351:, as the ruling party was held incapable of solving the socio-economic crisis, and was accused of indifference towards the suffering of the people. This prompted the organisation of Mizo National Front which attempted to alleviate the situation as one agenda, and a renewed struggle for independence as the other. These policies, as before, were closer to the sentiments of the people, and actually the sealed the fate of the Mizo Union. A scheduled 1966 election could not be held due to the insurgency, and internal politics as a whole was crushed. Mizo Union was gradually disintegrating. The party assembly on 12 January 1974 therefore resolved to dissolve the party entirely and merged with
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divide of the party into two, Saprawnga's and
Lalsawia's sides. The split in the party paid a serious blow when they almost lost to UMFO (11 against 8) in the 1957 election. To the blessing of Saprawnga, UMFO and Lalsawia with his clique decided to join a Meghalaya-based Eastern India Tribal Union (EITU) party in October 1957, so that Saprawnga was left with the sole political party of the land.
430:. The first General Assembly in 1946 had resolved that upon Indian Independence, the Lushai Hills must be integrated to Assam. It was then in January 1947 that President Khawtinkhuma and Secretary Vanṭhuama wrote to the President of the Constituent Assembly of India that representative of the Mizo Union should be included in the Advisory Committee for the Tribal Areas of Assam. They submitted a
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had an absolute power on the welfare of the citizens, and that most often was exercised in prejudice. The original bearing "Common" was expressly clear that it was a force to overthrow the oppressive tribal governance of the chiefs, which was further exploited by the
British. For this reason alone it
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against CEM Lalsawia, who he eventually replaced. The ingenious
Saprawnga then designated Lalsawia as an Executive Member to the dismay of the party, especially the then President R. Thanhlira. After feud and friction in the party, Thanhlira conceded to resigning the presidency. This led to factional
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against the party leaders, who were not highly educated, which was the main issue. The intellectuals mounted a coup in the party's first general meeting on 24–26 September of that year, which led to the resignation of
Pachhunga and elimination of other leaders. Then the only remaining of the original
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instead of India or independence. UMFO eventually absorbed the supporters of the Mizo Union
Council, thereby becoming the only political rival. At the election to Advisory Council of Mizoram, the first democratic election under independent India, Mizo Union received a massive win (23 against 1 for
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customary tribal administration, was quite fulfilled by the creation of the democratic administration of the
District Council. But the other causes - independence and greater Mizoram - were not. The original aspiration of sovereignty was immediately subdued, and the attempt for unification of all
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to the
Bordoloi Committee that they agreed the incorporation of the then Lushai Hills to the Indian Union, however, on the condition "that the Lushai’s will be allowed to opt out of the Indian Union when willing to do so subject to a minimum period of ten years." Then, at the turn of 1960, the
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If one person is to be singled out for the rise and fall of Mizo Union, it would invariably be an astute Ch. Saprawnga. From the start he was the instigator of the first coup in 1946. When the party won the first governmental election in 1952, at the time
Mizoram was a district of
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against the
British orders. At the onset, there even was a proposal to turn YLA into a political party. The learned men were urged the need to create an entirely political organisation. R. Vanlawma and P.S. Dahrawka then prepared a constitution of what they eventually called the
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official, Vice
President Lalhema became the President, who unfortunately was also a petty businessman and still with a deficit in education. This issue erupted in the November meeting, and election in the early 1947 clearly toppled Lalhema, ousted by Khawtinkhuma, a fresh
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Pachhunga, who were mostly well-to-do entrepreneurs and the tribal chiefs. Thus Aizawl was divided into a southern Mizo Union dominion with its headquarters at Thakthing and northern Mizo Union Council territory having its office at Pachhunga's residence at Dawrpui.
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the party organised the first ever grand procession in Mizoram in which they cried out the slogan of independence. On the day of independence on 15 August 1947, they planned for a more jubilant demonstration. However, the Mizo Union Council, which had turned to
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and the first officials were elected on 25 May 1946. The premier businessman Pachhunga became the first President. Immediately the party gained unprecedented support from the general public throughout the land. This was largely because of the general
274:, on 18 January. But there was an internal turmoil incited by Lalbiaktluanga, who as the Vice President rightly claimed the presidency, but to no avail. Dispirited Lalbiaktluanga and his sympathisers departed with the creation of a new party, the
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attitude redirected towards permanent statehood under India. The party convention on 10 June 1963 made a resolution to demand for a Mizo state, that should include all Mizo-inhabited areas of Lushai Hills, Tripura, Assam and Manipur.
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The political aspiration shifted its direction when the intellectual group overtook the party administration. Although the fundamental objective remained independence, there was an influential view that the party should go for
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for Mizoram instead of becoming a part of Indian union. This aspiration also carried the unification of all Mizo clans into a single administrative area, that is to bring all lands inhabited by Mizo tribes including those of
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members from Mizoram, was offered as an honour the position on Parliamentary Secretary under the ruling Assam Congress Party. The ever strategic Saprawnga declined and unexpectedly returned to the Mizoram District and cast a
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readily gained support from majority of the population. The 1947 conference explicitly voted against the oppressive tribal administration and demanded total abolition of: 1) construction works by forced labour; 2)
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Mizo tribes into a united state was a total failure. Instead the party was more and more engrossed in the Indian politics, to the disappointment of many, and this was one of the basic factors of the rise of
211:. After recruiting members, the party was formally established on 6 April 1946 with R. Vanlawma becoming the General Secretary and Convener. After a discussion the name was simplified to
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of India was about to end. The British administrators initiated forming local representatives to maintain law and order. However, the Mizo leaders, especially the central organisation
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in Aizawl as the Mizo Union was supported by the educated class and commoners, and also mostly by church leaders. Whereas the new party was espoused by the influences of the
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tax to the chief; 3) the chief's authoritative judgement of disputes; and 4) meat tax to the chief. The other central motive of Mizo Union was to claim independent and
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UMFO). This resulted not only in the loss of Burma inclination, but the eventual demise of UMFO. When the Mizoram District Council was created by the
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downgraded its status, so that the party was compelled to dissolve in 1974 and merged with the
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Zo Chronicles: A Documentary Study of History and Culture of the Kuki-Chin-Lushai Tribe
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of some sort under the Indian Union. Leaders of the party were on good terms with the
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In early 1947 Khawtinkhuma was offered a regular government job, and was succeeded by
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461:. New Delhi (India): Krishan Mittal for Mittal Publications. pp. 18–19.
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Fernandes W (1999). "Conflict in North-East: A Historical Perspective".
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638:. New Delhi (India): Indus Publishing Company. pp. 157–180.
584:. New Delhi (India): Indus Publishing Company. pp. 127–133.
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Mizo Union was the upshot of administrative preparation when the
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the tribal chiefs, warned them of physical opposition to such
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and social backlashes. This shortcoming was compounded by the
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696:. New Delhi (India): Mittal Publications. pp. 138–142.
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on 17 March 1974, they failed to make political landmarks.
723:(2 ed.). New Delhi (India): Orient Longman Limited.
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in 1947, the party was the only political force in the
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355:. Although a few devotees of the party recreated the
330:The principal goal of the Mizo Union, which was to
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151:as the Mizo Common People's Union. At the time of
667:. Zomi-Reunification Organisation. Archived from
548:"Mizoram a Political Party hrang hrang te !"
371:of the tribal administrative system, in which a
282:of UMFO was to join the administrative state of
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224:and their British allies, who wearied them with
135:(6 April 1946 – 12 January 1974) was the first
367:Mizo Union arose from the irate commoners of
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343:. The party had no agenda for promotion of
27:Defunct Indian political party (1946– 1974)
458:Encyclopaedia of North-East India: Mizoram
607:"Mizo Insurgency Vis-as-vis Human Rights"
299:became the first Chief Executive Member.
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
803:Political parties disestablished in 1974
550:[Political Parties in Mizoram].
517:"Changing Pattern of State Politics – V"
174:(bamboo famine) of 1958 and its protégé
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758:MIZORAM VIDHAN SABHA ELECTION 1998
414:, even to the extent of taking up
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720:Hill Politics In North East India
278:(UMFO), on 5 July 1947. The main
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768:Zomi-Reunification Organisation
605:Lalhmanmawia C (21 June 2011).
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763:Mizoramonline: Mizoram History
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546:lushai_er (31 October 2012).
515:Bimola K (21 November 2012).
487:Economic and Political Weekly
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