53:
31:
1266:
Galewski, Thomas; Mauffrey, Jean-François; Leite, Yuri L. R.; Patton, James L.; Douzery, Emmanuel J. P. (2005). "Ecomorphological diversification among South
American spiny rats (Rodentia; Echimyidae): a phylogenetic and chronological approach".
998:
Fabre, Pierre-Henri; Upham, Nathan S.; Emmons, Louise H.; Justy, Fabienne; Leite, Yuri L. R.; Loss, Ana
Carolina; Orlando, Ludovic; Tilak, Marie-Ka; Patterson, Bruce D.; Douzery, Emmanuel J. P. (2017-03-01).
1337:
Fabre, Pierre-Henri; Galewski, Thomas; Tilak, Marie-ka; Douzery, Emmanuel J. P. (2013-03-01). "Diversification of South
American spiny rats (Echimyidae): a multigene phylogenetic approach".
1429:
Upham, Nathan S.; Patterson, Bruce D. (2015). "Evolution of
Caviomorph rodents: a complete phylogeny and timetree for living genera". In Vassallo, Aldo Ivan; Antenucci, Daniel (eds.).
966:; Leite, Yuri L. R. (2016). "Family Echimyidae (hutias, South American spiny-rats and coypu)". In Wilson, Don E.; Lacher, Thomas E. Jr; Mittermeier, Russell A. (eds.).
1302:
Upham, Nathan S.; Patterson, Bruce D. (2012). "Diversification and biogeography of the
Neotropical caviomorph lineage Octodontoidea (Rodentia: Hystricognathi)".
1440:
1372:
Fabre, Pierre-Henri; Vilstrup, Julia T.; Raghavan, Maanasa; Der
Sarkissian, Clio; Willerslev, Eske; Douzery, Emmanuel J. P.; Orlando, Ludovic (2014-07-01).
1163:
Emmons, Louise
Hickock (2005). "A revision of the genera of arboreal Echimyidae (Rodentia: Echimyidae, Echimyinae), with descriptions of two new genera".
1196:; da Silva, Maria Nazareth F. (1996). "The Simultaneous Diversification of South American Echimyid Rodents (Hystricognathi) Based on Complete Cytochrome
1462:
1139:
1096:
977:
967:
1176:
2842:
2815:
2788:
2752:
1699:
1617:
3059:
2761:
2074:
2038:
1975:
1433:. Buenos Aires: SAREM Series A, Mammalogical Research — Sociedad Argentina para el Estudio de los MamĂferos. pp. 63–120.
1168:
2806:
2797:
2770:
2047:
2029:
2020:
436:
share unique features, and these South
American bamboo rats are grouped under the informal clade name of "Dactylomyines".
1933:
1867:
1858:
1849:
1807:
1626:
1455:
1088:
2465:
2011:
1993:
1121:
2779:
2056:
1774:
1726:
1708:
1650:
1052:
532:
52:
1239:(2002). "Evolution of South American spiny rats (Rodentia, Echimyidae): the star-phylogeny hypothesis revisited".
2824:
2638:
2833:
2002:
1966:
1798:
1165:
Mammalian
Diversification: From Chromosomes to phylogeography (A Celebration of the Career of James L. Patton)
3067:
2065:
1942:
1900:
1693:
1448:
2695:
2424:
2401:
2310:
1984:
1876:
1717:
339:– the painted-tree rat – does not belong to the tribe Echimyini. Because it is phylogenetically closer to
2620:
456:
are sister group, and have often been classified within "Eumysopines", a subfamily otherwise shown to be
2574:
2442:
2287:
1374:"Rodents of the Caribbean: origin and diversification of hutias unravelled by next-generation museomics"
2433:
2369:
2351:
2328:
2942:
2933:
2647:
2497:
2098:
1816:
779:
3135:
2728:
2629:
2556:
2529:
2474:
2241:
1750:
1741:
1659:
1575:
816:
3012:
2669:
2520:
1593:
47:
3051:
2996:
2892:
2883:
2719:
3103:
2547:
2392:
2264:
1909:
1825:
1584:
1411:
1393:
1354:
1319:
1284:
1217:
1172:
1145:
1135:
1102:
1092:
1082:
1030:
1022:
973:
3028:
2611:
2538:
2319:
2159:
2150:
1401:
1385:
1346:
1311:
1276:
1248:
1209:
1012:
39:
1084:
Mammals of the
Neotropics, Volume 3: The Central Neotropics: Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil
446:
are sister group, reflecting the fact that the latter genus has been split from the former.
2583:
2565:
1668:
1236:
1193:
963:
1129:
30:
2973:
2965:
2865:
2360:
2122:
1531:
1525:
1406:
1373:
1001:"Mitogenomic Phylogeny, Diversification, and Biogeography of South American Spiny Rats"
622:
1252:
3129:
3084:
2089:
1479:
1350:
1125:
313:
289:
228:
186:
114:
935:
The cladogram has been reconstructed from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA characters.
3094:
2987:
2140:
457:
364:
251:
rodents, proposed in 2016, and containing 13 extant genera: all of the tree rats
3020:
3004:
2956:
2914:
2183:
2174:
1765:
1537:
1486:
1315:
1280:
335:
319:
192:
2602:
2222:
1924:
1566:
1547:
1472:
845:
605:
359:
353:
301:
271:
216:
162:
134:
124:
1397:
1358:
1106:
1026:
3042:
2198:
1957:
1891:
1149:
1017:
1000:
863:
703:
376:
363:
than to the above-mentioned Echimyini genera, it is classified in the tribe
341:
307:
259:
222:
210:
64:
1415:
1389:
1323:
1288:
1213:
1034:
1221:
2743:
1789:
1683:
1608:
1507:
762:
660:
500:
347:
330:
295:
283:
265:
248:
198:
180:
168:
84:
2686:
2113:
1840:
1641:
685:
553:
325:
277:
253:
234:
204:
174:
2710:
2207:
1519:
1513:
1501:
969:
Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Vol 6. Lagomorphs and Rodents I
104:
94:
74:
1134:(3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 1538–1600.
2923:
1131:
Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
1444:
1053:"Unexpected phylogenetic relationships of the painted tree rat
16:
A tribe of mammals belonging to the spiny rat family of rodents
317:, and the enigmatic and previously classified as eumysopines
375:
Five assemblages can be distinguished in the genus-level
1051:
Loss, Ana; Moura, Raquel T.; Leite, Yuri L. R. (2014).
832:
654:
599:
591:
583:
575:
494:
1431:
Biology of caviomorph rodents: diversity and evolution
3092:
3083:
3040:
2985:
2954:
2931:
2922:
2913:
2881:
2874:
2863:
2741:
2708:
2684:
2677:
2668:
2600:
2510:
2487:
2455:
2414:
2382:
2341:
2300:
2277:
2254:
2231:
2220:
2196:
2172:
2148:
2139:
2111:
2087:
1955:
1922:
1889:
1838:
1787:
1763:
1739:
1681:
1639:
1606:
1564:
1555:
1546:
1081:Eisenberg, J. F.; Redford, K. H. (May 15, 2000).
402:. This clade is in accordance with the fact that
972:. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. pp. 552–641.
466:occupies an isolated, deep-branching position.
1456:
8:
993:
991:
989:
957:
955:
953:
951:
3089:
2928:
2919:
2878:
2871:
2681:
2674:
2228:
2145:
1561:
1552:
1463:
1449:
1441:
1046:
1044:
29:
20:
1405:
1016:
804: "Dactylomyines"
473:Genus-level cladogram of the Echimyini.
947:
1120:Woods, C.A.; Kilpatrick, C.W. (2005).
520: "Eumysopines"
1304:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
1269:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
1241:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
1202:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
7:
333:. Worth of note, the arboreal genus
836:
808:
753:
746:
676:
650:
595:
587:
579:
537: (Tuft-tailed spiny tree-rat)
524:
516:
490:
479:
299:, the long recognized dactylomines
2039:Blacked-spined Atlantic tree-rat (
329:. All these spiny rats genera are
14:
2816:Mouse-tailed Atlantic spiny rat (
2753:White-spined Atlantic spiny rat (
1700:Yellow-crowned brush-tailed rat (
1618:Colombian soft-furred spiny rat (
2762:Soft-spined Atlantic spiny rat (
2075:Short-furred Atlantic tree-rat (
1976:Orange-brown Atlantic tree-rat (
1351:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2012.00572.x
51:
3060:Isla De La Juventud tree hutia
2843:Yonenaga's Atlantic spiny rat (
2798:Dark-caped Atlantic spiny rat (
2048:Rusty-sided Atlantic tree-rat (
2030:Long-furred Atlantic tree-rat (
2021:Mantiqueira Atlantic tree-rat (
1005:Molecular Biology and Evolution
2789:Ihering's Atlantic spiny rat (
1934:Bare-tailed armored tree-rat (
1868:Tufted-tailed spiny tree-rat (
1859:Woolly-headed spiny tree-rat (
1808:Long-tailed armored tree-rat (
1627:Rufous soft-furred spiny rat (
1169:University of California Press
1:
2807:Moojen's Atlantic spiny rat (
1253:10.1016/s1055-7903(02)00279-8
784: (Red-crested tree-rat)
2780:Gracile Atlantic spiny rat (
2771:Elias's Atlantic spiny rat (
2057:Southern Atlantic tree-rat (
1799:Red-nosed armored tree-rat (
1775:Tuft-tailed spiny tree-rat (
1727:Sinnamary brush-tailed rat (
1709:Rio Negro brush-tailed rat (
1651:White-faced spiny tree-rat (
821: (Atlantic bamboo rat)
2825:Spiked Atlantic spiny rat (
1850:Ferreira's spiny tree-rat (
1826:Peruvian armored tree-rat (
1316:10.1016/j.ympev.2012.01.020
1281:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.11.015
1122:"Infraorder Hystricognathi"
1089:University of Chicago Press
3152:
2834:Hairy Atlantic spiny rat (
2012:Lund's Atlantic tree-rat (
2003:Pallid Atlantic tree-rat (
1994:Kerr's Atlantic tree-rat (
1967:Golden Atlantic tree-rat (
2066:Giant Atlantic tree-rat (
1943:Speckled spiny tree-rat (
1901:White-tailed olalla rat (
1669:Vieira's spiny tree-rat (
1496:
1471:Extant species of family
859:
841:
834:
813:
806:
776:
758:
751:
744:
699:
681:
674:
656:
648:
619:
601:
593:
585:
577:
549:
529:
522:
514:
496:
488:
159:
154:
48:Scientific classification
46:
37:
28:
23:
3068:Prehensile-tailed hutia
2696:Broad-headed spiny rat (
2425:Short-tailed spiny rat (
1985:Drab Atlantic tree-rat (
1718:Plain brush-tailed rat (
2575:Gray-footed spiny rat (
2466:O'Connell's spiny rat (
2443:Long-tailed spiny rat (
2288:Stiff-spine spiny rat (
2099:Red-crested tree-rat (
1817:Dark armored tree-rat (
1057:(Rodentia: Echimyidae)"
627: (Giant tree-rat)
1390:10.1098/rsbl.2014.0266
1214:10.1006/mpev.1996.0035
1128:; Reeder, D.M (eds.).
406:was classified within
386:is closely related to
2639:Sao Lourenço punaré (
2557:Magdalena spiny rat (
2402:Roberto's spiny rat (
2311:Gardner's spiny rat (
2242:Colombian spiny rat (
1877:Pará spiny tree-rat (
1751:Atlantic bamboo rat (
1660:Dark spiny tree-rat (
1576:Bolivian bamboo rat (
1018:10.1093/molbev/msw261
962:Fabre, Pierre-Henri;
2521:Trinidad spiny rat (
2434:Cuvier's spiny rat (
2370:Steere's spiny rat (
2352:Goeldi's spiny rat (
2329:Patton's spiny rat (
1594:Montane bamboo rat (
1171:. pp. 247–310.
1091:. pp. 487–488.
3013:Black-tailed hutia
2648:Paraguayan punaré (
2548:Guyanan spiny rat (
2498:Simon's spiny rat (
2393:Guyenne spiny rat (
2265:Pacific spiny rat (
1910:Greedy olalla rat (
1585:Amazon bamboo rat (
1235:Leite, Yuri L. R.;
3104:Hispaniolan hutia
3031:(M. sanfelipensis)
2999:(M. angelcabrerai)
2943:Desmarest's hutia
2729:Fischer's guiara (
2670:Euryzygomatomyinae
2630:Highlands punaré (
2539:Guaira spiny rat (
2530:Boyacá spiny rat (
2475:Tome's spiny rat (
2320:Kulina spiny rat (
2160:Painted tree-rat (
2023:P. mantiqueirensis
1055:Callistomys pictus
149:Fabre et al. 2016
3123:
3122:
3119:
3118:
3115:
3114:
3079:
3078:
3062:(M. meridionalis)
3029:San Felipe hutia
2909:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2893:Owl's spiny rat (
2859:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2720:Brandt's guiara (
2664:
2663:
2660:
2659:
2621:Foster's punaré (
2596:
2595:
2584:Sucre spiny rat (
2566:Minca spiny rat (
2363:P. quadruplicatus
2135:
2134:
1729:I. sinnamariensis
1694:I. barbarabrownae
1490:
1483:
1476:
1339:Zoologica Scripta
1192:Lara, Márcia C.;
1167:. Vol. 133.
1141:978-0-8018-8221-0
1098:978-0-226-19542-1
979:978-84-941892-3-4
939:
938:
929:
928:
920:
919:
911:
910:
902:
901:
893:
892:
884:
883:
875:
874:
794:
793:
733:
732:
724:
723:
715:
714:
637:
636:
565:
564:
242:
241:
150:
3143:
3090:
3070:(M. prehensilis)
3052:Garrido's hutia
2997:Cabrera's hutia
2929:
2920:
2879:
2872:
2682:
2675:
2445:P. longicaudatus
2361:Napo spiny rat (
2229:
2146:
2123:Giant tree-rat (
1562:
1553:
1488:
1481:
1474:
1465:
1458:
1451:
1442:
1435:
1434:
1426:
1420:
1419:
1409:
1369:
1363:
1362:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1299:
1293:
1292:
1263:
1257:
1256:
1237:Patton, James L.
1232:
1226:
1225:
1194:Patton, James L.
1189:
1183:
1182:
1160:
1154:
1153:
1117:
1111:
1110:
1078:
1072:
1071:
1064:Natureza on Line
1061:
1048:
1039:
1038:
1020:
995:
984:
983:
964:Patton, James L.
959:
837:
809:
754:
747:
677:
651:
596:
588:
580:
525:
517:
491:
480:
470:
469:
148:
56:
55:
40:Mesomys hispidus
33:
21:
3151:
3150:
3146:
3145:
3144:
3142:
3141:
3140:
3126:
3125:
3124:
3111:
3075:
3036:
2981:
2974:Bahamian hutia
2966:Jamaican coney
2950:
2901:
2851:
2737:
2711:Euryzygomatomys
2704:
2656:
2612:Common punaré (
2592:
2550:P. hoplomyoides
2506:
2483:
2477:P. semispinosus
2451:
2410:
2378:
2337:
2296:
2273:
2250:
2216:
2192:
2168:
2131:
2107:
2101:S. rufodorsalis
2083:
1978:P. brasiliensis
1951:
1945:P. semivillosus
1918:
1885:
1834:
1801:M. didelphoides
1783:
1759:
1735:
1677:
1635:
1602:
1542:
1492:
1469:
1439:
1438:
1428:
1427:
1423:
1384:(7): 20140266.
1378:Biology Letters
1371:
1370:
1366:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1301:
1300:
1296:
1265:
1264:
1260:
1234:
1233:
1229:
1191:
1190:
1186:
1179:
1162:
1161:
1157:
1142:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1099:
1080:
1079:
1075:
1059:
1050:
1049:
1042:
997:
996:
987:
980:
961:
960:
949:
944:
930:
921:
912:
903:
894:
885:
876:
820:
795:
783:
734:
725:
716:
638:
626:
566:
536:
418:were placed in
373:
232:
226:
220:
214:
208:
202:
196:
190:
184:
178:
172:
166:
147:
50:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3149:
3147:
3139:
3138:
3128:
3127:
3121:
3120:
3117:
3116:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3109:
3100:
3098:
3087:
3081:
3080:
3077:
3076:
3074:
3073:
3065:
3057:
3048:
3046:
3038:
3037:
3035:
3034:
3026:
3018:
3015:(M. melanurus)
3010:
3002:
2993:
2991:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2979:
2976:(G. ingrahami)
2971:
2962:
2960:
2952:
2951:
2949:
2948:
2945:(C. pilorides)
2939:
2937:
2926:
2917:
2911:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2903:
2902:
2900:
2899:
2889:
2887:
2876:
2869:
2866:Incertae sedis
2861:
2860:
2857:
2856:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2849:
2840:
2831:
2822:
2813:
2804:
2800:T. mirapitanga
2795:
2786:
2777:
2768:
2759:
2749:
2747:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2735:
2726:
2716:
2714:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2702:
2692:
2690:
2679:
2672:
2666:
2665:
2662:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2655:
2654:
2645:
2636:
2627:
2618:
2608:
2606:
2598:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2590:
2581:
2572:
2563:
2554:
2545:
2536:
2532:P. chrysaeolus
2527:
2517:
2515:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2504:
2494:
2492:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2481:
2472:
2462:
2460:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2449:
2440:
2431:
2421:
2419:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2408:
2399:
2395:P. guyannensis
2389:
2387:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2376:
2367:
2358:
2348:
2346:
2339:
2338:
2336:
2335:
2326:
2317:
2307:
2305:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2294:
2290:P. echinothrix
2284:
2282:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2271:
2261:
2259:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2248:
2238:
2236:
2226:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2214:
2204:
2202:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2190:
2180:
2178:
2170:
2169:
2167:
2166:
2156:
2154:
2143:
2137:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2129:
2119:
2117:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2105:
2095:
2093:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2081:
2072:
2063:
2054:
2045:
2041:P. nigrispinus
2036:
2027:
2018:
2009:
2000:
1991:
1982:
1973:
1969:P. blainvillii
1963:
1961:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1949:
1940:
1930:
1928:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1916:
1907:
1897:
1895:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1883:
1874:
1865:
1856:
1846:
1844:
1836:
1835:
1833:
1832:
1823:
1814:
1805:
1795:
1793:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1781:
1771:
1769:
1761:
1760:
1758:
1757:
1747:
1745:
1737:
1736:
1734:
1733:
1724:
1715:
1706:
1697:
1689:
1687:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1675:
1666:
1657:
1647:
1645:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1633:
1624:
1614:
1612:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1600:
1591:
1582:
1578:D. boliviensis
1572:
1570:
1559:
1550:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1540:
1534:
1532:Hystricognathi
1528:
1526:Hystricomorpha
1522:
1516:
1510:
1504:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1480:Myocastoridae
1470:
1468:
1467:
1460:
1453:
1445:
1437:
1436:
1421:
1364:
1345:(2): 117–134.
1329:
1310:(2): 417–429.
1294:
1275:(3): 601–615.
1258:
1247:(3): 455–464.
1227:
1208:(2): 403–413.
1184:
1177:
1155:
1140:
1112:
1097:
1073:
1040:
1011:(3): 613–633.
985:
978:
946:
945:
943:
940:
937:
936:
932:
931:
927:
926:
923:
922:
918:
917:
914:
913:
909:
908:
905:
904:
900:
899:
896:
895:
891:
890:
887:
886:
882:
881:
878:
877:
873:
872:
869:
868:
858:
855:
854:
851:
850:
840:
835:
833:
829:
828:
825:
824:
812:
807:
805:
801:
800:
797:
796:
792:
791:
788:
787:
775:
772:
771:
768:
767:
757:
752:
750:
745:
743:
740:
739:
736:
735:
731:
730:
727:
726:
722:
721:
718:
717:
713:
712:
709:
708:
698:
695:
694:
691:
690:
680:
675:
673:
670:
669:
666:
665:
655:
649:
647:
644:
643:
640:
639:
635:
634:
631:
630:
618:
615:
614:
611:
610:
600:
594:
592:
586:
584:
578:
576:
572:
571:
568:
567:
563:
562:
559:
558:
548:
545:
544:
541:
540:
528:
523:
521:
515:
513:
510:
509:
506:
505:
495:
489:
487:
478:
475:
474:
468:
467:
461:
447:
437:
423:
379:of Echimyini:
372:
369:
247:is a tribe of
240:
239:
157:
156:
152:
151:
142:
138:
137:
132:
128:
127:
122:
118:
117:
112:
108:
107:
102:
98:
97:
92:
88:
87:
82:
78:
77:
72:
68:
67:
62:
58:
57:
44:
43:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3148:
3137:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3108:
3107:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3097:
3096:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3085:Plagiodontini
3082:
3072:
3071:
3066:
3064:
3063:
3058:
3056:
3055:
3054:(M. garridoi)
3050:
3049:
3047:
3045:
3044:
3039:
3033:
3032:
3027:
3025:
3024:
3019:
3017:
3016:
3011:
3009:
3008:
3003:
3001:
3000:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2990:
2989:
2984:
2978:
2977:
2972:
2970:
2969:
2964:
2963:
2961:
2959:
2958:
2953:
2947:
2946:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2936:
2935:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2912:
2898:
2896:
2891:
2890:
2888:
2886:
2885:
2880:
2877:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2867:
2862:
2848:
2846:
2841:
2839:
2837:
2832:
2830:
2828:
2823:
2821:
2819:
2814:
2812:
2810:
2805:
2803:
2801:
2796:
2794:
2792:
2787:
2785:
2783:
2778:
2776:
2774:
2769:
2767:
2765:
2764:T. dimidiatus
2760:
2758:
2756:
2755:T. albispinus
2751:
2750:
2748:
2746:
2745:
2740:
2734:
2732:
2727:
2725:
2723:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2713:
2712:
2707:
2701:
2699:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2689:
2688:
2683:
2680:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2667:
2653:
2651:
2646:
2644:
2642:
2641:T. laurentius
2637:
2635:
2633:
2628:
2626:
2624:
2619:
2617:
2615:
2614:T. apereoides
2610:
2609:
2607:
2605:
2604:
2599:
2589:
2587:
2582:
2580:
2578:
2573:
2571:
2569:
2564:
2562:
2560:
2559:P. magdalenae
2555:
2553:
2551:
2546:
2544:
2542:
2537:
2535:
2533:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2523:P. trinitatus
2519:
2518:
2516:
2514:
2509:
2503:
2501:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2486:
2480:
2478:
2473:
2471:
2469:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2454:
2448:
2446:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2432:
2430:
2428:
2427:P. brevicauda
2423:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2417:longicaudatus
2413:
2407:
2405:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2391:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2381:
2375:
2373:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2359:
2357:
2355:
2350:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2340:
2334:
2332:
2327:
2325:
2323:
2318:
2316:
2314:
2309:
2308:
2306:
2304:
2299:
2293:
2291:
2286:
2285:
2283:
2281:
2276:
2270:
2268:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2253:
2247:
2245:
2244:P. canicollis
2240:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2224:
2219:
2213:
2211:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2200:
2195:
2189:
2187:
2184:Armored rat (
2182:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2176:
2171:
2165:
2163:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2152:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2138:
2128:
2126:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2115:
2110:
2104:
2102:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2091:
2090:Santamartamys
2086:
2080:
2078:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1959:
1954:
1948:
1946:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1932:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1926:
1921:
1915:
1913:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1893:
1888:
1882:
1880:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1848:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1842:
1837:
1831:
1829:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1791:
1786:
1780:
1778:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1767:
1762:
1756:
1754:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1744:
1743:
1742:Kannabateomys
1738:
1732:
1730:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1698:
1696:
1695:
1691:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1685:
1680:
1674:
1672:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1649:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1643:
1638:
1632:
1630:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1610:
1605:
1599:
1597:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1587:D. dactylinus
1583:
1581:
1579:
1574:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1568:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1545:
1539:
1535:
1533:
1529:
1527:
1523:
1521:
1517:
1515:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1503:
1499:
1498:
1495:
1491:
1484:
1477:
1466:
1461:
1459:
1454:
1452:
1447:
1446:
1443:
1432:
1425:
1422:
1417:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1368:
1365:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1333:
1330:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1298:
1295:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1262:
1259:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1231:
1228:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1188:
1185:
1180:
1178:9780520098534
1174:
1170:
1166:
1159:
1156:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1137:
1133:
1132:
1127:
1123:
1116:
1113:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1085:
1077:
1074:
1069:
1065:
1058:
1056:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
994:
992:
990:
986:
981:
975:
971:
970:
965:
958:
956:
954:
952:
948:
941:
934:
933:
925:
924:
916:
915:
907:
906:
898:
897:
889:
888:
880:
879:
871:
870:
867:
866:
865:
857:
856:
853:
852:
849:
848:
847:
839:
838:
831:
830:
827:
826:
823:
822:
819:
818:Kannabateomys
811:
810:
803:
802:
799:
798:
790:
789:
786:
785:
782:
781:Santamartamys
774:
773:
770:
769:
766:
765:
764:
756:
755:
749:
748:
742:
741:
738:
737:
729:
728:
720:
719:
711:
710:
707:
706:
705:
697:
696:
693:
692:
689:
688:
687:
679:
678:
672:
671:
668:
667:
664:
663:
662:
653:
652:
646:
645:
642:
641:
633:
632:
629:
628:
625:
617:
616:
613:
612:
609:
608:
607:
598:
597:
590:
589:
582:
581:
574:
573:
570:
569:
561:
560:
557:
556:
555:
547:
546:
543:
542:
539:
538:
535:
527:
526:
519:
518:
512:
511:
508:
507:
504:
503:
502:
493:
492:
485:
482:
481:
477:
476:
472:
471:
465:
462:
459:
455:
451:
448:
445:
444:Santamartamys
441:
438:
435:
434:Kannabateomys
431:
427:
424:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
382:
381:
380:
378:
370:
368:
366:
362:
361:
356:
355:
350:
349:
344:
343:
338:
337:
332:
328:
327:
322:
321:
316:
315:
314:Kannabateomys
310:
309:
304:
303:
298:
297:
292:
291:
290:Santamartamys
286:
285:
280:
279:
274:
273:
268:
267:
262:
261:
256:
255:
250:
246:
238:
237:
236:
231:
230:
229:Santamartamys
225:
224:
219:
218:
213:
212:
207:
206:
201:
200:
195:
194:
189:
188:
187:Kannabateomys
183:
182:
177:
176:
171:
170:
165:
164:
158:
153:
146:
143:
140:
139:
136:
133:
130:
129:
126:
123:
120:
119:
116:
115:Octodontoidea
113:
111:Superfamily:
110:
109:
106:
103:
100:
99:
96:
93:
90:
89:
86:
83:
80:
79:
76:
73:
70:
69:
66:
63:
60:
59:
54:
49:
45:
42:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
3105:
3095:Plagiodontia
3093:
3069:
3061:
3053:
3041:
3030:
3022:
3021:Dwarf hutia
3014:
3007:(M. auritus)
3006:
3005:Eared hutia
2998:
2988:Mesocapromys
2986:
2975:
2968:(G. brownii)
2967:
2955:
2944:
2932:
2895:C. sulcidens
2894:
2882:
2864:
2845:T. yonenagae
2844:
2835:
2826:
2817:
2808:
2799:
2790:
2782:T. gratiosus
2781:
2772:
2763:
2754:
2742:
2730:
2721:
2709:
2697:
2685:
2650:T. pachyurus
2649:
2640:
2631:
2622:
2613:
2601:
2585:
2576:
2567:
2558:
2549:
2540:
2531:
2522:
2512:
2499:
2489:
2476:
2468:P. oconnelli
2467:
2458:semispinosus
2457:
2444:
2435:
2426:
2416:
2403:
2394:
2384:
2371:
2362:
2353:
2343:
2330:
2321:
2312:
2302:
2289:
2279:
2267:P. decumanus
2266:
2256:
2243:
2233:
2221:
2209:
2197:
2185:
2173:
2161:
2149:
2141:Myocastorini
2124:
2112:
2100:
2088:
2076:
2067:
2058:
2049:
2040:
2031:
2022:
2013:
2004:
1995:
1987:P. dasythrix
1986:
1977:
1968:
1956:
1944:
1935:
1923:
1911:
1903:O. albicauda
1902:
1890:
1878:
1869:
1860:
1851:
1839:
1828:M. rhipidura
1827:
1818:
1809:
1800:
1788:
1776:
1764:
1753:K. amblyonyx
1752:
1740:
1728:
1719:
1711:I. negrensis
1710:
1702:I. bistriata
1701:
1692:
1682:
1670:
1661:
1653:E. chrysurus
1652:
1640:
1628:
1619:
1607:
1595:
1586:
1577:
1565:
1556:
1530:Infraorder:
1487:Capromyidae
1478:, including
1475:(Spiny rats)
1430:
1424:
1381:
1377:
1367:
1342:
1338:
1332:
1307:
1303:
1297:
1272:
1268:
1261:
1244:
1240:
1230:
1205:
1201:
1200:Sequences".
1197:
1187:
1164:
1158:
1130:
1126:Wilson, D.E.
1115:
1083:
1076:
1067:
1063:
1054:
1008:
1004:
968:
862:
860:
844:
842:
817:
814:
780:
777:
761:
759:
702:
700:
684:
682:
659:
657:
623:
620:
604:
602:
552:
550:
533:
530:
499:
497:
483:
463:
458:polyphyletic
453:
449:
443:
439:
433:
429:
425:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
374:
365:Myocastorini
358:
352:
346:
340:
334:
324:
318:
312:
306:
300:
294:
288:
282:
276:
270:
264:
258:
252:
244:
243:
233:
227:
221:
215:
209:
203:
197:
191:
185:
179:
173:
167:
161:
160:
144:
38:
18:
3106:(P. aedium)
2957:Geocapromys
2915:Capromyinae
2818:T. myosuros
2791:T. iheringi
2731:E. spinosus
2698:C. laticeps
2577:P. poliopus
2385:guyannensis
2313:P. gardneri
2280:echinothrix
2186:H. gymnurus
2151:Callistomys
2077:P. unicolor
1936:P. occasius
1879:M. stimulax
1870:M. occultus
1861:M. leniceps
1852:M. hispidus
1766:Lonchothrix
1662:E. saturnus
1620:D. caniceps
1596:D. peruanus
1538:Caviomorpha
1536:Parvorder:
1473:Echimyidae
534:Lonchothrix
450:Lonchothrix
410:, and that
336:Callistomys
320:Lonchothrix
193:Lonchothrix
131:Subfamily:
3136:Echimyidae
3023:(M. nanus)
2924:Capromyini
2884:Carterodon
2836:T. setosus
2827:T. paratus
2809:T. moojeni
2632:T. inermis
2623:T. fosteri
2603:Thrichomys
2541:P. guairae
2513:trinitatus
2500:P. simonsi
2436:P. cuvieri
2404:P. roberti
2372:P. steerei
2354:P. goeldii
2331:P. pattoni
2322:P. kulinae
2234:canicollis
2223:Proechimys
2125:T. grandis
2068:P. thomasi
2059:P. sulinus
2050:P. pattoni
2005:P. lamarum
1925:Pattonomys
1819:M. obscura
1810:M. macrura
1777:L. emiliae
1720:I. pagurus
1671:E. vieirai
1629:D. labilis
1567:Dactylomys
1548:Echimyinae
1524:Suborder:
1070:: 132–136.
942:References
846:Dactylomys
606:Pattonomys
426:Dactylomys
412:Pattonomys
396:Pattonomys
360:Thrichomys
354:Proechimys
302:Dactylomys
272:Pattonomys
217:Pattonomys
163:Dactylomys
135:Echimyinae
125:Echimyidae
24:Echimyini
3043:Mysateles
2773:T. eliasi
2722:E. guiara
2586:P. urichi
2568:P. mincae
2257:decumanus
2210:M. coypus
2199:Myocastor
2162:C. pictus
2032:P. medius
1958:Phyllomys
1892:Olallamys
1557:Echimyini
1500:Kingdom:
1398:1744-9561
1359:1463-6409
1107:493329394
1027:0737-4038
864:Olallamys
704:Phyllomys
484:Echimyini
430:Olallamys
404:Phyllomys
388:Phyllomys
377:cladogram
371:Phylogeny
342:Myocastor
308:Olallamys
260:Phyllomys
245:Echimyini
223:Phyllomys
211:Olallamys
145:Echimyini
71:Kingdom:
65:Eukaryota
3130:Category
2934:Capromys
2744:Trinomys
2303:gardneri
2208:Nutria (
2175:Hoplomys
2014:P. lundi
1996:P. kerri
1790:Makalata
1684:Isothrix
1609:Diplomys
1520:Rodentia
1514:Mammalia
1508:Chordata
1506:Phylum:
1502:Animalia
1489:(Hutias)
1482:(Coypus)
1416:25115033
1324:22327013
1289:15683932
1150:62265494
1035:28025278
763:Diplomys
661:Makalata
501:Isothrix
464:Isothrix
440:Diplomys
420:Makalata
392:Makalata
348:Hoplomys
331:arboreal
296:Isothrix
284:Diplomys
266:Makalata
249:echimyid
199:Makalata
181:Isothrix
169:Diplomys
121:Family:
105:Rodentia
95:Mammalia
85:Chordata
81:Phylum:
75:Animalia
61:Domain:
2687:Clyomys
2490:simonsi
2344:goeldii
2114:Toromys
1912:O. edax
1841:Mesomys
1642:Echimys
1518:Order:
1512:Class:
1407:4126619
1222:8728398
861:
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686:Echimys
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454:Mesomys
416:Toromys
408:Echimys
400:Toromys
384:Echimys
357:, and
326:Mesomys
278:Toromys
254:Echimys
235:Toromys
205:Mesomys
175:Echimys
155:Genera
141:Tribe:
101:Order:
91:Class:
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1218:PMID
1173:ISBN
1146:OCLC
1136:ISBN
1103:OCLC
1093:ISBN
1031:PMID
1023:ISSN
974:ISBN
452:and
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