100:
2042:
2028:
1958:
1944:
1885:
1871:
1802:
1788:
1704:
1690:
1619:
1605:
1544:
1530:
1473:
1459:
1400:
1386:
1327:
1313:
1236:
1222:
1150:
1136:
1071:
1057:
990:
976:
910:
896:
823:
809:
736:
722:
645:
631:
558:
544:
6034:
1305:
455:
6530:
6440:
Fortress Britain: Artillery Fortifications in the British Isles and Ireland
6248:
6017:
5925:
Coad, Jonathan (2008). "History of the Castle". In Lawson, Susannah (ed.).
5647:
4143:
6195:
Kenyon, J. R. (1979). "An Aspect of the 1559 Survey of the Isle of Wight:
5335:"An Inventory of the Historical Monuments in Dorset, Volume 2, South East"
5298:"An Inventory of the Historical Monuments in Dorset, Volume 2, South East"
6897:
6212:
6142:
5858:
5565:
4516:
3399:
3395:
2915:
1749:
1746:
1022:
968:
6010:
Records of Walmer, Together with "The Three Castles that Keep the Downs"
5771:
Biddle, Martin; Hiller, Jonathon; Scott, Ian; Streeten, Anthony (2001).
875:
6655:
6313:. London, UK: Historic Buildings and Monuments Commission for England.
4455:
2995:
1576:
447:
420:
6905:
6711:
4936:
A History of the County of Essex: Volume 9, the Borough of Colchester
3558:
formally removed from service in 1550. The site has since been lost.
3497:
2342:
439:
6540:
Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Antiquarian Field Club
6298:
Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Antiquarian Field Club
6080:
Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Antiquarian Field Club
5760:
Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Antiquarian Field Club
414:
6597:
6457:
Smith, Victor T. C. (1974). "The Artillery Defences at Gravesend".
6901:
6651:
5396:"Burglar Fails to Break into Geoffrey Boot's Sandgate Castle Home"
3813:
2728:
2674:
1182:
6707:
6256:
Lewis, T. Hayter (1884). "The Castles of Sandown and Sandgate".
5741:
Counter-revolution: The Second Civil War and Its Origins, 1646–8
6616:
6612:
3812:'s new clubhouse. It formed the headquarters for part of the
6241:
The Itinerary of John Leland In or About the Years 1535-1543
6001:
East Blockhouse, Angle: Archaeological Excavation, July 2011
5965:
The History of the King's Works, Volume 4: 1485-1660, Part 2
6487:. London, UK: Thomas Telford Publishing. pp. 118–131.
6197:
The State of all the Quenes maties Fortresses and Castelles
4357:
Royal Commission on Historical Monuments (England) (1970),
5813:. Exeter, UK: University of Exeter Press. pp. 34–49.
4261:
6538:
Symonds, Henry (1914). "Sandsfoot and Portland Castles".
6182:
Jenkins, Stanley C. (2007). "St Mawes Castle, Cornwall".
6150:
Hirst, Joseph H. (1895). "Castle of Kingston-upon-Hull".
4413:
6506:. Rutherford, US: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press.
6063:(corrected ed.). Swindon, UK: The National Trust.
5524:
4879:
4867:
4813:
4797:
4739:
4698:
4686:
4653:
6366:
Rutton, W. L. (1893). "Sandgate Castle, AD 1539-40".
4984:, Michael Heaton Heritage Consultants, archived from
6296:
Norman, W. C. (1920). "Sandsfoot Castle, Weymouth".
6957:
6896:
6824:
6786:
6768:
6706:
6650:
6556:. Heidelberg, Germany: Springer. pp. 451–458.
6078:Groves, T. B. (1879). "Notes on Sandsfoot Castle".
494:
6351:(revised ed.). London, UK: English Heritage.
5948:(revised ed.). London, UK: English Heritage.
5505:"Coastal Defences of Henry VIII- Earthen Bulwarks"
4848:"Coastal Defences of Henry VIII- Earthen Bulwarks"
4667:"Coastal Defences of Henry VIII- Earthen Bulwarks"
4634:"Coastal Defences of Henry VIII- Earthen Bulwarks"
4142:Lawrence H. Officer; Samuel H. Williamson (2014),
1756:in the 1680s and were demolished with it in 1864.
6279:Henry VIII and the Development of Coastal Defence
6258:Journal of the British Archaeological Association
6243:. Vol. 1. London, UK: George Bell and Sons.
5963:Colvin, H. M.; Ransome, D. R.; Summerson (1982).
4917:"Historic Environment Commissions Report: Impact"
4271:"Historic Environment Commissions Report: Impact"
6239:Leland, John (1907). Smith, Lucy Toumlin (ed.).
5929:. London, UK: English Heritage. pp. 24–36.
6281:. London, UK: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
6165:Town and Gun: The 17th-Century Defences of Hull
5870:(2nd ed.). London, UK: English Heritage.
5069:"Visitor Attractions, Trends in England, 2010"
4257:
6628:
6003:. Carmarthan, UK: Dyfed Archaeological Trust.
4885:"Tudor Blockhouse 300m South of Mersea Stone"
4607:
4285:"Tudor Blockhouse 300m South of Mersea Stone"
8:
4743:
3816:invasion force during the Second World War.
6485:Topographical Writers in South-West England
5986:. Portsmouth, UK: Portsmouth City Council.
5811:Topographical Writers in South-West England
5074:, Visit England, p. 65, archived from
4441:
6635:
6621:
6613:
6167:. Kingston upon Hull, UK: Kingston Press.
5711:
5540:
5437:
5337:, British History Online, pp. 330–374
5300:, British History Online, pp. 330–374
5239:
5102:
4971:
4938:, British History Online, pp. 264–269
4425:
4344:
4235:
4219:
4191:
4175:
4163:
4117:
4081:
4065:
4045:
5386:
3226:the gun room had collapsed into the sea.
6523:History of the Town and Country of Poole
5699:
5660:
5560:
5461:. Dover District Council. Archived from
5445:
5266:
5223:
5190:
5038:
5017:, Hampshire Garden Trust, archived from
4975:
4773:
4433:
4352:
4348:
4223:
4113:
4101:
4089:
4069:
6163:Howes, Audrey; Foreman, Martin (1999).
5328:
5324:
5227:
5174:"St Catherine's Castle Coastal Battery"
5106:
4371:
4297:
4026:
3996:
6397:
6386:
5906:The English Heritage Historical Review
5723:
5710:, pp. 142–143, 148–149, 153–154;
5664:
5646:, Royal Yacht Squadron, archived from
5628:, Royal Yacht Squadron, archived from
5610:, Royal Yacht Squadron, archived from
5536:
5491:
5487:
5441:
5414:"Colourful Past of new MKH Baron Boot"
5390:
5382:
5186:
5132:
5098:
4785:
4437:
4429:
4305:
4301:
4265:
4187:
4085:
4061:
4049:
4033:
5707:
5703:
5453:
5449:
4959:
4955:
4747:
4727:
4723:
4568:
4564:
4511:
4239:
7:
6330:Pendennis Castle and St Mawes Castle
5544:
5525:Colvin, Ransome & Summerson 1982
5483:
5270:
4919:, English Heritage, 2011, p. 15
4880:Colvin, Ransome & Summerson 1982
4868:Colvin, Ransome & Summerson 1982
4814:Colvin, Ransome & Summerson 1982
4801:
4798:Colvin, Ransome & Summerson 1982
4781:
4777:
4740:Colvin, Ransome & Summerson 1982
4699:Colvin, Ransome & Summerson 1982
4687:Colvin, Ransome & Summerson 1982
4654:Colvin, Ransome & Summerson 1982
4445:
4401:
4397:
4273:, English Heritage, 2011, p. 15
4207:
4203:
4129:
5675:, NHB, pp. 7–8, archived from
5548:
5160:"History of St Catherine's Castle"
5049:, English Heritage, archived from
424:Henrician blockhouses and bulwarks
25:
6114:. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing.
5527:, pp. 457, 459, 462, 464–465
4870:, pp. 457, 459, 462, 464–465
4689:, pp. 457, 459, 462, 464–465
4656:, pp. 457, 459, 462, 464–465
4517:"East Blockhouse, Angle (103035)"
6697:
6332:. London, UK: English Heritage.
6309:O'Neill, B. H. St John (1985) .
6224:. London, UK: English Heritage.
6046:. London, UK: English Heritage.
5889:. London, UK: English Heritage.
5832:. London, UK: English Heritage.
3916:
3909:
3833:
3826:
3743:
3736:
3655:
3575:
3568:
3419:
3412:
3328:
3321:
3243:
3236:
3156:
3149:
3064:
2988:
2906:
2830:
2823:
2665:
2585:
2505:
2498:
2420:
2413:
2335:
2328:
2165:
2013:
2006:
1773:
1766:
1675:
1668:
1298:
1291:
1205:
1119:
1040:
959:
881:
874:
794:
787:
707:
700:
616:
609:
527:
419:
413:
398:
389:
380:
371:
362:
353:
344:
335:
326:
317:
308:
299:
290:
281:
272:
263:
254:
245:
236:
227:
218:
209:
200:
191:
182:
173:
164:
155:
146:
137:
128:
119:
110:
101:
92:
83:
74:
65:
56:
47:
38:
31:
18:East Cowes Castle (16th century)
6152:East Riding Antiquarian Society
6095:. London, UK: Hambledon Press.
5566:"West Blockhouse Fort (276037)"
5398:, Dover Express, archived from
4901:, Mersea Museum, archived from
4899:"The Tudor Fort at East Mersea"
4456:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
3643:Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports
3139:was constructed over the site.
438:. They ranged from large stone
6998:1540 establishments in England
6349:Yarmouth Castle, Isle of Wight
6270:10.1080/00681288.1884.11887698
5794:. Andover, UK: Pitkin Guides.
4958:, pp. 347, 349, 357–358;
4571:, pp. 142–143, 148, 150;
4478:"Devils Point Artillery Tower"
1847:(317 mm, 39,000 kg)
956:Devil's Point Artillery Tower
460:Dissolution of the Monasteries
1:
6919:Devil's Point Artillery Tower
6008:Elvin, Charles R. S. (1890).
5490:, pp. 7, 15, 17–19, 22;
5101:, pp. 3, 27–28, 30, 32;
5001:"Parishes: Hound with Netley"
4206:, pp. 103–104, 109–110;
1002:Devil's Point Artillery Tower
5743:. Avon, UK: The Bath Press.
2239:of 1648. The fort hosted an
1444:Great White Bulwark of Clay
6988:16th-century fortifications
6735:Great White Bulwark of Clay
6029:. Ottawa, Canada: Gilmore.
6025:Finley, Eric Gault (1994).
5775:. Oxford, UK: Oxbow Books.
1664:Hull Castle and blockhouses
1485:Great White Bulwark of Clay
7014:
6502:Sutcliffe, Sheila (1973).
6110:Harrington, Peter (2007).
6012:. London, UK: Henry Gray.
5918:10.1179/175201606797188516
5244:William Page, ed. (1912),
4999:William Page, ed. (1908),
4982:"Netley Castle, Hampshire"
4827:"Little Dennis Blockhouse"
4258:Spurgeon & Brooke 1996
6778:East and West Blockhouses
6695:
6442:. Liphook, UK: Beaufort.
6438:Saunders, Andrew (1989).
6423:10.1017/s0003581500061928
6220:Lawson, Susannah (2002).
6201:Post-Medieval Archaeology
6131:Post-Medieval Archaeology
6112:The Castles of Henry VIII
6059:Garnett, Oliver (2005) .
5946:Calshot Castle: Hampshire
5927:Walmer Castle and Gardens
5847:Post-Medieval Archaeology
5067:BDRC Continental (2011),
4780:, pp. 68–69, 74–75;
4608:Thompson & Smith 1977
4588:"East Tilbury Blockhouse"
524:Brightlingsea Blockhouse
6959:Yorkshire and the Humber
6924:Little Dennis Blockhouse
6664:Brightlingsea Blockhouse
5790:Brooks, Stephen (1996).
5248:, British History Online
5003:, British History Online
4756:, British History Online
4744:Howes & Foreman 1999
4361:, British History Online
2237:Second English Civil War
2054:Little Dennis Blockhouse
2002:Little Dennis Blockhouse
686:corporate hotel for the
570:Brightlingsea Blockhouse
6816:West Tilbury Blockhouse
6796:East Tilbury Blockhouse
6525:. Poole, UK: Sydenham.
6521:Sydenham, John (1839).
6411:The Antiquaries Journal
6347:Rigold, S. E. (2012) .
6328:Pattison, Paul (2009).
6222:Portland Castle: Dorset
6093:Renaissance War Studies
5982:Corney, Arthur (1968).
5944:Coad, Jonathan (2013).
5885:Coad, Jonathan (2000).
5868:Hurst Castle, Hampshire
5739:Ashton, Robert (1994).
5230:, pp. 153, 161–163
4746:, pp. 12, 19, 27;
4730:, pp. 142–143, 148
3872:West Tilbury Blockhouse
3822:West Tilbury Blockhouse
3716:Milford Haven Waterway
3520:51.206059°N 1.4001156°E
2115:51.225806°N 1.4015720°E
1474:51.212342°N 1.4005788°E
1401:51.232089°N 1.4020357°E
1248:East Tilbury Blockhouse
1201:East Tilbury Blockhouse
6396:Cite journal requires
6277:Morley, B. M. (1976).
6091:Hale, John R. (1983).
6044:Research Report Series
6027:RCN Beach Commando "W"
5830:Research Report Series
5416:, Chad, archived from
4613:"Gravesend Blockhouse"
1745:were used to imprison
1104:Milford Haven Waterway
688:John Lewis Partnership
559:51.805412°N 1.010532°E
6944:St Catherine's Castle
6573:Archaeologia Cantiana
6472:Archaeologia Cantiana
6459:Archaeologia Cantiana
6368:Archaeologia Cantiana
5507:, Kent County Council
5242:, pp. 8, 31–32;
5041:, pp. 8, 41–48;
4850:, Kent County Council
4752:K. J. Alison (1969),
4669:, Kent County Council
4636:, Kent County Council
3984:use until the 1950s.
2661:St Catherine's Castle
2258:Milton-next-Gravesend
2153:has since been lost.
1849:rifled muzzle-loading
1705:53.74339°N 0.326679°W
1512:has since been lost.
1439:has since been lost.
6801:Gravesend Blockhouse
6213:10.1179/pma.1979.002
6143:10.1179/pma.1980.003
5967:. London, UK: HMSO.
5866:Coad, J. G. (1990).
5859:10.1179/pma.1985.005
5726:, pp. 4, 11, 13
5551:, pp. 11–12, 15
5327:, pp. 208–209;
5189:, pp. 202–203;
5120:"St Andrew's Castle"
5081:on 19 September 2015
4988:on 25 September 2006
4800:, pp. 470–472;
4416:, pp. 1, 35, 41
4351:, pp. 387–390;
4245:"St Andrew's Castle"
3944:50.70663°N 1.50016°W
3861:51.45238°N 0.37357°E
3810:Royal Yacht Squadron
3771:50.76653°N 1.30111°W
3724:West Blockhouse Fort
3685:51.68830°N 5.15790°W
3603:51.20056°N 1.40203°E
3525:51.206059; 1.4001156
3447:50.77811°N 1.08880°W
3356:51.23843°N 1.40222°E
3273:51.07353°N 1.14882°E
3186:50.59535°N 2.46099°W
3096:50.70669°N 1.52145°W
3061:Sharpenrode Bulwark
3018:50.65669°N 1.14691°W
2938:51.80101°N 1.01971°E
2903:St Osyth Blockhouse
2860:50.15544°N 5.02371°W
2806:St Helens anchorage
2775:50.70604°N 1.09834°W
2697:50.32822°N 4.64444°W
2617:50.85145°N 1.32091°W
2535:50.56823°N 2.44678°W
2450:50.14609°N 5.04659°W
2365:50.87732°N 1.35981°W
2280:51.44348°N 0.38008°E
2195:51.79674°N 1.00343°E
2120:51.225806; 1.4015720
2087:Little Turf Bulwark
2043:50.14407°N 5.04210°W
1959:51.95992°N 1.31458°E
1886:51.93867°N 1.32083°E
1803:50.70644°N 1.55117°W
1620:51.45243°N 0.44695°E
1585:to coastal erosion.
1545:51.94822°N 1.28707°E
1517:Harwich blockhouses
1479:51.212342; 1.4005788
1406:51.232089; 1.4020357
1339:Gravesend Blockhouse
1328:51.44463°N 0.37277°E
1287:Gravesend Blockhouse
1072:51.68213°N 5.12424°W
991:50.35980°N 4.16719°W
824:50.93305°N 0.73248°E
646:50.68834°N 1.95826°W
409:class=notpageimage|
6863:Sharpenrode Bulwark
6740:Little Turf Bulwark
6689:St Osyth Blockhouse
6669:Harwich blockhouses
5670:"Operation Neptune"
5543:, pp. 21, 51;
5486:, pp. 77, 90;
5420:on 19 November 2015
5402:on 19 November 2015
5385:, pp. 74, 81;
5246:"Parishes: Brading"
5226:, pp. 20, 43;
5204:"St Helens Bulwark"
5056:on 27 November 2015
4962:, pp. 143, 148
4784:, pp. 23, 29;
4545:"East Cowes Castle"
4400:, pp. 11, 24;
4325:"East Cowes Castle"
3939: /
3856: /
3766: /
3680: /
3598: /
3515: /
3442: /
3351: /
3268: /
3181: /
3128:The Needles Passage
3107:Sharpenrode Bulwark
3091: /
3013: /
2949:St Osyth Blockhouse
2933: /
2855: /
2770: /
2692: /
2612: /
2530: /
2445: /
2403:residential flats.
2360: /
2275: /
2190: /
2126:Little Turf Bulwark
2110: /
2038: /
1954: /
1881: /
1798: /
1710:53.74339; -0.326679
1700: /
1615: /
1540: /
1469: /
1396: /
1371:Great Turf Bulwark
1323: /
1237:51.46502°N 0.4328°E
1232: /
1151:50.76657°N 1.2765°W
1146: /
1067: /
986: /
911:51.21854°N 1.4039°E
906: /
819: /
732: /
641: /
564:51.805412; 1.010532
554: /
516:Open to the public
6868:St Andrew's Castle
6730:Great Turf Bulwark
5999:Crane, P. (2012).
5596:, Historic England
5547:, pp. 31–32;
5494:, pp. 14, 17;
5459:"Coastal Defences"
5372:, Historic England
5351:, Historic England
5349:"Sandsfoot Castle"
5314:, Historic England
5312:"Sandsfoot Castle"
5278:, Historic England
5206:, Historic England
5176:, Historic England
5162:, England Heritage
5148:, Historic England
5122:, Historic England
5044:"Pendennis Castle"
4887:, Historic England
4829:, Historic England
4816:, pp. 470–471
4706:, Historic England
4615:, Historic England
4590:, Historic England
4576:, Historic England
4547:, Historic England
4494:, Historic England
4480:, Historic England
4448:, pp. 32–34;
4432:, pp. 26–27;
4414:Biddle et al. 2001
4387:, Historic England
4327:, Historic England
4313:, Historic England
4311:"Sandsfoot Castle"
4304:, pp. 22–23;
4287:, Historic England
4262:Tapete et al. 2013
4247:, Historic England
4190:, pp. 37–41;
4084:, pp. 20–33;
3949:50.70663; -1.50016
3776:50.76653; -1.30111
3690:51.68830; -5.15790
3452:50.77811; -1.08880
3214:Completed by 1541
3191:50.59535; -2.46099
3101:50.70669; -1.52145
3023:50.65669; -1.14691
2865:50.15544; -5.02371
2780:50.70604; -1.09834
2745:St Helens Bulwark
2702:50.32822; -4.64444
2648:Southampton Water
2628:St Andrew's Castle
2622:50.85145; -1.32091
2581:St Andrew's Castle
2540:50.56823; -2.44678
2455:50.14609; -5.04659
2396:Southampton Water
2370:50.87732; -1.35981
2048:50.14407; -5.04210
1808:50.70644; -1.55117
1737:Kingston upon Hull
1683:Kingston upon Hull
1590:Higham Blockhouse
1412:Great Turf Bulwark
1116:East Cowes Castle
1077:51.68213; -5.12424
996:50.35980; -4.16719
651:50.68834; -1.95826
418:Henrician castles
6975:
6974:
6883:West Cowes Castle
6873:St Helens Bulwark
6843:East Cowes Castle
6811:Milton Blockhouse
6806:Higham Blockhouse
6311:Deal Castle, Kent
6070:978-1-84359-110-8
5936:978-1-85074-726-0
5887:Deal Castle, Kent
5370:"Sandgate Castle"
5021:on 18 August 2015
4788:, pp. 72, 76
4444:, pp. 9–10;
4088:, pp. 8–10;
4072:, pp. 37, 40
4068:, pp. 3, 8;
3988:
3987:
3866:51.45238; 0.37357
3782:West Cowes Castle
3732:West Cowes Castle
3641:residence of the
3608:51.20056; 1.40203
3361:51.23843; 1.40222
3278:51.07353; 1.14882
2943:51.80101; 1.01971
2786:St Helens Bulwark
2291:Milton Blockhouse
2285:51.44348; 0.38008
2249:Milton Blockhouse
2200:51.79674; 1.00343
1964:51.95992; 1.31458
1891:51.93867; 1.32083
1845:12.5 inch, 38 ton
1631:Higham Blockhouse
1625:51.45243; 0.44695
1550:51.94822; 1.28707
1333:51.44463; 0.37277
1162:East Cowes Castle
1156:50.76657; -1.2765
829:50.93305; 0.73248
769:Southampton Water
513:Built to protect
468:English Civil War
16:(Redirected from
7005:
6939:Sandsfoot Castle
6929:Pendennis Castle
6701:
6637:
6630:
6623:
6614:
6609:
6580:
6567:
6547:
6534:
6517:
6498:
6479:
6466:
6453:
6434:
6417:(3–4): 152–174.
6405:
6399:
6394:
6392:
6384:
6375:
6362:
6343:
6324:
6305:
6292:
6273:
6252:
6235:
6216:
6191:
6178:
6159:
6146:
6125:
6106:
6087:
6074:
6055:
6038:
6021:
6004:
5995:
5978:
5959:
5940:
5921:
5900:
5881:
5862:
5841:
5824:
5805:
5786:
5767:
5754:
5727:
5721:
5715:
5706:, pp. 347;
5697:
5691:
5690:
5689:
5687:
5681:
5674:
5658:
5657:
5655:
5640:
5639:
5637:
5622:
5621:
5619:
5604:
5603:
5601:
5590:
5584:
5583:
5582:
5580:
5558:
5552:
5534:
5528:
5522:
5516:
5515:
5514:
5512:
5501:
5495:
5481:
5475:
5474:
5472:
5470:
5435:
5429:
5428:
5427:
5425:
5410:
5409:
5407:
5380:
5379:
5377:
5366:
5360:
5359:
5358:
5356:
5345:
5344:
5342:
5322:
5321:
5319:
5308:
5307:
5305:
5293:
5287:
5286:
5285:
5283:
5264:
5258:
5256:
5255:
5253:
5237:
5231:
5221:
5215:
5214:
5213:
5211:
5200:
5194:
5184:
5183:
5181:
5170:
5169:
5167:
5156:
5155:
5153:
5142:
5136:
5130:
5129:
5127:
5116:
5110:
5096:
5090:
5089:
5088:
5086:
5080:
5073:
5064:
5063:
5061:
5055:
5048:
5036:
5030:
5029:
5028:
5026:
5011:
5010:
5008:
4996:
4995:
4993:
4980:Michael Heaton,
4969:
4963:
4953:
4947:
4946:
4945:
4943:
4927:
4926:
4924:
4913:
4912:
4910:
4895:
4894:
4892:
4877:
4871:
4865:
4859:
4858:
4857:
4855:
4844:
4838:
4837:
4836:
4834:
4823:
4817:
4811:
4805:
4795:
4789:
4771:
4765:
4764:
4763:
4761:
4754:"Fortifications"
4737:
4731:
4726:, pp. 347;
4721:
4715:
4714:
4713:
4711:
4696:
4690:
4684:
4678:
4677:
4676:
4674:
4663:
4657:
4651:
4645:
4644:
4643:
4641:
4630:
4624:
4623:
4622:
4620:
4605:
4599:
4598:
4597:
4595:
4584:
4583:
4581:
4567:, pp. 347;
4562:
4556:
4555:
4554:
4552:
4541:
4535:
4534:
4533:
4531:
4509:
4503:
4502:
4501:
4499:
4488:
4487:
4485:
4474:
4468:
4467:
4466:
4464:
4423:
4417:
4411:
4405:
4395:
4394:
4392:
4385:"Calshot Castle"
4381:
4375:
4369:
4368:
4366:
4342:
4336:
4335:
4334:
4332:
4321:
4320:
4318:
4295:
4294:
4292:
4281:
4280:
4278:
4255:
4254:
4252:
4233:
4227:
4217:
4211:
4201:
4195:
4194:, pp. 53–55
4185:
4179:
4178:, pp. 53–54
4173:
4167:
4161:
4155:
4154:
4153:
4151:
4146:, MeasuringWorth
4139:
4133:
4132:, pp. 70–71
4127:
4121:
4120:, pp. 37–39
4111:
4105:
4099:
4093:
4092:, pp. 37–38
4079:
4073:
4064:, pp. 8–9;
4059:
4053:
4043:
4037:
4031:
4015:
4011:
4005:
4001:
3976:Yarmouth Harbour
3969:
3963:
3962:
3960:
3959:
3958:
3956:
3951:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3937:
3936:
3935:
3932:
3920:
3913:
3886:
3880:
3879:
3877:
3876:
3875:
3873:
3868:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3854:
3853:
3852:
3849:
3840:Chadwell St Mary
3837:
3830:
3796:
3790:
3789:
3787:
3786:
3785:
3783:
3778:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3764:
3763:
3762:
3759:
3747:
3740:
3710:
3704:
3703:
3701:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3692:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3678:
3677:
3676:
3673:
3659:
3628:
3622:
3621:
3619:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3610:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3596:
3595:
3594:
3591:
3579:
3572:
3545:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3535:
3534:
3532:
3527:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3513:
3512:
3511:
3508:
3472:
3466:
3465:
3463:
3462:
3461:
3459:
3454:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3440:
3439:
3438:
3435:
3423:
3416:
3381:
3375:
3374:
3372:
3371:
3370:
3368:
3363:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3349:
3348:
3347:
3344:
3332:
3325:
3298:
3292:
3291:
3289:
3288:
3287:
3285:
3280:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3266:
3265:
3264:
3261:
3247:
3240:
3211:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3197:Sandsfoot Castle
3193:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3177:
3174:
3160:
3153:
3145:Sandsfoot Castle
3121:
3115:
3114:
3112:
3111:
3110:
3108:
3103:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3089:
3088:
3087:
3084:
3068:
3043:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3032:
3030:
3025:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3011:
3010:
3009:
3006:
2992:
2963:
2957:
2956:
2954:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2945:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2931:
2930:
2929:
2926:
2910:
2885:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2867:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2853:
2852:
2851:
2848:
2834:
2827:
2800:
2794:
2793:
2791:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2782:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2768:
2767:
2766:
2763:
2722:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2704:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2690:
2689:
2688:
2685:
2669:
2642:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2624:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2610:
2609:
2608:
2605:
2589:
2560:
2554:
2553:
2551:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2542:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2526:
2523:
2509:
2502:
2475:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2461:Pendennis Castle
2457:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2443:
2442:
2441:
2438:
2424:
2417:
2409:Pendennis Castle
2390:
2384:
2383:
2381:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2372:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2358:
2357:
2356:
2353:
2339:
2332:
2305:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2287:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2273:
2272:
2271:
2268:
2220:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2202:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2186:
2183:
2169:
2140:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2122:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2106:
2103:
2068:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2050:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2034:
2031:
2017:
2010:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1966:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1952:
1951:
1950:
1947:
1911:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1893:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1877:
1874:
1828:
1822:
1821:
1819:
1818:
1817:
1815:
1810:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1796:
1795:
1794:
1791:
1777:
1770:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1712:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1698:
1697:
1696:
1693:
1679:
1672:
1645:
1639:
1638:
1636:
1635:
1634:
1632:
1627:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1611:
1608:
1570:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1552:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1536:
1533:
1499:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1481:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1465:
1462:
1426:
1420:
1419:
1417:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1408:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1392:
1389:
1353:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1343:
1342:
1340:
1335:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1319:
1316:
1302:
1295:
1262:
1256:
1255:
1253:
1252:
1251:
1249:
1244:
1243:
1242:51.46502; 0.4328
1238:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1228:
1225:
1209:
1176:
1170:
1169:
1167:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1158:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1142:
1139:
1123:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1087:
1086:
1084:
1079:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1063:
1060:
1044:
1023:Plymouth Harbour
1016:
1010:
1009:
1007:
1006:
1005:
1003:
998:
997:
992:
987:
984:
983:
982:
979:
963:
936:
930:
929:
927:
926:
925:
923:
918:
917:
916:51.21854; 1.4039
912:
907:
904:
903:
902:
899:
885:
878:
856:Camber anchorage
849:
843:
842:
840:
839:
838:
836:
831:
830:
825:
820:
817:
816:
815:
812:
798:
791:
762:
756:
755:
753:
752:
751:
749:
744:
743:
738:
737:50.82°N 1.3075°W
733:
730:
729:
728:
725:
711:
704:
671:
665:
664:
662:
661:
660:
658:
653:
652:
647:
642:
639:
638:
637:
634:
620:
613:
584:
578:
577:
575:
574:
573:
571:
566:
565:
560:
555:
552:
551:
550:
547:
531:
495:
481:Second World War
472:Anglo-Dutch Wars
425:
423:
417:
402:
393:
384:
375:
366:
357:
348:
339:
330:
321:
312:
303:
294:
285:
276:
267:
258:
249:
240:
231:
222:
213:
204:
195:
186:
177:
168:
159:
150:
141:
132:
123:
114:
105:
96:
87:
78:
69:
60:
51:
42:
35:
21:
7013:
7012:
7008:
7007:
7006:
7004:
7003:
7002:
6978:
6977:
6976:
6971:
6953:
6949:St Mawes Castle
6934:Portland Castle
6914:Brownsea Castle
6892:
6888:Yarmouth Castle
6878:Southsea Castle
6820:
6782:
6764:
6755:Sandgate Castle
6702:
6693:
6646:
6641:
6583:
6570:
6564:
6550:
6537:
6520:
6514:
6504:Martello Towers
6501:
6495:
6482:
6469:
6456:
6450:
6437:
6408:
6395:
6385:
6378:
6365:
6359:
6346:
6340:
6327:
6321:
6308:
6295:
6289:
6276:
6255:
6238:
6232:
6219:
6194:
6181:
6175:
6162:
6149:
6128:
6122:
6109:
6103:
6090:
6077:
6071:
6061:Brownsea Castle
6058:
6041:
6024:
6007:
5998:
5984:Southsea Castle
5981:
5975:
5962:
5956:
5943:
5937:
5924:
5903:
5897:
5884:
5878:
5865:
5844:
5827:
5821:
5808:
5802:
5792:Southsea Castle
5789:
5783:
5770:
5757:
5751:
5738:
5735:
5730:
5722:
5718:
5712:Harrington 2007
5702:, p. 172;
5698:
5694:
5685:
5683:
5682:on 30 June 2015
5679:
5672:
5668:
5653:
5651:
5650:on 6 April 2015
5642:
5635:
5633:
5632:on 6 April 2015
5624:
5617:
5615:
5614:on 6 April 2015
5606:
5599:
5597:
5592:
5591:
5587:
5578:
5576:
5564:
5559:
5555:
5541:Harrington 2007
5535:
5531:
5523:
5519:
5510:
5508:
5503:
5502:
5498:
5482:
5478:
5468:
5466:
5465:on 26 June 2015
5457:
5456:, p. 177;
5452:, p. 226;
5438:Harrington 2007
5436:
5432:
5423:
5421:
5412:
5405:
5403:
5394:
5393:, p. 253;
5375:
5373:
5368:
5367:
5363:
5354:
5352:
5347:
5340:
5338:
5332:
5317:
5315:
5310:
5303:
5301:
5295:
5294:
5290:
5281:
5279:
5276:"Fort Victoria"
5274:
5265:
5261:
5251:
5249:
5243:
5240:Harrington 2007
5238:
5234:
5222:
5218:
5209:
5207:
5202:
5201:
5197:
5179:
5177:
5172:
5165:
5163:
5158:
5151:
5149:
5144:
5143:
5139:
5125:
5123:
5118:
5117:
5113:
5103:Harrington 2007
5097:
5093:
5084:
5082:
5078:
5071:
5066:
5059:
5057:
5053:
5046:
5042:
5037:
5033:
5024:
5022:
5015:"Netley Castle"
5013:
5006:
5004:
4998:
4991:
4989:
4979:
4972:Harrington 2007
4970:
4966:
4954:
4950:
4941:
4939:
4929:
4922:
4920:
4915:
4908:
4906:
4905:on 6 April 2016
4897:
4890:
4888:
4883:
4882:, p. 470;
4878:
4874:
4866:
4862:
4853:
4851:
4846:
4845:
4841:
4832:
4830:
4825:
4824:
4820:
4812:
4808:
4796:
4792:
4772:
4768:
4759:
4757:
4751:
4742:, p. 475;
4738:
4734:
4722:
4718:
4709:
4707:
4702:
4701:, p. 470;
4697:
4693:
4685:
4681:
4672:
4670:
4665:
4664:
4660:
4652:
4648:
4639:
4637:
4632:
4631:
4627:
4618:
4616:
4611:
4610:, p. 153;
4606:
4602:
4593:
4591:
4586:
4579:
4577:
4572:
4563:
4559:
4550:
4548:
4543:
4542:
4538:
4529:
4527:
4515:
4510:
4506:
4497:
4495:
4490:
4483:
4481:
4476:
4475:
4471:
4462:
4460:
4449:
4440:, p. 442;
4426:Harrington 2007
4424:
4420:
4412:
4408:
4390:
4388:
4383:
4382:
4378:
4364:
4362:
4356:
4345:Harrington 2007
4343:
4339:
4330:
4328:
4323:
4316:
4314:
4309:
4290:
4288:
4283:
4276:
4274:
4269:
4264:, p. 456;
4260:, p. 122;
4250:
4248:
4243:
4236:Harrington 2007
4234:
4230:
4220:Harrington 2007
4218:
4214:
4202:
4198:
4192:Harrington 2007
4186:
4182:
4176:Harrington 2007
4174:
4170:
4164:Harrington 2007
4162:
4158:
4149:
4147:
4141:
4140:
4136:
4128:
4124:
4118:Harrington 2007
4112:
4108:
4100:
4096:
4082:Harrington 2007
4080:
4076:
4066:Harrington 2007
4060:
4056:
4046:Harrington 2007
4044:
4040:
4032:
4028:
4024:
4019:
4018:
4012:
4008:
4002:
3998:
3993:
3965:
3964:
3955:Yarmouth Castle
3954:
3952:
3948:
3946:
3942:
3941:
3938:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3926:
3925:
3924:
3905:Yarmouth Castle
3882:
3881:
3871:
3869:
3865:
3863:
3859:
3858:
3855:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3843:
3842:
3841:
3792:
3791:
3781:
3779:
3775:
3773:
3769:
3768:
3765:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3753:
3752:
3751:
3706:
3705:
3696:West Blockhouse
3695:
3693:
3689:
3687:
3683:
3682:
3679:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3667:
3666:
3665:
3651:West Blockhouse
3624:
3623:
3613:
3611:
3607:
3605:
3601:
3600:
3597:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3585:
3584:
3583:
3541:
3540:
3530:
3528:
3524:
3522:
3518:
3517:
3514:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3502:
3501:
3500:
3490:Walmer Bulwark
3468:
3467:
3458:Southsea Castle
3457:
3455:
3451:
3449:
3445:
3444:
3441:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3429:
3428:
3427:
3408:Southsea Castle
3377:
3376:
3366:
3364:
3360:
3358:
3354:
3353:
3350:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3338:
3337:
3336:
3294:
3293:
3284:Sandgate Castle
3283:
3281:
3277:
3275:
3271:
3270:
3267:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3255:
3254:
3253:
3232:Sandgate Castle
3207:
3206:
3196:
3194:
3190:
3188:
3184:
3183:
3180:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3168:
3167:
3166:
3117:
3116:
3106:
3104:
3100:
3098:
3094:
3093:
3090:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3078:
3077:
3076:
3039:
3038:
3028:
3026:
3022:
3020:
3016:
3015:
3012:
3007:
3004:
3002:
3000:
2999:
2998:
2959:
2958:
2948:
2946:
2942:
2940:
2936:
2935:
2932:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2920:
2919:
2918:
2881:
2880:
2871:St Mawes Castle
2870:
2868:
2864:
2862:
2858:
2857:
2854:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2842:
2841:
2840:
2819:St Mawes Castle
2796:
2795:
2785:
2783:
2779:
2777:
2773:
2772:
2769:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2757:
2756:
2755:
2718:
2717:
2707:
2705:
2701:
2699:
2695:
2694:
2691:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2679:
2678:
2677:
2638:
2637:
2627:
2625:
2621:
2619:
2615:
2614:
2611:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2598:
2597:
2556:
2555:
2546:Portland Castle
2545:
2543:
2539:
2537:
2533:
2532:
2529:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2517:
2516:
2515:
2494:Portland Castle
2471:
2470:
2460:
2458:
2454:
2452:
2448:
2447:
2444:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2431:
2430:
2386:
2385:
2375:
2373:
2369:
2367:
2363:
2362:
2359:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2347:
2346:
2345:
2301:
2300:
2290:
2288:
2284:
2282:
2278:
2277:
2274:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2261:
2260:
2241:admiralty court
2216:
2215:
2205:
2203:
2199:
2197:
2193:
2192:
2189:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2176:
2175:
2136:
2135:
2125:
2123:
2119:
2117:
2113:
2112:
2109:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2096:
2095:
2064:
2063:
2053:
2051:
2047:
2045:
2041:
2040:
2037:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2024:
2023:
1980:
1979:
1969:
1967:
1963:
1961:
1957:
1956:
1953:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1940:
1939:
1907:
1906:
1896:
1894:
1890:
1888:
1884:
1883:
1880:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1867:
1866:
1824:
1823:
1813:
1811:
1807:
1805:
1801:
1800:
1797:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1784:
1783:
1726:
1725:
1715:
1713:
1709:
1707:
1703:
1702:
1699:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1686:
1685:
1641:
1640:
1630:
1628:
1624:
1622:
1618:
1617:
1614:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1601:
1600:
1566:
1565:
1555:
1553:
1549:
1547:
1543:
1542:
1539:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1526:
1525:
1495:
1494:
1484:
1482:
1478:
1476:
1472:
1471:
1468:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1455:
1454:
1422:
1421:
1411:
1409:
1405:
1403:
1399:
1398:
1395:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1382:
1381:
1349:
1348:
1338:
1336:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1325:
1322:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1309:
1308:
1258:
1257:
1247:
1245:
1241:
1239:
1235:
1234:
1231:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1218:
1217:
1172:
1171:
1161:
1159:
1155:
1153:
1149:
1148:
1145:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1132:
1131:
1093:
1092:
1083:East Blockhouse
1082:
1080:
1076:
1074:
1070:
1069:
1066:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1053:
1052:
1036:East Blockhouse
1012:
1011:
1001:
999:
995:
993:
989:
988:
985:
980:
977:
975:
973:
972:
971:
932:
931:
921:
919:
915:
913:
909:
908:
905:
900:
897:
895:
893:
892:
891:
845:
844:
834:
832:
828:
826:
822:
821:
818:
813:
810:
808:
806:
805:
804:
758:
757:
747:
745:
741:
739:
735:
734:
731:
726:
723:
721:
719:
718:
717:
667:
666:
657:Brownsea Castle
656:
654:
650:
648:
644:
643:
640:
635:
632:
630:
628:
627:
626:
624:Brownsea Island
605:Brownsea Castle
580:
579:
569:
567:
563:
561:
557:
556:
553:
548:
545:
543:
541:
540:
539:
493:
485:Coastal erosion
476:Napoleonic Wars
428:
427:
426:
412:
411:
405:
404:
403:
395:
394:
386:
385:
377:
376:
368:
367:
359:
358:
350:
349:
341:
340:
332:
331:
323:
322:
314:
313:
305:
304:
296:
295:
287:
286:
278:
277:
269:
268:
260:
259:
251:
250:
242:
241:
233:
232:
224:
223:
215:
214:
206:
205:
197:
196:
188:
187:
179:
178:
170:
169:
161:
160:
152:
151:
143:
142:
134:
133:
125:
124:
116:
115:
107:
106:
98:
97:
89:
88:
80:
79:
71:
70:
62:
61:
53:
52:
44:
43:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7011:
7009:
7001:
7000:
6995:
6990:
6980:
6979:
6973:
6972:
6970:
6969:
6963:
6961:
6955:
6954:
6952:
6951:
6946:
6941:
6936:
6931:
6926:
6921:
6916:
6910:
6908:
6894:
6893:
6891:
6890:
6885:
6880:
6875:
6870:
6865:
6860:
6858:Sandown Castle
6855:
6850:
6845:
6840:
6838:Calshot Castle
6834:
6832:
6822:
6821:
6819:
6818:
6813:
6808:
6803:
6798:
6792:
6790:
6784:
6783:
6781:
6780:
6774:
6772:
6766:
6765:
6763:
6762:
6760:Sandown Castle
6757:
6752:
6747:
6745:Walmer Bulwark
6742:
6737:
6732:
6727:
6722:
6716:
6714:
6704:
6703:
6696:
6694:
6692:
6691:
6686:
6681:
6676:
6671:
6666:
6660:
6658:
6648:
6647:
6642:
6640:
6639:
6632:
6625:
6617:
6611:
6610:
6598:10.1086/657263
6581:
6568:
6562:
6548:
6535:
6518:
6512:
6499:
6493:
6480:
6467:
6454:
6448:
6435:
6406:
6398:|journal=
6376:
6363:
6357:
6344:
6338:
6325:
6319:
6306:
6293:
6287:
6274:
6264:(2): 173–178.
6253:
6236:
6230:
6217:
6192:
6179:
6173:
6160:
6147:
6126:
6120:
6107:
6101:
6088:
6075:
6069:
6056:
6039:
6022:
6005:
5996:
5979:
5973:
5960:
5954:
5941:
5935:
5922:
5901:
5895:
5882:
5876:
5863:
5842:
5825:
5819:
5806:
5800:
5787:
5781:
5768:
5755:
5749:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5728:
5716:
5692:
5663:, p. 41;
5626:"Cowes Castle"
5608:"Cowes Castle"
5585:
5563:, p. 42;
5553:
5539:, p. 26;
5529:
5517:
5496:
5476:
5448:, p. 38;
5444:, p. 26;
5440:, p. 21;
5430:
5389:, p. 55;
5387:Sutcliffe 1973
5361:
5333:RCHME (1970),
5331:, p. 33;
5296:RCHME (1970),
5288:
5273:, p. 90;
5269:, p. 51;
5259:
5232:
5216:
5195:
5137:
5111:
5105:, p. 22;
5091:
5031:
4978:, p. 50;
4974:, p. 32;
4964:
4948:
4872:
4860:
4839:
4818:
4806:
4790:
4776:, p. 39;
4766:
4750:, p. 32;
4732:
4716:
4691:
4679:
4658:
4646:
4625:
4600:
4557:
4536:
4504:
4469:
4436:, p. 38;
4428:, p. 21;
4418:
4406:
4376:
4355:, p. 51;
4347:, p. 33;
4337:
4308:, p. 34;
4300:, p. 33;
4268:, p. 54;
4238:, p. 56;
4228:
4222:, p. 45;
4212:
4196:
4180:
4168:
4156:
4134:
4122:
4116:, p. 47;
4106:
4094:
4074:
4054:
4048:, p. 11;
4038:
4036:, pp. 8–9
4025:
4023:
4020:
4017:
4016:
4006:
3995:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3986:
3985:
3981:
3978:
3973:
3970:
3921:
3914:
3907:
3901:
3900:
3896:
3893:
3890:
3887:
3838:
3831:
3824:
3818:
3817:
3806:
3803:
3800:
3797:
3748:
3741:
3734:
3728:
3727:
3720:
3717:
3714:
3711:
3662:
3660:
3653:
3647:
3646:
3638:
3635:
3632:
3629:
3580:
3573:
3566:
3560:
3559:
3555:
3552:
3549:
3546:
3531:Walmer Bulwark
3495:
3493:
3491:
3487:
3486:
3482:
3479:
3476:
3473:
3424:
3417:
3410:
3404:
3403:
3391:
3388:
3385:
3382:
3367:Sandown Castle
3333:
3326:
3319:
3317:Sandown Castle
3313:
3312:
3308:
3305:
3304:Kentish coast
3302:
3299:
3248:
3241:
3234:
3228:
3227:
3223:
3220:
3215:
3212:
3161:
3154:
3147:
3141:
3140:
3133:
3130:
3125:
3122:
3071:
3069:
3062:
3058:
3057:
3053:
3050:
3047:
3044:
3029:Sandown Castle
2993:
2986:
2984:
2982:Sandown Castle
2978:
2977:
2973:
2970:
2967:
2964:
2913:
2911:
2904:
2900:
2899:
2895:
2892:
2891:Carrick Roads
2889:
2886:
2835:
2828:
2821:
2815:
2814:
2810:
2807:
2804:
2803:Circa 1539–45
2801:
2750:
2748:
2746:
2742:
2741:
2738:Thomas Treffry
2734:
2731:
2726:
2725:Circa 1538–40
2723:
2672:
2670:
2663:
2657:
2656:
2652:
2649:
2646:
2643:
2595:Hamble-le-Rice
2592:
2590:
2583:
2577:
2576:
2572:
2569:
2567:Portland Roads
2564:
2561:
2510:
2503:
2496:
2490:
2489:
2485:
2482:
2481:Carrick Roads
2479:
2476:
2425:
2418:
2411:
2405:
2404:
2400:
2397:
2394:
2391:
2340:
2333:
2326:
2320:
2319:
2315:
2312:
2309:
2306:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2245:
2244:
2232:
2229:
2224:
2221:
2170:
2163:
2161:
2155:
2154:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2084:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2072:
2069:
2018:
2011:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1926:
1925:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1853:
1852:
1840:
1837:
1832:
1829:
1778:
1771:
1764:
1758:
1757:
1742:
1739:
1734:
1731:
1680:
1673:
1666:
1660:
1659:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1587:
1586:
1582:
1579:
1574:
1571:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1514:
1513:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1441:
1440:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1368:
1367:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1303:
1296:
1289:
1283:
1282:
1279:Coalhouse Fort
1274:
1271:
1266:
1263:
1212:
1210:
1203:
1197:
1196:
1192:
1189:
1180:
1177:
1126:
1124:
1117:
1113:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1101:
1098:
1047:
1045:
1038:
1032:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1020:
1017:
966:
964:
957:
953:
952:
948:
945:
940:
937:
886:
879:
872:
866:
865:
861:
858:
853:
850:
799:
792:
785:
779:
778:
774:
771:
766:
763:
748:Calshot Castle
742:50.82; -1.3075
712:
705:
698:
696:Calshot Castle
692:
691:
683:
680:
675:
672:
621:
614:
607:
601:
600:
596:
593:
588:
585:
534:
532:
525:
521:
520:
517:
514:
511:
508:
505:
502:
499:
492:
489:
446:and earthwork
407:
406:
397:
396:
388:
387:
379:
378:
370:
369:
361:
360:
352:
351:
343:
342:
334:
333:
325:
324:
316:
315:
307:
306:
298:
297:
289:
288:
280:
279:
271:
270:
262:
261:
253:
252:
244:
243:
235:
234:
226:
225:
217:
216:
208:
207:
199:
198:
190:
189:
181:
180:
172:
171:
163:
162:
154:
153:
145:
144:
136:
135:
127:
126:
118:
117:
109:
108:
100:
99:
91:
90:
82:
81:
73:
72:
64:
63:
55:
54:
46:
45:
37:
36:
30:
29:
28:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7010:
6999:
6996:
6994:
6991:
6989:
6986:
6985:
6983:
6968:
6965:
6964:
6962:
6960:
6956:
6950:
6947:
6945:
6942:
6940:
6937:
6935:
6932:
6930:
6927:
6925:
6922:
6920:
6917:
6915:
6912:
6911:
6909:
6907:
6903:
6899:
6895:
6889:
6886:
6884:
6881:
6879:
6876:
6874:
6871:
6869:
6866:
6864:
6861:
6859:
6856:
6854:
6853:Netley Castle
6851:
6849:
6846:
6844:
6841:
6839:
6836:
6835:
6833:
6831:
6827:
6826:Isle of Wight
6823:
6817:
6814:
6812:
6809:
6807:
6804:
6802:
6799:
6797:
6794:
6793:
6791:
6789:
6785:
6779:
6776:
6775:
6773:
6771:
6770:Pembrokeshire
6767:
6761:
6758:
6756:
6753:
6751:
6750:Walmer Castle
6748:
6746:
6743:
6741:
6738:
6736:
6733:
6731:
6728:
6726:
6723:
6721:
6720:Camber Castle
6718:
6717:
6715:
6713:
6709:
6705:
6700:
6690:
6687:
6685:
6682:
6680:
6677:
6675:
6672:
6670:
6667:
6665:
6662:
6661:
6659:
6657:
6653:
6649:
6645:
6638:
6633:
6631:
6626:
6624:
6619:
6618:
6615:
6607:
6603:
6599:
6595:
6591:
6587:
6582:
6578:
6574:
6569:
6565:
6563:9783642313196
6559:
6555:
6549:
6545:
6541:
6536:
6532:
6528:
6524:
6519:
6515:
6513:9780838613139
6509:
6505:
6500:
6496:
6494:9780859894241
6490:
6486:
6481:
6477:
6473:
6468:
6464:
6460:
6455:
6451:
6445:
6441:
6436:
6432:
6428:
6424:
6420:
6416:
6412:
6407:
6403:
6390:
6382:
6377:
6373:
6369:
6364:
6360:
6358:9781850740490
6354:
6350:
6345:
6341:
6339:9781848020221
6335:
6331:
6326:
6322:
6316:
6312:
6307:
6303:
6299:
6294:
6290:
6284:
6280:
6275:
6271:
6267:
6263:
6259:
6254:
6250:
6246:
6242:
6237:
6233:
6231:9781850747253
6227:
6223:
6218:
6214:
6210:
6206:
6202:
6198:
6193:
6189:
6185:
6180:
6176:
6170:
6166:
6161:
6157:
6153:
6148:
6144:
6140:
6136:
6132:
6127:
6123:
6121:9781472803801
6117:
6113:
6108:
6104:
6098:
6094:
6089:
6085:
6081:
6076:
6072:
6066:
6062:
6057:
6053:
6049:
6045:
6040:
6036:
6032:
6028:
6023:
6019:
6015:
6011:
6006:
6002:
5997:
5993:
5989:
5985:
5980:
5976:
5970:
5966:
5961:
5957:
5955:9781850741022
5951:
5947:
5942:
5938:
5932:
5928:
5923:
5919:
5915:
5911:
5907:
5902:
5898:
5892:
5888:
5883:
5879:
5877:1-85074-053-4
5873:
5869:
5864:
5860:
5856:
5852:
5848:
5843:
5839:
5835:
5831:
5826:
5822:
5820:9780859894241
5816:
5812:
5807:
5803:
5801:0-85372-809-7
5797:
5793:
5788:
5784:
5778:
5774:
5769:
5765:
5761:
5756:
5752:
5750:9780300061147
5746:
5742:
5737:
5736:
5732:
5725:
5720:
5717:
5713:
5709:
5705:
5701:
5700:Saunders 1960
5696:
5693:
5678:
5671:
5667:, p. 1;
5666:
5662:
5661:Saunders 1989
5649:
5645:
5631:
5627:
5613:
5609:
5595:
5589:
5586:
5575:
5571:
5567:
5562:
5561:Saunders 1989
5557:
5554:
5550:
5546:
5542:
5538:
5533:
5530:
5526:
5521:
5518:
5506:
5500:
5497:
5493:
5489:
5485:
5480:
5477:
5464:
5460:
5455:
5451:
5447:
5446:Saunders 1989
5443:
5439:
5434:
5431:
5419:
5415:
5401:
5397:
5392:
5388:
5384:
5371:
5365:
5362:
5350:
5336:
5330:
5326:
5313:
5299:
5292:
5289:
5277:
5272:
5268:
5267:Saunders 1989
5263:
5260:
5247:
5241:
5236:
5233:
5229:
5225:
5224:Pattison 2009
5220:
5217:
5205:
5199:
5196:
5192:
5191:Chandler 1996
5188:
5175:
5161:
5147:
5141:
5138:
5134:
5121:
5115:
5112:
5108:
5104:
5100:
5095:
5092:
5077:
5070:
5052:
5045:
5040:
5039:Pattison 2009
5035:
5032:
5020:
5016:
5002:
4987:
4983:
4977:
4976:Saunders 1989
4973:
4968:
4965:
4961:
4957:
4952:
4949:
4937:
4933:
4918:
4904:
4900:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4873:
4869:
4864:
4861:
4849:
4843:
4840:
4828:
4822:
4819:
4815:
4810:
4807:
4803:
4799:
4794:
4791:
4787:
4783:
4779:
4775:
4774:Saunders 1989
4770:
4767:
4755:
4749:
4745:
4741:
4736:
4733:
4729:
4725:
4720:
4717:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4692:
4688:
4683:
4680:
4668:
4662:
4659:
4655:
4650:
4647:
4635:
4629:
4626:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4601:
4589:
4575:
4570:
4566:
4561:
4558:
4546:
4540:
4537:
4526:
4522:
4518:
4514:, p. 2;
4513:
4508:
4505:
4493:
4479:
4473:
4470:
4458:
4457:
4452:
4451:"Deal Castle"
4447:
4443:
4439:
4435:
4434:Saunders 1989
4431:
4427:
4422:
4419:
4415:
4410:
4407:
4404:, p. 112
4403:
4399:
4386:
4380:
4377:
4373:
4360:
4354:
4353:Saunders 1989
4350:
4349:Sydenham 1839
4346:
4341:
4338:
4326:
4312:
4307:
4303:
4299:
4286:
4272:
4267:
4263:
4259:
4246:
4242:, p. 2;
4241:
4237:
4232:
4229:
4226:, p. 225
4225:
4224:Saunders 1989
4221:
4216:
4213:
4209:
4205:
4200:
4197:
4193:
4189:
4184:
4181:
4177:
4172:
4169:
4165:
4160:
4157:
4145:
4138:
4135:
4131:
4126:
4123:
4119:
4115:
4114:Saunders 1989
4110:
4107:
4103:
4102:Saunders 1989
4098:
4095:
4091:
4090:Saunders 1989
4087:
4083:
4078:
4075:
4071:
4070:Saunders 1989
4067:
4063:
4058:
4055:
4051:
4047:
4042:
4039:
4035:
4030:
4027:
4021:
4010:
4007:
4000:
3997:
3990:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3971:
3968:
3961:
3922:
3919:
3915:
3912:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3902:
3897:
3894:
3892:River Thames
3891:
3888:
3885:
3878:
3839:
3836:
3832:
3829:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3819:
3815:
3811:
3807:
3804:
3802:River Medina
3801:
3798:
3795:
3788:
3749:
3746:
3742:
3739:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3729:
3725:
3721:
3718:
3715:
3712:
3709:
3702:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3648:
3644:
3639:
3636:
3633:
3630:
3627:
3620:
3614:Walmer Castle
3581:
3578:
3574:
3571:
3567:
3565:
3564:Walmer Castle
3562:
3561:
3556:
3553:
3550:
3547:
3544:
3537:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3488:
3483:
3480:
3477:
3474:
3471:
3464:
3425:
3422:
3418:
3415:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3405:
3401:
3398:as part of a
3397:
3392:
3389:
3386:
3383:
3380:
3373:
3334:
3331:
3327:
3324:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3314:
3309:
3306:
3303:
3300:
3297:
3290:
3252:
3249:
3246:
3242:
3239:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3229:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3213:
3210:
3203:
3165:
3162:
3159:
3155:
3152:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3142:
3138:
3137:Fort Victoria
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3123:
3120:
3113:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3063:
3060:
3059:
3054:
3051:
3048:
3045:
3042:
3035:
2997:
2994:
2991:
2987:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2979:
2974:
2971:
2968:
2965:
2962:
2955:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2905:
2902:
2901:
2896:
2893:
2890:
2887:
2884:
2877:
2839:
2836:
2833:
2829:
2826:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2816:
2811:
2808:
2805:
2802:
2799:
2792:
2754:
2753:Isle of Wight
2751:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2729:Fowey Harbour
2727:
2724:
2721:
2714:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2653:
2650:
2647:
2644:
2641:
2634:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2562:
2559:
2552:
2514:
2511:
2508:
2504:
2501:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2486:
2483:
2480:
2477:
2474:
2467:
2429:
2426:
2423:
2419:
2416:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2401:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2389:
2382:
2376:Netley Castle
2344:
2341:
2338:
2334:
2331:
2327:
2325:
2324:Netley Castle
2322:
2321:
2316:
2313:
2311:River Thames
2310:
2307:
2304:
2297:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2212:
2174:
2173:Mersea Island
2171:
2168:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2151:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2132:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2075:Carrick Roads
2073:
2070:
2067:
2060:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2012:
2009:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1976:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1903:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1856:Langar Point
1855:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1820:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1772:
1769:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1748:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1732:
1729:
1722:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1674:
1671:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1661:
1656:
1653:
1651:River Thames
1650:
1647:
1644:
1637:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1562:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1491:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1418:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1364:
1361:
1359:River Thames
1358:
1355:
1352:
1345:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1297:
1294:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1280:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1254:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1184:
1183:Cowes Harbour
1181:
1178:
1175:
1168:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1089:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1008:
970:
967:
965:
962:
958:
955:
954:
949:
946:
944:
941:
938:
935:
928:
890:
887:
884:
880:
877:
873:
871:
868:
867:
862:
859:
857:
854:
851:
848:
841:
803:
800:
797:
793:
790:
786:
784:
783:Camber Castle
781:
780:
775:
772:
770:
767:
764:
761:
754:
716:
713:
710:
706:
703:
699:
697:
694:
693:
689:
684:
681:
679:
678:Poole Harbour
676:
673:
670:
663:
625:
622:
619:
615:
612:
608:
606:
603:
602:
597:
594:
592:
589:
586:
583:
576:
538:
537:Brightlingsea
535:
533:
530:
526:
523:
522:
518:
515:
512:
509:
506:
503:
500:
497:
496:
490:
488:
486:
482:
477:
473:
469:
463:
461:
457:
453:
450:. Armed with
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
422:
416:
410:
401:
392:
383:
374:
365:
356:
347:
338:
329:
320:
311:
302:
293:
284:
275:
266:
257:
248:
239:
230:
221:
212:
203:
194:
185:
176:
167:
158:
149:
140:
131:
122:
113:
104:
95:
86:
77:
68:
59:
50:
41:
34:
27:
19:
6993:Device Forts
6848:Hurst Castle
6674:Langar Point
6644:Device Forts
6592:(1): 66–84.
6589:
6585:
6576:
6572:
6553:
6543:
6539:
6522:
6503:
6484:
6475:
6471:
6462:
6458:
6439:
6414:
6410:
6389:cite journal
6380:
6371:
6367:
6348:
6329:
6310:
6301:
6297:
6278:
6261:
6257:
6240:
6221:
6204:
6200:
6196:
6187:
6183:
6164:
6155:
6151:
6134:
6130:
6111:
6092:
6083:
6079:
6060:
6043:
6026:
6009:
6000:
5983:
5964:
5945:
5926:
5909:
5905:
5886:
5867:
5850:
5846:
5829:
5810:
5791:
5772:
5763:
5759:
5740:
5733:Bibliography
5719:
5714:, p. 61
5695:
5684:, retrieved
5677:the original
5652:, retrieved
5648:the original
5644:"The Castle"
5634:, retrieved
5630:the original
5616:, retrieved
5612:the original
5598:, retrieved
5594:"List Entry"
5588:
5577:, retrieved
5569:
5556:
5532:
5520:
5509:, retrieved
5499:
5479:
5467:. Retrieved
5463:the original
5433:
5422:, retrieved
5418:the original
5404:, retrieved
5400:the original
5374:, retrieved
5364:
5353:, retrieved
5339:, retrieved
5329:Symonds 1914
5325:Barrett 1910
5316:, retrieved
5302:, retrieved
5291:
5280:, retrieved
5262:
5250:, retrieved
5235:
5228:Jenkins 2007
5219:
5208:, retrieved
5198:
5193:, p. 43
5178:, retrieved
5164:, retrieved
5150:, retrieved
5146:"List Entry"
5140:
5135:, p. 75
5124:, retrieved
5114:
5109:, p. 84
5107:Chapple 2014
5094:
5085:19 September
5083:, retrieved
5076:the original
5058:, retrieved
5051:the original
5034:
5023:, retrieved
5019:the original
5005:, retrieved
4990:, retrieved
4986:the original
4967:
4951:
4940:, retrieved
4935:
4921:, retrieved
4907:, retrieved
4903:the original
4889:, retrieved
4875:
4863:
4852:, retrieved
4842:
4831:, retrieved
4821:
4809:
4804:, p. 66
4793:
4769:
4758:, retrieved
4735:
4719:
4708:, retrieved
4694:
4682:
4671:, retrieved
4661:
4649:
4638:, retrieved
4628:
4617:, retrieved
4603:
4592:, retrieved
4578:, retrieved
4574:"List Entry"
4560:
4549:, retrieved
4539:
4528:, retrieved
4520:
4507:
4496:, retrieved
4492:"List Entry"
4482:, retrieved
4472:
4461:, retrieved
4459:, 1 May 1956
4454:
4442:O'Neill 1985
4421:
4409:
4389:, retrieved
4379:
4374:, p. 23
4372:Garnett 2005
4363:, retrieved
4340:
4329:, retrieved
4315:, retrieved
4298:Symonds 1914
4289:, retrieved
4275:, retrieved
4249:, retrieved
4231:
4215:
4210:, p. 18
4199:
4183:
4171:
4166:, p. 53
4159:
4148:, retrieved
4137:
4125:
4109:
4104:, p. 37
4097:
4077:
4057:
4052:, p. 70
4041:
4029:
4009:
3999:
3218:Weymouth Bay
2969:River Colne
2708:SX1180451000
1929:Langar Rode
1897:Langar Point
1814:Hurst Castle
1762:Hurst Castle
1269:River Thames
1215:East Tilbury
1187:River Medina
835:CamberCastle
715:Calshot Spit
464:
432:Device Forts
431:
429:
26:
6967:Hull Castle
6725:Deal Castle
6684:Mersea Fort
6679:Langar Rode
5912:: 103–113.
5724:Rigold 2012
5665:Finley 1994
5537:Rutton 1898
5492:Brooks 1996
5488:Corney 1968
5442:Rutton 1898
5424:19 November
5406:19 November
5391:Rutton 1893
5383:Harris 1980
5376:26 November
5355:27 December
5341:27 December
5318:27 December
5304:27 December
5187:Leland 1907
5133:Kenyon 1979
5099:Lawson 2002
5060:27 November
4786:Kenyon 1979
4438:Ashton 1994
4430:Rutton 1898
4317:27 December
4306:Norman 1920
4302:Groves 1879
4266:Harris 1980
4188:Morley 1976
4086:Morley 1976
4062:Morley 1976
4050:Walton 2010
4034:Morley 1976
3947: /
3864: /
3774: /
3688: /
3606: /
3523: /
3478:The Solent
3450: /
3359: /
3276: /
3189: /
3099: /
3049:The Solent
3021: /
2941: /
2863: /
2778: /
2700: /
2620: /
2538: /
2453: /
2368: /
2283: /
2227:River Colne
2206:Mersea Fort
2198: /
2159:Mersea Fort
2118: /
2046: /
1970:Langar Rode
1962: /
1889: /
1806: /
1754:the Citadel
1716:Hull Castle
1708: /
1623: /
1556:Tower House
1548: /
1477: /
1404: /
1331: /
1240: /
1154: /
1075: /
994: /
922:Deal Castle
914: /
870:Deal Castle
827: /
740: /
649: /
591:River Colne
562: /
444:blockhouses
442:, to small
6982:Categories
6788:The Thames
6579:: 153–177.
6478:: 341–362.
6465:: 141–168.
6449:1855120003
6374:: 228–257.
6320:1850740321
6288:0116707771
6190:: 153–172.
6174:1902039025
6102:0907628176
5974:0116708328
5896:1850746974
5853:: 63–104.
5782:0904220230
5766:: 204–229.
5708:Smith 1974
5704:Smith 1980
5454:Lewis 1884
5450:Elvin 1890
4960:Smith 1974
4956:Smith 1980
4748:Hirst 1895
4728:Smith 1974
4724:Smith 1980
4569:Smith 1974
4565:Smith 1980
4512:Crane 2012
4391:10 October
4359:"Studland"
4240:Crane 2012
4022:References
3953: (
3931:50°42′24″N
3870: (
3848:51°27′09″N
3780: (
3758:50°46′00″N
3694: (
3672:51°41′18″N
3634:The Downs
3612: (
3590:51°12′02″N
3551:The Downs
3529: (
3507:51°12′22″N
3456: (
3434:50°46′41″N
3426:Portsmouth
3387:The Downs
3365: (
3343:51°14′18″N
3282: (
3260:51°04′25″N
3251:Folkestone
3195: (
3173:50°35′43″N
3105: (
3083:50°42′24″N
3074:Freshwater
3027: (
3005:50°39′24″N
2947: (
2925:51°48′04″N
2869: (
2847:50°09′20″N
2784: (
2762:50°42′22″N
2706: (
2684:50°19′42″N
2626: (
2604:50°51′05″N
2544: (
2522:50°34′06″N
2459: (
2437:50°08′46″N
2374: (
2352:50°52′38″N
2289: (
2267:51°26′37″N
2204: (
2182:51°47′48″N
2146:The Downs
2124: (
2102:51°13′33″N
2052: (
2030:50°08′39″N
1968: (
1946:51°57′36″N
1937:Felixstowe
1895: (
1873:51°56′19″N
1864:Felixstowe
1835:The Solent
1812: (
1790:50°42′23″N
1781:Hurst Spit
1714: (
1692:53°44′36″N
1629: (
1607:51°27′09″N
1554: (
1532:51°56′54″N
1505:The Downs
1483: (
1461:51°12′44″N
1432:The Downs
1410: (
1388:51°13′56″N
1337: (
1315:51°26′41″N
1246: (
1224:51°27′54″N
1160: (
1138:50°46′00″N
1129:East Cowes
1081: (
1059:51°40′56″N
1000: (
978:50°21′35″N
920: (
898:51°13′07″N
833: (
811:50°55′59″N
746: (
724:50°49′12″N
655: (
633:50°41′18″N
568: (
546:51°48′19″N
436:Henry VIII
6606:144384757
6431:129086005
6207:: 61–77.
6137:: 53–88.
6052:2046-9799
5992:504812915
5838:2046-9799
5545:Coad 2008
5484:Hale 1983
5271:Hale 1983
5025:18 August
5007:18 August
4992:18 August
4932:"Fishery"
4802:Hale 1983
4782:Coad 1990
4778:Coad 1985
4446:Coad 2000
4402:Coad 2006
4398:Coad 2013
4208:Coad 2013
4204:Coad 2006
4130:Hale 1983
3934:1°30′01″W
3851:0°22′25″E
3761:1°18′04″W
3675:5°09′28″W
3593:1°24′07″E
3510:1°24′00″E
3437:1°05′20″W
3346:1°24′08″E
3263:1°08′56″E
3176:2°27′40″W
3086:1°31′17″W
3008:1°08′49″W
2928:1°01′11″E
2850:5°01′25″W
2765:1°05′54″W
2687:4°38′40″W
2655:survive.
2607:1°19′15″W
2525:2°26′48″W
2440:5°02′48″W
2355:1°21′35″W
2270:0°22′48″E
2185:1°00′12″E
2105:1°24′06″E
2033:5°02′32″W
1949:1°18′52″E
1876:1°19′15″E
1793:1°33′04″W
1750:recusants
1695:0°19′36″W
1610:0°26′49″E
1535:1°17′13″E
1464:1°24′02″E
1391:1°24′07″E
1318:0°22′22″E
1306:Gravesend
1227:0°25′58″E
1141:1°16′35″W
1062:5°07′27″W
981:4°10′02″W
943:The Downs
901:1°24′14″E
814:0°43′57″E
727:1°18′27″W
636:1°57′30″W
549:1°00′38″E
507:Location
456:the Crown
452:artillery
6898:Cornwall
6546:: 27–40.
6383:: 24–30.
6304:: 34–38.
6158:: 24–39.
6086:: 20–24.
6035:37489940
5549:Fry 2014
4251:2 August
3967:SZ353897
3923:Yarmouth
3884:TQ651754
3794:SZ493965
3708:SM818036
3626:TR377501
3543:TR376507
3470:SZ643980
3400:sea wall
3396:concrete
3384:1539–40
3379:TR375543
3301:1539–40
3296:TR209352
3209:SY674773
3164:Weymouth
3124:1545–47
3119:SZ339898
3041:SZ605846
2961:TM083156
2916:St Osyth
2888:1540-42
2883:SW841327
2838:Falmouth
2798:SZ637899
2720:SX118510
2645:1543–44
2640:SU479059
2563:1539–40
2558:SY684743
2513:Portland
2473:SW824317
2428:Falmouth
2393:1542–45
2388:SU451088
2303:TQ655742
2218:TM071151
2138:TR376529
2071:1540-45
2066:SW827315
2021:Falmouth
1990:Harwich
1982:TM276340
1917:Harwich
1909:TM284318
1831:1541–44
1826:SZ318897
1747:Catholic
1728:TA103287
1643:TQ701754
1568:TM259328
1497:TR376514
1424:TR376536
1351:TQ649744
1265:1539–41
1260:TQ691761
1185:and the
1179:1539–42
1174:SZ511965
1095:SM841027
1019:1537–39
1014:SX459533
969:Plymouth
939:1539-40
934:TR376521
852:1513–43
847:TQ919184
765:1539–40
760:SU488024
674:1545–47
669:SZ029876
582:TM076161
448:bulwarks
6656:Suffolk
6531:5842224
6249:2858987
6018:4866519
5686:26 June
5654:26 June
5636:26 June
5618:26 June
5600:26 June
5570:Coflein
5469:26 June
5252:20 June
4942:7 April
4923:7 April
4909:6 April
4891:7 April
4760:12 June
4710:7 April
4521:Coflein
4463:26 June
4365:13 July
4291:7 April
4277:7 April
2996:Sandown
2478:1540–5
1577:Harwich
1524:Harwich
491:Details
440:castles
6906:Dorset
6830:Solent
6712:Sussex
6604:
6586:Osiris
6560:
6529:
6510:
6491:
6446:
6429:
6355:
6336:
6317:
6285:
6247:
6228:
6171:
6118:
6099:
6067:
6050:
6033:
6016:
5990:
5971:
5952:
5933:
5893:
5874:
5836:
5817:
5798:
5779:
5747:
5579:10 May
5574:RCAHMW
5511:18 May
5282:26 May
5210:26 May
5180:26 May
5166:26 May
5152:26 May
5126:17 May
4854:18 May
4833:10 May
4673:18 May
4640:18 May
4619:16 May
4594:17 May
4580:17 May
4551:26 May
4530:10 May
4525:RCAHMW
4498:26 May
4484:26 May
4331:26 May
4150:29 May
3582:Walmer
3498:Walmer
2343:Netley
1598:Higham
519:Notes
501:Image
474:, the
470:, the
6902:Devon
6652:Essex
6602:S2CID
6427:S2CID
5680:(PDF)
5673:(PDF)
5079:(PDF)
5072:(PDF)
5054:(PDF)
5047:(PDF)
4014:used.
3991:Notes
3972:1545
3889:1539
3814:D-Day
3799:1539
3750:Cowes
3713:1539
3631:1539
3548:1540
3475:1544
3046:1545
2966:1543
2675:Fowey
2308:1539
2223:1543
2143:1540
2094:Deal
1987:1543
1914:1540
1733:1543
1648:1539
1573:1543
1502:1540
1429:1540
1356:1539
1100:1539
1050:Angle
587:1543
510:Date
504:Plan
498:Name
6708:Kent
6558:ISBN
6527:OCLC
6508:ISBN
6489:ISBN
6444:ISBN
6402:help
6353:ISBN
6334:ISBN
6315:ISBN
6283:ISBN
6245:OCLC
6226:ISBN
6184:Fort
6169:ISBN
6116:ISBN
6097:ISBN
6065:ISBN
6048:ISSN
6031:OCLC
6014:OCLC
5988:OCLC
5969:ISBN
5950:ISBN
5931:ISBN
5891:ISBN
5872:ISBN
5834:ISSN
5815:ISBN
5796:ISBN
5777:ISBN
5745:ISBN
5688:2015
5656:2015
5638:2015
5620:2015
5602:2015
5581:2015
5513:2016
5471:2015
5426:2015
5408:2015
5378:2015
5357:2015
5343:2015
5320:2015
5306:2015
5284:2015
5254:2015
5212:2015
5182:2015
5168:2015
5154:2015
5128:2015
5087:2015
5062:2015
5027:2015
5009:2015
4994:2015
4944:2016
4925:2016
4911:2016
4893:2016
4856:2016
4835:2015
4762:2016
4712:2016
4675:2016
4642:2016
4621:2015
4596:2015
4582:2015
4553:2015
4532:2015
4500:2015
4486:2015
4465:2016
4393:2015
4367:2015
4333:2015
4319:2015
4293:2016
4279:2016
4253:2015
4152:2015
3980:Yes
3895:N/A
3719:N/A
3664:Dale
3637:Yes
3554:N/A
3481:Yes
3390:Yes
3335:Deal
3222:Yes
3132:N/A
3052:N/A
2972:N/A
2894:Yes
2809:N/A
2733:Yes
2651:Yes
2571:Yes
2484:Yes
2314:N/A
2231:Yes
2149:N/A
2079:Yes
1993:N/A
1920:N/A
1839:Yes
1741:N/A
1654:N/A
1581:N/A
1508:N/A
1452:Deal
1435:N/A
1379:Deal
1273:N/A
1191:N/A
1108:Yes
947:Yes
889:Deal
860:Yes
773:Yes
595:N/A
430:The
6594:doi
6419:doi
6266:doi
6209:doi
6199:".
6139:doi
5914:doi
5855:doi
4489:;
3805:No
3307:No
2399:No
1362:No
1027:No
802:Rye
682:No
6984::
6904:/
6900:/
6828:/
6710:/
6654:/
6600:.
6590:25
6588:.
6577:93
6575:.
6544:35
6542:.
6476:96
6474:.
6463:89
6461:.
6425:.
6415:40
6413:.
6393::
6391:}}
6387:{{
6381:23
6372:20
6370:.
6302:41
6300:.
6262:40
6260:.
6205:13
6203:.
6188:35
6186:.
6154:.
6135:14
6133:.
6082:.
5908:.
5851:19
5849:.
5764:31
5762:.
5659:;
5641:;
5623:;
5605:;
5572:,
5568:,
5411:;
5381:;
5346:;
5323:;
5309:;
5185:;
5171:;
5157:;
5131:;
5065:;
5012:;
4997:;
4934:,
4928:;
4914:;
4896:;
4585:;
4523:,
4519:,
4453:,
4396:;
4370:;
4322:;
4296:;
4282:;
4256:;
3726:.
3402:.
690:.
462:.
6636:e
6629:t
6622:v
6608:.
6596::
6566:.
6533:.
6516:.
6497:.
6452:.
6433:.
6421::
6404:)
6400:(
6361:.
6342:.
6323:.
6291:.
6272:.
6268::
6251:.
6234:.
6215:.
6211::
6177:.
6156:3
6145:.
6141::
6124:.
6105:.
6084:3
6073:.
6054:.
6037:.
6020:.
5994:.
5977:.
5958:.
5939:.
5920:.
5916::
5910:1
5899:.
5880:.
5861:.
5857::
5840:.
5823:.
5804:.
5785:.
5753:.
5473:.
5257:;
3957:)
3874:)
3784:)
3698:)
3616:)
3533:)
3460:)
3369:)
3286:)
3199:)
3109:)
3031:)
2951:)
2873:)
2788:)
2710:)
2630:)
2548:)
2463:)
2378:)
2293:)
2208:)
2128:)
2056:)
1972:)
1899:)
1816:)
1718:)
1633:)
1558:)
1487:)
1414:)
1341:)
1250:)
1164:)
1085:)
1004:)
924:)
837:)
750:)
659:)
572:)
20:)
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