1641:
856:
883:
264:
1132:. " Mr. M. Yamin yang pada 1950-an ketika menjadi Menteri P.P. dan K. mengganti istilah Kepulauan Sunda Kecil menjadi Kepulauan Nusa Tenggara. Sebab, istilah Kepulauan Sunda Kecil diganti dengan Kepulauan Nusa Tenggara, maka istilah Kepulauan Sunda Besar juga tidak lagi digunakan dalam ilmu bumi dan perpetaan nasional Indonesia – meskipun dalam perpetaan Internasional istilah Greater Sunda Islands dan Lesser Sunda Islands masih tetap digunakan." –
1488:
57:
1045:
868:
256:
700:
palm trees on the coasts of Komodo, Rincah and Flores. Although most of the vegetation on these islands is dry forest there are patches of rainforest on these islands too, especially in lowland areas and riverbanks on Komodo, and there is a particular area of dry thorny forest on the southeast coast
799:
While many ecological problems affect both small islands and large landmasses, small islands suffer their particular problems and are highly exposed to external forces. Development pressures on small islands are increasing, although their effects are not always anticipated. Although
Indonesia is
701:
of Lombok. Thorn trees used to be more common in coastal areas of the islands but have largely been cleared. These islands are home to unique species including seventeen endemic birds (of the 273 birds found on the islands). The endemic mammals are the endangered Flores shrew
791:
More than half of the original vegetation of the islands has been cleared for planting of rice and other crops, for settlement and by consequent forest fires. Only
Sumbawa now contains a large area of intact natural forest, while Komodo, Rincah and Padar are now protected as
1390:(Papers from the Interoceanic Workshop on Sustainable Development and Environmental Management of Small Islands, Puerto Rico, Nov. 3-7, 1986). Man and the biosphere (5). Paris, Carnforth (England) and Park Ridge (N.J.):
1391:
733:
while the carnivorous Komodo dragon, which at three metres long and ninety kilograms in weight is the world's largest lizard, is found on Komodo, Rincah, Gili Motang, and the coast of northwestern Flores.
601:, which marks the boundary between the parts of Wallacea with mainly Asian and Australasian species respectively, runs to the east of the group. These islands have the driest climate in Indonesia, and
517:; however, the geological formation and progression is not fully understood, and theories of the geological evolution of the islands changed extensively during the last decades of the 20th century.
1435:
Muslim 241 Million (87), Christianity 29.1 Million (10.5), Hindu 4.69 million (1.7), Buddhist 2.02 million (0.7), Folk, Confucianism, and others 192.311 (0.1), Total 277.749.673 Million
1982:
1920:
1205:(International Congress of Systematic and Evolutionary Biology). Oxford Monographs on Biogeography 4. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, Clarendon Press. pp. 5–25.
800:
richly endowed with natural resources, the resources of the small islands of Nusa
Tenggara are limited and specialised; furthermore human resources in particular are limited.
363:. In 1930 the population was 3,460,059; today slightly over 15.5 million people live on the islands. Etymologically, Nusa Tenggara means "Southeast Islands" from the words of
585:
which formed a water barrier even when lower sea levels linked the now-separated islands and landmasses on either side. The islands east of the Lombok Strait are part of
1534:
606:
1915:
602:
1925:
1930:
855:
1058:
882:
1422:
771:
1967:
1237:(1991). "Phanerozoic Australia in the changing configuration of ProtoPangea through Gondwanaland and Pangea to the present dispersed continents".
1129:
656:
include the northern chain of islands, from Lombok and
Sumbawa east to Flores and Alor. The higher slopes of the islands contain forests of tall
1905:
1079:
626:
1174:
1972:
1527:
478:
on Lombok, are still active while others, such as
Ilikedeka on Flores, are extinct. The northern archipelago began to be formed during the
1201:
Audley-Charles, Michael
Geoffrey (1987). "Dispersal of Gondwanaland: relevance to evolution of the Angiosperms". In Whitmore, T.C. (ed.).
563:. Movement of flora and fauna between islands is limited, leading to the evolution of a high rate of localized species, most famously the
84:
1962:
1910:
1404:; including Hess, Allison L., 1990. "Overview: Sustainable Development and Environmental Management of Small Islands". (both cited in
1462:
1347:
1338:
Wikramanayake, Eric; Dinerstein, Eric; Loucks, Colby J.; Olson, David M.; Morrison, John; Lamoreaux, John; McKnight, Meghan (2002).
1210:
748:
1164:
1977:
1520:
653:
506:. The geology and ecology of the northern archipelago share similar history, characteristics, and processes with the southern
808:
622:
524:, the Lesser Sunda Islands comprise some of the most geologically complex and active regions in the world. The province of
1987:
1957:
1677:
1074:
1873:
1640:
450:
The Lesser Sunda
Islands consist of two geologically distinct archipelagos. The northern archipelago, which includes
909:
and from 1945 were administered (apart from the easternmost islands which have been always administered as part of
1418:
917:) Province of Indonesia, later called Nusa Tenggara. In 1958 this was split into three new provinces, as the
1590:
737:
1543:
918:
598:
316:
1491:
1883:
1857:
1069:
573:
503:
483:
368:
336:
222:
1141:
1552:
1281:
793:
720:
697:
712:
304:
276:
263:
1824:
1786:
1748:
1743:
1700:
930:
926:
419:
867:
1992:
1809:
1468:
1458:
1395:
1353:
1343:
1216:
1206:
1180:
1170:
987:
910:
756:
728:
634:
514:
292:
1842:
1766:
1715:
1710:
1564:
1246:
1050:
815:
775:
423:
415:
218:
210:
1878:
1852:
1720:
1705:
1089:
704:
676:
521:
238:
202:
190:
1487:
56:
1837:
1801:
1781:
1776:
1137:
1084:
821:
803:
General observations about small islands that can be applied to Nusa
Tenggara include:
642:
568:
560:
507:
487:
284:
198:
72:
845:
Societies having developed in relative isolation may retain a strong sense of culture;
1951:
1935:
1832:
1791:
1625:
1610:
1017:
997:
888:
582:
564:
499:
475:
340:
175:
119:
255:
1814:
1662:
1630:
1620:
1234:
1109:
1027:
578:
537:
356:
344:
328:
234:
226:
214:
194:
1508:
Reconstructing the past through languages of the present: the Lesser Sunda
Islands
1301:
1169:(1st publication 1970, Cornell University Press). Equinox Publishing. p. 75.
834:
A higher degree of environmental specialisation, including a higher proportion of
1452:
1847:
1133:
1104:
839:
779:
760:
682:
663:
594:
529:
435:
403:
332:
312:
637:, and not part of Wallacea. Bali was once attached to the Asian continent (see
1692:
1040:
941:
848:
Small island populations are more likely to be affected by economic migration.
658:
646:
352:
1497:
1472:
99:
86:
1771:
1682:
1667:
1399:
1369:
1367:
1357:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1220:
1099:
1094:
1064:
906:
638:
439:
348:
230:
1288:. Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. Global Volcanism Program
1758:
1595:
1512:
1451:
Monk, Kathryn A.; Fretes, Yance De; Reksodiharjo-Lilley, Gayatri (1996).
1184:
1007:
977:
835:
671:
586:
533:
479:
360:
320:
246:
1672:
1605:
1577:
1556:
825:
693:
688:
597:
origin in this region. Asian species predominate in the Lesser Sundas:
556:
482:, about 15 million years ago, as a result of the collision between the
471:
459:
387:
145:
1250:
1657:
1388:
Sustainable development and environmental management of small islands
1340:
Terrestrial
Ecoregions of the Indo-Pacific: a Conservation Assessment
543:
There are a number of volcanoes located on the Lesser Sunda Islands.
463:
455:
431:
411:
391:
383:
153:
141:
1386:
Beller, William S.; D'Ayala, Pier Giovanni; Hein, Philippe (1990).
513:
There is a long history of geological study of these regions since
1600:
967:
937:
873:
774:
ecoregion includes the Barat Daya Islands (except for Wetar), the
752:
741:
667:
495:
491:
467:
427:
407:
395:
262:
254:
242:
206:
157:
149:
1507:
1738:
1649:
1615:
1585:
922:
902:
831:
A higher proportion of the landmass is made up of coastal areas;
764:
630:
590:
552:
525:
451:
399:
379:
324:
137:
1516:
559:
in consisting of many small islands, sometimes divided by deep
1405:
1373:
1325:
1268:
581:
passes between Bali and Lombok, along the deep waters of the
1501:
901:
The Lesser Sundas comprise many islands stretching east of
617:
The Lesser Sunda Islands are divided among six ecoregions:
692:(adder's mouth), while the coastal plains were originally
551:
The Lesser Sunda Islands differ from the large islands of
319:. Most of the Lesser Sunda Islands are located within the
807:
A higher proportion of the landmass will be affected by
633:, which is the only of the Lesser Sunda Islands in the
589:, and are thus characterised by a blend of wildlife of
378:
The main Lesser Sunda Islands are, from west to east:
490:. The islands of the southern archipelago, including
1866:
1823:
1800:
1757:
1729:
1691:
1648:
1576:
186:
181:
171:
163:
133:
125:
115:
78:
68:
63:
26:
1203:Biogeographical Evolution of the Malay Archipelago
510:, which continue the same island arc to the east.
960:Religion in Lesser Sunda Islands (December 2023)
528:is the only part of Nusa Tenggara located on the
1196:
1194:
36:
30:
502:, are non-volcanic and appear to belong to the
1983:Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests
1528:
811:, earthquakes, landslips, and cyclone damage;
267:Satellite picture of the Lesser Sunda Islands
8:
21:
1406:Monk, Fretes & Reksodiharjo-Lilley 1996
1374:Monk, Fretes & Reksodiharjo-Lilley 1996
1326:Monk, Fretes & Reksodiharjo-Lilley 1996
1269:Monk, Fretes & Reksodiharjo-Lilley 1996
1059:Apostolic Vicariate of Lesser Sunda Islands
470:, is volcanic in origin. A number of these
1535:
1521:
1513:
641:), and home to large Asiatic mammals like
55:
20:
16:Group of islands in Indonesian Archipelago
772:Banda Sea Islands moist deciduous forests
259:Map of Lesser Sunda Islands, east of Java
1454:The Ecology of Nusa Tenggara and Maluku
1121:
913:Province) as the Lesser Sunda Islands (
851:
434:island which are part of the nation of
1080:List of rivers of Lesser Sunda Islands
627:Eastern Java-Bali montane rain forests
7:
1457:. Hong Kong: Periplus Editions Ltd.
1394:and Parthenon Publishing Group Inc.
1061:(originally an Apostolic Prefecture)
861:Banta Island of Lesser Sunda Islands
605:are predominant, in contrast to the
438:, all the other islands are part of
609:that prevail in most of Indonesia.
311:, or "Southeast Islands"), are an
14:
1673:Special Capital Region of Jakarta
1502:Lesser Sunda linguistic databases
940:Island is the separate nation of
749:Timor and Wetar deciduous forests
696:grasses such as the savanna with
426:. Apart from the eastern half of
1639:
1486:
1342:. Washington, DC: Island Press.
1140:, 21 August 2010. Archived from
1043:
881:
866:
854:
1968:Archipelagoes of Southeast Asia
1419:"Jumlah Penduduk Menurut Agama"
1130:"Badak Sunda dan Harimau Sunda"
814:Climates are more likely to be
654:Lesser Sundas deciduous forests
536:region and that is west of the
1166:Population Trends in Indonesia
623:Eastern Java-Bali rain forests
603:tropical dry broadleaf forests
520:Lying at the collision of two
327:province which is west of the
1:
1423:Ministry of Religious Affairs
343:. The islands are part of a
339:to the west they make up the
1678:Special Region of Yogyakarta
1494:travel guide from Wikivoyage
1239:Australian Systematic Botany
1163:Nitisastro, Widjojo (2006).
1075:List of islands of Indonesia
905:, most of which are part of
709:, the vulnerable Komodo rat
167:3,726 m (12224 ft)
1973:International archipelagoes
1874:Special Region of Surakarta
532:and that is not within the
2009:
1963:Archipelagoes of Indonesia
944:(officially Timor Leste}.
824:are smaller and degree of
751:ecoregion includes Timor,
367:which means 'island' from
1897:
1637:
1550:
515:Indonesian colonial times
54:
787:Threats and preservation
717:, and Lombok flying fox
1978:Maritime Southeast Asia
1591:Bangka Belitung Islands
1302:"Holocene Volcano List"
891:at Komodo National Park
738:Sumba deciduous forests
725:, Sunda long-eared bat
666:with an undergrowth of
323:region, except for the
309:Kepulauan Nusa Tenggara
32:Kepulauan Nusa Tenggara
1544:Provinces of Indonesia
1136:: Penulis, budayawan.
838:species in an overall
674:, and orchids such as
607:tropical moist forests
317:Indonesian archipelago
308:
268:
260:
164:Highest elevation
37:
31:
1282:"Indonesia Volcanoes"
1070:Greater Sunda Islands
574:The Malay Archipelago
369:Old Javanese language
337:Greater Sunda Islands
301:Nusa Tenggara Islands
289:Illá Sunda ki'ik sirá
281:Kepulauan Sunda Kecil
266:
258:
43:Illá Sunda ki'ik sirá
38:Kepulauan Sunda Kecil
1988:Volcanic arc islands
1958:Lesser Sunda Islands
1731:Lesser Sunda Islands
1492:Lesser Sunda Islands
936:The eastern half of
794:Komodo National Park
721:Pteropus lombocensis
698:Borassus flabellifer
335:. Together with the
297:Kapuloan Sunda cénik
273:Lesser Sunda Islands
47:Kapuloan Sunda cénik
22:Lesser Sunda Islands
1563:) •
740:ecoregion includes
713:Komodomys rintjanus
375:means 'southeast'.
96: /
23:
1825:Western New Guinea
1787:Southeast Sulawesi
1749:East Nusa Tenggara
1744:West Nusa Tenggara
1701:Central Kalimantan
1569:under construction
931:East Nusa Tenggara
927:West Nusa Tenggara
567:. As described by
420:Barat Daya Islands
331:and is within the
269:
261:
172:Highest point
1945:
1944:
1906:Current governors
1421:(in Indonesian).
1251:10.1071/SB9910001
1176:978-979-3780-43-6
988:Roman Catholicism
809:volcanic activity
729:Nyctophilus heran
635:Indomalayan realm
253:
252:
100:9.000°S 120.000°E
2000:
1867:Former provinces
1767:Central Sulawesi
1716:South Kalimantan
1711:North Kalimantan
1643:
1537:
1530:
1523:
1514:
1490:
1476:
1438:
1437:
1432:
1430:
1425:. 31 August 2022
1415:
1409:
1403:
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1314:
1312:
1297:
1295:
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1231:
1225:
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1149:
1126:
1053:
1051:Indonesia portal
1048:
1047:
1046:
1025:
1015:
1005:
995:
985:
975:
965:
885:
870:
858:
776:Tanimbar Islands
645:and the extinct
561:oceanic trenches
504:Australian plate
424:Tanimbar Islands
416:Alor archipelago
299:), now known as
111:
110:
108:
107:
106:
101:
97:
94:
93:
92:
89:
59:
40:
34:
24:
2008:
2007:
2003:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1998:
1997:
1948:
1947:
1946:
1941:
1940:
1893:
1879:Central Sumatra
1862:
1853:Southwest Papua
1819:
1796:
1753:
1725:
1721:West Kalimantan
1706:East Kalimantan
1687:
1644:
1635:
1572:
1546:
1541:
1483:
1465:
1450:
1447:
1442:
1441:
1428:
1426:
1417:
1416:
1412:
1385:
1384:
1380:
1372:
1365:
1350:
1337:
1336:
1332:
1324:
1320:
1310:
1308:
1300:
1299:
1291:
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1280:
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1275:
1267:
1258:
1233:
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1228:
1213:
1200:
1199:
1192:
1177:
1162:
1161:
1157:
1147:
1145:
1128:
1127:
1123:
1118:
1090:Plate tectonics
1049:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1034:
1033:
1032:
1031:
1023:
1021:
1013:
1011:
1003:
1001:
993:
991:
983:
981:
973:
971:
963:
955:
950:
899:
892:
886:
877:
871:
862:
859:
822:Catchment areas
789:
770:The more humid
705:Suncus mertensi
643:Asian elephants
615:
549:
522:tectonic plates
448:
105:-9.000; 120.000
104:
102:
98:
95:
90:
87:
85:
83:
82:
50:
49:
45:
41:
35:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2006:
2004:
1996:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1950:
1949:
1943:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1916:GRP per capita
1913:
1908:
1902:
1898:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1891:
1881:
1876:
1870:
1868:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1838:Highland Papua
1835:
1829:
1827:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1817:
1812:
1806:
1804:
1802:Maluku Islands
1798:
1797:
1795:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1782:South Sulawesi
1779:
1777:North Sulawesi
1774:
1769:
1763:
1761:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1735:
1733:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1697:
1695:
1689:
1688:
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1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1654:
1652:
1646:
1645:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1582:
1580:
1574:
1573:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1542:
1540:
1539:
1532:
1525:
1517:
1511:
1510:
1505:
1495:
1482:
1481:External links
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1478:
1477:
1463:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1410:
1378:
1363:
1348:
1330:
1318:
1306:volcano.si.edu
1286:volcano.si.edu
1273:
1256:
1226:
1211:
1190:
1175:
1155:
1144:on 8 July 2015
1138:Pikiran Rakyat
1120:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1112:
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1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1085:Oceanic trench
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
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1055:
1054:
1038:
1035:
1022:
1012:
1002:
992:
982:
972:
962:
958:
957:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
898:
897:Administration
895:
894:
893:
887:
880:
878:
872:
865:
863:
860:
853:
850:
849:
846:
843:
832:
829:
819:
812:
788:
785:
784:
783:
768:
745:
734:
650:
614:
611:
569:Alfred Wallace
548:
545:
508:Maluku Islands
447:
444:
251:
250:
188:
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169:
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161:
160:
135:
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73:Southeast Asia
70:
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60:
52:
51:
29:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2005:
1994:
1991:
1989:
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1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1926:Highest point
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1896:
1889:
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1869:
1865:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1833:Central Papua
1831:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1822:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1799:
1793:
1792:West Sulawesi
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1762:
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1931:Poverty rate
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1815:North Maluku
1730:
1663:Central Java
1631:West Sumatra
1621:Riau Islands
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1445:Bibliography
1434:
1427:. Retrieved
1413:
1387:
1381:
1376:, p. 1.
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1309:. Retrieved
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1290:. Retrieved
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1146:. Retrieved
1142:the original
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1110:Sunda Trench
1028:Confucianism
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948:Demographics
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599:Weber's Line
595:Australasian
579:Wallace Line
572:
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538:Wallace Line
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488:Asian plates
449:
377:
372:
364:
357:Sunda Trench
351:, formed by
345:volcanic arc
329:Wallace Line
300:
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272:
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182:Demographics
46:
42:
18:
1848:South Papua
1245:(1): 1–11.
1134:Ajip Rosidi
1105:Sunda Shelf
915:Sunda Kecil
840:depauperate
818:influenced;
780:Kai Islands
759:Province),
683:Corymborkis
530:Sunda Shelf
436:Timor Leste
430:island and
333:Sunda Shelf
313:archipelago
211:Manggaraian
116:Archipelago
103: /
79:Coordinates
1952:Categories
1884:East Timor
1858:West Papua
1693:Kalimantan
1429:29 October
1116:References
942:East Timor
842:community;
778:, and the
659:Podocarpus
647:Bali tiger
613:Ecoregions
484:Australian
355:along the
353:subduction
305:Indonesian
277:Indonesian
1936:ISO codes
1772:Gorontalo
1683:West Java
1668:East Java
1565:Nusantara
1498:LexiRumah
1473:835572307
1100:Sundaland
1095:Sunda Arc
1065:Banda Arc
919:provinces
907:Indonesia
672:epiphytes
639:Sundaland
472:volcanoes
440:Indonesia
349:Sunda Arc
231:Moluccans
221:, Tetum,
219:Lamaholot
64:Geography
1993:Wallacea
1900:Lists by
1888:de facto
1759:Sulawesi
1596:Bengkulu
1400:21044238
1358:48435361
1221:14692633
1037:See also
1030:(0.004%)
1008:Buddhism
1000:(13.59%)
990:(19.65%)
980:(25.05%)
978:Hinduism
970:(41.20%)
953:Religion
816:maritime
587:Wallacea
534:Wallacea
486:and the
480:Pliocene
373:tenggara
361:Java Sea
321:Wallacea
293:Balinese
247:Bali Aga
239:Javanese
203:Bimanese
199:Sumbawan
191:Balinese
91:120°00′E
69:Location
1606:Lampung
1578:Sumatra
1561:current
1557:Jakarta
1553:Capital
1020:(0.20%)
1010:(0.30%)
836:endemic
828:higher;
826:erosion
694:savanna
689:Malaxis
677:Corybas
557:Sumatra
547:Ecology
474:, like
460:Sumbawa
446:Geology
388:Sumbawa
359:in the
215:Sumbese
146:Sumbawa
1810:Maluku
1658:Banten
1471:
1461:
1398:
1392:UNESCO
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1346:
1311:7 June
1292:7 June
1219:
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1173:
1148:7 July
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1016:
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911:Maluku
876:island
763:, and
757:Maluku
686:, and
668:lianas
629:cover
577:, the
464:Flores
456:Lombok
432:Atauro
422:, and
412:Atauro
392:Flores
384:Lombok
347:, the
223:Mambai
154:Flores
142:Lombok
88:9°00′S
1843:Papua
1601:Jambi
1185:86608
968:Islam
938:Timor
874:Rinca
753:Wetar
742:Sumba
591:Asian
500:Babar
496:Timor
492:Sumba
468:Wetar
428:Timor
408:Timor
396:Sumba
285:Tetun
243:Bugis
235:Alfur
227:Kemak
207:Atoni
195:Sasak
158:Timor
150:Sumba
1739:Bali
1650:Java
1616:Riau
1586:Aceh
1469:OCLC
1459:ISBN
1431:2023
1396:OCLC
1354:OCLC
1344:ISBN
1313:2024
1294:2024
1217:OCLC
1207:ISBN
1181:OCLC
1171:ISBN
1150:2015
929:and
923:Bali
903:Java
765:Savu
761:Rote
747:The
736:The
652:The
631:Bali
625:and
621:The
593:and
553:Java
526:Bali
498:and
466:and
452:Bali
404:Rote
400:Savu
380:Bali
371:and
365:nusa
325:Bali
271:The
138:Bali
1921:HDI
1911:GDP
1247:doi
921:of
571:in
555:or
315:in
129:975
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