283:. Whereas Danish–Norwegian society had previously been broadly divided into the nobility, the clergy and the farmers, the new bourgeoisie, while not noble, was clearly distinct from the farmer class. From the same period, the King also increasingly appointed non-nobles to state offices, and thus the bourgeoisie, typically consisting of merchants and ship's captains, and the civil servants, in many ways constituted a common social class and often intermarried. This class is often referred to as patricians in Denmark and Norway. Norway was different from Denmark due to the lack of a substantial Norwegian nobility, and therefore the class of non-noble patricians came to occupy a more prominent position in that country than in Denmark.
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and some became major land owners. However the majority of patrician families, while affluent compared to ordinary people, were not exceedingly wealthy, and what made them stand out was more than anything their shared elite culture, social status and education. Together with the higher civil servants
439:
families became part of the
Telemark patriciate in the 18th century and acquired significant fortunes, partly through intermarriage with the older elite in Telemark. The patriciate of Telemark between the 17th and the 19th century has been extensively covered in historical scholarship, particularly
341:, many of the patrician merchants struggled financially, and a new mercantile class emerged from the 1830s–1840s. By contrast, Norway during the 19th century became known as a "Civil Servant State," reflecting the role of the civil servants as "the most enduring, consistent and visible elite."
431:. Jon Nygaard argues that "the most prominent patrician families in Upper Telemark were Blom, Paus and Ørn," and notes that while the burgher class in Skien was relatively open to new men, the "aristocracy of officials" in Upper Telemark was a more closed group. Furthermore, the
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from the 17th century until the modern age; it is typically considered to have ended sometime during the 19th or early 20th century as a distinct class. Jørgen Haave defines the
Norwegian patriciate as a broad collective term for the civil servants (embetsmenn) and the
256:, e.g. by Jon Nygaard and Jørgen Haave, resulting in renewed interest in the patricians as a social group. In a Norwegian context, Jørgen Haave defines the patriciate as a broad collective term for the civil servants (embetsmenn) and the
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in its modern, broad generic sense in
English. The patricians did not constitute a legally defined class as such, although its constituent groups, the civil servants and the burghers held various legal privileges, with the
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used the term patriciate to describe his own family background, and the term has recently been used in scholarship exploring Ibsen's family and childhood milieu, and by extension the elite of the entire county of
558:, (2014). "Det norske embetsaristokratiet," in Morten Nordhagen Ottosen and Marthe Hommerstad (eds.), Ideal og realitet. 1814 i politisk praksis for folk og elite (pp. 111–125). Akademika forlag.
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denotes both the non-noble bourgeoisie and the non-noble class of higher civil servants, lawyers and members of other elite professions, especially before around 1900, as seen e.g. in the series
245:), which was published in six volumes between 1891 and 1979. In Denmark usage of the term patrician is typically restricted to families that belonged to this class no later than around 1800.
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and clergy, but below the nobility, burghers such as merchants and ship's captains constituted the leading non-noble class in the kingdom in an era that lasted until some years after the
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Jørgen Haave highlights the fact that many patrician families were of foreign, usually Danish or North German, origin, and that they maintained a strong separate identity.
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which formed a close-knit "aristocracy of officials;" the two groups often intermarried. The most prominent members of the old elite in the Skien area were descended from
403:, who became a major sawmill owner and timber merchant in the 16th century. The patricians of Telemark formed a distinct social group until the 19th century; a letter
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in 1882 has often been quoted in this respect; in it Ibsen named "just about all the patrician families" in the area during his childhood, and mentioned the families
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The clergy are often considered as part of the civil servant group and thus the patriciate in its broad, modern, sociological sense, although the clergy
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Patriciate and so forth. These were usually relatively small circles of related families which played a dominant role in the cities or regions.
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While patriciate in itself is a quite broad term and often defined in terms of culture and values, the term mercantile patriciate (
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in older spelling) was used at least from the 19th century, based on a Danish and continental model. In
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in the cities who were often merchants or ship's captains, i.e. the non-noble upper class. Thus it corresponds to term
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in its modern, broad, generic sense, which vaguely refers to prominent families which did not belong to the
391:, the patricians from the early 17th century consisted of two intertwined main groups, the burghers in the
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used the term patriciate to describe his own family; here are his mother, grandparents and other relatives
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267:) is sometimes used with reference to those families that acquired significant fortunes through trade.
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in its oldest sense, that is to say the burghers in the cities, and the class comprising the
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were among the prominent families of the mercantile patriciate from the late 17th century.
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in the cities who were often merchants or ship's captains, i.e. the non-noble upper class.
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until 1814, even though the estates had lost their political importance after 1660.
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Some elite mercantile patrician families in Norway, especially in the cities of
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The patriciate is often referred to by city or region, for example as the
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Henrik Ibsen og Skien: En biografisk og litteratur-psykologisk studie
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in modern usage is usually taken to mean both members of the
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Christianias handelspatrisiat: En elite i 1700-tallets Norge
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and elite professions, and usually before the 20th century.
587:
Theodor Hauch-Fausbøll and H. R. Hiort-Lorenzen (eds.),
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with reference to the 19th century. The
Norwegian term
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Academics as the ruling elite in 19th century Norway
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Sofus Elvius and Hans Rudolf Hiort-Lorenzen (eds.),
310:in the 18th and 19th centuries; these included the
57:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
622:"...af stort est du kommen". Henrik Ibsen og Skien
649:John Peter Collett and Bård Frydenlund (eds.),
206:thus largely corresponds to the English term
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718:, Oslo, Gyldendal Norsk Forlag, 1949, p. 16
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669:Egil Børre Johnsen, Trond Berg Eriksen,
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673:, Universitetsforlaget, 1998, s. 322
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671:Norsk litteraturhistorie: 1750-1920
653:, Andresen & Butenschøn, 2008,
293:, acquired great fortunes through
166:forming one of the two privileged
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602:Danske patricierslægter: ny række
440:in the context of Ibsen studies.
348:formed one of the two privileged
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395:area and the civil servants in
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745:Stereotypes of the upper class
702:Nygaard (2013) p. 68 and p. 74
221:In Norwegian, the native term
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493:Patrician (post-Roman Europe)
448:In Christiania, the families
275:From the 17th century, a new
18:Eastern Norwegian patriciate
214:, typically members of the
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688:Historical Social Research
600:Wilhelm von Antoniewitz,
576:Danske Patriciske Slægter
539:, Museumsforlaget, 2017,
235:Danske Patriciske Slægter
626:Centre for Ibsen Studies
488:Aristocracy of officials
196:aristocracy of officials
690:33 (2008), 2, pp. 21–41
308:Dano-Norwegian nobility
243:Danske patricierslægter
178:In Norwegian, the term
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66:"Norwegian patriciate"
604:, 2. vols., 1956–1979
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194:, also known as the "
735:Patriciate of Norway
682:Myhre, Jan Eivind, "
620:Jon Nygaard (2013).
350:estates of the realm
168:estates of the realm
131:Norwegian patriciate
51:improve this article
503:Habitus (sociology)
589:Patriciske Slægter
578:, Copenhagen, 1891
483:Norwegian nobility
401:Jørgen von Ansbach
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239:Patriciske Slægter
564:978-82-3210-334-8
498:Bildungsbürgertum
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49:Please help
44:verification
41:
471:Tanche/Tank
466:Mecklenburg
437:Løvenskiold
362:Christiania
312:Løvenskiold
216:bourgeoisie
184:bourgeoisie
174:Terminology
729:Categories
514:References
297:trade and
208:patriciate
204:borgerskap
180:borgerskap
156:patriciate
135:borgerskap
77:newspapers
407:wrote to
356:By region
277:bourgeois
231:patriciat
227:patriciat
223:patrisiat
139:patrisiat
107:June 2022
477:See also
425:Cappelen
389:Telemark
372:Telemark
320:Treschow
299:shipping
258:burghers
254:Telemark
212:nobility
190:and the
152:burghers
141:) was a
450:Collett
417:Plesner
346:de jure
271:History
237:(later
164:de jure
91:scholar
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295:timber
188:clergy
161:clergy
147:Norway
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460:Other
454:Anker
393:Skien
366:Skien
316:Anker
98:JSTOR
84:books
655:ISBN
630:ISBN
560:ISBN
541:ISBN
452:and
435:and
433:Aall
429:Blom
427:and
413:Paus
332:1812
330:and
328:1778
324:1739
318:and
241:and
129:The
70:news
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387:In
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137:or
53:by
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