727:
clutch at this time, females will instead store sperm until the spring months for use. Males will follow the pheromone trails left behind by females on the move. Some females have been observed traveling past viable nesting conditions in order to reach communal nesting sites. Eggs might be laid in small soil depressions, mammal burrows, or under rocks depending on the region. The female may even dig the burrow herself, often choosing open and grassy areas with few herbs or shrubs because these areas get more sunlight, because the warm temperatures it provides are needed for the proper development of the eggs. The females, which lay 8–40 eggs (average about 25) in June or early July, do not take care of the eggs or young. The eggs, which measure about 33 mm × 23 mm (
579:
544:
813:(Year assessed: 2007). However, it is a species of increasing conservation concern, especially in the northeastern part of its range. Of the five states in the northeast U.S. where the eastern hognose snake occurs, it currently has "listed" conservation status in four (Connecticut, New Hampshire, New York, and Rhode Island). Noted declines are believed to be the result of direct anthropogenic pressures including habitat loss and fragmentation, road mortality,
868:
834:
86:
535:). At the northern end of their range, they have been found to prefer developed lands as their desired habitat followed by mixed forests dominated by hemlock trees. Based on a study in Canada, the average home range size is about 40 hectares. Their habitats include southeastern and midwestern woodlands, tall-grassland prairies, and grassy or cultivated fields along woodland edges. Their habitat range tends to increase with grass and leaf litter.
560:
853:
883:
741: in × 1 in), hatch after about 60 days, from late July to September. The hatchlings are about 16.5–21 cm (6.5–8.3 in) long. They have an average nest temperature of 23–26 °C (73–79 °F) incubating for an average of 49–63 days. Some parental care is shown by the female such as nest and young guarding through hissing and chasing. Typically, males reach maturity at about 40 cm (16 in)
31:
61:
552:
571:
641:
begins late
September–October whereas in southern climates, the snake might not retreat until November. There have been some recorded to still be active between December–February in Florida and along the Gulf Coast. If the temperature reaches or drops below 19 degrees Celsius, hibernation will begin for the snake. This
793:
The hognose snake is an intermediate level reptile to keep and lives between 10-15 years in captivity. Typically, mice and rats are used to feed most snakes in captivity. With hognose being a toad specialist species, it can be tricky to get them to eat frozen thawed mice. Scenting the food with toad
784:
Humans cause pollution and pesticide poisoning, habitat destruction, vehicular deaths, and intentionally hunt the snake. Further studies have shown that other effects humans have on the mortality of H. platirhinos come from roads. Laura E. Robson and
Gabriel Blouin-Demers conducted a study and found
492:
that are recognized as being valid. This species prefers habitats with sandy soils and a combination of grass fields and forest edges. They come in many different colorations and have the identifiable upturned "snout". They can be found in captivity but are a relatively difficult species to keep due
821:
may be due to eastern hognose snakes having a reluctance to cross paved roads. In the
Eastern United States, pitch pine-scrub oak barrens are an imperiled disturbance-dependent community that has declined substantially due to wildfires that have threatened invertebrates such as the eastern hognose
510:
has a wide geographical range from the central United States to the east coast. In the northern parts of the range, it can be found in southern
Ontario, southern New Hampshire, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. Going west the snake can be found in Texas and Kansas. The southern part of the range then goes
640:
species. It is typically most active during April–September after coming out of hibernation. Because there is such a wide range the snake is found there is variation in the population's climates which can cause the period of activity to change. In northern climates, hibernation comes earlier and
726:
Eastern hognose snakes mate in early April and May. Both the male and female snakes are known to have multiple mates during this season. The act of copulation can last for up to 3 days. Occasionally, a second breeding period occurs around
September and October. Rather than fertilizing a new egg
1406:
624:, it can be blotched, checkered, or patternless. The belly tends to be a solid gray, yellow, or cream-colored. In this species the underside of the tail is lighter than the belly. The most distinguishing feature is the upturned snout, used for digging in sandy soils. The average adult
1785:
1235:
794:
or lizard is a trick used amongst hobbyists to entice the snake. Being a solitary species, snakes are kept individually unless it is for intentional breeding. Due to their burrowing nature, hognose snakes require suitable substrate depth to retain this natural instinct.
527:, the Eastern Hognose Snake prefers dry conditions with loose soil for burrowing purposes. These loose soils are preferable habitat components for nesting and egg laying. Barrier beach and dune ecosystems appear to contain some of the highest densities of
645:
period takes place alone in burrows either dug by the snake or already made mammal burrows. To burrow, a snake forces its head into the soil then moves its head back and forth. For hibernation, these burrows will reach depths of 25 centimeters or more.
619:
meaning "snout". This species of snake is described as being quite stout-bodied. The color pattern of this snake is extremely variable. It can be red, green, orange, brown, gray to black, or any combination thereof depending on locality.
658:. It also hisses and will strike with its mouth closed, but it does not attempt to bite— a behavior known as "bluffing". The result can be likened to a high speed head-butt. If this threat display does not work to deter a would-be
710:. At the rear of each upper jaw, it has enlarged teeth, which are neither hollow nor grooved, with which it punctures and deflates toads to be able to swallow them whole. It will also consume other amphibians, such as
1308:
Goulet; Litvaitis, J.A; Marchand, M.N (2015). "Habitat
Associations of the Eastern Hognose Snake at the Northern Edge of its Geographic Distribution: Should a Remnant Population Guide Restoration?".
1969:
2134:; Scott, D.E.; Ryan, T.J.; Buhlmann, K.A.; Tuberville, T.D.; Metts, B.S.; Greene, J.L.; Mills, T.; Leiden, Y.; Poppy, S.; Winne, C.T. (2000). "The global decline of reptiles, déjà vu amphibians".
2099:
NEPARC (2010). Northeast amphibian and reptile species of regional responsibility and conservation concern. Northeast
Partners in Amphibian and Reptile Conservation (NEPARC) Publication 2010-1.
718:. Like all other snakes, they eat their prey whole. Because it is a toad feeding specialist, its venom is adapted to be effective against toads and has not been found to be harmful to humans.
768:. Bitten humans who are allergic to the saliva have been known to experience local swelling, burning, discoloration, and bleeding from the wounds, but no human deaths have been documented.
785:
that the
Eastern hognose snake avoids crossing paved roads, increasing the isolation of populations. The snakes will cross unpaved roads but face higher mortality from vehicle collisions.
2616:
2563:
776:
There are many predators of the
Eastern hognose snake. These include: tarantulas, other snakes, crows, red-tailed hawks, barred owls, raccoons, Virginia opossums, foxes, and humans.
1933:
Young, Robert (July 1992). "Effects of
Duvernoy's Gland Secretions From the Eastern Hognose Snake, Heterodon Platirhinos, on Smooth Muscle and Neuromuscular Junction".
628:
measures 71 cm (28 in) in total length (including tail), with females being larger than males. The maximum recorded total length is 116 cm (46 in).
2626:
2631:
674:. One individual was observed playing dead for 45 minutes before reanimating and moving away. This death-feigning behavior was also observed often in water habitats.
2537:
2454:
2276:
212:
499:
species, they have a distinctive threat reaction of first bluffing by striking with a closed mouth and then pretending to die if this fails to deter the threat.
2506:
1371:
Buchanan, Scott W.; Timm, Brad C.; Cook, Robert P.; Couse, Richard; Hazard, Lisa C. (2017). "Spatial Ecology and Habitat Selection of Eastern Hognose Snakes".
2596:
2621:
484:
prey and is harmless to humans. However, some people may have an allergic reaction, and experience local swelling and other symptoms. The species is
2428:
2200:
Akresh, M. E.; King, D. I.; Timm, B. C.; Brooks, R. T. (2017). "Fuels Management and Habitat Restoration Activities Benefit Eastern Hognose Snakes (
1750:
Cooper, William E.; Secor, Stephen (2007). "Strong Response to Anuran Chemical Cues by an Extreme Dietary Specialist, the Eastern Hog-Nosed Snake (
2467:
992:
2606:
1277:
Buchanan, S. W.; Timm, B. C.; Cook, R. P.; Couse, R.; Hazard, L. C. (2016). "Surface Activity and Body Temperature of Eastern Hognose Snakes (
2532:
2636:
760:
means "different tooth", which refers to the enlarged teeth at the rear of the upper jaw. These teeth inject a mild amphibian-specific
292:
1597:
1512:
1355:
1066:
2008:
745:
which can take up to 18-24 months. Females, however, reach maturity at about 45 cm (18 in) SVL, taking up to 21 months.
867:
882:
1737:
Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume II., Containing the Conclusion of the Colubridæ Aglyphæ
833:
2472:
984:
962:
280:
2611:
2234:
1469:
1214:
Notes on the eastern hognose snake, Heterodon platyrhinos Latreille (Squamata: Colubridae), on a Virginia barrier island
386:
1500:
1430:"Insular dwarfism in female Eastern Hog-nosed Snakes ( Heterodon platirhinos ; Dipsadidae) on a barrier island"
85:
654:
When the eastern hognose snake is threatened, the neck is flattened and the head is raised off the ground, like a
578:
2511:
2380:
2270:
814:
216:
206:
2147:
1911:
1805:
1255:
2110:
852:
807:
543:
252:
1212:
914:
1728:
605:
321:
276:
2066:
Therres, GD (1999). "Wildlife species of regional conservation concern in the northeastern United States".
2342:
1894:
Cunnington, Glenn M.; Cebek, Joseph E. (2005). "Mating and Nesting Behavior of the Eastern Hognose Snake (
1828:
1616:
2281:
Histoire naturelle des reptiles, avec figures dessinées d'apres nature; Tome IV. Seconde Partie. Serpens.
1016:
1012:
742:
2252:
1193:
1021:
818:
264:
190:
662:, an eastern hognose snake will often roll onto its back and play dead, going so far as to emit a foul
347:
416:
2415:
2389:
2242:
2131:
1620:
1380:
2257:
North American Herpetology; or, A Description of the Reptiles Inhabiting the United States. Vol. IV.
2163:"Eastern Hognose Snakes ( Heterodon platirhinos ) Avoid Crossing Paved Roads, but Not Unpaved Roads"
511:
down into southern Florida. Populations start to dwindle as the species reaches the northern range.
2245:. New York and London: D. Appleton-Century. Frontispiece map + viii + 163 pp. + Plates A-C, 1-32. (
1130:
765:
433:
403:
50:
2498:
1970:"Eastern Hognose Snakes (Heterodon platirhinos) Avoid Crossing Paved Roads, but Not Unpaved Roads"
2601:
1915:
1809:
1710:
1659:
1325:
1259:
941:
334:
225:
80:
2239:
What Snake Is That? A Field Guide to the Snakes of the United States East of the Rocky Mountains
300:
2459:
2545:
2402:
2394:
2309:
2182:
1989:
1950:
1876:
1702:
1593:
1508:
1496:
1449:
1351:
1102:
1062:
390:
1474:
A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America, Second Edition
2573:
2558:
2550:
2213:
2174:
2143:
1981:
1942:
1907:
1868:
1801:
1763:
1694:
1441:
1429:
1388:
1317:
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1251:
936:
621:
559:
474:
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2330:
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2032:
467:
41:
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1852:
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prefers upland sandy pine-forests, old-fields and forest edges. Like most of the genus
296:
30:
2590:
2480:
2038:
1946:
1857:) choose nest sites that produce offspring with phenotypes likely to improve fitness"
1577:
1153:
927:
918:
810:
695:
360:
70:
65:
2314:
Reptiles and Amphibians: A Guide to Familiar American Species: A Golden Nature Guide
1813:
1329:
1263:
2407:
2051:
Klemens, MW (1993). "Amphibians and Reptiles of Connecticut and Adjacent Regions".
1189:): habitat selection, home range size, and the effect of roads on movement patterns
2162:
1537:
1197:
2493:
2441:
2374:
642:
429:
373:
2365:
1183:
715:
683:
637:
551:
489:
477:
157:
2186:
1993:
1880:
1739:. London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). pp. 154–156.
1706:
1453:
699:
691:
659:
495:
481:
167:
97:
1954:
1445:
2524:
2359:
1321:
1139:
The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Reptiles and Amphibians
756:
is a mildly venomous species where the effects are not deadly to humans.
485:
137:
117:
968:
2433:
1919:
1714:
1678:
1663:
1643:
1392:
892:
703:
460:
127:
2178:
1985:
1872:
1592:(Third ed.). San Francisco: W.H. Freeman. pp. 167, 328–329.
570:
2446:
2009:""The Natural History and Captive Care of the Eastern Hognose Snake""
707:
667:
107:
2336:
2081:
Seburn, D (2009). "Recovery strategy for the eastern hognose snake (
1767:
1698:
2217:
1350:(Revised ed.). Lanham, MD: Lone Star Books. pp. 356–359.
1294:
2298:. New York: Ronald Press. viii + 185 pp. ("The Hog-Nosed Snake", "
2115:) at Cape Cod National Seashore, Barnstable County, Massachusetts"
761:
671:
655:
590:
577:
569:
558:
550:
542:
470:
464:
147:
2420:
843:
711:
687:
663:
2340:
1346:
Tennant, Alan; Salmon, Gerard T.; King, Dr. Richard B. (2003).
694:
toads secrete. This immunity is thought to come from enlarged
531:
because of abundant prey (primarily anurans from the genera
2249:, pp. 39–40 + Plate 4, Figure 11; Plate 5, Figure 13).
2148:
10.1641/0006-3568(2000)050[0653:TGDORD]2.0.CO;2
1968:
Robson, Laura E.; Blouin-Demers, Gabriel (September 2013).
1912:
10.1674/0003-0031(2005)154[0474:MANBOT]2.0.CO;2
1806:
10.1674/0003-0031(2005)154[0474:MANBOT]2.0.CO;2
1786:"Mating and nesting behavior of the eastern hognose snake (
1256:
10.1674/0003-0031(2005)154[0474:MANBOT]2.0.CO;2
1236:"Mating and nesting behavior of the eastern hognose snake (
2292:
Boy's Book of Snakes: How to Recognize and Understand Them
2053:
State Geological and Natural History Survey of Connecticut
1830:
Home Range and Spatial Ecology of Eastern Hognose Snakes (
1505:
Reptiles of North America: A Guide to Field Identification
764:
into prey. The fangs receive the venom from the snake's
2294:. A volume of the Humanizing Science Series, edited by
2161:
Robson, Laura E.; Blouin-Demers, Gabriel (2013-09-27).
1234:
Cunnington, Glenn M.; Cebek, Joseph E. (October 2005).
1611:
1609:
1492:
1490:
1281:) at Cape Cod National Seashore, Massachusetts USA".
1644:"The Natural History of the Hog-Nosed Snakes, Genus
1629:
Field Book of Snakes of the United States and Canada
2349:
1851:Peet-Paré, C.A.; Blouin-Demers, G. (October 2012).
1631:. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons. pp. 115–118.
1154:"Spatial Ecology of the Eastern Hog-Nosed Snake (
1840:. Intern report, Brookhaven National Laboratory.
1428:Vanek, John P.; Burke, Russell L. (March 2020).
2617:Fauna of the Great Lakes region (North America)
1784:Cunnington, Glenn M.; Cebek, Joseph E. (2005).
1568:
1566:
1185:The spatial ecology of Eastern Hognose Snakes (
1103:"Heterodon platirhinos (Eastern Hognose Snake)"
682:The eastern hognose snake feeds extensively on
493:to a specialized diet of toads. As with other
1531:
1529:
1465:
1463:
806:, is classified as Least Concern (LC) on the
8:
2287:, new species, pp. 32–37). (in French).
942:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2007.RLTS.T63820A12718733.en
1779:
1777:
1476:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. 429 pp. (Genus
1019:(1966). "The distribution and dispersal of
2337:
1229:
1227:
1027:Journal of the Ohio Herpetological Society
59:
29:
20:
2316:. New York: Simon and Schuster. 160 pp. (
2204:) in a Disturbance-Dependent Ecosystem".
1898:) in the Northern Portion of Its Range".
1158:) at the Northeastern Limit of Its Range"
1152:Vanek, John P.; Wasko, Dennis K. (2017).
1141:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. p. 744.
1057:Ernst, Carl H.; Ernst, Evelyn M. (2003).
940:
817:, and intentional killing. Some of this
1177:
1175:
2627:Fauna of the Southeastern United States
2111:"Ecology of the Eastern Hognose Snake (
1790:) in the northern portion of its range"
1679:"Behavior of an Eastern Hognose Snake,
1538:"Natural History of the Hognose Snakes
1240:) in the northern portion of its range"
1162:Herpetological Conservation and Biology
1061:. Smithsonian Books. pp. 146–150.
993:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
906:
829:
706:to counteract the toads' powerful skin
480:. The venom is specifically adapted to
1341:
1339:
1059:Snakes of the United States and Canada
979:
977:
2267:, pp. 62–70, Plates XVI.- XVII).
1096:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1038:
7:
2632:Taxa named by Pierre André Latreille
1484:, pp. 168-170 + Plate 25 + Map 130).
686:, and has a particular fondness for
2597:IUCN Red List least concern species
2087:Species at Risk Act Recovery Series
928:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
690:. This snake has resistance to the
670:and let its tongue hang out of its
312:— A.M.C. Duméril & Bibron, 1854
2622:Fauna of the Eastern United States
2333:, Reptiles and Amphibians of Iowa.
2259:Philadelphia: J. Dobson. 138 pp. (
1853:"Female Eastern Hog-nosed Snakes (
1507:. New York: Golden Press. 240 pp.
1373:The Journal of Wildlife Management
14:
2007:Spinner, Leo (October 23, 2015).
1553:University of Kansas Publications
1409:. Virginia Herpetological Society
574:Cape Cod, Massachusetts, specimen
1192:(Thesis). University of Ottawa.
1182:Robson, Laura Elizabeth (2011).
881:
866:
851:
832:
611:is derived from the Greek words
596:is derived from the Greek words
84:
1900:The American Midland Naturalist
1794:The American Midland Naturalist
1244:The American Midland Naturalist
488:to North America. There are no
2237:, and William Bridges (1939).
811:Red List of Threatened Species
1:
2607:Reptiles of the United States
2279:, and P.A. Latreille (1801).
2120:. Montclair State University.
2041:. Accessed 14 September 2007.
971:. Accessed 14 September 2007.
969:Reptarium.cz Reptile Database
243:Sonnini & Latreille, 1801
1947:10.1016/0041-0101(92)90013-U
615:meaning "broad or flat" and
1861:Canadian Journal of Zoology
1756:Canadian Journal of Zoology
1590:Introduction to Herpetology
1434:Canadian Journal of Zoology
1220:(1st ed.). Brimleyana.
368:Heterodon contortrix browni
2655:
2637:Reptiles described in 1801
2283:Paris: Crapelet. 410 pp. (
1677:Munyer, Edward A. (1967).
2290:Morris, Percy A. (1948).
1407:"Eastern Hog-nosed Snake"
815:environmental degradation
636:The Eastern hognose is a
539:Description and etymology
231:
224:
196:
189:
81:Scientific classification
79:
57:
48:
37:
28:
23:
2302:", pp. 52–57, 179).
2109:Buchanan, Scott (2012).
1642:Edgren, Richard (1955).
600:meaning "different" and
519:Studies have shown that
38:Eastern hog-nosed snake
2538:eastern-hog-nosed-snake
2241:. With 108 drawings by
1348:Snakes of North America
1310:Northeastern Naturalist
563:Closeup of the head of
547:North Carolina specimen
451:eastern hog-nosed snake
2206:Journal of Herpetology
1536:Platt, Dwight (1969).
1283:Journal of Herpetology
586:
575:
567:
556:
548:
24:Eastern hognose snake
2395:Heterodon_platirhinos
2381:Heterodon platirhinos
2351:Heterodon platirhinos
2331:Eastern Hognose Snake
2300:Heterodon platyrhinos
2285:Heterodon platirhinos
2261:Heterodon platirhinos
2202:Heterodon platirhinos
2113:Heterodon platirhinos
2083:Heterodon platirhinos
2034:Heterodon platirhinos
1896:Heterodon platirhinos
1855:Heterodon platirhinos
1832:Heterodon platirhinos
1788:Heterodon platirhinos
1752:Heterodon platirhinos
1733:Heterodon platyrhinus
1681:Heterodon platyrhinos
1540:Heterodon platyrhinos
1521:Heterodon platyrhinos
1482:Heterodon platyrhinos
1446:10.1139/cjz-2019-0137
1279:Heterodon platirhinos
1238:Heterodon platirhinos
1187:Heterodon platirhinos
1156:Heterodon platirhinos
1135:Heterodon platyrhinos
1022:Heterodon platyrhinos
987:Heterodon platirhinos
964:Heterodon platirhinos
935:: e.T63820A12718733.
921:Heterodon platirhinos
819:habitat fragmentation
754:Heterodon platirhinos
604:meaning "tooth". The
581:
573:
562:
554:
546:
529:Heterodon platirhinos
456:Heterodon platirhinos
424:Heterodon platirhinos
411:Heterodon platyrhinos
398:Heterodon platirhinos
381:Heterodon platirhinos
288:Heterodon platyrhinus
272:Heterodon platyrhinos
235:Heterodon platirhinos
200:Heterodon platirhinos
2320:, pp. 81, 156).
2318:Heterodon contortrix
2263:, including synonym
2247:Heterodon contortrix
1827:Finn, Wendy (2005).
1625:Heterodon contortrix
1322:10.1656/045.022.0309
1107:Animal Diversity Web
355:Heterodon contortrix
342:Heterodon contortrix
329:Heterodon contortrix
2612:Reptiles of Ontario
1385:2017JWMan..81..509B
876:dark color pattern.
798:Conservation status
182:H. platirhinos
51:Conservation status
2068:Northeast Wildlife
1393:10.1002/jwmg.21218
1025:in Pennsylvania".
650:Defensive behavior
587:
576:
568:
557:
549:
40:(southern Georgia
2584:
2583:
2546:Open Tree of Life
2343:Taxon identifiers
2179:10.1643/CE-12-033
1986:10.1643/CE-12-033
1873:10.1139/z2012-091
1867:(10): 1215–1220.
1544:Heterodon nasicus
702:large amounts of
447:
446:
420:
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338:
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313:
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248:Coluber heterodon
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1613:
1604:
1603:
1570:
1561:
1560:
1550:
1533:
1524:
1501:E.D. Brodie, Jr.
1494:
1485:
1467:
1458:
1457:
1425:
1419:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1403:
1397:
1396:
1368:
1362:
1361:
1343:
1334:
1333:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1274:
1268:
1267:
1231:
1222:
1221:
1219:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1179:
1170:
1169:
1149:
1143:
1142:
1123:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1113:
1098:
1073:
1072:
1054:
1033:
1013:McCoy, C.J., Jr.
1010:
1004:
1003:
1001:
999:
981:
972:
960:
954:
953:
951:
949:
944:
911:
885:
870:
855:
836:
766:Duvernoy's gland
740:
739:
735:
732:
555:Florida specimen
503:Geographic range
441:
414:
401:
384:
371:
358:
345:
332:
320:
317:Heterodon browni
311:
291:
275:
263:
251:
238:
202:
89:
88:
68:
63:
62:
33:
21:
16:Species of snake
2654:
2653:
2647:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2642:
2641:
2587:
2586:
2585:
2580:
2572:
2570:
2562:
2557:
2549:
2544:
2536:
2531:
2523:
2520:Observation.org
2518:
2510:
2505:
2497:
2492:
2484:
2479:
2471:
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2432:
2427:
2419:
2414:
2406:
2401:
2393:
2388:
2379:
2378:
2373:
2364:
2363:
2358:
2345:
2327:
2296:Jacques Cattell
2271:Latreille, P.A.
2265:Heterodon niger
2231:
2229:Further reading
2226:
2225:
2199:
2198:
2194:
2160:
2159:
2155:
2130:
2129:
2125:
2117:
2108:
2107:
2103:
2098:
2094:
2080:
2079:
2075:
2065:
2064:
2060:
2050:
2049:
2045:
2031:
2027:
2017:
2015:
2006:
2005:
2001:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1932:
1931:
1927:
1893:
1892:
1888:
1850:
1849:
1845:
1837:
1826:
1825:
1821:
1783:
1782:
1775:
1768:10.1139/z07-041
1749:
1748:
1744:
1729:Boulenger, G.A.
1727:
1726:
1722:
1699:10.2307/1442248
1676:
1675:
1671:
1641:
1640:
1636:
1615:
1614:
1607:
1600:
1572:
1571:
1564:
1548:
1535:
1534:
1527:
1523:, pp. 164-167).
1495:
1488:
1468:
1461:
1427:
1426:
1422:
1412:
1410:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1370:
1369:
1365:
1358:
1345:
1344:
1337:
1307:
1306:
1302:
1276:
1275:
1271:
1233:
1232:
1225:
1217:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1181:
1180:
1173:
1151:
1150:
1146:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1111:
1109:
1101:Jessee, Renee.
1100:
1099:
1076:
1069:
1056:
1055:
1036:
1011:
1007:
997:
995:
983:
982:
975:
961:
957:
947:
945:
915:Hammerson, G.A.
913:
912:
908:
903:
896:
886:
877:
871:
862:
856:
847:
837:
828:
800:
791:
782:
774:
751:
737:
733:
730:
728:
724:
680:
652:
634:
541:
517:
505:
427:
426:
413:
400:
383:
370:
357:
344:
331:
319:
310:
308:Heterodon niger
290:
274:
262:
260:Heterodon niger
250:
237:
220:
204:
198:
185:
83:
75:
64:
60:
53:
39:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2652:
2651:
2648:
2640:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2589:
2588:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2578:
2568:
2555:
2542:
2529:
2516:
2503:
2490:
2477:
2464:
2451:
2438:
2425:
2412:
2399:
2386:
2371:
2355:
2353:
2347:
2346:
2341:
2335:
2334:
2326:
2325:External links
2323:
2322:
2321:
2303:
2288:
2268:
2253:Holbrook, J.E.
2250:
2243:Edmond Malnate
2230:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2218:10.1670/16-049
2212:(4): 468–476.
2192:
2173:(3): 507–511.
2153:
2142:(8): 653–666.
2123:
2101:
2092:
2085:) in Canada".
2073:
2058:
2043:
2025:
1999:
1980:(3): 507–511.
1960:
1941:(7): 775–779.
1925:
1906:(2): 474–478.
1886:
1843:
1819:
1800:(2): 474–478.
1773:
1762:(5): 619–625.
1742:
1720:
1693:(3): 668–670.
1669:
1658:(2): 105–117.
1634:
1605:
1598:
1562:
1525:
1486:
1459:
1440:(3): 157–164.
1420:
1398:
1379:(3): 509–520.
1363:
1356:
1335:
1316:(3): 530–540.
1300:
1295:10.1670/13-212
1269:
1250:(2): 474–478.
1223:
1211:Scott, David.
1203:
1171:
1144:
1118:
1074:
1067:
1034:
1017:A.V. Bianculli
1005:
973:
955:
905:
904:
902:
899:
898:
897:
889:H. platirhinos
887:
880:
878:
874:H. platirhinos
872:
865:
863:
859:H. platirhinos
857:
850:
848:
840:H. platirhinos
838:
831:
827:
824:
804:H. platirhinos
802:This species,
799:
796:
790:
787:
781:
778:
773:
770:
750:
747:
723:
720:
696:adrenal glands
679:
676:
651:
648:
633:
630:
626:H. platirhinos
583:H. platirhinos
565:H. platirhinos
540:
537:
521:H. platirhinos
516:
513:
508:H. platirhinos
504:
501:
445:
444:
443:
442:
421:
408:
395:
378:
365:
352:
339:
326:
314:
305:
301:A.H.A. Duméril
293:A.M.C. Duméril
285:
269:
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95:
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90:
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58:
55:
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35:
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26:
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15:
13:
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4:
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2:
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2387:
2382:
2376:
2372:
2367:
2361:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2339:
2332:
2329:
2328:
2324:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2304:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2277:Sonnini, C.S.
2275:
2272:
2269:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2251:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2235:Conant, Roger
2233:
2232:
2228:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2196:
2193:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2157:
2154:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2132:Gibbons, J.W.
2127:
2124:
2116:
2114:
2105:
2102:
2096:
2093:
2088:
2084:
2077:
2074:
2069:
2062:
2059:
2054:
2047:
2044:
2040:
2039:IUCN Red List
2036:
2035:
2029:
2026:
2014:
2010:
2003:
2000:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1964:
1961:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1929:
1926:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1890:
1887:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1856:
1847:
1844:
1836:
1835:
1831:
1823:
1820:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1789:
1780:
1778:
1774:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1746:
1743:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1724:
1721:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1682:
1673:
1670:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1652:Herpetologica
1649:
1647:
1638:
1635:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1617:Schmidt, K.P.
1612:
1610:
1606:
1601:
1599:0-7167-0020-4
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1569:
1567:
1563:
1559:(4): 253–420.
1558:
1554:
1547:
1545:
1541:
1532:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1513:0-307-13666-3
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1493:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1466:
1464:
1460:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1424:
1421:
1408:
1402:
1399:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1367:
1364:
1359:
1357:1-58907-003-8
1353:
1349:
1342:
1340:
1336:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1304:
1301:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1273:
1270:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1239:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1216:
1215:
1207:
1204:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1190:
1186:
1178:
1176:
1172:
1168:(1): 109–118.
1167:
1163:
1159:
1157:
1148:
1145:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1122:
1119:
1108:
1104:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1070:
1068:1-58834-019-8
1064:
1060:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1035:
1032:(4): 153-158.
1031:
1028:
1024:
1023:
1018:
1014:
1009:
1006:
994:
990:
988:
980:
978:
974:
970:
966:
965:
959:
956:
943:
938:
934:
930:
929:
924:
922:
916:
910:
907:
900:
895:orange grove.
894:
890:
884:
879:
875:
869:
864:
860:
854:
849:
845:
841:
835:
830:
825:
823:
820:
816:
812:
809:
805:
797:
795:
788:
786:
779:
777:
771:
769:
767:
763:
759:
755:
748:
746:
744:
721:
719:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
677:
675:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
649:
647:
644:
639:
631:
629:
627:
623:
618:
614:
610:
607:
606:specific name
603:
599:
595:
592:
585:playing dead.
584:
580:
572:
566:
561:
553:
545:
538:
536:
534:
530:
526:
522:
514:
512:
509:
502:
500:
498:
497:
491:
487:
483:
479:
476:
472:
469:
466:
462:
458:
457:
452:
439:
435:
431:
425:
422:
418:
412:
409:
405:
399:
396:
392:
388:
382:
379:
375:
369:
366:
362:
356:
353:
349:
343:
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336:
330:
327:
323:
318:
315:
309:
306:
302:
298:
294:
289:
286:
282:
278:
273:
270:
266:
261:
258:
254:
249:
246:
242:
236:
233:
232:
230:
227:
223:
218:
214:
211:
208:
203:
201:
195:
192:
191:Binomial name
188:
184:
183:
178:
175:
174:
171:
170:
166:
163:
162:
159:
156:
153:
152:
149:
146:
143:
142:
139:
136:
133:
132:
129:
126:
123:
122:
119:
116:
113:
112:
109:
106:
103:
102:
99:
96:
93:
92:
87:
82:
78:
72:
67:
66:Least Concern
56:
52:
47:
43:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
2350:
2317:
2313:
2299:
2291:
2284:
2280:
2273:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2246:
2238:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2195:
2170:
2166:
2156:
2139:
2135:
2126:
2112:
2104:
2095:
2086:
2082:
2076:
2067:
2061:
2052:
2046:
2033:
2028:
2018:November 16,
2016:. Retrieved
2012:
2002:
1977:
1973:
1963:
1938:
1934:
1928:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1889:
1864:
1860:
1854:
1846:
1833:
1829:
1822:
1797:
1793:
1787:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1745:
1736:
1732:
1723:
1690:
1686:
1680:
1672:
1655:
1651:
1645:
1637:
1628:
1624:
1589:
1585:
1556:
1552:
1543:
1539:
1520:
1519:and species
1516:
1504:
1481:
1480:and species
1477:
1473:
1437:
1433:
1423:
1411:. Retrieved
1401:
1376:
1372:
1366:
1347:
1313:
1309:
1303:
1289:(1): 17–25.
1286:
1282:
1278:
1272:
1247:
1243:
1237:
1213:
1206:
1188:
1184:
1165:
1161:
1155:
1147:
1138:
1134:
1127:Behler, J.L.
1121:
1110:. Retrieved
1106:
1058:
1029:
1026:
1020:
1008:
998:14 September
996:. Retrieved
986:
963:
958:
946:. Retrieved
932:
926:
920:
909:
888:
873:
858:
839:
803:
801:
792:
783:
780:Human impact
775:
757:
753:
752:
725:
722:Reproduction
681:
653:
635:
625:
616:
612:
608:
601:
597:
593:
591:generic name
588:
582:
564:
532:
528:
524:
520:
518:
507:
506:
494:
455:
454:
450:
448:
423:
410:
397:
380:
367:
354:
341:
328:
316:
307:
287:
271:
259:
247:
240:
234:
209:
199:
197:
181:
180:
168:
18:
2564:platirhinos
2494:NatureServe
2442:iNaturalist
2375:Wikispecies
1683:, in Water"
1648:: A Review"
1621:Davis, D.D.
1497:Smith, H.M.
948:19 November
716:salamanders
643:hibernation
609:platirhinos
468:rear-fanged
434:K. Williams
2591:Categories
2310:H.M. Smith
2136:BioScience
1578:Goin, O.B.
1574:Goin, C.J.
1470:Conant, R.
1198:1355765570
1131:King, F.W.
1112:2023-10-18
901:References
684:amphibians
490:subspecies
478:Colubridae
463:of mildly
335:M.J. Allen
239:Latreille
158:Colubridae
144:Suborder:
2602:Heterodon
2306:Zim, H.S.
2187:0045-8511
1994:0045-8511
1881:0008-4301
1731:(1894). "
1707:0045-8511
1646:Heterodon
1623:(1941). "
1586:Heterodon
1584:(1978). "
1582:Zug, G.R.
1517:Heterodon
1515:. (Genus
1478:Heterodon
1454:0008-4301
1413:April 14,
1133:(1979). "
842:eating a
789:Captivity
772:Predators
758:Heterodon
666:from its
594:Heterodon
525:Heterodon
496:Heterodon
482:amphibian
322:Stejneger
217:Latreille
207:Latreille
176:Species:
169:Heterodon
148:Serpentes
104:Kingdom:
98:Eukaryota
2499:2.106140
2460:11073029
2366:Q2699564
2360:Wikidata
2312:(1956).
2255:(1842).
2013:Reptiles
1814:86235429
1503:(1982).
1472:(1975).
1330:86280063
1264:86235429
1194:ProQuest
917:(2007).
704:hormones
660:predator
632:Behavior
622:Dorsally
533:Anaxyrus
465:venomous
459:), is a
265:Holbrook
226:Synonyms
154:Family:
138:Squamata
128:Reptilia
118:Chordata
114:Phylum:
108:Animalia
94:Domain:
71:IUCN 3.1
2434:5223730
2421:1056290
2037:at the
1955:1509497
1935:Toxicon
1920:3566708
1715:1442248
1664:3889972
1381:Bibcode
967:at the
893:Florida
826:Gallery
822:snake.
736:⁄
708:poisons
700:secrete
678:Feeding
638:diurnal
617:rhinos
598:heteros
515:Habitat
486:endemic
473:in the
461:species
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391:Collins
213:Sonnini
164:Genus:
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762:venom
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712:frogs
688:toads
672:mouth
656:cobra
471:snake
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2533:ODNR
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2481:IUCN
2468:ITIS
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2171:2013
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1509:ISBN
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808:IUCN
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602:odon
589:The
449:The
374:Carr
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2390:ADW
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2144:doi
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