691:
549:
215:
384:
237:
464:
545:, they traveled with two other men. The four came to the eastern mouth of the Royal Gorge canyon, but did not find the blockhouse built by the Pike's expedition 14 years earlier. Seven springs, named Bell's Springs (Canon City Hot Springs) by the explorers, are located at the eastern mouth of the Royal Gorge. They traveled roughly west up the gorge, but could not find a way out. Pike had had the same problem.
498:. After a month, they ended back at their camp at the mouth of the gorge. They constructed a building to hold most of their baggage. It was likely the first building constructed by white men in Fremont County. Two men stayed behind with the tired horses, while Pike and his party walked south along Grape Creek, across the
262:, spent the winters at Cañon City due to its hot springs and mild weather. Dakota Hot Springs are located between Cañon City and Penrose. Hot springs are considered sacred to the Utes. As Cañon City was settled, Utes continued to come to the area where they camped. They were on good terms with the settlers.
413:
valley, was colonized by missionaries intending to convert indigenous people and men in search of gold. The
Spanish explored into the center of North America, and extended their territory beyond present-day New Mexico and into Colorado, Oklahoma, and the southern Plains of Texas. By the 18th century,
25:
232:
spent time seasonally in the area 700 years before
Europeans appeared. They favored the mountains and visited the Arkansas Valley area during seasonal treks to the plains. Utes hunted buffalo, visited the Soda Springs, and camped nearby. They drank the spring water for its healing properties. One of
205:
used in hunting. Archaeological sites in
Fremont County, particularly around Cañon City, held evidence of Native American habitation, including portable skin tents, wooden articles, hearths, and evidence of stone tool manufacturing. Four Fremont County wilderness areas—Lower Grape Creek, Upper Grape
651:
is reported to have built the first trading post, a picket outpost, in
Fremont County along the Arkansas River about the winter of 1829. If so, it was the "first commercial establishment in the present State of Colorado". Bent is said to have hid and saved two Cheyennes being chased by Comanches at
489:
in 1806. On
December 5, 1806, Pike and his expedition set up camp at the east side of Royal Gorge. The men found hot springs in the gorge on the south side of the river on December 8. Pike wrote in his journal about a spring where he built a blockhouse of logs for his company in December that year.
436:
each year. After harvesting their crops, they returned to their villages in the south for the winter. By the 18th century, Comanches centralized south into the southern Plains, where they dominated the area. The Plains
Apaches and Utes were driven out of the southern Plains. Armed with weapons from
281:
and native tribal lands in 1845. The Santa Fe Trail paralleled the
Arkansas River for much of its route through southern Colorado. It became the dividing line between the Comanche and Kiowa, south of the river, and the Cheyenne and Arapaho north of the river. The Cheyenne had a winter camp on along
233:
the city's parks, Temple Canyon, about 30 by 70 feet (9.1 by 21.3 m), would have been accessed after a hike along Grape Creek. A legend states that
Blackfeet and Ute warriors fought at the canyon to marry a maiden. It is reportedly the site of a battle between U.S. soldiers and Ute people.
333:
by 1810. By 1835, some of the
Arapaho split off from a group that remained in norther Colorado and lived along the Arkansas River. They would meet the northern Arapaho along the South Platte River periodically and intermarry. The Kiowas moved into Colorado from the north and east around 1760,
342:
Fremont County has been a fruit-growing area of
Colorado at least since settlement during territorial days, and perhaps before than when Native Americans managed peach and apple orchards in Colorado for generations, after apples and peaches were brought to the New World by the Spanish
591:) at the Arkansas River where there was an encampment of Arapaho people with 50 to 60 lodges. Some of the Arapaho people were on a buffalo hunting expedition with the Cheyenne. Gannt rode to the plains to find them and brought several Arapaho tribal leaders to
275:
595:(on the Arkansas River in southeastern Colorado) on August 10 for a counsel with Dodge and other Native America tribal leaders. The purpose of the discussion was to ask the leaders not to fight white people and to enter into and uphold treaties.
334:
pressured south by the Arapaho and Cheyenne. About 30 years later, Kiowas and Comanches joined forces, after a period of fighting each other, and moved through Colorado across the Arkansas River and into the southern Great Plains.
350:
When European-Americans began to settle in Colorado, Native American peach orchards were destroyed by American armies to starve and displace Indigenous peoples. Following the Tabeguache Treaty in 1863, Utes were moved west of the
769:
101:
people also hunted in the area. As European American settlers established themselves, the Utes continued to come to the area and had a peaceful existence with its residents. After 1863, the Ute were pushed to the
266:
was a friend of Otto Morganstein, the first settler of Red Canyon Park, north of Cañon City. Ouray had dinners with local residents and was a friend of Richard Houle of Red Canyon.
1261:
965:
704:
brought people into Fremont County in 1859. One year later, The Cañon City Claim Club was platted. Using Native American trails, Joseph Lamb created a pack trail between
745:
486:
130:
664:, an early farming settlement and cattle ranch to support 70 people who lived in placitas enclosed within an adobe wall, from 1844 to 1845. After traveling east to
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32:, one of the longest rivers in the United States, crosses through the center of the county. In southwestern Fremont county, the river is just north of the
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690:
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trading post was established in the 1830s. From 1844 to 1845, a trading post, an early farming settlement, and cattle ranch supported 70 people at
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145:, whom the county is named after, traveled the Arkansas River area in 1844. On a survey expedition for a railroad in 1848, Frémont traveled to
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48:
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588:
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Creek, McIntyre Hills, portions of Beaver Creek—were studied for archaeological evidence of prehistoric life with negligible findings.
352:
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214:
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122:
882:
522:
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115:
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area in Fremont County. Evidence of Paleo-Indians habitation includes fire pits, animal bones, and stone tools, generally
36:. The altitude of the river descends as it moves east to the plains in eastern Fremont County. North of the river are the
441:
valley, escaping the threat of hostile Native Americans, until a military garrison was established by the United States.
542:
134:
1169:
1028:
405:
1197:
629:
499:
158:
33:
1263:
Synthetic Cultural Resource Overview of the Bureau of Land Management's Royal Gorge Field Office, Eastern Colorado
739:
453:
818:
Royal Gorge Resource Area Resource(s) Management Plan (RMP), Canon City District: Environmental Impact Statement
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602:
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515:
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317:. They moved west and met up with the Cheyenne, who left the Great Lakes area later than the Arapaho, in the
705:
538:
526:
475:
236:
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78:
518:). The treaty put the land south of the Arkansas River of present-day Fremont County in Spanish territory.
661:
621:
364:
360:
173:
150:
107:
103:
19:
1099:
Spain and the Plains : myths and realities of Spanish exploration and settlement on the Great Plains
725:
712:
in 1860 to deliver supplies to placer mines. Within a few years, a wagon road was constructed along the
510:. In 1819, a boundary line was established at the Arkansas River by the United States and Spain by the
816:
679:
665:
613:, returned the land south of the Arkansas River to the United States and present-day Fremont County.
610:
322:
263:
81:
area during the winter months at the hot springs along the Arkansas River. Plains tribes, like the
24:
1170:"USGS: Geological Survey Bulletin 707: Main line of railroad from Colorado Springs to Canon City"
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637:
437:
the French, the Comanche also dominated the Spanish on the southern Plains. The farmers left the
326:
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240:
56:
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598:
142:
463:
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1103:
1060:. Montezuma Orchard Restoration Project, Prepared for History Colorado, State Historical Fund.
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his outpost, which may have been on the north bank of the Arkansas River, west of present-day
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709:
673:
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202:
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606:
560:. This portion of the map reflects the route along the Arkansas River. Cañon City and the
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more than 10,000 years ago and left evidence of their being there. About 700 years ago,
713:
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29:
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325:, developed an alliance and moved south into eastern Colorado, traveling between the
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Unable to find their way out of the gorge, Pike and his company took a Ute trail to
729:
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529:, a multi-disciplinary scientist, set off on July 18, 1820 from the confluence of
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575:, an area mountain man and trading post operataor, served as a guide for Col.
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1082:. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. pp. 5–7, 295, 304.
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656:, near the mouth of Hardscrabble Creek. Trading posts were established at
409:, in 1598. The land extended from present-day Mexico north into the upper
846:"Inscription of First People, Explorers & Settlers Historical Marker"
306:
302:
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98:
94:
86:
1269:. Alpine Archaeological Consultants, Inc. for Bureau of Land Management.
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259:
82:
912:"Back In Time: Famous Soda Point once a hot spot for locals, visitors"
845:
966:"Hot springs in Colorado: A reborn soak spot near Colorado Springs"
802:. U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management. 1982.
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On a survey expedition for a railroad in 1848, Frémont traveled to
1102:. Niwot, Colorado: University Press of Colorado. pp. 5, 116.
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547:
462:
382:
298:
273:
235:
213:
176:. European Americans moved into Fremont County in 1859 during the
90:
1096:
Vigil, Ralph H.; Kaye, Frances W.; Wunder, John R., eds. (2007).
1145:
From trappers to tourists; Fremont County, Colorado, 1830-1950
282:
the Arkansas River on Mountain Route of the Santa Fe called
601:, sent on a series of expeditions from 1842 to 1848 by the
770:"Prehistoric Paleo-Indian Cultures of the Colorado Plains"
387:
Map of Mexico in 1824 showing the Province of Nuevo MĂ©xico
537:) and traveled northwest up the Arkansas to present-day
506:
of Colorado. They were met by some Spanish men who held
395:
claimed the area for Spain that became the frontier of
1232:. State Historical Society of Iowa. pp. 122–124.
197:(11,500 to 7,500 years ago) camped in the present-day
583:
of 1835. In late July of that year, they came to the
1198:"Boundaries and Early Exploration in Fremont County"
363:. Utes were later forcibly removed to reservations:
1030:City of Cañon City Comprehensive Plan Update 2001
799:Canon City District Wilderness Planning Amendment
605:, traversed the Arkansas River area in 1844. The
748:, which includes counties east of Fremont County
746:Early history of the Arkansas Valley in Colorado
514:(the land south and west of the border was the
309:people. By the mid-1600s, the Arapaho left the
399:. Spain established a permanent colony called
883:"Earl Meade: Ute Indians well known visitors"
8:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1119:
993:Hughes, J. Donald (Johnson Donald) (1987).
305:people—visited and hunted the area, as did
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1251:
1249:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1051:Schuenemeyer, Jude; Schuenemeyer, Adalyn.
478:that would have been seen by the explorers
418:basin and what is present-day California.
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1219:
932:
930:
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905:
903:
45:Early history of Fremont County, Colorado
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1044:
1042:
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997:. Boulder, Colo. : Pruett Pub. Co.
988:
986:
984:
982:
736:Indian Springs Trace Fossil Natural Area
695:Gold Belt Tour Scenic and Historic Byway
23:
1148:. Palmer Lake, Colorado: Filter Press.
792:
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758:
432:, was farmed by a group of people from
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193:Starting more than 10,000 years ago,
59:by European explorers and settlers.
55:, and later the establishment of the
28:Map of Fremont County, Colorado. The
7:
543:Stephen H. Long's Expedition of 1820
135:Stephen H. Long's Expedition of 1820
1292:Native American history of Colorado
910:Johnson, Brooke (August 30, 2020).
321:. The tribes, whose languages were
1142:Campbell, Rosemae (Wells) (1972).
668:, Fremont County traders took the
14:
964:Boster, Seth (October 14, 2018).
1054:Colorado's Fruit Growing History
414:the territory extended into the
367:in southwestern Colorado in the
110:in southwestern Colorado in the
1260:Greubel, Rand A. (March 2017).
1079:The North Frontier of New Spain
716:between Cañon City and Salida.
487:Arkansas River area in Colorado
373:Southern Ute Indian Reservation
365:Ute Mountain Indian Reservation
149:(near the former settlement of
131:Arkansas River area in Colorado
116:Southern Ute Indian Reservation
108:Ute Mountain Indian Reservation
995:"American Indians in Colorado"
636:. Eleven men were lost in the
1:
1297:History of Colorado by county
881:Mead, Earl (April 15, 2019).
446:Fort Massachusetts (Colorado)
393:Francisco Vázquez de Coronado
123:Francisco Vázquez de Coronado
77:began to inhabit present-day
125:claimed the area for Spain.
220:Uncompahgre Ute Indian Camp
137:, included travel from the
1313:
630:Sangre de Cristo Mountains
525:, a military officer, and
500:Sangre de Cristo Mountains
443:
289:Plains cultures—including
159:Sangre de Cristo Mountains
34:Sangre de Cristo Mountains
17:
937:Vinnola, Anne C. (2010).
742:, at Indian Springs Ranch
740:National Natural Landmark
454:List of forts in Colorado
1287:Fremont County, Colorado
603:United States government
581:First Dragoon Expedition
554:First Dragoon Expedition
533:and the Arkansas River (
516:Viceroyalty of New Spain
450:Fort Reynolds (Colorado)
406:Santa Fe de Nuevo MĂ©xico
270:Plains and Pueblo people
71:Fremont County, Colorado
1076:Gerhard, Peter (1982).
1033:. URS. 2001. p. 1.
887:Canon City Daily Record
774:www.historycolorado.org
141:to the Arkansas River.
1226:Pelzer, Louis (1911).
943:. Arcadia Publishing.
821:. 1995. pp. 2–65.
697:
569:
479:
388:
375:in southern Colorado.
286:
243:
226:
118:in southern Colorado.
41:
20:Prehistory of Colorado
726:Garden Park, Colorado
702:Pike's Peak gold rush
693:
564:are roughly south of
556:of 1835, led by Col.
551:
466:
386:
277:
239:
217:
178:Pike's Peak gold rush
133:in 1806. Part of the
67:Arkansas River Valley
27:
675:Don Fernando de Taos
611:Mexican American War
585:Rio Peñasco Amarillo
508:Pike for trespassing
439:Rio Peñasco Amarillo
426:Rio Peñasco Amarillo
323:Algonquian languages
1204:. January 30, 2017
1202:Royal Gorge Region
698:
638:San Juan Mountains
618:Hardscrabble Creek
589:Hardscrabble Creek
570:
562:Hardscrabble Creek
480:
430:Hardscrabble Creek
422:Hardscrabble Creek
391:In 1540, explorer
389:
353:Continental Divide
347:and missionaries.
327:North Platte River
287:
244:
227:
147:Hardscrabble Creek
121:In 1540, explorer
57:Colorado Territory
42:
1239:978-0-7950-1393-5
1155:978-0-910584-29-6
1109:978-0-87081-837-0
1004:978-0-87108-270-1
950:978-0-7385-8037-1
660:in the 1830s and
512:Adams–OnĂs Treaty
264:Ute chief Colorow
224:Denver Art Museum
203:projectile points
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609:, following the
535:Pueblo, Colorado
252:Uncompahgre Utes
49:Native Americans
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730:paleontological
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670:Trapper's Trail
646:
634:San Luis Valley
607:Mexican Cession
599:John C. Frémont
527:Dr. Edwin James
504:San Luis Valley
502:, and into the
496:Four Mile Creek
461:
456:
381:
371:region and the
357:Rocky Mountains
340:
313:region for the
272:
218:Charles Craig,
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191:
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163:San Luis Valley
143:John C. Frémont
114:region and the
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714:Arkansas River
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541:. Part of the
531:Fountain Creek
468:Arkansas River
460:
457:
424:The valley of
416:Colorado River
403:, also called
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339:
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331:Arkansas River
279:Santa Fe Trail
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184:Native peoples
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139:Canadian River
106:and then onto
65:came into the
51:, such as the
30:Arkansas River
18:Main article:
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682:for trading.
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485:explored the
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428:, now called
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361:Western Slope
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345:conquistadors
338:Fruit-growers
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195:Paleo-Indians
189:Paleo-Indians
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104:Western Slope
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63:Paleo-Indians
60:
58:
54:
50:
46:
39:
35:
31:
26:
21:
16:
1262:
1228:
1206:. Retrieved
1201:
1177:. Retrieved
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1164:
1144:
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1053:
1029:
1008:. Retrieved
969:. Retrieved
959:
939:
915:. Retrieved
890:. Retrieved
886:
853:. Retrieved
850:www.hmdb.org
849:
817:
798:
777:. Retrieved
773:
699:
674:
662:Hardscrabble
649:William Bent
647:
622:Hardscrabble
615:
597:
584:
571:
523:John R. Bell
520:
483:Zebulon Pike
481:
438:
434:Nuevo Mexico
433:
425:
420:
404:
401:Nuevo Mexico
400:
390:
379:Nuevo Mexico
369:Four Corners
349:
341:
315:Great Plains
288:
254:, including
250:band of the
245:
228:
219:
192:
174:Hardscrabble
167:
151:Hardscrabble
127:Zebulon Pike
120:
112:Four Corners
61:
44:
43:
15:
1229:Henry Dodge
1174:www.nps.gov
658:Fort Le Duc
644:Fur traders
593:Bent's Fort
579:during the
577:Henry Dodge
558:Henry Dodge
472:Royal Gorge
319:Black Hills
311:Great Lakes
284:Big Timbers
256:Chief Ouray
241:Chief Ouray
170:Fort Le Duc
38:Front Range
1281:Categories
940:Canon City
753:References
706:Cañon City
626:Mosca Pass
573:John Gannt
566:Pikes Peak
539:Cañon City
492:South Park
476:Cañon City
444:See also:
411:Rio Grande
248:Tabeguache
230:Ute people
210:Ute people
199:Cañon City
155:Mosca Pass
79:Cañon City
75:Ute people
53:Ute people
40:mountains.
686:Gold rush
666:El Pueblo
632:, to the
628:over the
459:Explorers
397:New Spain
161:, to the
157:over the
47:includes
720:See also
680:Santa Fe
654:Portland
521:Captain
470:through
329:and the
303:Cheyenne
295:Comanche
222:, 1893,
95:Cheyenne
87:Comanche
1208:June 6,
1179:June 6,
1010:June 5,
971:June 4,
917:June 4,
892:June 4,
855:June 3,
779:June 4,
552:Map of
359:to the
355:of the
291:Arapaho
260:Chipeta
83:Arapaho
1236:
1152:
1106:
1001:
947:
710:Salida
620:(near
494:along
452:, and
307:Pueblo
301:, and
99:Pueblo
97:, and
93:, and
1267:(PDF)
1058:(PDF)
587:(now
474:near
299:Kiowa
91:Kiowa
1234:ISBN
1210:2024
1181:2024
1150:ISBN
1104:ISBN
1012:2024
999:ISBN
973:2024
945:ISBN
919:2024
894:2024
857:2024
781:2024
738:, a
732:site
728:, a
708:and
700:The
678:and
258:and
246:The
168:The
672:to
624:),
153:),
69:of
1283::
1248:^
1218:^
1200:.
1189:^
1172:.
1118:^
1088:^
1066:^
1039:^
1020:^
981:^
927:^
902:^
885:.
865:^
848:.
827:^
808:^
789:^
772:.
761:^
640:.
448:,
297:,
293:,
180:.
165:.
89:,
85:,
1242:.
1212:.
1183:.
1158:.
1112:.
1014:.
975:.
953:.
921:.
896:.
859:.
783:.
568:.
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