31:
44:
347:
migrants, with 34 males averaging 945.3 g (2.084 lb) and 24 females averaging 1,222.4 g (2.695 lb). This race only has pale morphs and almost always bears a whitish ground color with little barring overall, including a variably present dark necklace, a frequently absent or much
330:
of males can range from 337 to 396 mm (13.3 to 15.6 in), averaging 370.1 mm (14.57 in), and, in females, it ranges from 370 to 427 mm (14.6 to 16.8 in), averaging 390.2 mm (15.36 in). Additionally, males and females average 215.4 and 230.1 mm (8.48 and
321:
This is a large-bodied, relatively heavy race, but differs from more westerly hawks in having a relatively smaller wing area. Based on linear dimensions, this subspecies shows the most size variation and, unlike the red-tailed hawk species overall, size variation seems to fall within
648:
The Birds of North and Middle
America: A Descriptive Catalogue of the Higher Groups, Genera, Species, and Subspecies of Birds Known to Occur in North America, from the Arctic Lands to the Isthmus of Panama, the West Indies and Other Islands of the Caribbean Sea, and the Galapagos
352:
tend to have dark spotting on leg feathers but otherwise average paler than immatures of most other races. This race includes a form from the northern stretches of its range (mostly breeding within Canada), formerly considered as
395:
705:
633:
596:
1016:
970:
698:
931:
957:
467:
691:
534:
403:
779:
426:
752:
459:
962:
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245:
and
Florida. The western limits of this race's range are slightly ambiguous and they may hybridize extensively with the
770:
975:
806:
526:
797:
43:
842:
824:
743:
246:
169:
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30:
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38:
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815:
788:
499:
370:
294:
206:
714:
190:
129:
95:
1011:
348:
reduced belly band and little to no barring on the flanks or the upper legs. Immature
1005:
612:"Ecogeographic variation in morphology of Red-tailed Hawks in western North America"
373:, as well. This plumage variation appears to be a regional adaptation to the denser
910:
254:
234:
105:
897:
886:
944:
242:
226:
331:
9.06 in) in tail length, 82.4 and 85 mm (3.24 and 3.35 in) in
344:
306:
222:
55:
446:
Hawks, Eagles, & Falcons of North
America: Biology and Natural History
880:
575:"Geographic variation in morphology of four species of migratory raptors"
310:
274:
266:
75:
936:
282:
278:
238:
949:
225:
as breeders), and is absent from all but the southernmost part of the
270:
230:
218:
194:
65:
923:
857:
558:
Handbook of North
American birds. Volume 5 Diurnal Raptors (part 2)
503:
918:
683:
611:
574:
374:
339:
length. The largest known sample of body weights from unambiguous
262:
202:
198:
115:
305:
type hawks breeding without race mixing to the western border of
336:
85:
861:
687:
400:
Sibley Guides: Identification of North
American Birds and Trees
490:
Preston, C. R. & Beane, R. D. (2009). "Red-tailed Hawk (
335:
length and 25.1 and 27.6 mm (0.99 and 1.09 in) in
241:
may range east to southern Maine and south to as far as the
326:
as northern birds average larger than southern ones. The
870:
421:(Second ed.). Knopf Doubleday (Random House).
662:Subspecies of the Red-tailed Hawk in the Northeast
573:Pearlstine, E. V., & Thompson, D. B. (2004).
664:. Federation of New York State Birds Clubs, Inc.
361:type are more heavily marked below than typical
516:
514:
512:
396:"Subspecies names in the Sibley Guide to Birds"
221:(unlike more western birds which can reach the
699:
610:Fitzpatrick, B. M. & Dunk, J. R. (1999).
8:
632:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
595:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
568:
566:
660:Dickerman, R. W., & Parkes, C. (1987).
440:
438:
858:
706:
692:
684:
265:(perhaps excluding the western sections),
29:
20:
486:
484:
646:Ridgway, R. & Friedmann, H. (1919).
552:
550:
548:
546:
521:Ferguson-Lees, J.; Christie, D. (2001).
394:Sibley, David Allen (19 December 2009).
468:United States Department of Agriculture
415:Website based on / supplement to book,
386:
229:and roughly the northern third of both
625:
588:
1017:Taxa named by Johann Friedrich Gmelin
417:Sibley, David Allen (11 March 2014).
7:
237:. Wintering migrants from southern
14:
289:may occur but give way mostly to
675:Raptors of Western North America
42:
253:) in timbered stretches of the
651:. Vol. 50, No. 8. Govt. Print.
402:. Random House. Archived from
1:
677:. Princeton University Press.
556:Palmer, R. S., ed. (1988).
193:that breeds from southeast
1033:
872:Buteo jamaicensis borealis
616:Journal of Raptor Research
579:Journal of Raptor Research
496:The Birds of North America
448:. Smithsonian Institution.
217:The race breeds below the
186:Buteo jamaicensis borealis
162:Buteo jamaicensis borealis
721:
444:Johnsgard, P. A. (1990).
419:The Sibley Guide to Birds
309:and the eastern third of
261:seems to include most of
251:Buteo jamaicensis calurus
189:) is a subspecies of the
158:
151:
39:Scientific classification
37:
28:
23:
257:. The breeding range of
24:Eastern red-tailed hawk
673:Wheeler, B. K. (2003).
247:western red-tailed hawk
181:eastern red-tailed hawk
369:seem to correspond to
984:Paleobiology Database
523:Raptors of the World
780:Mexican Highlands (
144:B. j. borealis
130:B. jamaicensis
753:Central American (
16:Subspecies of bird
999:
998:
864:Taxon identifiers
855:
854:
536:978-0-7136-8026-3
492:Buteo jamaicensis
462:Buteo jamaicensis
281:and even eastern
177:
176:
1024:
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979:
978:
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527:Christopher Helm
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476:
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458:Tesky, Julie L.
455:
449:
442:
433:
432:
414:
412:
411:
391:
359:B. j. abieticola
355:B. j. abieticola
207:northern Florida
164:
47:
46:
33:
21:
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715:Red-tailed hawk
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393:
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388:
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324:Bergmann's rule
319:
215:
191:red-tailed hawk
173:
166:
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147:
133:
96:Accipitriformes
41:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1030:
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762:Southwestern (
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504:10.2173/bna.52
480:
450:
434:
427:
385:
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382:
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367:B. j. borealis
363:B. j. borealis
350:B. j. borealis
341:B. j. borealis
318:
315:
303:B. j. borealis
299:B. j. kriderii
287:B. j. borealis
259:B. j. borealis
214:
211:
201:south through
175:
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156:
155:
153:Trinomial name
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796:
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785:
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771:Tres Marias (
769:
767:
765:
760:
758:
756:
755:costaricensis
751:
749:
747:
742:
740:
738:
733:
731:
729:
724:
723:
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629:
622:(4): 305–312.
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428:9780307957900
424:
420:
406:on 4 May 2014
405:
401:
397:
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380:
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375:boreal forest
372:
371:Gloger's rule
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351:
346:
342:
338:
334:
329:
325:
316:
314:
312:
308:
304:
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296:
295:Krider's hawk
292:
291:B. j. calurus
288:
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57:
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40:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
871:
844:
835:
827:socorroensis
826:
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772:
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745:
736:
734:
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628:cite journal
619:
615:
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591:cite journal
582:
578:
557:
522:
495:
491:
471:. Retrieved
461:
453:
445:
418:
408:. Retrieved
404:the original
399:
389:
366:
362:
358:
354:
349:
340:
320:
302:
301:), with the
298:
290:
286:
258:
255:Great Plains
250:
235:Newfoundland
216:
205:and east to
185:
184:
180:
178:
161:
159:
143:
142:
138:Subspecies:
128:
116:
106:Accipitridae
18:
945:iNaturalist
836:solitudinis
800:jamaicensis
649:Archipelago
357:. Birds of
317:Description
1006:Categories
816:Krider's (
807:Kemsiesi (
798:Jamaican (
789:Harlan's (
728:alascensis
585:: 334–342.
525:. London:
410:2014-05-04
381:References
365:and, thus
328:wing chord
243:Gulf Coast
227:Hudson Bay
223:sub-Arctic
887:Q27606540
843:Florida (
825:Socorro (
744:Western (
735:Eastern (
726:Alaskan (
345:Wisconsin
343:was from
307:Minnesota
277:. In the
124:Species:
62:Kingdom:
56:Eukaryota
881:Wikidata
845:umbrinus
818:kriderii
809:kemsiesi
782:hadropus
764:fuertesi
737:borealis
311:Manitoba
275:Nebraska
267:Oklahoma
102:Family:
76:Chordata
72:Phylum:
66:Animalia
52:Domain:
937:6178051
924:erthaw1
898:erthaw1
834:Cuban (
791:harlani
773:fumosus
746:calurus
473:10 June
293:and/or
285:, some
283:Wyoming
279:Dakotas
239:Ontario
172:, 1788)
112:Genus:
92:Order:
82:Class:
989:369426
976:223442
963:175351
950:494355
533:
425:
337:culmen
333:tarsal
271:Kansas
231:Quebec
219:Arctic
195:Canada
170:Gmelin
1012:Buteo
919:eBird
911:5G3KP
895:BOW:
263:Texas
213:Range
203:Texas
199:Maine
117:Buteo
971:NCBI
958:ITIS
932:GBIF
634:link
597:link
531:ISBN
494:)".
475:2007
423:ISBN
273:and
233:and
197:and
179:The
86:Aves
906:CoL
500:doi
1008::
986::
973::
960::
947::
934::
921::
908::
883::
630:}}
626:{{
620:33
618:.
614:.
593:}}
589:{{
583:38
581:.
577:.
565:^
545:^
529:.
511:^
498:.
483:^
466:.
437:^
398:.
377:.
313:.
269:,
209:.
847:)
838:)
829:)
820:)
811:)
802:)
793:)
784:)
775:)
766:)
757:)
748:)
739:)
730:)
707:e
700:t
693:v
636:)
599:)
560:.
539:.
506:.
502::
477:.
464:"
460:"
431:.
413:.
297:(
249:(
183:(
168:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
