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36:
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However, the introduction of ArSL has been met with backlash by the deaf community, because it is not the native sign language of any country in the region. There are also wide disparities between the vocabulary of the standardized version and the national sign languages. As a result, it is difficult
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A yes response to each of these questions yields one point, with five points being the maximum for any country. Qatar was the only country in the survey that had five points, meaning they satisfied all the aforementioned five criteria relating to accessibility. Bahrain and Kuwait satisfied the first
459:
To unify the Arab World with one distinct sign language that can be understood throughout the MENA region, a dictionary for a standard Arabic Sign
Language (ArSL) has been produced in 2004 by the Council of Arab Ministers of Social Affairs (CAMSA). This dictionary consists of a combination of signs
483:
An international survey was conducted by Hilde
Haualand in 2009, which investigated the accessibility of sign language interpreters, as well as the training and support the Deaf community receives. This survey included the MENA region. Regions that were investigated in the survey included Algeria,
199:
project for a single Arabic Sign
Language is being conducted by the Council of Arab Ministers of Social Affairs (CAMSA), with much of the vocabulary voted on by regional Deaf associations. However, so far only a dictionary has been compiled; grammar has not been addressed, so the result cannot be
301:
Despite having many sign language varieties in the Middle East under the broader "Arabic Sign
Language", it is unlikely that any of these languages are related to each other. Among the national sign languages which may be related are the following, listed in alphabetical order:
224:
The sentence structure of ArSLs is relatively flexible, similar to spoken and written Arabic. One sentence can be signed in different word orders, such as Verb-Subject-Object (V-S-O), Subject-Verb-Object (S-V-O), Object-Verb-Subject (O-V-S) and Verb-Object-Subject (V-O-S.)
228:
The tense (present, future or past) of a sentence is usually referred to in the beginning of that sentence, except when they need to be changed during a conversation. In this case, the tense can be shifted towards the middle or the end of the sentence.
291:
Compounds are signs that use two or more existing signs to convey an idea. The words for which signs need to be compounded don't typically have corresponding signs. For example, the signs for "doctor" and "teeth" would need to be compounded to sign
254:
In ArSLs, just like other sign languages, the context of the word depends on the shape of the hand, alongside its position and movement relative to the body. To aid in the meaning of the sign, facial expressions and facial movements are also used.
284:
Antosigns are two signs corresponding to opposite words; with both signs having opposite movements. An example of antosigns are the signs for "morning" and "night", where the sign for "night" is movement-wise the reverse of the sign for
7012:
Sign-language names reflect the region of origin. Natural sign languages are not related to the spoken language used in the same region. For example, French Sign
Language originated in France, but is not related to French. Conversely,
508:
four questions. Oman, Egypt, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia and UAE had three points, meaning they had answered "yes" to the first three questions. Algeria, Morocco and
Lebanon had two points and Yemen had one point.
281:
Synosigns are two distinct signs with the same meaning. In ArSLs, these are uncommon. An example of a synosign is in
Jordanian Sign Language, where the sign for 'girl' can be done in two different ways.
266:, it is the execution of the sign which indicates the two. For example, in Libyan Sign Language, the sign "every day" involves touching the nose with the index finger and repeating it three times.
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Hendriks, Bernadet (12 November 2009). "Jordanian Sign
Language: Aspects of grammar from a cross-linguistic perspective: (University of Amsterdam, 2008)".
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is utilized by the people residing in the Levant region and includes
Jordanian Sign Language (LIU) and Palestinian Sign Language, among others.
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1911:
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spread across the Arab Middle East. Its extent is not yet known, because only some of the sign languages in the region have been compared.
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A homosign is a sign that can be used for multiple words and the interpretation of which depends on the topic of the conversation.
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from a wide range of mostly unrelated Arab sign languages such as
Egyptian Sign Language and Jordanian Sign Language.
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Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Kuwait, Lebanon, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia, UAE and Yemen.
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Compounding two or more signs to create a unique sign, such as "dentist" which is a combination of "doctor" and "teeth".
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212:. This means that there is one version of an Arabic sign language used by a community, rather than two versions, i.e.
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Denotes the number (if known) of languages within the family. No further information is given on these languages.
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3385:
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2269:
1151:
464:
50:
44:
6237:
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6704:
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5642:
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5309:
5283:
5153:
5137:
5015:
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4713:
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128:
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both originated in English-speaking countries but are not related to each other; ASL however is related to
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6125:
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5990:
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5896:
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1406:
1214:
1115:
978:
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722:
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310:
269:
According to Abdel-Fatteh, certain vocabulary in ArSLs are synosigns, antosigns, homosigns and compounds.
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806:
Al-Fityani, K., & Padden, C. 2010. Sign Language geography in the Arab world. In D. Brentari (Ed.),
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143:
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2316:
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A participant representing each country in the survey answered five yes/no questions, which included:
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1966:
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1818:
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408:
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365:
153:
138:
727:
237:
According to M.A. Abdel-Fattah, a linguistic scholar, the vocabulary of ArSLs could originate from:
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3018:
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2435:
2397:
2376:
2274:
2233:
2008:
1990:
1984:
1959:
1952:
1945:
1858:
1841:
1580:
1246:
1233:
1127:
1077:
934:
397:
376:
332:
133:
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6324:
6149:
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2541:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2498:
2467:
2462:
2415:
2409:
2360:
2305:
2228:
2112:
2076:
2037:
1979:
1786:
1781:
1492:
1251:
1220:
1186:
1174:
1133:
1008:
871:
863:
732:
601:
593:
2653:
2616:
890:
475:
for the deaf community in the Middle East to understand the Standardized version and so use it.
463:
This "Standardized" Arabic Sign Language has been applied by interpreters in news outlets like
6848:
6509:
2658:
2647:
2627:
2567:
2472:
2452:
2391:
2371:
2082:
2043:
2014:
2002:
1939:
1885:
1863:
1836:
1776:
1749:
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1529:
1519:
1487:
1360:
1286:
1268:
1262:
1164:
1082:
996:
965:
688:
7047:
6858:
6853:
6689:
6670:
2875:
2735:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2674:
2668:
2663:
2637:
2530:
2425:
2349:
2287:
2239:
2174:
2167:
2160:
2153:
2146:
2135:
2119:
2054:
2049:
2032:
1973:
1867:
1799:
1710:
1677:
1655:
1645:
1541:
1513:
1462:
1383:
1367:
1353:
1335:
1328:
1314:
1274:
1256:
1240:
1226:
1048:
1031:
855:
823:
678:
585:
17:
6984:
6779:
6759:
6638:
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2745:
2730:
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2420:
2381:
2246:
2192:
2064:
1926:
1692:
1687:
1552:
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1348:
1341:
1321:
1303:
1208:
1191:
990:
196:
185:
116:
110:
6893:
6878:
6769:
6754:
6524:
2880:
2740:
2709:
2680:
2311:
2197:
2180:
2130:
2125:
1996:
1933:
1703:
1697:
1617:
1612:
1558:
1535:
1280:
1102:
1059:
1042:
1036:
1014:
1002:
708:"Standards of Simultaneous Interpreting in Live Satellite Broadcasts Arabic Case Study"
554:
171:
7061:
6863:
6764:
6749:
6744:
6381:
2959:
2764:
2704:
2686:
2202:
2186:
2140:
1897:
1717:
1682:
1672:
1650:
1607:
1472:
1053:
985:
772:
736:
605:
213:
189:
875:
6739:
6684:
1661:
879:
244:"Creations"; having existing gestures for verbal words, whether written or spoken,
6873:
6643:
263:
6989:
6628:
5971:
5780:
5189:
4663:
3604:
1308:
843:
834:
Padden, Carol. 2010. "Sign Language Geography", in Mathur & Napoli, eds,
622:
Deaf people, modernity, and a contentious effort to unify Arab sign languages
6514:
6483:
6339:
5775:
895:
683:
666:
620:
209:
165:
827:
692:
859:
589:
6694:
6653:
6504:
6258:
867:
597:
434:
which are not even related to each other, and there are many other Arab
6329:
844:"New Evidence for Early Modern Ottoman Arabic and Turkish Sign Systems"
883:
6958:
6043:
3315:
3303:
2885:
2783:
6658:
794:
Al-Fityani, K. (2007). "Arab Sign Languages: A lexical comparison".
346:
is the sign language used by the hearing-impaired people of Kuwait.
494:
If there is a "Sign Language interpreting service" in their country
273:
6648:
2928:
4977:
2993:
2932:
2904:
Families with question marks (?) are disputed or controversial.
899:
324:
is a unified sign language for the deaf community in the UAE.
29:
891:
https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/enable/rights/contrib-arab1.htm
389:
is a unified sign language for the deaf community in Qatar.
258:
Most signs in ArSLs are limited to nouns and verbs, but for
208:
Unlike spoken Arabic, Arabic sign languages (ArSLs) are not
576:
Adam, Robert (2015). "Standardization of Sign Languages".
414:
Other languages of the region appear to not be related.
6915:
Association of Visual Language Interpreters of Canada
368:
is the sign language of the deaf community in Libya.
216:
and formal, as is the case with the Arabic language.
503:
If the government was responsible for their salaries
497:
If Interpreters have any interpreting qualifications
27:
Family of sign languages across the Arab Middle East
6938:
6907:
6836:
6813:
6788:
6703:
6669:
6621:
6523:
6461:
6390:
6352:
6317:
6201:
6033:
5743:
5428:
5119:
4984:
4970:
4911:
4467:
4442:
4403:
4386:
4258:
4240:
4212:
4176:
4142:
4114:
4068:
4040:
4003:
3967:
3946:
3925:
3904:
3883:
3849:
3808:
3799:
3769:
3752:
3735:
3696:
3672:
3579:
3494:
3465:
3443:
3408:
3366:
3302:
3272:
3243:
3221:
3179:
3154:
3126:
3000:
2984:
2858:
2835:
2763:
2607:
2329:
2297:
2215:
2104:
1910:
1877:
1730:
1638:
1382:
1296:
1073:
1024:
933:
446:, which are not related to the national languages.
164:
122:
109:
99:
94:
773:"Sign Language Interpreting: A Human Rights Issue"
796:Center for Research in Language Technical Reports
810:, 433–450. New York: Cambridge University Press.
6930:World Association of Sign Language Interpreters
400:is used by the deaf community in Saudi Arabia.
6920:International Center on Deafness and the Arts
2944:
911:
500:if there is a Code of Ethics for Interpreters
8:
2914:Families with more than 30 languages are in
491:If the deaf could access government services
544:"Sign Language Geography in the Arab World"
6677:
4974:
4264:
3805:
3587:
3500:
3449:
3308:
3227:
3185:
3123:
2990:
2951:
2937:
2929:
2771:
2337:
2221:
1918:
1736:
1393:
1088:
939:
918:
904:
896:
671:Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education
726:
682:
542:Al-Fityani, Kinda; Padden, Carol (2010).
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
313:is used by the deaf community in Egypt.
241:Loan words from both Europe and America,
43:This article includes a list of general
6725:Manually coded language in South Africa
517:
335:is used by the deaf community in Iraq.
467:in their news broadcasting, including
91:
766:
667:"Arabic Sign Language: A Perspective"
660:
658:
656:
654:
652:
247:"Miming" physical objects or actions,
121:
7:
764:
762:
760:
758:
756:
754:
752:
750:
748:
746:
665:Abdel-Fattah, M. A. (1 April 2005).
650:
648:
646:
644:
642:
640:
638:
636:
634:
632:
571:
569:
567:
537:
535:
533:
531:
529:
527:
525:
523:
521:
411:is the sign language used in Yemen.
278:The Alphabet of Arabic Sign Language
3762:Creole Hawaiʻi Sign Language (CHSL)
5075:Somalia, Somaliland & Djibouti
4689:Jamaican Country (KS/Konchri Sain)
808:Sign languages: A Cambridge Survey
49:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
6657:
6448:Sandy River Valley Sign Language
34:
7038:
7029:
7007:
6975:U.S. Army hand and arm signals
6059:Far North Queensland Indigenous
4681:Keresan Pueblo (KPISL/Keresign)
816:Sign Language & Linguistics
440:Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign Language
6796:Bilingual–bicultural education
6116:Western Torres Strait Islander
5190:Kata Kolok (Benkala, Balinese)
3167:Western Torres Strait Islander
455:"Unified" Arabic Sign Language
355:Levantine Arabic Sign Language
350:Levantine Arabic Sign Language
1:
5868:Greenlandic (Ussersuataarneq)
5016:Adamorobe (AdaSL / Mumu kasa)
4878:Adamorobe (AdaSL / Mumu kasa)
4627:Greenlandic (Ussersuataarneq)
4134:Taiwanese (TSL/Taiwan Shouyu)
842:Richardson, Kristina (2017).
4454:Providence Island (Provisle)
4104:North West Frontier Province
18:Eastern Arabic Sign Language
6054:Akitiri (Eltye eltyarrenke)
715:Translation Watch Quarterly
430:. There are numerous local
7084:
6925:Mimics and Gesture Theatre
6134:Hawaiʻan (Haoilona ʻŌlelo)
6064:Arrernte (Iltyeme iltyeme)
4850:Trinidad and Tobago (TTSL)
4704:Hausa (HSL/Magannar Hannu)
4124:Japanese (JSL/Nihon Shuwa)
3518:Estonian (Eesti viipekeel)
706:Darwish, Ali (June 2006).
619:Al-Fityani, Kinda (2010).
7003:
6680:
6170:Papua New Guinean (PNGSL)
4609:Hawaiʻi (Hoailona ʻŌlelo)
4419:Ktunaxa (ʾa·qanⱡiⱡⱡitnam)
4267:
3826:Kazakh-Russian (KSL/KRSL)
3590:
3503:
3452:
3321:Papua New Guinean (PNGSL)
3311:
3230:
3188:
2976:List by number of signers
2966:
2899:
2774:
2340:
2224:
1921:
1739:
1396:
1091:
942:
927:Primary language families
469:simultaneous interpreting
182:Arab sign-language family
111:Linguistic classification
6735:Paget Gorman Sign System
6189:Samoa and American Samoa
4979:Sign languages by region
4764:Ottoman (Seraglio/Harem)
4490:Albarradas Sign Language
4480:Al-Sayyid Bedouin (ABSL)
4313:Meciciya ka pekiskwakehk
4165:Martha's Vineyard (MVSL)
4129:Korean (KSL/Hanguk Sueo)
3381:Finland-Swedish (FinSSL)
2995:Sign languages by family
1744:Arnhem/Macro-Gunwinyguan
771:Haualand, Hilde (2009).
6980:Monastic sign languages
6828:Television shows (list)
6801:Manually coded language
6634:Hamburg Notation System
4427:Shuswap (Secwepemcékst)
3673:Indonesian (Nusantaric)
3396:Finnish (Viittomakieli)
3333:Northern Ireland (NISL)
2911:have no living members.
438:in the region, such as
432:Sudanese sign languages
200:considered a language.
64:more precise citations.
6951:CHCI chimpanzee center
6720:Manually coded English
6418:Henniker Sign Language
6084:Warumungu (Warramunga)
6069:Warlpiri (Rdaka rdaka)
5063:Hausa (Magannar Hannu)
2971:List of sign languages
2891:Unclassified languages
2845:list of sign languages
1813:Northeastern Tasmanian
828:10.1075/sll.12.1.06hen
444:Ghardaia Sign Language
436:village sign languages
424:Tunisian Sign Language
420:American Sign Language
416:Moroccan Sign Language
311:Egyptian Sign Language
306:Egyptian Sign Language
279:
117:sign language families
6775:Signing Exact English
6715:Indian Signing System
6438:Plateau Sign Language
5812:Inuit (Atgangmuurniq)
5389:Tibetan (Bökyi lagda)
4919:Amami Shuwa languages
4592:Guatemalan (Lensegua)
4532:Tibetan (Bökyi lagda)
4511:Caucasian (Harsneren)
4459:Old Cayman (Guyanese)
3987:Norwegian (Tegnspråk)
3959:French Belgian (LSFB)
3391:Swedish (Teckenspråk)
2866:Constructed languages
860:10.1353/sls.2017.0001
848:Sign Language Studies
836:Deaf around the World
684:10.1093/deafed/eni007
590:10.1353/sls.2015.0015
578:Sign Language Studies
428:Italian Sign Language
344:Kuwaiti Sign Language
339:Kuwaiti Sign Language
322:Emirati Sign Language
317:Emirati Sign Language
277:
105:Mideast, North Africa
7023:French Sign Language
6730:Manually Coded Malay
6538:British (two-handed)
6474:Bimodal bilingualism
6104:Far North Queensland
5412:Ban Khor (Pasa kidd)
4934:Sri Lankan languages
4865:Venezuelan (LSV/VSL)
4769:Ban Khor (Pasa kidd)
4280:Chaticks si Chaticks
4260:Plains Sign Language
4178:Mayan (Meemul Tziij)
3680:Indonesian (Bisindo)
3358:South African (SASL)
3081:Far North Queensland
1413:Binanderean–Goilalan
409:Yemeni Sign Language
404:Yemeni Sign Language
387:Qatari Sign Language
382:Qatari Sign Language
366:Libyan Sign Language
361:Libyan Sign Language
7068:Arab sign languages
4945:Tanzanian languages
4924:Ethiopian languages
4891:Nanabin (NanabinSL)
3982:Icelandic (Táknmál)
3697:Francophone African
3655:Puerto Rican (PRSL)
3513:Swiss-German (DSGS)
3444:Chilean-Paraguayan-
2695:(Maku-Auari/Jukude)
2598:Tequiraca–Canichana
2441:Harákmbut–Katukinan
1204:Northwest Caucasian
1198:Northeast Caucasian
1122:Chukotko-Kamchatkan
551:University of Haifa
398:Saudi Sign Language
393:Saudi Sign Language
377:Omani Sign Language
372:Omani Sign Language
333:Iraqi Sign Language
328:Iraqi Sign Language
115:One of the world's
6946:Baby sign language
6844:Jabbar Baghtcheban
6325:International Sign
6228:Brazilian (Libras)
6142:New Zealand (NZSL)
6089:Mudbura (Mudburra)
6017:Sandy River Valley
5996:Keresan (Keresign)
5587:Yugoslav (Kosovar)
4958:International Sign
4939:Sudanese languages
4562:Navajo/Diné Family
4376:Wíyut'a / Wíblut'e
4214:Original Thai Sign
3992:Danish (Tegnsprog)
3535:Brazilian (Libras)
3348:New Zealand (NZSL)
2317:Tarascan/Purépecha
1806:Northern Tasmanian
1564:South Bougainville
1525:North Bougainville
479:Access to Services
280:
95:Arab sign language
7055:
7054:
7048:extinct languages
6970:Legal recognition
6849:Jeanette Berglind
6809:
6808:
6510:Nonmanual feature
6423:Martha's Vineyard
6348:
6347:
6002:Martha's Vineyard
5497:Faroese (Teknmál)
5219:Al-Sayyid Bedouin
5029:Bouakako (LaSiBo)
4966:
4965:
4951:Zimsign languages
4929:Laotian languages
4813:Rwandan (AKR/AMR)
4572:Ecuadorian (LSEC)
4517:Azerbaijani (AİD)
4438:
4437:
4036:
4035:
3879:
3878:
3795:
3794:
3785:Cypriot (ΚΝΓ/KNG)
3490:
3489:
3418:Chinese (CSL/ZGS)
3404:
3403:
3298:
3297:
3268:
3267:
3175:
3174:
3030:Eltye eltyarrenke
3010:
3009:multiple families
2926:
2925:
2876:Language isolates
2854:
2853:
2759:
2758:
2325:
2324:
2211:
2210:
1906:
1905:
1853:Western Tasmanian
1771:Eastern Tasmanian
1726:
1725:
1448:East Geelvink Bay
1378:
1377:
1069:
1068:
880:Project MUSE
197:language planning
178:
177:
90:
89:
82:
16:(Redirected from
7075:
7042:
7033:
7011:
6899:Pierre Pélissier
6884:Thomas Gallaudet
6859:Thomas Braidwood
6690:Initialized sign
6678:
6661:
6146:Papua New Guinea
6049:Australian-Irish
5755:Plains Sign Talk
5635:Northern Ireland
5631:Northern Ireland
5154:Hong Kong (HKSL)
4975:
4754:Nicaraguan (ISN)
4669:Kenyan (KSL/LAK)
4485:Albanian (AlbSL)
4265:
4079:Bangalore-Madras
4060:Israeli (Shassi)
4028:Thai (TSL/MSTSL)
3938:Honduran (LESHO)
3806:
3664:Singapore (SgSL)
3600:Black ASL (BASL)
3588:
3528:Australian-Irish
3501:
3450:
3426:Hong Kong (HKSL)
3386:Portuguese (LGP)
3376:Eritrean (EriSL)
3309:
3228:
3186:
3124:
3008:
2991:
2953:
2946:
2939:
2930:
2772:
2726:Huaorani/Waorani
2610:(extant in 2000)
2574:Esmeralda–Yaruro
2345:Andoque–Urequena
2338:
2222:
2028:Plateau Penutian
1919:
1894:(Northern Daly?)
1737:
1623:Northwest Papuan
1587:Trans–New Guinea
1453:East New Britain
1428:Central Solomons
1394:
1139:Great Andamanese
1089:
940:
920:
913:
906:
897:
887:
831:
803:
781:
780:
768:
741:
740:
730:
712:
703:
697:
696:
686:
662:
627:
626:
616:
610:
609:
573:
562:
561:
559:
553:. Archived from
548:
539:
174:
92:
85:
78:
74:
71:
65:
60:this article by
51:inline citations
38:
37:
30:
21:
7083:
7082:
7078:
7077:
7076:
7074:
7073:
7072:
7058:
7057:
7056:
7051:
7036:
7027:
7005:
6999:
6985:Tactile signing
6934:
6903:
6832:
6805:
6784:
6760:Signed Japanese
6706:
6699:
6672:
6665:
6639:Stokoe notation
6617:
6519:
6479:Phonology (ASL)
6457:
6392:
6386:
6344:
6313:
6212:Argentine (LSA)
6197:
6029:
5852:New Costa Rican
5847:Old Costa Rican
5747:
5745:
5739:
5623:North Macedonia
5424:
5115:
5050:Bamako (LaSiMa)
4980:
4962:
4912:Other groupings
4907:
4759:Old Costa Rican
4734:Burkina (Mossi)
4714:Mauritian (MSL)
4587:Ghardaia (AJSL)
4500:Argentine (LSA)
4463:
4445:
4434:
4399:
4382:
4254:
4236:
4208:
4172:
4138:
4110:
4071:
4064:
4032:
3999:
3969:Danish (Tegnic)
3963:
3942:
3921:
3900:
3875:
3850:Yugoslavic Sign
3845:
3816:Bulgarian (БЖЕ)
3801:
3791:
3780:Greek (ΕΝΓ/ENG)
3765:
3755:Hoailona ʻŌlelo
3748:
3731:
3718:Bamako (LaSiMa)
3699:(Françafrosign)
3698:
3692:
3668:
3640:Malaysian (BIM)
3582:
3575:
3550:Valencian (LSV)
3486:
3477:Paraguay (LSPY)
3468:
3461:
3445:
3439:
3400:
3362:
3294:
3264:
3239:
3223:
3217:
3181:Arab (Ishaaric)
3171:
3150:
3122:
3035:Iltyeme iltyeme
3006:
3003:
2996:
2986:
2980:
2962:
2957:
2927:
2922:
2921:
2895:
2881:Mixed languages
2850:
2831:
2766:
2755:
2609:
2603:
2458:Katembri–Taruma
2332:
2321:
2293:
2207:
2100:
1913:
1902:
1873:
1722:
1634:
1593:Turama–Kikorian
1503:Lower Mamberamo
1458:East Strickland
1386:
1374:
1292:
1080:
1075:
1065:
1020:
929:
924:
841:
813:
793:
790:
788:Further reading
785:
784:
770:
769:
744:
728:10.1.1.452.1771
710:
705:
704:
700:
664:
663:
630:
618:
617:
613:
575:
574:
565:
557:
546:
541:
540:
519:
514:
481:
457:
452:
406:
395:
384:
374:
363:
352:
341:
330:
319:
308:
299:
235:
222:
206:
170:
158:(likely others)
101:
86:
75:
69:
66:
56:Please help to
55:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7081:
7079:
7071:
7070:
7060:
7059:
7053:
7052:
7004:
7001:
7000:
6998:
6997:
6992:
6987:
6982:
6977:
6972:
6967:
6962:
6948:
6942:
6940:
6936:
6935:
6933:
6932:
6927:
6922:
6917:
6911:
6909:
6905:
6904:
6902:
6901:
6896:
6894:William Stokoe
6891:
6886:
6881:
6879:Valerie Sutton
6876:
6871:
6869:Abbé de l'Épée
6866:
6861:
6856:
6851:
6846:
6840:
6838:
6834:
6833:
6831:
6830:
6825:
6819:
6817:
6811:
6810:
6807:
6806:
6804:
6803:
6798:
6792:
6790:
6786:
6785:
6783:
6782:
6780:Signed Swedish
6777:
6772:
6770:Signed Spanish
6767:
6762:
6757:
6755:Signed Italian
6752:
6747:
6742:
6737:
6732:
6727:
6722:
6717:
6711:
6709:
6701:
6700:
6698:
6697:
6692:
6687:
6681:
6675:
6667:
6666:
6664:
6663:
6651:
6646:
6641:
6636:
6631:
6625:
6623:
6619:
6618:
6616:
6615:
6610:
6605:
6600:
6598:Serbo-Croatian
6595:
6590:
6585:
6580:
6575:
6570:
6565:
6560:
6555:
6550:
6545:
6540:
6535:
6529:
6527:
6525:Fingerspelling
6521:
6520:
6518:
6517:
6512:
6507:
6502:
6481:
6476:
6471:
6465:
6463:
6459:
6458:
6456:
6455:
6450:
6445:
6440:
6435:
6430:
6425:
6420:
6415:
6410:
6405:
6400:
6396:
6394:
6388:
6387:
6385:
6384:
6379:
6374:
6369:
6364:
6358:
6356:
6350:
6349:
6346:
6345:
6343:
6342:
6337:
6332:
6327:
6321:
6319:
6315:
6314:
6312:
6311:
6306:
6303:
6298:
6295:
6290:
6285:
6280:
6277:
6272:
6269:
6264:
6261:
6256:
6251:
6248:
6243:
6240:
6235:
6230:
6225:
6222:
6217:
6214:
6209:
6205:
6203:
6199:
6198:
6196:
6195:
6190:
6187:
6182:
6177:
6172:
6167:
6162:
6157:
6152:
6147:
6144:
6139:
6136:
6131:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6111:Western Desert
6108:
6107:
6106:
6096:
6091:
6086:
6081:
6076:
6071:
6066:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6046:
6041:
6037:
6035:
6031:
6030:
6028:
6027:
6020:
6013:
6008:
6005:
5998:
5993:
5988:
5985:
5982:
5979:
5976:
5975:
5974:
5969:
5962:American (ASL)
5959:
5956:
5954:Old Salvadoran
5951:
5946:
5943:
5938:
5933:
5930:
5925:
5922:
5917:
5912:
5907:
5902:
5899:
5894:
5891:
5886:
5883:
5878:
5873:
5870:
5865:
5862:
5857:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5839:
5834:
5831:
5824:
5821:
5814:
5809:
5804:
5802:Maritime (MSL)
5799:
5794:
5791:
5788:
5785:
5784:
5783:
5778:
5771:American (ASL)
5768:
5765:
5760:
5757:
5751:
5749:
5741:
5740:
5738:
5737:
5732:
5729:
5724:
5719:
5717:Central Taurus
5714:
5711:
5706:
5703:
5698:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5677:
5672:
5669:
5664:
5661:
5656:
5653:
5648:
5645:
5640:
5637:
5632:
5629:
5624:
5621:
5616:
5613:
5608:
5605:
5600:
5597:
5592:
5589:
5584:
5581:
5576:
5573:
5568:
5565:
5560:
5557:
5552:
5549:
5544:
5541:
5536:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5515:
5510:
5507:
5502:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5486:
5481:
5478:
5473:
5472:United Kingdom
5470:
5468:French Belgian
5465:
5460:
5457:
5452:
5449:
5444:
5441:
5436:
5432:
5430:
5426:
5425:
5423:
5422:
5417:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5391:
5386:
5383:
5378:
5375:
5370:
5367:
5362:
5359:
5354:
5351:
5346:
5343:
5338:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5312:
5307:
5304:
5299:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5278:
5273:
5270:
5268:Kazakh-Russian
5265:
5262:
5257:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5200:
5195:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5179:
5174:
5172:Indo-Pakistani
5169:
5164:
5159:
5156:
5151:
5148:
5143:
5140:
5135:
5132:
5127:
5123:
5121:
5117:
5116:
5114:
5113:
5108:
5105:
5100:
5097:
5092:
5089:
5084:
5081:
5076:
5073:
5068:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5039:
5034:
5031:
5026:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5010:
5005:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4988:
4986:
4982:
4981:
4978:
4972:
4968:
4967:
4964:
4963:
4961:
4960:
4954:
4953:
4948:
4942:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4915:
4913:
4909:
4908:
4906:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4894:
4893:
4888:
4885:
4880:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4798:
4793:
4792:
4791:
4784:Peruvian (LSP)
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4729:Miyakubo Shuwa
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4683:
4678:
4677:
4676:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4630:
4629:
4624:
4616:
4615:
4614:
4606:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4567:Dogon/Douentza
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4471:
4469:
4465:
4464:
4462:
4461:
4456:
4450:
4448:
4440:
4439:
4436:
4435:
4433:
4432:
4429:
4424:
4421:
4416:
4413:
4409:
4407:
4401:
4400:
4398:
4397:
4393:
4391:
4389:American (ASL)
4384:
4383:
4381:
4380:
4377:
4374:
4371:
4368:
4365:
4362:
4359:
4356:
4353:
4350:
4347:
4344:
4341:
4338:
4335:
4332:
4329:
4326:
4323:
4320:
4317:
4314:
4311:
4308:
4305:
4302:
4299:
4296:
4293:
4290:
4287:
4284:
4281:
4278:
4275:
4272:
4268:
4262:
4256:
4255:
4253:
4252:
4250:Namibian (NSL)
4246:
4244:
4238:
4237:
4235:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4218:
4216:
4210:
4209:
4207:
4206:
4205:
4204:
4201:
4198:
4195:
4192:
4186:
4182:
4180:
4174:
4173:
4171:
4170:
4169:
4168:
4156:
4148:
4146:
4140:
4139:
4137:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4120:
4118:
4112:
4111:
4109:
4108:
4105:
4102:
4097:
4094:
4091:
4088:
4083:
4080:
4076:
4074:
4070:Indo-Pakistani
4066:
4065:
4063:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4046:
4044:
4038:
4037:
4034:
4033:
4031:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4009:
4007:
4001:
4000:
3998:
3997:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3973:
3971:
3965:
3964:
3962:
3961:
3956:
3950:
3948:
3944:
3943:
3941:
3940:
3935:
3929:
3927:
3923:
3922:
3920:
3919:
3917:Tunisian (TSL)
3914:
3908:
3906:
3902:
3901:
3899:
3898:
3893:
3887:
3885:
3881:
3880:
3877:
3876:
3874:
3873:
3871:Yugoslav (YSL)
3868:
3865:
3862:
3859:
3857:Croatian (HZJ)
3853:
3851:
3847:
3846:
3844:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3812:
3810:
3803:
3797:
3796:
3793:
3792:
3790:
3789:
3788:
3787:
3776:
3774:
3767:
3766:
3764:
3763:
3759:
3757:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3746:
3742:
3740:
3733:
3732:
3730:
3729:
3728:Sierra Leonean
3726:
3723:
3720:
3715:
3712:
3709:
3706:
3702:
3700:
3694:
3693:
3691:
3690:
3689:
3688:
3685:
3676:
3674:
3670:
3669:
3667:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3653:
3651:Filipino (FSL)
3648:
3645:
3642:
3637:
3634:
3631:
3628:
3625:
3624:
3623:
3620:
3612:
3609:
3608:
3607:
3602:
3595:American (ASL)
3591:
3585:
3577:
3576:
3574:
3573:
3571:Romanian (LSR)
3568:
3567:
3566:
3554:
3553:
3552:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3531:
3530:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3508:Algerian (LSA)
3504:
3498:
3492:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3485:
3484:
3479:
3473:
3471:
3469:Uruguayan Sign
3463:
3462:
3460:
3459:
3457:Chilean (LSCh)
3453:
3447:
3446:Uruguayan Sign
3441:
3440:
3438:
3437:
3436:
3435:
3434:
3433:
3432:
3431:
3414:
3412:
3406:
3405:
3402:
3401:
3399:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3372:
3370:
3364:
3363:
3361:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3343:Maritime (MSL)
3340:
3337:
3336:
3335:
3325:
3324:
3323:
3312:
3306:
3300:
3299:
3296:
3295:
3293:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3276:
3274:
3270:
3269:
3266:
3265:
3263:
3262:
3259:
3256:
3253:
3249:
3247:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3237:
3231:
3225:
3219:
3218:
3216:
3215:
3210:
3208:Qatari Unified
3205:
3200:
3195:
3189:
3183:
3177:
3176:
3173:
3172:
3170:
3169:
3164:
3158:
3156:
3155:Zendath Kesign
3152:
3151:
3149:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3132:
3130:
3128:Western Desert
3121:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3107:
3105:Worora Kinship
3102:
3097:
3090:
3085:
3084:
3083:
3073:
3068:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3044:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3014:
3012:
2998:
2997:
2994:
2988:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2978:
2973:
2967:
2964:
2963:
2958:
2956:
2955:
2948:
2941:
2933:
2924:
2923:
2920:
2919:
2912:
2905:
2901:
2900:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2862:
2860:
2856:
2855:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2848:
2839:
2837:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2829:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2806:Indo-Pakistani
2803:
2798:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2775:
2769:
2761:
2760:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2689:
2684:
2677:
2672:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2613:
2611:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2601:
2595:
2589:
2583:
2577:
2571:
2565:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2505:Piaroa–Saliban
2502:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2406:
2401:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2341:
2335:
2327:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2320:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2301:
2299:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2291:
2284:
2277:
2272:
2270:Tequistlatecan
2267:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2243:
2236:
2231:
2225:
2219:
2213:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2183:
2178:
2171:
2164:
2157:
2150:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2116:
2108:
2106:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2098:
2093:
2086:
2079:
2074:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2018:
2011:
2006:
1999:
1994:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1970:
1963:
1956:
1949:
1942:
1937:
1930:
1922:
1916:
1908:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1900:
1895:
1889:
1881:
1879:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1871:
1861:
1856:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1828:
1821:
1816:
1809:
1802:
1797:
1793:Marrku–Wurrugu
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1767:
1760:
1752:
1747:
1740:
1734:
1728:
1727:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1720:
1715:
1707:
1701:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1659:
1653:
1648:
1642:
1640:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1632:
1626:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1583:
1578:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1403:
1397:
1391:
1380:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1372:
1364:
1357:
1351:
1346:
1338:
1333:
1325:
1318:
1311:
1306:
1300:
1298:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1290:
1284:
1278:
1272:
1266:
1260:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1237:
1230:
1223:
1218:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1155:
1152:Hurro-Urartian
1148:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1124:
1119:
1112:
1105:
1100:
1092:
1086:
1071:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1064:
1063:
1057:
1051:
1046:
1039:
1034:
1028:
1026:
1022:
1021:
1019:
1018:
1012:
1006:
1000:
994:
988:
983:
975:
968:
963:
958:
951:
943:
937:
931:
930:
925:
923:
922:
915:
908:
900:
894:
893:
888:
854:(2): 172–192.
839:
832:
822:(1): 101–110.
811:
804:
789:
786:
783:
782:
742:
698:
677:(2): 212–221.
628:
611:
584:(4): 432–445.
563:
560:on 2009-07-31.
516:
515:
513:
510:
505:
504:
501:
498:
495:
492:
480:
477:
456:
453:
451:
448:
405:
402:
394:
391:
383:
380:
373:
370:
362:
359:
351:
348:
340:
337:
329:
326:
318:
315:
307:
304:
298:
295:
294:
293:
289:
286:
282:
252:
251:
248:
245:
242:
234:
231:
221:
218:
205:
202:
190:sign languages
176:
175:
168:
162:
161:
160:
159:
156:
151:
146:
141:
136:
131:
129:Levantine Sign
124:
120:
119:
113:
107:
106:
103:
97:
96:
88:
87:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7080:
7069:
7066:
7065:
7063:
7049:
7045:
7041:
7040:
7035:
7032:
7031:
7024:
7020:
7016:
7010:
7009:
7002:
6996:
6993:
6991:
6988:
6986:
6983:
6981:
6978:
6976:
6973:
6971:
6968:
6966:
6963:
6960:
6956:
6952:
6949:
6947:
6944:
6943:
6941:
6939:Miscellaneous
6937:
6931:
6928:
6926:
6923:
6921:
6918:
6916:
6913:
6912:
6910:
6908:Organisations
6906:
6900:
6897:
6895:
6892:
6890:
6887:
6885:
6882:
6880:
6877:
6875:
6872:
6870:
6867:
6865:
6864:Laurent Clerc
6862:
6860:
6857:
6855:
6854:Pär Aron Borg
6852:
6850:
6847:
6845:
6842:
6841:
6839:
6835:
6829:
6826:
6824:
6821:
6820:
6818:
6816:
6812:
6802:
6799:
6797:
6794:
6793:
6791:
6787:
6781:
6778:
6776:
6773:
6771:
6768:
6766:
6765:Signed Polish
6763:
6761:
6758:
6756:
6753:
6751:
6750:Signed German
6748:
6746:
6745:Signed French
6743:
6741:
6738:
6736:
6733:
6731:
6728:
6726:
6723:
6721:
6718:
6716:
6713:
6712:
6710:
6708:
6702:
6696:
6693:
6691:
6688:
6686:
6683:
6682:
6679:
6676:
6674:
6668:
6660:
6655:
6652:
6650:
6647:
6645:
6642:
6640:
6637:
6635:
6632:
6630:
6627:
6626:
6624:
6620:
6614:
6611:
6609:
6606:
6604:
6601:
6599:
6596:
6594:
6591:
6589:
6586:
6584:
6581:
6579:
6576:
6574:
6571:
6569:
6566:
6564:
6561:
6559:
6556:
6554:
6551:
6549:
6546:
6544:
6541:
6539:
6536:
6534:
6531:
6530:
6528:
6526:
6522:
6516:
6513:
6511:
6508:
6506:
6503:
6501:
6497:
6493:
6489:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6477:
6475:
6472:
6470:
6469:Grammar (ASL)
6467:
6466:
6464:
6460:
6454:
6451:
6449:
6446:
6444:
6441:
6439:
6436:
6434:
6431:
6429:
6426:
6424:
6421:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6411:
6409:
6406:
6404:
6401:
6398:
6397:
6395:
6389:
6383:
6380:
6378:
6375:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6359:
6357:
6355:
6351:
6341:
6338:
6336:
6333:
6331:
6328:
6326:
6323:
6322:
6320:
6318:International
6316:
6310:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6299:
6296:
6294:
6291:
6289:
6286:
6284:
6281:
6278:
6276:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6265:
6262:
6260:
6257:
6255:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6241:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6215:
6213:
6210:
6207:
6206:
6204:
6202:South America
6200:
6194:
6191:
6188:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6175:Rossel Island
6173:
6171:
6168:
6166:
6165:Mount Avejaha
6163:
6161:
6158:
6156:
6153:
6151:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6137:
6135:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6105:
6102:
6101:
6100:
6097:
6095:
6092:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6042:
6039:
6038:
6036:
6032:
6026:
6025:
6021:
6019:
6018:
6014:
6012:
6011:Navajo Family
6009:
6006:
6004:
6003:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5989:
5986:
5983:
5980:
5977:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5964:
5963:
5960:
5958:United States
5957:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5918:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5906:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5829:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5819:
5815:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5792:
5789:
5786:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5773:
5772:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5752:
5750:
5742:
5736:
5733:
5730:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5720:
5718:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5582:
5580:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5434:
5433:
5431:
5427:
5421:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5125:
5124:
5122:
5118:
5112:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5087:South African
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4990:
4989:
4987:
4983:
4976:
4973:
4969:
4959:
4956:
4955:
4952:
4949:
4946:
4943:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4916:
4914:
4910:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4898:Yoruban (YSL)
4896:
4892:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4883:Bura (Burasl)
4881:
4879:
4876:
4875:
4874:West African
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4860:Ugandan (USL)
4858:
4856:
4855:Turkish (TİD)
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4840:Spanish (LSE)
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4820:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4808:Rossel Island
4806:
4804:
4803:
4799:
4797:
4796:Qahveh Khaneh
4794:
4790:
4787:
4786:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4739:Mount Avejaha
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4699:Maltese (LSM)
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4675:
4672:
4671:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4622:Atgangmuurniq
4620:
4619:
4617:
4612:
4611:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4604:
4600:
4598:
4597:Guinea-Bissau
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4512:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4472:
4470:
4466:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4451:
4449:
4447:
4441:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4414:
4411:
4410:
4408:
4406:
4402:
4395:
4394:
4392:
4390:
4385:
4378:
4375:
4372:
4369:
4366:
4363:
4360:
4357:
4354:
4351:
4348:
4345:
4342:
4339:
4336:
4333:
4330:
4327:
4324:
4321:
4318:
4315:
4312:
4309:
4306:
4303:
4300:
4297:
4294:
4291:
4288:
4285:
4282:
4279:
4276:
4273:
4270:
4269:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4257:
4251:
4248:
4247:
4245:
4243:
4239:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4219:
4217:
4215:
4211:
4203:Cepeda Peraza
4202:
4199:
4196:
4193:
4190:
4189:
4187:
4185:Highland Maya
4184:
4183:
4181:
4179:
4175:
4167:
4166:
4162:
4161:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4154:
4150:
4149:
4147:
4145:
4141:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4121:
4119:
4117:
4116:Japanese Sign
4113:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4095:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4081:
4078:
4077:
4075:
4073:
4067:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4047:
4045:
4043:
4039:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4010:
4008:
4006:
4002:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3974:
3972:
3970:
3966:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3954:Flemish (VGT)
3952:
3951:
3949:
3945:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3933:Mexican (LSM)
3931:
3930:
3928:
3924:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3912:Italian (LIS)
3910:
3909:
3907:
3903:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3888:
3886:
3882:
3872:
3869:
3866:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3854:
3852:
3848:
3842:
3841:Russian (РЖЯ)
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3831:Latvian (LSL)
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3813:
3811:
3807:
3804:
3798:
3786:
3783:
3782:
3781:
3778:
3777:
3775:
3773:
3768:
3761:
3760:
3758:
3756:
3751:
3744:
3743:
3741:
3739:
3734:
3727:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3713:
3710:
3707:
3704:
3703:
3701:
3695:
3686:
3683:
3682:
3681:
3678:
3677:
3675:
3671:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3635:
3632:
3629:
3626:
3621:
3618:
3617:
3616:
3613:
3610:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3597:
3596:
3593:
3592:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3578:
3572:
3569:
3565:
3564:
3560:
3559:
3558:
3555:
3551:
3548:
3547:
3546:
3545:Catalan (LSC)
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3529:
3526:
3525:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3505:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3493:
3483:
3482:Uruguay (LSU)
3480:
3478:
3475:
3474:
3472:
3470:
3464:
3458:
3455:
3454:
3451:
3448:
3442:
3429:
3428:
3427:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3420:
3419:
3416:
3415:
3413:
3411:
3407:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3373:
3371:
3369:
3365:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3338:
3334:
3331:
3330:
3329:
3328:British (BSL)
3326:
3322:
3319:
3318:
3317:
3314:
3313:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3301:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3271:
3260:
3257:
3254:
3251:
3250:
3248:
3246:
3242:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3229:
3226:
3220:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3190:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3178:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3153:
3147:
3146:Ngaatjatjarra
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3129:
3125:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3095:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3082:
3079:
3078:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3066:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3049:
3045:
3043:
3042:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3020:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3005:
2999:
2992:
2989:
2983:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2965:
2961:
2960:Sign language
2954:
2949:
2947:
2942:
2940:
2935:
2934:
2931:
2917:
2913:
2910:
2906:
2903:
2902:
2898:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2857:
2847:
2846:
2841:
2840:
2838:
2834:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2816:Original Thai
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2796:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2776:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2762:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2682:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2618:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2606:
2599:
2596:
2593:
2590:
2587:
2584:
2581:
2580:Hibito–Cholón
2578:
2575:
2572:
2569:
2566:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2532:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2448:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2411:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2399:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2362:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2328:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2307:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2296:
2290:
2289:
2285:
2283:
2282:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2265:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2248:
2244:
2242:
2241:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2214:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2188:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2176:
2172:
2170:
2169:
2165:
2163:
2162:
2158:
2156:
2155:
2151:
2149:
2148:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2121:
2117:
2115:
2114:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2103:
2097:
2096:Yuman–Cochimí
2094:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2085:
2084:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2072:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2023:
2019:
2017:
2016:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1975:
1971:
1969:
1968:
1964:
1962:
1961:
1957:
1955:
1954:
1950:
1948:
1947:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1935:
1931:
1929:
1928:
1924:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1909:
1899:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1887:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1876:
1869:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1854:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1831:Southern Daly
1829:
1827:
1826:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1814:
1810:
1808:
1807:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1772:
1768:
1766:
1765:
1761:
1758:
1757:
1756:Darwin Region
1753:
1751:
1748:
1745:
1742:
1741:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1729:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1708:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1637:
1630:
1627:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1588:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1576:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1554:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1537:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1515:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1438:Demta–Sentani
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1408:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1385:
1381:
1371:
1369:
1365:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1324:
1323:
1319:
1317:
1316:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1299:
1295:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1242:
1238:
1236:
1235:
1231:
1229:
1228:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1216:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1160:
1159:Indo-European
1156:
1154:
1153:
1149:
1147:
1146:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1117:
1113:
1111:
1110:
1109:Austroasiatic
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1079:
1072:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1044:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1001:
998:
995:
992:
989:
987:
984:
981:
980:
976:
974:
973:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
956:
952:
950:
949:
945:
944:
941:
938:
936:
932:
928:
921:
916:
914:
909:
907:
902:
901:
898:
892:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
840:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
812:
809:
805:
801:
797:
792:
791:
787:
778:
774:
767:
765:
763:
761:
759:
757:
755:
753:
751:
749:
747:
743:
738:
734:
729:
724:
720:
716:
709:
702:
699:
694:
690:
685:
680:
676:
672:
668:
661:
659:
657:
655:
653:
651:
649:
647:
645:
643:
641:
639:
637:
635:
633:
629:
624:
623:
615:
612:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
572:
570:
568:
564:
556:
552:
545:
538:
536:
534:
532:
530:
528:
526:
524:
522:
518:
511:
509:
502:
499:
496:
493:
490:
489:
488:
485:
478:
476:
472:
470:
466:
461:
454:
450:Accessibility
449:
447:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
418:derives from
417:
412:
410:
403:
401:
399:
392:
390:
388:
381:
379:
378:
371:
369:
367:
360:
358:
356:
349:
347:
345:
338:
336:
334:
327:
325:
323:
316:
314:
312:
305:
303:
296:
290:
287:
283:
276:
272:
271:
270:
267:
265:
261:
256:
249:
246:
243:
240:
239:
238:
232:
230:
226:
219:
217:
215:
211:
203:
201:
198:
193:
191:
187:
183:
173:
169:
167:
163:
157:
155:
152:
150:
149:Egyptian Sign
147:
145:
142:
140:
137:
135:
132:
130:
127:
126:
125:
118:
114:
112:
108:
104:
98:
93:
84:
81:
73:
63:
59:
53:
52:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
7043:
7037:
7028:
7026:
7006:
6823:Films (list)
6740:Signed Dutch
6685:Contact sign
6130:Hawaii (USA)
6023:
6016:
6001:
5826:
5817:
5709:Swiss-German
5345:Saudi Arabia
5083:South Africa
4817:
4800:
4674:Somali (SSL)
4601:
4509:
4444:Providencia–
4423:Nesilextcl'n
4396:Oneida (OSL)
4358:Tickanwa•tic
4346:Schitsu'umsh
4328:Nųmą́khų́·ki
4242:Paget Gorman
4163:
4158:
4151:
4143:
4107:Punjab-Sindh
4055:Polish (PJM)
4050:German (DGS)
3926:Mexican Sign
3905:Italian Sign
3809:Russian Sign
3772:French (LSF)
3745:Oneida (OSL)
3659:Quebec (LSQ)
3644:Oneida (OSL)
3561:
3557:French (LSF)
3410:Chinese Sign
3368:Swedish Sign
3180:
3092:
3063:
3046:
3039:
3017:
2915:
2908:
2907:Families in
2842:
2793:
2778:
2691:
2679:
2529:
2497:
2488:Pano-Tacanan
2445:
2408:
2396:
2367:Arutani–Sape
2359:
2304:
2286:
2279:
2264:Oto-Manguean
2262:
2245:
2238:
2185:
2173:
2166:
2159:
2152:
2145:
2118:
2111:
2088:
2081:
2069:
2042:
2020:
2013:
2001:
1989:
1972:
1965:
1958:
1951:
1944:
1932:
1925:
1884:
1851:
1847:Western Daly
1825:Pama–Nyungan
1823:
1811:
1804:
1791:
1769:
1764:Eastern Daly
1762:
1754:
1709:
1585:
1573:
1551:
1534:
1512:
1483:Kaure–Kosare
1443:Doso–Turumsa
1433:Chimbu–Wahgi
1423:Bulaka River
1407:Austronesian
1405:
1366:
1359:
1340:
1327:
1320:
1313:
1239:
1232:
1225:
1215:Sino-Tibetan
1213:
1196:
1179:
1157:
1150:
1143:
1126:
1116:Austronesian
1114:
1107:
1095:
1041:
979:Nilo-Saharan
977:
970:
955:Austronesian
953:
946:
851:
847:
835:
819:
815:
807:
799:
795:
777:ResearchGate
776:
721:(2): 55–88.
718:
714:
701:
674:
670:
621:
614:
581:
577:
555:the original
550:
506:
486:
482:
473:
462:
458:
413:
407:
396:
385:
375:
364:
353:
342:
331:
320:
309:
300:
268:
264:intensifiers
260:prepositions
257:
253:
236:
227:
223:
207:
194:
181:
179:
144:Kuwaiti Sign
123:Subdivisions
102:distribution
76:
67:
48:
6965:Open Outcry
6889:Abbé Sicard
6874:Roger Fouts
6705:Signed Oral
6644:SignWriting
6492:Orientation
6462:Linguistics
6443:Pitha Pitha
6138:New Zealand
6074:Manjiljarra
5945:El Salvador
5705:Switzerland
5615:Netherlands
5455:Azerbaijani
5397:Old Bangkok
5337:Philippines
5025:Ivory Coast
4819:Sandy River
4557:Cuban (LSC)
4446:Cayman Sign
4295:Hinono'eino
4286:Coahuilteco
4271:Anishinaabe
4232:Old Bangkok
4153:Old Kentish
4082:Beluchistan
4042:German Sign
4023:Ho Chi Minh
3947:Old Belgian
3891:Dutch (NGT)
3630:Costa Rican
3523:Irish (ISL)
3467:Paraguayan-
3258:Palestinian
3141:Manjiljarra
3136:Kartutjarra
3071:Rdaka rdaka
3065:Pitha Pitha
2801:Germanosign
2705:Mura-Pirahã
2586:Lule–Vilela
2562:Bora-Witoto
2537:Uru–Chipaya
2510:Ticuna–Yuri
2493:Peba–Yaguan
2478:Nambikwaran
2281:Uto-Aztecan
2217:Mesoamerica
2071:Uto-Aztecan
2060:Tsimshianic
2022:Palaihnihan
1892:Malak-Malak
1629:Papuan Gulf
1603:West Papuan
1508:Lower Sepik
1498:Lakes Plain
1401:Arai–Samaia
1389:the Pacific
1097:Afroasiatic
972:Niger–Congo
948:Afroasiatic
838:, Gallaudet
204:Linguistics
154:Libyan Sign
139:Yemeni Sign
62:introducing
6990:Protactile
6629:ASL-phabet
6613:Portuguese
6515:Sign names
6500:Expression
6428:Old French
6413:Kalkutungu
6382:Name signs
6372:Literature
6309:Venezuelan
6283:Inmaculada
6275:Paraguayan
6267:Ecuadorian
6121:Yir Yoront
5972:Protactile
5949:Salvadoran
5941:Panamanian
5928:Nicaraguan
5905:Albarradas
5876:Guatemalan
5833:Costa Rica
5828:Old Cayman
5781:Protactile
5659:Portuguese
5627:Macedonian
5603:Lithuanian
5451:Azerbaijan
5420:Vietnamese
5377:Tajikistan
5365:Sri Lankan
5264:Kazakhstan
5234:Kafr Qasem
5185:Indonesian
4887:Mofu-Gudur
4825:Salvadoran
4802:Rennellese
4789:Inmaculada
4744:Mozambican
4694:Macedonian
4664:Kata Kolok
4654:Kafr Qasim
4613:Creole HSL
4364:Tsuu T'ina
4325:Niitsítapi
4319:Ni Mii Puu
4310:Maagiadawa
4274:Apsáalooke
4200:Trascorral
3884:Dutch Sign
3687:Yogyakarta
3647:Panamanian
3605:Protactile
3563:Old French
3540:Lithuanian
3496:Francosign
3113:Yir Yoront
3100:Warramunga
3048:Kalkutungu
3004:Aboriginal
3002:Australian
2795:Francosign
2643:Chiquitano
2623:Alacalufan
2431:Guaicuruan
2404:Chapacuran
2387:Cahuapanan
2355:Araucanian
2258:Mixe–Zoque
2253:Misumalpan
1967:Comecrudan
1819:Nyulnyulan
1598:Upper Yuat
1575:Torricelli
1547:Senu River
1478:Foja Range
1384:New Guinea
1309:Burushaski
1170:Kartvelian
1145:Hmong–Mien
961:Khoe–Kwadi
802:(1): 3–13.
512:References
465:Al-Jazeera
292:"dentist."
285:"morning."
233:Vocabulary
214:colloquial
134:Iraqi Sign
100:Geographic
45:references
7046:indicate
6707:Languages
6608:Ukrainian
6568:Hungarian
6553:Esperanto
6484:Handshape
6453:Warluwara
6393:languages
6377:Profanity
6340:Signalong
6305:Venezuela
6301:Uruguayan
6254:Colombian
6208:Argentina
6079:Warlmanpa
6040:Australia
5978:Blackfeet
5967:Black ASL
5924:Nicaragua
5872:Guatemala
5864:Greenland
5787:Blackfoot
5776:Black ASL
5744:North and
5735:Ukrainian
5693:Valencian
5675:Slovenian
5643:Norwegian
5599:Lithuania
5563:Icelandic
5555:Hungarian
5402:Chiangmai
5373:Taiwanese
5361:Sri Lanka
5357:Singapore
5353:Singapore
5310:Mongolian
5284:Malaysian
5181:Indonesia
5150:Hong Kong
5138:Cambodian
5095:Tanzanian
4971:By region
4527:Bhutanese
4322:Niimíipuu
4304:Karankawa
4227:Hai Phong
4222:Chiangmai
4013:Hai Phong
4005:Viet-Thai
3867:Slovenian
3836:Mongolian
3802:Hungarian
3738:Hand Talk
3705:Ethiopian
3633:Dominican
3627:Cambodian
3422:Shanghai
3252:Jordanian
3245:Levantine
3224:Levantine
3109:Yan-nhaŋu
3094:Warluwara
3088:Warlmanpa
3054:Miriwoong
2826:Tanzanian
2767:languages
2664:Hodï/Joti
2608:Isolates
2547:Yanomaman
2483:Otomákoan
2447:Jirajaran
2436:Guajiboan
2398:Catacaoan
2377:Barbacoan
2306:Cuitlatec
2275:Totonacan
2234:Jicaquean
2113:Chimariko
2009:Muskogean
1991:Kalapuyan
1985:Iroquoian
1960:Chumashan
1953:Chinookan
1946:Chimakuan
1864:Yangmanic
1859:Worrorran
1842:Wagaydyic
1732:Australia
1581:Trans-Fly
1247:Yeniseian
1234:Tyrsenian
1128:Dravidian
737:216153629
723:CiteSeerX
625:(Thesis).
606:145518387
297:Varieties
210:diglossic
166:Glottolog
7062:Category
6695:Mouthing
6671:Language
6654:ASLwrite
6578:Japanese
6533:American
6505:Mouthing
6496:Movement
6488:Location
6433:Old Kent
6399:Chilmark
6335:Monastic
6288:Peruvian
6271:Paraguay
6259:Provisle
6250:Colombia
6220:Bolivian
6180:Sinasina
6024:Henniker
5984:Cheyenne
5936:Chiriqui
5897:Honduran
5893:Honduras
5763:Belizean
5671:Slovenia
5655:Portugal
5521:Ghardaia
5505:Estonian
5484:Croatian
5447:Austrian
5439:Armenian
5393:Thailand
5341:Filipino
5333:Nepalese
5318:Ghandruk
5306:Mongolia
5302:Maldives
5298:Maldives
5294:Selangor
5280:Malaysia
5252:Miyakubo
5242:Japanese
5224:Ghardaia
5134:Cambodia
5091:Tanzania
5004:Cameroon
5000:Ghardaia
4995:Algerian
4830:Sinasina
4603:Henniker
4582:Ghandruk
4522:Belizean
4505:Armenian
4468:Isolates
4415:Kalispel
4412:A'aninin
4370:Wazhazhe
4367:Umatilla
4349:Shiwinna
4340:Piipaash
4289:Dane-zaa
4283:Cheyenne
4188:Yucatec
4159:Chilmark
4093:Calcutta
3977:Malagasy
3821:Georgian
3725:Nigerian
3722:Moroccan
3711:Ghanaian
3636:Jamaican
3622:Mandalay
3611:Bolivian
3581:American
3273:Possible
3255:Lebanese
3193:Egyptian
3059:Mudburra
3025:Djingili
2987:families
2985:Language
2859:See also
2836:Isolates
2811:Japanese
2751:Yuracaré
2633:Candoshi
2592:Macro-Jê
2557:Zaparoan
2552:Zamucoan
2542:Witotoan
2525:Tucanoan
2520:Tiniguan
2515:Timotean
2499:Quechuan
2468:Matacoan
2463:Mascoian
2453:Jivaroan
2416:Chibchan
2410:Charruan
2361:Arawakan
2298:Isolates
2229:Chibchan
2105:Isolates
2077:Wakashan
2038:Salishan
1980:Eskaleut
1886:Giimbiyu
1878:Isolates
1787:Jarrakan
1782:Iwaidjan
1639:Isolates
1493:Kutubuan
1361:Sumerian
1297:Isolates
1252:Yukaghir
1221:Tungusic
1187:Mongolic
1175:Koreanic
1134:Eskaleut
1025:Isolates
1009:Ubangian
876:44038104
868:26191034
693:15778217
598:26190997
172:arab1398
70:May 2013
7044:Italics
6995:Tic-tac
6837:Persons
6673:contact
6622:Writing
6603:Spanish
6593:Russian
6548:Chilean
6543:Catalan
6408:Jaralde
6391:Extinct
6362:Grammar
6330:Makaton
6297:Uruguay
6263:Ecuador
6246:Chilean
6238:Ka'apor
6216:Bolivia
6034:Oceania
5920:Mexican
5910:Chatino
5889:Haitian
5818:Plateau
5748:America
5746:Central
5731:Ukraine
5727:Turkish
5701:Swedish
5688:Spanish
5683:Catalan
5667:Russian
5611:Russian
5607:Moldova
5595:Latvian
5579:Italian
5567:Ireland
5559:Iceland
5551:Hungary
5535:Germany
5513:Finnish
5509:Finland
5501:Estonia
5488:Denmark
5480:Croatia
5476:British
5463:Flemish
5459:Belgium
5443:Austria
5435:Armenia
5416:Vietnam
5381:Russian
5323:Jhankot
5276:Laotian
5229:Israeli
5211:Kurdish
5198:Persian
5167:Bengali
5146:Chinese
5130:Bengali
5111:Zambian
5103:Ugandan
5067:Senegal
5054:Nigeria
5021:Nanabin
4991:Algeria
4903:Zambian
4779:Persian
4685:Kisindo
4644:Ka'apor
4634:Jhankot
4552:Chatino
4405:Plateau
4387:Mixed,
4379:Wyandot
4373:Wichita
4361:Tháumgá
4343:Ppáⁿkka
4331:Nʉmʉnʉʉ
4307:Liksiyu
4298:Hiraacá
4277:Arikara
4144:Kentish
4086:Bengali
3996:Teknmál
3896:Gambian
3864:Serbian
3861:Kosovar
3800:Austro-
3770:Mixed,
3753:Mixed,
3736:Mixed,
3714:Guinean
3708:Chadian
3684:Jakarta
3615:Burmese
3583:(ASLic)
3280:Emirati
3198:Kuwaiti
3041:Jaralde
2909:italics
2886:Pidgins
2871:Creoles
2821:Swedish
2789:Chinese
2736:Urarina
2721:Puinave
2675:Itonama
2669:Irantxe
2638:Chimane
2568:Chimuan
2473:Nadahup
2392:Cariban
2372:Aymaran
2333:America
2175:Waikuri
2168:Tonkawa
2161:Timucua
2154:Takelma
2147:Siuslaw
2136:Kutenai
2120:Esselen
2083:Wintuan
2044:Shastan
2015:Na-Dene
2003:Maiduan
1940:Caddoan
1914:America
1868:Wagiman
1866:(incl.
1837:Tangkic
1777:Garawan
1750:Bunuban
1711:Tambora
1678:Maybrat
1646:Abinomn
1569:Teberan
1530:Pauwasi
1520:Mairasi
1488:Kiwaian
1368:Tambora
1354:Shompen
1336:Kusunda
1329:Kenaboi
1315:Elamite
1287:Siangic
1269:Kho-Bwa
1263:Hrusish
1181:Kra–Dai
1165:Japonic
1074:Eurasia
1049:Sandawe
1032:Bangime
997:Songhay
220:Grammar
58:improve
6959:Loulis
6955:Washoe
6789:Others
6588:Polish
6583:Korean
6563:German
6558:French
6403:Diyari
6367:Idioms
6224:Brazil
6193:Samoan
6155:Kailge
6099:Umpila
6044:Auslan
6007:Navajo
5991:Oneida
5987:Ojibwa
5932:Panama
5901:Mexico
5842:Brunca
5837:Bribri
5823:Cayman
5807:Quebec
5797:Oneida
5793:Ojibwa
5767:Canada
5759:Belize
5722:Mardin
5713:Turkey
5697:Sweden
5663:Russia
5651:Polish
5647:Poland
5639:Norway
5591:Latvia
5583:Kosovo
5543:Greece
5539:German
5526:French
5517:France
5492:Danish
5429:Europe
5369:Taiwan
5289:Penang
5260:Korean
5247:Koniya
5215:Israel
5162:Alipur
5126:Bengal
5107:Zambia
5099:Uganda
5079:Somali
5037:Kenyan
5008:Maroua
4985:Africa
4941:(~150)
4774:Penang
4719:M'bour
4709:Mardin
4659:Kailge
4649:Kajana
4618:Inuit
4542:Brunca
4537:Bribri
4495:Alipur
4475:Afghan
4431:Sqeliz
4316:Nakota
4194:Nohkop
4191:Chicán
4100:Nepali
4090:Bombay
3619:Yangon
3353:Samoan
3339:Fijian
3316:Auslan
3304:BANZSL
3261:Syrian
3222:Iraqi–
3213:Yemeni
3203:Libyan
3162:Meriam
3076:Umpila
3019:Diyari
2784:BANZSL
2746:Yamana
2731:Trumai
2700:Movima
2654:Fulniô
2617:Aikanã
2531:Tupian
2426:Chonan
2350:Arauan
2288:Xincan
2240:Lencan
2193:Yokuts
2090:Yukian
2055:Tanoan
2050:Siouan
2033:Pomoan
1974:Coosan
1800:Mirndi
1693:Porome
1688:Pawaia
1542:Senagi
1514:Madang
1463:Eleman
1418:Border
1349:Nihali
1342:Minoan
1322:Hattic
1304:Basque
1275:Mijiic
1257:Digaro
1241:Uralic
1227:Turkic
1078:Europe
935:Africa
884:648902
882:
874:
866:
735:
725:
691:
604:
596:
422:, and
186:family
47:, but
6815:Media
6573:Irish
6293:Sivia
6242:Chile
6185:Wanib
6160:Mehek
6126:Yolŋu
6094:Ngada
5915:Mayan
5885:Haiti
5881:Mayan
5860:Cuban
5679:Spain
5619:Dutch
5575:Italy
5571:Irish
5547:Greek
5531:Lyons
5385:Tibet
5349:Saudi
5328:Jumla
5314:Nepal
5256:Korea
5238:Japan
5206:Iraqi
5158:India
5142:China
5071:Mbour
5045:Tebul
5033:Kenya
5012:Ghana
4870:Wanib
4845:Tebul
4835:Sivia
4724:Mehek
4639:Jumla
4352:Sioux
4337:Palus
4334:Omaha
4197:Nohya
4096:Delhi
4018:Hanoi
3430:Macau
3290:Omani
3285:Saudi
3235:Iraqi
3118:Yolŋu
2741:Warao
2710:Nukak
2681:Kunza
2659:Guató
2648:Cofán
2628:Camsá
2421:Choco
2382:Boran
2331:South
2312:Huave
2247:Mayan
2198:Yuchi
2181:Washo
2131:Karuk
2126:Haida
2065:Utian
1997:Keres
1934:Alsea
1927:Algic
1912:North
1704:Taiap
1698:Sulka
1553:Sepik
1468:Engan
1209:Ongan
1192:Nivkh
1060:Shabo
1043:Jalaa
1037:Hadza
991:Mande
872:S2CID
864:JSTOR
733:S2CID
711:(PDF)
602:S2CID
594:JSTOR
558:(PDF)
547:(PDF)
426:from
184:is a
7017:and
6649:si5s
6279:Peru
6233:Cena
6150:Enga
5981:Cree
5856:Cuba
5790:Cree
5407:Thai
5272:Laos
5202:Iraq
5194:Iran
5177:Naga
5120:Asia
5058:Bura
5041:Mali
4947:(7+)
4749:Naga
4577:Enga
4547:Cena
4355:Taos
4301:Icāk
4292:Diné
4072:Sign
2916:bold
2843:See
2779:Arab
2765:Sign
2716:Páez
2693:Maku
2687:Leco
2203:Zuni
2187:Yana
2141:Seri
1898:Tiwi
1718:Wiru
1683:Mpur
1673:Kuot
1656:Anêm
1651:Abun
1618:Yuat
1613:Yawa
1559:Skou
1536:Ramu
1387:and
1281:Miju
1103:Ainu
1083:Asia
1081:and
1054:Laal
1015:Kadu
1003:Ijaw
966:Kx'a
689:PMID
442:and
262:and
180:The
7019:BSL
7015:ASL
6354:ASL
1668:Kol
1662:Ata
1608:Yam
1473:Fas
986:Tuu
856:doi
824:doi
679:doi
586:doi
188:of
7064::
7039:^c
7030:^b
7025:.
7008:^a
6957:,
6498:/
6494:/
6490:/
6486:/
1870:)?
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