698:, and the opposition blamed him for the fallout of East Timor. This condition also caused Habibie's accountability report as president to be rejected at the 1999 MPR General Assembly. Because of this rejection, Habibie lost what little chance he had of retaining the presidency in Indonesia's October 1999 election. Meanwhile, the failure of the Indonesian military's plan to keep East Timor in the republic through chaos and to bring General Wiranto to the presidency of Indonesia has weakened, though not ended, the military's strong influence within the country's government. Nevertheless, due to the weakening of the military, Indonesia is now considered more democratic and stable than it would have been if it had come under Wiranto's autonomous military in 1999. After 512 days since office, Habibie was replaced by
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protests across
Indonesia and often intermingle when organizing against the Suharto regime. Thus East Timorese students became a backbone to Indonesia's path to democracy and East Timor's Independence. On the other hand, the democracy movement itself was driven by the East Timorese students. East Timorese students were often formed and known as the heart of the groups and also promoted a more militant line of the protests. While Indonesians protested mostly peacefully at demonstrations, the East Timorese threw stones and burned pictures of President Suharto, affecting the military's response to the demonstrations and the movement.
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reconciliation and mutual respect. After hearing news of
Habibie's death, Gusmão sent a floral tribute saying "Timorese people will remember you forever". The East Timorese government followed suit and offered heartfelt condolences. After his funeral procession, many students and residences of East Timorese origin residing in Indonesia visited his grave, paying their respects. Gusmão travelled from East Timor to visit Habibie’s grave at the
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811:) and forcibly converted. The deportation was never official state policy, but within a year of the invasion, President Suharto had taken 23 East Timorese children into his residence in Jakarta. They became an East Timorese branch of the Suharto family. Since a large number were only two or three years old, it is difficult to find their families in East Timor today. Numerous children have also simply disappeared.
3255:"MNEK, 15 Outubru 2018 – Governu Timor-Leste liuhosi Ministeriu Negósius Estranjeirus no Kooperasaun, entrega simbólikamente ajuda umanitáriu ba vítimas dezastre natural (rai nakdoko no tsunami) ne'ebé maka akontese iha Palu, Sulawesi - Indonézia iha loron 28, fulan Setembru liubá ho montante US$ 750.000, hanesan jéstu solidariedade Timor-Leste ba... - Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation of Timor-Leste"
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figure in East Timor's history, Habibie's decision to conduct the pivotal referendum in 1999 is considered instrumental in the establishment of the nation. This sentiment is shared by individuals from different generations, including those who experienced the independence referendum firsthand and the younger generation, who learn about
Habibie through historical accounts. In recognition of his impact, a
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The students' courage and determination in the face of harsh government crackdowns inspired others to join the resistance movement. East
Timorese students, both within East Timor and studying abroad, began to form student organizations and engage in clandestine activities to counter the oppressive regime. One of the earliest and most influential student organizations was the
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950:(2016: US$ 158,594,000), including vehicles, fuel, food, cigarettes and construction materials. Conversely, East Timor exported goods worth US$ 3,152,000 to Indonesia (3rd in destination, 2016: US$ 453,000). Of this, US$ 2,020,561 worth was 2,744,080 kg of coffee. Indonesia is thus the 4th importer of East Timorese coffee. In addition, there are
782:, East Timor regained its independence on 20 May 2002. Since then, East Timorese leaders have primarily sought reconciliation with Indonesia rather than prosecution. At the time, large sections of the East Timorese population, human rights organisations and the Catholic Church all criticise this decision. The work of the
880:) as well as the exact modalities of a corridor from Oe-Cusse Ambeno to the main national territory. Since 2010, there has been a special pass for traffic in the area near the border. Since the end of 2009, however, there have been repeated incursions by Indonesian soldiers on the local population in Naktuka.
432:(RENETIL), founded in Jakarta in the mid-1980s. RENETIL served as a platform for East Timorese students to exchange ideas, discuss strategies, and coordinate actions against the Indonesian government's policies. It also played a crucial role in raising international awareness about the situation in East Timor.
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and Dili did not want to cooperate with the court, or did not want to strain relations between the two sides, Indonesian officials and military personnel were not brought to justice. During the riots in East Timor in 2006, the office of the SCU was vandalised and important evidence against
Indonesian
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in
Jakarta on November 12, as the APEC meeting began, and proceeded to occupy the grounds for the next twelve days. President Bill Clinton, without acknowledging the goals of the protests, stated that they were peaceful. In light to save face, the Indonesian government assured the delegation that the
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The 1991 Santa Cruz massacre led to a rethink within the
Indonesian democracy movement on the East Timor issue. From here, East Timorese Pro-independence students usually found common ground with Indonesian Pro-democracy students. Eventually, both factions can be found in solidarity, participating in
96:, in which the people of East Timor chose independence. Following a United Nations interim administration, East Timor gained independence in 2002. Indonesia already had a consulate in Dili during the Portuguese colonial period, though Indonesia formalized their relations by establishing an embassy in
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Indonesia is East Timor's largest and most important import partner, with the former exporting USD 187 million (32%-33.3% of imports) worth of goods in 2017 while the latter only exported USD 6 million in the opposite direction. In 2018, East Timor imported goods worth US$ 159,380,000 from
Indonesia
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government to support the idea of a referendum for East Timor. With Wahid himself becoming the first president to daringly and openly acknowledge the atrocities committed by
Indonesia against the people and country of East Timor under the previous regime, issuing a public apology during a tumultuous
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in the territory, destroying over half of the territory's fixed infrastructure, killing about 1,500 East
Timorese and displacing a further 300,000 people over the next few weeks. Habibie was unable to get the military to toe his line, and the accusations from their ranks that Habibie was endangering
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grew, so did the frequency and scale of protests and acts of civil disobedience. Demonstrations, strikes, and other forms of protest became a common occurrence, particularly on university campuses. University campuses in Indonesia provided a space for critical thinking, discussion, and organization.
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is considered a working language in East Timor. As a result of the occupation, 36.6% of East Timor's population can still speak, read and write Indonesian, another 1.7% speak and read, 17.6% only able to read, and 6.2% only able speak it. About 2,700 inhabitants of East Timor consider Indonesian as
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About 4,000 children were brought from East Timor by Indonesian soldiers, officials and religious organisations during the 24 years of occupation - mostly to help them, often promises of a good education for the children were made to the parents. Other children were kept like slaves by the soldiers
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The view of the Habibie's government in the early reform era tended to be negative, but in line with the development of time, many assessed the Habibie government positively, especially in East Timor. The people of East Timor hold a high regard for the late President of Indonesia. Regarded as a key
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After 78% of East Timorese chose independence in the referendum, Habibie was attacked across the Indonesian political spectrum for betraying national interests. When Habibie was one of the candidates in the presidential nomination and election by the MPR in 1999, his nomination was opposed by most
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Habibie was concerned by the fact that during visits, foreign politicians repeatedly deviated from topics and spoke about East Timor. Habibie has also long been offended by the costs of occupying East Timor and developing it. Eventually as international pressure for East Timor's independence grew,
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and arranging attacks on independence groups. There were repeated warnings, especially from the ranks of the Indonesian military, that there were efforts to unite the island of Timor in a state independent of Indonesia. However, there were never any serious politicians or groups in East Timor who
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visiting Habibie in the hospital. The footage shows an emotional Gusmão speaking quietly to Habibie before kissing him on the forehead. In a touching moment, Habibie reaches out and embraces Gusmão, who then lays his head on Habibie’s chest. In Indonesia, this was seen as a powerful symbol of
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With connections from East Timor, copies of the Santa Cruz massacre footage were distributed and circulated within Indonesia, granting more Indonesian citizens access to uncensored depictions of their government's actions. As a result, numerous other pro-democracy student factions and their
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situated in Dili was named in honor of Habibie. Though, it generated some criticism as Habibie's internal role is viewed very ambivalently, but Gusmão remained firm in relation to the name. Inaugurated on August 29, 2019, a few days before Habibie's passing, the bridge stands as a tangible
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on 30 November 1975, calling for East Timor's annexation to Indonesia. However, the declaration, a draft of the Indonesian secret service, was signed in Bali and not in Balibo, probably under pressure from the Indonesian government. The signatories were more or less prisoners of Indonesia.
281:, disguised as supporters of these parties, occupied the border regions of East Timor. To counter the threat, Fretilin unilaterally declared independence on 28 November 1975. Indonesia responded by reporting that the leaders of UDT, APODETI and other parties had signed the so-called
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Problems to be solved include, East Timor-Indonesia Boundary Committee meetings to survey and delimit land boundary; and Indonesia is seeking resolution of East Timorese refugees in Indonesia. Initially disputed with Indonesia were the affiliation of the small uninhabited island of
582:: Dewan Solidaritas Mahasiswa) avoided affiliation with any political party and welcomed all perspectives both originating from Indonesia and East Timor. Dili hosted the largest forum on August 22. For the first time in history, Indonesian activists and intellectuals (most notably,
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Government and propagated the annexation to Indonesia. Support for this among the East Timorese population was limited. When it became apparent that the leftist Fretilin would probably take over the leadership of the country in elections, the conservative
633:, succeeded him in presidency. During his short 1 year presidency, he lifted restrictions on political parties and labour unions; ended censorship; freed Xanana Gusmão, the East Timor independence leader, from prison; signed a new agreement with the
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who had killed their parents or taken them away from them. According to a secret military document, Indonesian soldiers were supposed to help transfer children to Indonesia to spread Islam in East Timor. Many children were sent to Muslim schools (
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defendants was destroyed. Several thousand East Timorese, mainly collaborators and their families, fled to West Timor after the Indonesians withdrew and now live there, sometimes in very poor conditions. The SCU's office in Dili was destroyed.
364:
became the major source of resistance to Indonesia's annexation of East Timor, but eventually, military resistance to Indonesia's occupation of East Timor was almost eliminated. For 20 years, the poet and semi-professional football goalkeeper
790:(CAVR), established by the United Nations, tried instead to document the perpetrators of the crimes between 1975 and 1999. The Serious Crimes Unit set up by the UN investigated East Timor for this purpose. However, because the governments in
525:(AST) were joined by Indonesian pro-democracy activists and students from various campuses across Jakarta. They came together with the common goal of demonstrating and occupying several embassies throughout Jakarta, primarily focusing on the
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protestors weren't going to be prosecuted. After the arrest, the protesters were deported and received asylum in Portugal. Some East Timorese students who also occupied and jumped over the fences of various embassies were also deported to
451:, resulting in nine years of imprisonment, RENETIL persisted. RENETIL, now isolated, attempted to "Indonize" the East Timor conflict by promoting the issue and establishing contact with Indonesian opposition groups fighting against the
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on East Timorese independence rather than a gradual reform to autonomy. Although he lightly disagreed on independence for East Timor, Habibie insisted on creating a referendum with a choice between special autonomy and independence.
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succeeded in 1974, Portugal declared its intent to give its former colony independence and local parties formed, intending to contest East Timor's first free elections scheduled for 1976. And with the downfall of Sukarno after the
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in 1963 that their country had no interest in territories outside the former Dutch East Indies. Portuguese Timor was explicitly and specifically mentioned here. The reason for this was also the tying up of Indonesian forces in
1036:(MarVi) came fourth behind three Indonesians. A fan of dangdut, Prime Minister Xanana Gusmao was also seen dancing enthusiastically to the rhythm of songs, such as 'Kaka Main Salah', followed by two dangdut songs performed by
352:, also supported the Indonesian government. A 24-year guerrilla war ensued, during which fighting, reprisals by the occupying forces, hunger and disease killed about 183,000 out of a total East Timorese population of 800,000.
3290:"Shortly after midnight on April 25, 1974 young left-wing officers of the Movimento das Forcas Armadas (MFA) overthrew Portugals 48-year-old nationalist dictatorship... (it) came to be known as "the Carnation Revolution.""
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During the months of July and August 1998, student activists focused on organizing more free-speech forums so that East Timorese could discuss what kind of independence they desired and how to achieve it. The newly formed
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did not express any interest in Portuguese Timor. Though at one point, Indonesia was accused of being behind two rebellions against the Portuguese. On Sukarno's visit to Portugal in 1961, Sukarno reportedly assured Dr.
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In 2013, the dispute over the Memo area was settled. East Timor had already given up its claims to the island of Batek Island at that time. On 23 July 2019, after a meeting between East Timor's chief negotiator
112:. Relations between the two countries are generally considered highly positive, despite various problems. Numerous agreements regulate cooperation in different areas. East Timorese are visa-free in Indonesia.
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Another was in 4 April 1998, where Thousands of students demanded that the president's 32-year rule end and that economic and political reforms be implemented during the anti-Suharto demonstrations at the
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256:. Indonesia, then firmly-rooted in the anti-Soviet camp in Southeast Asia, was alarmed by the left-leaning parties that looked set to win that election. With this, the newly made East Timorese party,
369:, led a low-level insurrection against the occupation and diplomatic pressure was also placed on Indonesia. Gusmão became East Timor's first president following its independence. Only after the
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International demonstration supporting the results of East Timor's referendum in September 1999, at a time when Indonesian troops were carrying out a scorched earth campaign in the country
486:, then began to veto candidates they did not like. Eventually by gradual reform, IMPETTU was fully without government oversight. By 1996, IMPETTU was formerly led by future East Timorese
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with bloodied make up to reenact East Timorese suffering. Indonesian students then clashed with hundreds of riot police, during which the police used tear gas and students threw rocks.
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publications within Indonesia began openly and critically addressing not only East Timor, but also the "New Order" regime, as well as the broader history and future of Indonesia.
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in 1991, where Indonesian security forces brutally suppressed a peaceful demonstration in Dili, East Timor's capital. This led RENETIL to organize its first demonstration in
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Hafidz, Tatik S.. Fading away?: The political role of the army in Indonesia’s transition to democracy, 1998–2001. Singapore Institute of Defence and Strategic Studies, p. 43
969:, on the south coast towards Indonesian West Timor. There is no regular bus service. From the East Timorese exclave of Oe-Cusse Ambeno, border crossings at Napan/Bobometo,
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896:, it was declared that agreement had now been reached on the course of the country's border. Negotiations on the maritime demarcation have also been underway since 2015.
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662:. Also, the cultural differences and ethnic compositions in the two parts of the island, which has been divided for 400 years, are very different. Within hours of the
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As in the years after independence, East Timor's government was careful not to endanger Habibie's reforms and democratic successors through a reconciliation process.
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Miller, M. (2004). 'From reform to repression: the post-New Order's shifting security policies in Aceh', Review of Indonesian and Malaysian Affairs, 38(4), 129–162.
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In 2011, 5,501 citizens of Indonesia live in East Timor. There is a very large number of East Timorese in Indonesia, whether as Foreign workers or as students.
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was a Dutch possession until World War II) as a colony. The land border with Indonesia is 228 km long. The course of the border had been 97% fixed since 2006.
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in 2011. Indonesia has pushed and insisted other members of ASEAN to grant East Timor ASEAN membership. Sometimes budding heads with other countries, such as
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The United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor (UNTAET) provided an interim civil administration and a peacekeeping mission in the territory of
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and Indonesia were the only nations in the world which recognised East Timor as a province of Indonesia. Other governments, including the governments of the
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482:(IMPETTU or IMPETU)), the state sponsored Indonesian-East Timorese student organization. The Indonesian military and the Indonesian governor of East Timor,
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1745:"B J Habibie, Indonesia's third president who in his brief tenure brought in new freedoms and gave East Timor a vote on independence – obituary"
182:, where they were trying to legitimize and consolidate power from the Dutch. Doubts remained about the statement, however, due to the prevalent
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Palmer, Lisa; de Carvalho, Demetrio do Amaral (May 2008). "Nation building and resource management: The politics of 'nature' in Timor Leste".
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in East Timor in 1999. The result was clearly in favour of complete independence for East Timor, whereupon Indonesian security forces and
3306:"Fretilin was established by a seminary-trained mestizo elite with links to left-wing groups in both Portugal and its African colonies."
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that Portuguese rights on Timor would be respected. As another response, Indonesian diplomats stressed and repeatedly declared to the
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in Dili, there are connections to Kupang, Denpasar, and Jakarta. From the heartland of East Timor, there is a border crossing at
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1032:(end of 2016), in which contestants from several Southeast Asian countries took part and sang dangdut songs, East Timorese
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Since East Timor seceded from Indonesia and was recognized as an ASEAN observer, Indonesia has been a strong supporter of
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was visiting. With the help of Indonesian activists, some twenty-nine East Timorese students climbed over the wall of the
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2725:"Grenzstreitigkeiten zwischen Indonesien und Timor-Leste drohen zu eskalieren – Wikinews, die freie Nachrichtenquelle"
694:. He was opposed by the reformists due to being considered to still be part of the New Order regime. While his party,
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emerged victorious from the short civil war. The Portuguese administration had withdrawn from the colonial capital
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wearing East Timor's flag during a public speech in Indonesia in 1997 to demand the right for self-determination
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regime. From here, joint Indonesian-East Timorese Student Organizations sprung up across campuses such like the
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594:) gave speeches inside East Timor condemning the occupation and advocating for a referendum and democracy.
2385:"Extraordinary Meeting of the Council of Ministers of September 12, 2019 « Government of Timor-Leste"
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Prior to his passing, a viral video widely shared in Indonesia and East Timor captured former President
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1815:"Intervention in Asia: The example of East Timor - conflict resolution without sufficient prevention"
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were strongly opposed to the East Timorese independence and had spent much of 1998 and 1999 arming
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Pengawasan DPR Era Reformasi: Realitas Penggunaan Hak Interpelasi, Angket, dan Menyatakan Pendapat
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is still relatively common and eaten across East timor, commonly found in family-run restaurants (
1817:. Projektgruppe Gerechter Friede der Deutschen Kommission Justitia et Pax. Berlin. Archived from
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1555:"Sei Ki'ik, Hedi Ona "Mate Ka Moris Ukun Rasik-An" Iha Nia Fuan (Profile: Mariano Sabino Lopes)"
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2061:"Ramos Horta: Gus Dur Orang Indonesia Pertama yang Bahas Referendum Timor Leste Halaman all"
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1667:"Human Rights Watch Report - Indonesia/East Timor: Deteriorating Human Rights in East Timor"
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Habibie promised to take light to the East Timor issue. Unexpectedly, he offered a surprise
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1229:"Timor Leste Passport Holders: List of Countries That Offer Visa-Free Entry - Travel Tips"
786:(CTF) in coming to terms with the crimes of 1999 was also criticised in this respect. The
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2990:"Delineation and Demarcation surveys of the land border in Timor: Indonesian perspective"
1509:(in Portuguese). Parlamento Nacional República Democrática De Timor-Leste. Archived from
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2086:"Gus Dur Tak Pernah Dilupakan Rakyat Timor Leste, Pernyataannya Bikin Luluh Satu Negara"
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2360:"East Timor resistance fighter's 'touching' farewell to former Indonesian president"
2310:"East Timor resistance fighter's 'touching' farewell to former Indonesian president"
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Suharto's grip on the East Timorese and Indonesian populace waned over time as the
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in the middle of the 18th century, and maintained the eastern half of the island (
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Renetil iha luta libertasaun Timor-Lorosa'e: antes sem título, do que sem pátria!
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embassies. This also occurred in conjunction with both the summit meeting of the
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polemics and rhetoric taken by the government of Indonesia and the public under
2751:"Timor-Leste e Indonésia chegam a acordo para definição de fronteira terrestre"
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2240:"Jembatan dan Taman BJ Habibie di Dili Diresmikan Ramos Horta – KILASTIMOR.com"
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3234:"East Timorese Food: 7 Traditional Dishes of Timor-Leste | Travel Food Atlas"
2802:"A decade after independence, East Timor's surprising best friend? Indonesia"
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Timor-Leste e Indonésia chegam a acordo para definição de fronteira terrestre
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lead to West Timor. However, only Bobometo and Sacato are legal crossings.
403:
3160:"Lagu Dangdut Meriahkan Gala Dinner KTT ASEAN, Xanana Gusmao Berjoget Ria"
2996:. The National Agency for Surveys and Mapping of Indonesia. Archived from
2882:"Philippine Civil Society To Support Timor-Leste Bid for ASEAN Membership"
1785:
1253:
Weatherbee, Donald E. (1966). "Portuguese Timor: An Indonesian Dilemma".
1069:
680:
547:
361:
353:
349:
270:
137:
105:
1852:
4364:
2260:"Xanana Gusmao: East Timor independence hero embraces dying BJ Habibie"
1775:
Braithwaite, John; Charlesworth, Hilary; Soares, Adérito (March 2012).
1274:
1061:
1025:
981:
974:
889:
873:
863:
791:
671:
622:
452:
440:
253:
190:
125:
101:
2477:"Nicolau Lobato: Heroi Timor-Leste iha Ema Nia Rai – Fundasaun Mahein"
132:
and two other small islands. Indonesia owns the rest of Timor and all
1052:
992:
954:
from East Timor to Indonesia worth 5,243,000 US dollars (3rd place).
695:
530:
345:
109:
1266:
1178:
1088:, East Timor donated US$ 750,000 in solidarity with the victims in
679:
the unity of the country did the rest. Violence continued until an
80:
established diplomatic relations in 2002. Both share the island of
3108:"Maria Vitoria : Bintang Dangdut Masa Depan Asal Timor Leste"
989:
926:
909:
836:
797:
753:
709:
612:
500:
402:
341:
332:, but this annexation was not recognised internationally, because
300:
230:
121:
81:
2435:"Xanana Gusmao visits BJ Habibie's grave to pay his last respect"
1777:
Networked Governance of Freedom and Tyranny: Peace in Timor-Leste
3185:"Joget Heboh Xanana Gusmao saat Jang Ganggu dan Kaka Main Salah"
1089:
1056:). Elements of indonesian foods and drinks can also be found in
938:
274:
97:
4320:
4239:
3583:
3538:
3317:
217:"We no longer think about that, although it was not long ago."
4283:
2777:"RI, Timor Leste agree to resolve border problems, boost ties"
2608:"Govt to hand over more houses for former East Timor refugees"
1840:
Out of the Ashes: Destruction and Reconstruction of East Timor
841:
East Timorese border guard standing on a crossing in Motamasin
637:
to stabilise the economy; and promised democratic elections.
2573:"The World Today - Serious Crimes Unit office looted in Dili"
1418:
980:
Traditionally, there was a lively trade between East Timor's
894:
Coordinating Minister for Political Affairs, Law and Security
469:
East Timor Association of University and High School Students
277:. UDT and APODETI supporters fled to Indonesia. As a result,
88:
in 1976, maintaining East Timor as its 27th province until a
84:. Indonesia invaded the former Portuguese colony in 1975 and
914:
President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and Xanana Gusmão at the
802:
East Timorese women in an Indonesian propaganda image (1984)
788:
Reception, Truth and Reconciliation Commission of East Timor
521:, where students from RENETIL, IMPETTU, and the underground
1976:, John McBeth and Dan Murphy, September 16, 1999, pp. 10–14
707:
time in Indonesia, amidst an uncertain divided government.
778:(INTERFET) restored peace and order. After three years of
423:
devastated the Indonesian economy. As the momentum of the
381:
overran East Timor once again, with a wave of violence in
156:
The territory of Indonesia emerged from the colony of the
140:
took control of the territory that would become known as
3310:
p. 115, Michael Leifer, Taylor & Francis, 2001.
1040:, 'Cikini Gondangdia' and 'No Comment,' during the 2023
1440:
The Christian Science Monitor, Dan Murphy, May 20, 2002
727:
representation of his lasting influence on the nation.
269:(UDT) attempted a coup d'état in August 1975. However,
1986:
Ichwanuddin, W.; dan Haris, S., eds. (November 2014).
465:
Indonesian People's Solidarity with the Maubere People
294:
Declaration", a pun on the Indonesian word for "lie" (
3308:
Dictionary of the modern politics of South-East Asia,
2884:. Initiatives for International Dialogue. 7 June 2013
389:
Pro-Independence and Pro-Democracy student solidarity
2035:
Decisive Moments: Indonesia's Long Road to Democracy
1950:
Decisive Moments: Indonesia's Long Road to Democracy
1591:(4. pr ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.
1372:
A Not-So-Distant Horror: Mass Violence in East Timor
1159:(CAVR) in Timor-Leste. 2006 – via www.etan.or.
743:to pay his last respects along with Habibie's son.
4403:
4378:
4357:
4331:
4197:
4161:
4005:
3779:
3703:
3597:
3512:
3491:
3465:
3409:
3383:
3358:
3210:"East Timorese Dishes: Try the Food of Timor Leste"
2856:"Indonesia Supports East Timor's Bid to Join ASEAN"
2410:"East Timorese Pays Respect to His Hero BJ Habibie"
2335:"Memori Sejarah Manis Xanana Gusmao dan BJ Habibie"
2013:
Criticisms mount over Habibie's East Timor decision
411:in November 1998, following calls to follow up the
100:. Since October 2002, East Timor has an embassy in
33:
3375:
2988:Sutisna, Sobar; Handoyo, Sri (21 September 2011).
2498:"UN chief criticizes Timor-Indonesia "truth" body"
1297:"US Foreign Policy on Timor and Indonesia in 1963"
1157:Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation
666:being announced by UN Special Envoy to East Timor
160:in 1945, while East Timor remained as a colony of
4349:Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia
4227:
3134:"Selamat, Weni Jadi Juara Dangdut Academy Asia 2"
2522:"U.N. presses on with East Timor violence probes"
2193:"Sosok BJ Habibie di hati masyarakat Timor Leste"
3074:Instituto Nacional de Estatística de Timor-Leste
3047:Instituto Nacional de Estatística de Timor-Leste
2466:Adam Schwarz, Westview Press, 2nd edition (1999)
2136:"BJ Habibie dalam Kenangan Warga Timor Lorosa'e"
517:Such cooperation was notably evident during the
2961:"External Trade Statistics Annual Reports 2018"
2933:"External Trade Statistics Annual Reports 2015"
2749:Lusa, Rádio e Televisão de (RTP) (2019-07-23).
2164:"BJ Habibie dan Sejarah Pembebasan Timor Leste"
443:a week later. Future East Timorese politician,
373:'s dictatorship did Indonesia agree to hold an
215:
151:
3158:Nurul Ulya, Fika; Rastika, Icha (2023-09-06).
2692:"Indonesia - E Timor under Borderline Dispute"
435:One of the most significant incidents was the
120:East Timor occupies the east of the island of
3550:
3329:
1453:Anti-Chinese Violence in Indonesia, 1996-1999
858:(Suco Tapo/Memo) and the Indonesian Dilumil (
686:arrived in the country on 20 September 1999.
430:National Resistance of East Timorese Students
395:National Resistance of East Timorese Students
328:. In 1976, Indonesia officially declared the
8:
2111:"Saat Gus Dur Mohon Maaf kepada Timor Leste"
1304:National Archives and Records Administration
758:Last meeting on 30 Oct 1999 between Col Inf
19:
3003:on 1 January 2006 – via ResearchGate.
1974:Scorched Earth, Far Eastern Economic Review
1177:(in Portuguese). 2023-04-06. Archived from
4328:
4317:
4236:
3594:
3580:
3557:
3543:
3535:
3336:
3322:
3314:
2828:Prashanth, Parameswaran (6 October 2016).
2219:"Ponte 4 miloens, Tau Naran B. J. Habibie"
1533:. Carlos da Silva L.F.R. Saky ho Renetil.
702:, one of the first few figures within the
609:1999 East Timorese independence referendum
2463:East Timor: The little pebble that could,
1851:
1784:
1693:"Suharto's fall: A New Era in East Timor"
1306:– via George Washington University.
467:(SPRIM) and also began to infiltrate the
152:Sukarno's government's view of East Timor
2333:Raditya, Iswara N. (13 September 2019).
1717:"Indonesia - Anti-Suharto demonstration"
1002:
929:, especially during the chairmanship of
480:Ikatan Mahasiswa dan Pelajar Timor Timur
2680: (1999) Retrieved 2008-04-12.
2217:Costa, Ato "Lekinawa" da (2019-08-30).
1527:Saky, Carlos da Silva L. F. R. (2013).
1146:"Part 3: The History of the Conflict".
1133:
258:Timorese Popular Democratic Association
124:. In addition, the country includes an
4395:List of diplomatic missions in Jakarta
1481:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1473:
18:
3294:p. 39, Larry Diamond, Macmillan 2008.
2186:
2184:
2158:
2156:
1921:"Officials wary of Great Timor State"
1808:
1806:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1738:
1736:
1686:
1684:
1582:
1580:
1522:
1520:
1318:"Tokoh Indonesia di Mata Timor Leste"
784:Joint Truth and Friendship Commission
309:led the invasion of East Timor (1975)
235:Coat of arms of occupied East Timor (
7:
3106:dos Reis, Teodosia (13 March 2017).
1743:Obituaries, Telegraph (2019-09-24).
1141:
1139:
1137:
2830:"When Will Timor-Leste Join ASEAN?"
2032:Habibie, Bacharuddin Jusuf (2006).
2022:The Jakarta Post, September 7, 1999
1992:. Jakarta: LIPI Press. p. 64.
670:, the Indonesian military ruled by
519:1995 embassy occupations in Jakarta
211:Indonesian occupation of East Timor
2858:. Voice of America. Archived from
2191:Savitri, Putu Indah (2022-05-23).
2170:(in Indonesian). 11 September 2019
2059:Media, Kompas Cyber (2022-07-22).
1507:"Nome: Fernando La Sama de Araújo"
862:) and areas around the exclave of
598:Towards East Timorese independence
535:Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation
20:East Timorese–Indonesian relations
14:
4460:Bilateral relations of East Timor
3520:Diplomatic missions of East Timor
1076:in Indonesian), and many others.
959:Presidente Nicolau Lobato Airport
770:left East Timor on friendly terms
463:(SMID). RENETIL also created the
409:National University of East Timor
4455:Bilateral relations of Indonesia
4226:
3566:
3374:
3366:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
3345:
1813:Schlicher, Monika (March 2004).
1615:East Timor: Genocide in Paradise
906:Accession of East Timor to ASEAN
776:International Intervention Force
461:Student Solidarity for Democracy
407:Protesters demonstrating at the
55:
44:
25:
3352:Foreign relations of East Timor
3132:Astuti HPS, Puji (2016-12-30).
2908:World Integrated Trade Solution
2775:Parlina, Ina (27 August 2015).
2690:Amarullah, Amril (2010-02-25).
2666:United Nations Security Council
1438:The President Behind the Nation
1107:Foreign relations of East Timor
965:, near the north coast, and at
692:People's Representative Council
260:(APODETI), was financed by the
4450:East Timor–Indonesia relations
3573:Foreign relations of Indonesia
3301:
3285:
3028:10.1016/j.geoforum.2007.09.007
2854:Brian Padden (29 March 2011).
2642:"East Timor's stolen children"
2548:"UN Boycotts Timor Truth Body"
2546:Khalik, Abdul (28 July 2007).
1896:"TNI Warns of W. Timor Rebels"
1231:. 24 June 2010. Archived from
1112:Foreign relations of Indonesia
750:Reparations and reconciliation
715:President B. J. Habibie Bridge
523:Timorese Socialist Association
360:East Timorese political party
1:
3066:"Timor-Leste in Figures 2011"
2968:Direcção-Geral de Estatística
2940:Direcção-Geral de Estatística
2807:The Christian Science Monitor
2433:antaranews.com (2019-09-15).
2238:Kilas, Redaksi (2019-08-29).
1589:A history of modern Indonesia
762:, Xanana, and Colonel Czi J.
313:On 7 December 1975, the open
243:When Portugal's left-leaning
136:to the west, north and east.
2800:Rees, Edward (23 May 2012).
2614:. 2012-01-09. Archived from
2571:Barker, Anne (31 May 2006).
1428:. Retrieved 2 February 2008.
1206:. 2017-04-24. Archived from
4411:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
4370:Ligitan and Sipadan dispute
2994:Center for Boundary Mapping
2408:Afifa, Laila (2019-09-13).
2308:Anne, Barker (2019-09-12).
1417:25 January 1999. Online at
1347:www.easttimorgovernment.com
1171:"Embaixadas de Timor-Leste"
1102:East Timor–Indonesia border
833:East Timor–Indonesia border
635:International Monetary Fund
490:and former RENETIL member,
421:1997 Asian financial crisis
399:May 1998 riots of Indonesia
317:began with the approval of
4476:
2640:Lamb, Kate (8 July 2012).
2283:Lyons, Kate (2019-09-13).
1945:Habibie, Bacharuddin Jusuf
1495:. University of Melbourne.
903:
830:
774:Only the deployment of an
627:forced resignation in 1998
606:
603:Habibie and the referendum
576:Student Solidarity Council
392:
324:and US secretary of state
290:called the paper the "Bali
208:
4327:
4316:
4249:
4235:
4224:
3593:
3579:
3372:
2560:– via www.etan.org.
1933:– via www.etan.org.
1909:– via www.etan.org.
1612:Jardine, Matthew (1999).
1204:"KBRI Dili - Timor Leste"
737:Kalibata Heroes' Cemetery
717:and its entrance monument
649:Parts of the influential
484:José Abílio Osório Soares
457:People's Democratic Union
267:Timorese Democratic Union
67:
54:
43:
24:
3292:The Spirit of Democracy,
1642:Timor, a People Betrayed
1587:Vickers, Adrian (2008).
1377:Cornell University Press
1086:2018 Sulawesi earthquake
931:Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono
676:Scorched Earth Operation
556:University of Gajah Mada
356:, the armed wing of the
330:annexation of East Timor
1846:. Canberra: ANU Press.
1837:, ed. (November 2003).
1671:Human Rights Watch/Asia
1486:Nicholson, Dan (2001).
1424:8 February 2017 at the
854:), 37 hectares between
655:pro-Indonesia partisans
379:pro-Indonesian militias
375:independence referendum
226:'s opinion on Soeharto.
4386:Diplomatic missions of
4023:Bosnia and Herzegovina
3050:. 2015. Archived from
1450:Purdey, Jemma (2006).
1175:Governo de Timor-Leste
1149:"Chega!" a CAVR-report
1008:
923:East Timor's accession
918:
876:, Citrana triangle in
842:
803:
771:
718:
684:UN peace-keeping force
629:, his Vice President,
618:
510:
479:
416:
315:invasion of East Timor
310:
240:
219:
3042:"2015 Census Results"
2977:on 20 September 2022.
1786:10.22459/ngft.03.2012
1489:The Lorikeet Warriors
1413:17 March 2017 at the
1117:History of East Timor
1058:East Timorese cuisine
1006:
913:
840:
801:
757:
713:
616:
504:
488:Deputy Prime Minister
406:
304:
250:30 September Movement
234:
116:Historical background
4421:Indonesian diplomats
3982:United Arab Emirates
2949:on 13 November 2018.
2038:. Ilthabi Rekatama.
1953:. Ilthabi Rekatama.
1691:Roosa, John (1998).
1639:Dunn, James (1983).
1408:"Blood on Our Hands"
1343:"East Timor History"
1122:History of Indonesia
1007:Maria Vitória (2017)
492:Mariano Sabino Lopes
425:student-led movement
245:Carnation Revolution
164:. During this time,
134:neighbouring islands
4416:Indonesian diaspora
3112:Kantor Berita Radio
2862:on 26 November 2013
2459:A Nation in Waiting
1902:. December 18, 2001
1853:10.22459/oa.11.2003
1677:(3). February 1995.
1645:. Jacaranda Press.
1513:on 29 October 2008.
1012:Indonesian language
766:. The next day the
651:Indonesian military
588:Yeni Rosa Damayanti
564:flags of East Timor
507:Abel Pires da Silva
437:Santa Cruz massacre
205:Under the New Order
21:
16:Bilateral relations
2904:"East Timor Trade"
2479:. 11 December 2015
2389:timor-leste.gov.tl
2018:2009-06-23 at the
1048:Indonesian cuisine
1009:
919:
843:
804:
772:
719:
664:referendum results
658:aspired to such a
619:
592:Y. B. Mangunwijaya
511:
445:Fernando de Araújo
417:
326:Henry A. Kissinger
311:
283:Balibo Declaration
241:
130:west of the island
104:and consulates in
94:referendum in 1999
86:annexed East Timor
4437:
4436:
4433:
4432:
4429:
4428:
4312:
4311:
4222:
4221:
4218:
4217:
3532:
3531:
2618:on 9 January 2012
2045:978-979-99386-7-1
1999:978-979-799-787-8
1960:978-979-99386-7-1
1796:978-1-921862-75-5
1652:978-0-7016-1715-8
1625:978-1-878825-22-3
1618:. Odonian Press.
1598:978-0-521-54262-3
1540:978-602-70107-5-8
1463:978-9971-69-332-9
1038:Aurelie Moeremans
780:UN administration
700:Abdurrahman Wahid
383:Operation Thunder
279:Indonesian troops
191:President Sukarno
158:Dutch East Indies
71:
70:
4467:
4329:
4318:
4237:
4230:
4229:
4184:Papua New Guinea
3595:
3581:
3571:
3570:
3559:
3552:
3545:
3536:
3504:Papua New Guinea
3378:
3377:
3350:
3349:
3338:
3331:
3324:
3315:
3305:
3289:
3269:
3268:
3266:
3265:
3259:www.facebook.com
3251:
3245:
3244:
3242:
3241:
3230:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3220:
3214:Visit East Timor
3206:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3196:
3181:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3171:
3155:
3149:
3148:
3146:
3145:
3129:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3119:
3103:
3097:
3096:
3090:
3089:
3083:
3077:. Archived from
3070:
3062:
3056:
3055:
3038:
3032:
3031:
3022:(3): 1321–1332.
3011:
3005:
3004:
3002:
2985:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2970:. Archived from
2965:
2957:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2942:. Archived from
2937:
2929:
2923:
2922:
2920:
2918:
2900:
2894:
2893:
2891:
2889:
2878:
2872:
2871:
2869:
2867:
2851:
2845:
2844:
2842:
2840:
2825:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2814:
2797:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2787:
2781:The Jakarta Post
2772:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2762:
2746:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2736:
2721:
2715:
2714:
2708:
2707:
2698:. Archived from
2687:
2681:
2678:S/RES/1272(1999)
2663:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2652:
2637:
2631:
2630:
2624:
2623:
2612:The Jakarta Post
2604:
2598:
2597:
2591:
2590:
2581:. Archived from
2568:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2558:
2552:The Jakarta Post
2543:
2537:
2536:
2534:
2533:
2518:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2508:
2494:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2484:
2473:
2467:
2455:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2445:
2430:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2420:
2405:
2399:
2398:
2396:
2395:
2381:
2375:
2374:
2372:
2371:
2356:
2350:
2349:
2347:
2346:
2330:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2320:
2305:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2295:
2280:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2270:
2256:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2246:
2235:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2225:
2214:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2204:
2188:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2175:
2160:
2151:
2150:
2148:
2147:
2132:
2126:
2125:
2123:
2122:
2107:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2097:
2082:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2072:
2056:
2050:
2049:
2029:
2023:
2010:
2004:
2003:
1983:
1977:
1971:
1965:
1964:
1941:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1931:
1925:26 February 2005
1917:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1907:
1900:The Jakarta Post
1892:
1886:
1883:
1877:
1874:
1868:
1867:
1855:
1845:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1810:
1801:
1800:
1788:
1772:
1759:
1758:
1756:
1755:
1740:
1731:
1730:
1729:
1728:
1713:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1703:
1688:
1679:
1678:
1663:
1657:
1656:
1636:
1630:
1629:
1609:
1603:
1602:
1584:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1565:on 3 August 2017
1561:. Archived from
1551:
1545:
1544:
1524:
1515:
1514:
1503:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1483:
1468:
1467:
1447:
1441:
1435:
1429:
1401:
1395:
1394:
1363:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1353:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1329:
1314:
1308:
1307:
1301:
1293:
1287:
1286:
1250:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1240:
1225:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1215:
1200:
1194:
1193:
1187:
1186:
1167:
1161:
1160:
1154:
1143:
1068:in Indonesian),
984:and Indonesia's
584:Wilson Obrigados
543:American embassy
537:where president
477:
227:
224:José Ramos-Horta
162:Portuguese Timor
142:Portuguese Timor
59:
58:
48:
47:
29:
22:
4475:
4474:
4470:
4469:
4468:
4466:
4465:
4464:
4440:
4439:
4438:
4425:
4399:
4374:
4365:Ambalat dispute
4353:
4323:
4308:
4245:
4231:
4214:
4193:
4189:Solomon Islands
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3140:(in Indonesian)
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3114:(in Indonesian)
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3054:on 31 Dec 2016.
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2109:
2108:
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2095:
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2084:
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2070:
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2067:(in Indonesian)
2058:
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2020:Wayback Machine
2011:
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1261:(12): 683–695.
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864:Oe-Cusse Ambeno
835:
829:
824:
760:Sahala Silalahi
752:
690:members of the
672:General Wiranto
668:Jamsheed Marker
611:
605:
600:
505:RENETIL member
471:
401:
391:
371:fall of Suharto
307:Dading Kalbuadi
254:General Suharto
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4404:Related topics
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2090:Pos-kupang.com
2077:
2051:
2044:
2024:
2005:
1998:
1978:
1966:
1959:
1936:
1912:
1887:
1878:
1869:
1862:
1826:
1823:on 2019-08-08.
1802:
1795:
1760:
1732:
1723:, 21 July 2015
1708:
1680:
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1498:
1469:
1462:
1442:
1430:
1419:johnpilger.com
1396:
1390:978-0801489846
1389:
1367:Nevins, Joseph
1358:
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1220:
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1125:
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1109:
1104:
1097:
1094:
1081:
1078:
1030:D'Academy Asia
1000:
997:
946:
943:
916:Merdeka Palace
904:Main article:
901:
898:
892:, Indonesia's
831:Main article:
828:
827:Border dispute
825:
823:
820:
751:
748:
681:Australian-led
607:Main article:
604:
601:
599:
596:
459:(PRD) and the
390:
387:
322:Gerald R. Ford
214:
209:Main article:
206:
203:
175:United Nations
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117:
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90:United Nations
69:
68:
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15:
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4360:
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4350:
4347:
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4344:Manila Accord
4342:
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4334:
4330:
4326:
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4305:
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3990:
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3790:
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3785:
3784:
3782:
3778:
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3769:
3767:
3766:United States
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3608:
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3603:
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3600:
3596:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3578:
3574:
3569:
3560:
3555:
3553:
3548:
3546:
3541:
3540:
3537:
3525:
3524:in East Timor
3521:
3518:
3517:
3515:
3511:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3490:
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3408:
3402:
3401:United States
3399:
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3386:
3382:
3367:
3364:
3363:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3348:
3339:
3334:
3332:
3327:
3325:
3320:
3319:
3316:
3309:
3304:
3303:
3299:
3296:
3293:
3288:
3287:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3275:
3260:
3256:
3250:
3247:
3235:
3229:
3226:
3215:
3211:
3205:
3202:
3190:
3186:
3180:
3177:
3165:
3161:
3154:
3151:
3139:
3135:
3128:
3125:
3113:
3109:
3102:
3099:
3094:
3084:on 2014-02-19
3080:
3076:
3075:
3067:
3061:
3058:
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3034:
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2999:
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2778:
2771:
2768:
2756:
2752:
2745:
2742:
2730:
2726:
2720:
2717:
2712:
2702:on 2010-02-25
2701:
2697:
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2686:
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2679:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2662:
2659:
2647:
2643:
2636:
2633:
2628:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2603:
2600:
2595:
2585:on 2017-05-12
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2255:
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2234:
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2220:
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2210:
2198:
2194:
2187:
2185:
2181:
2169:
2168:CNN Indonesia
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2021:
2017:
2014:
2009:
2006:
2001:
1995:
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1982:
1979:
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1962:
1956:
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1951:
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1870:
1865:
1863:9789751229083
1859:
1854:
1849:
1842:
1841:
1836:
1835:Fox, James J.
1830:
1827:
1821:
1816:
1809:
1807:
1803:
1798:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1779:. ANU Press.
1778:
1771:
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1761:
1750:
1749:The Telegraph
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3787:Afghanistan
3452:Philippines
3093:Archive.org
2866:20 February
2731:(in German)
2711:Archive.org
2646:Global Post
2627:Archive.org
2594:Archive.org
2461:Chapter 8,
2439:Antara News
2197:Antara News
1190:Archive.org
472: [
237:Timor Timur
92:-sponsored
4444:Categories
4205:Yugoslavia
3987:Uzbekistan
3872:Kazakhstan
3832:East Timor
3807:Bangladesh
3797:Azerbaijan
3650:Mozambique
3640:Madagascar
3264:2023-08-16
3240:2023-08-17
3219:2023-08-17
3195:2023-09-21
3170:2023-09-21
3164:KOMPAS.com
3144:2023-08-17
3118:2023-08-17
3088:2023-08-17
2912:World Bank
2839:7 November
2786:2023-08-15
2761:2023-08-15
2735:2023-08-15
2706:2023-08-15
2670:Resolution
2622:2023-08-16
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2065:KOMPAS.com
1930:2023-08-15
1906:2023-08-15
1754:2023-08-24
1727:2023-08-22
1721:AP Archive
1702:2023-08-22
1559:PD website
1379:. p.
1352:2023-08-16
1328:2023-08-19
1239:2023-08-15
1214:2023-08-15
1185:2023-08-15
1128:References
1084:After the
973:/Wini and
952:re-exports
852:Fatu Sinai
822:After 2002
816:East Timor
674:enacted a
643:referendum
631:BJ Habibie
621:Following
580:indonesian
560:Yogyakarta
449:subversion
413:1998 riots
393:See also:
146:West Timor
74:East Timor
51:East Timor
4339:The Hague
4322:Diplomacy
4244:relations
4169:Australia
3957:Sri Lanka
3947:Singapore
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3771:Venezuela
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3276:Footnotes
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2888:26 August
2696:VIVA News
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2115:NU Online
1569:16 August
1322:Narasi Tv
1283:154903837
967:Motamasin
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704:New Order
568:Indonesia
334:Australia
262:New Order
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195:Old order
187:-colonial
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62:Indonesia
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4358:Disputes
4332:Treaties
4113:Portugal
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3817:Cambodia
3761:Suriname
3731:Colombia
3704:Americas
3695:Zimbabwe
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3620:Ethiopia
3513:Missions
3478:Portugal
3442:Malaysia
3384:Americas
3189:kumparan
3016:Geoforum
2578:ABC News
2364:ABC News
2339:tirto.id
2314:ABC News
2140:kumparan
2016:Archived
1947:(2006).
1697:etan.org
1422:Archived
1411:Archived
1369:(2005).
1096:See also
1070:Bibingka
963:Mota'ain
809:Pesanten
548:Portugal
362:Fretilin
354:Falintil
350:Malaysia
305:Colonel
271:Fretilin
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106:Denpasar
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3992:Vietnam
3902:Myanmar
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3837:Georgia
3802:Bahrain
3792:Armenia
3741:Ecuador
3690:Tunisia
3670:Senegal
3660:Nigeria
3655:Namibia
3645:Morocco
3630:Liberia
3605:Algeria
3492:Oceania
3447:Myanmar
2813:3 April
2676:.
2526:Reuters
2502:Reuters
1275:2642194
1066:Ketupat
1026:Dangdut
999:Culture
993:sarongs
982:Tutuala
975:Passabe
945:Economy
890:Wiranto
874:Passabe
792:Jakarta
623:Suharto
531:Russian
453:Suharto
441:Jakarta
358:leftist
171:Salazar
128:in the
126:exclave
102:Jakarta
4198:Former
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4103:Norway
4093:Monaco
4068:Greece
4058:France
4038:Cyprus
4006:Europe
3977:Turkey
3967:Taiwan
3877:Kuwait
3867:Jordan
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3746:Mexico
3721:Canada
3716:Brazil
3665:Rwanda
3610:Angola
3598:Africa
3483:Russia
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346:Canada
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4259:ASEAN
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3997:Yemen
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3907:Nepal
3862:Japan
3842:India
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3847:Iran
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3736:Cuba
3410:Asia
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