504:, have been genuinely led to believe that it was entitled to second-guess the remedial action through its resolution absolving the President of liability. But, that still does not affect the unlawfulness of its preferred course of action. Second-guessing the findings and remedial action does not lie in the mere fact of the exculpatory reports of the Minister of Police and the last Ad Hoc Committee. In principle, there may have been nothing wrong with those "parallel" processes. But, there was everything wrong with the National Assembly stepping into the shoes of the Public Protector, by passing a resolution that purported effectively to nullify the findings made and remedial action taken by the Public Protector and replacing them with its own findings and "remedial action". This, the rule of law is dead against.
449:
to attract a very unfriendly response. An unfavourable finding of unethical or corrupt conduct coupled with remedial action, will probably be strongly resisted in an attempt to repair or soften the inescapable reputational damage. It is unlikely that unpleasant findings and a biting remedial action would be readily welcomed by those investigated. If compliance with remedial action taken were optional, then very few culprits, if any at all, would allow it to have any effect. And if it were, by design, never to have a binding effect, then it is incomprehensible just how the Public
Protector could ever be effective in what she does and be able to contribute to the strengthening of our constitutional democracy.
560:, the leaders of the two victorious applicants in the case, called for Zuma to step down. However, Zuma sought to downplay the judgment. In a press statement the following evening, he said he welcomed the judgment and had always accepted the Public Protector's reports were binding, and noted that the Court found he had been entitled to institute a parallel investigative process and had acted "honestly" and "in good faith". Legal commentators condemned these claims as serious misrepresentations of the judgment. They pointed out that it could not possibly have been the case, as Zuma claimed, that he was merely adopting the
487:
failed relates to his shared section 181(3) obligations. He was duty-bound to, but did not, assist and protect the Public
Protector so as to ensure her independence, impartiality, dignity and effectiveness by complying with her remedial action. He might have been following wrong legal advice and therefore acting in good faith. But that does not detract from the illegality of his conduct regard being had to its inconsistency with his constitutional obligations in terms of sections 182(1)(c) and 181(3) read with 83(b).
47:
344:
462:". Whether the Public Protector’s decisions amount to administrative action or not, the disregard for remedial action by those adversely affected by it, amounts to taking the law into their own hands and is illegal. No binding and constitutionally or statutorily sourced decision may be disregarded willy-nilly. It has legal consequences and must be complied with or acted upon. To achieve the opposite outcome lawfully, an order of court would have to be obtained.
467:
340:, these interruptions led to brawl between MPs and security personnel and a subsequent court action (which was decided against the government). When Zuma appeared in Parliament he repeatedly ignored or laughed off questions about Nkandla. Eventually the EFF announced, in May 2015, that it would file a court application to compel Zuma to act on the Public Protector's report. The DA filed a similar application shortly thereafter.
516:, who had recently locked horns with Zuma's administration — was ordered, within 60 days, to determine the costs of the non-security upgrades at Nkandla, and the proportion thereof to be repaid by Zuma. The President was ordered to make this repayment within a further 45 days and to "reprimand" the ministers who had overseen the building work.
774:"Secure in Comfort: Report on an investigation into allegations of impropriety and unethical conduct relating to the installation and implementation of security measures by the Department of Public Works at and in respect of the private residence of President Jacob Zuma at Nkandla in the KwaZulu-Natal province"
457:
When remedial action is binding, compliance is not optional, whatever reservations the affected party might have about its fairness, appropriateness or lawfulness. For this reason, the remedial action taken against those under investigation cannot be ignored without any legal consequences. This is
448:
investigative powers are not supposed to bow down to anybody, not even at the door of the highest chambers of raw State power. The predicament though is that mere allegations and investigation of improper or corrupt conduct against all, especially powerful public office-bearers, are generally bound
390:
the matter and compiled a draft order offering to pay back some of the money. The Public
Protector noted that the draft order reflected only "partial" compliance with her recommendations. The EFF made a counter-offer in the form of a draft order stating that the Nkandla report was legally binding on
499:
On a proper construction of its constitutional obligations, the
National Assembly was duty-bound to hold the President accountable by facilitating and ensuring compliance with the decision of the Public Protector. The exception would be where the findings and remedial action are challenged and set
486:
The
President thus failed to uphold, defend and respect the Constitution as the supreme law of the land. This failure is manifest from the substantial disregard for the remedial action taken against him by the Public Protector in terms of her constitutional powers. The second respect in which he
524:
Mogoeng's "powerful" and "profound" judgment was hailed as a "triumph for the rule of law", and a major blow to the widely criticised
President, of whose conduct the judgment was "scathing". One commentator said Mogoeng's judgment was "his moment of triumph and redemption", and marked his
1230:
591:
and Deputy
Minister of Justice John Jeffery took the view that, although Zuma had breached the Constitution, the breach was not "serious". The impeachment bid by opposition MPs on 5 April 2016 failed by over 120 votes. Some were surprised that even Zuma's opponents within the ANC like
607:
Nevertheless, many analysts said the judgment might prove a fatal blow to Zuma, although factional battles within the ANC would be the ultimate decider. One suggested that powerful ANC members had lost faith in Zuma and might move to oust him at a more opportune moment. The
292:
In 2009, during
President Zuma's first term, his Nkandla homestead was extensively renovated and upgraded. The Presidency said these were lawful security upgrades. However, it soon emerged that the upgrades included non-security features like a swimming pool and cattle
409:. Zuma's strategy was perceived as an attempt to evade responsibility and throw his ministers under the bus. Minister Nhleko's legal team, in turn, said his "hands were tied" because he was following instructions from Zuma and the National Assembly. Only Speaker
312:
government refused to act on it and questioned its legitimacy. On three occasions during 2014, the
Presidency wrote letters to the Public Protector taking a skeptical attitude to the report. On 14 August 2014 Zuma said he would allow Parliament, and the
305:, began an investigation into the apparent misuse of state resources. On 19 March 2014, she released her so-called Nkandla report, which found that some of the upgrades were unlawful and recommended that President Zuma pay back the money used for them.
405:, made a series of major concessions, including that the Nkandla report was binding on Zuma, but asked the Court not to declare that Zuma had acted unconstitutionally. The issue was significant because such a declaration would be a basis for Zuma's
110:
549:, who sat in the case, suggested in a public address that it was one of the Court's two most significant ever judgments. One commentator noted, however, that President Zuma's counsel had conceded most of the points the Court decided against him.
1237:
533:
said the judgment was "the clearest message yet that the
Constitution is working"; another commentator said the judgment's importance was that "it is a muscular assertion that all rule in this country is subject to the Constitution". Former
317:, to determine what remedial steps, if any, he should take. He later denied that the Public Protector's recommendations were legally binding. Zuma's evasiveness led to severe and widespread criticism, including by opposition parties the
572:
Zuma signaled his intention not to comply with her report. Commentators also condemned the Presidency's statement that the Court had never found Zuma breached his office, since that was the judgment's unmistakable implication.
2744:
458:
so, because our constitutional order hinges also on the rule of law. No decision grounded on the Constitution or law may be disregarded without recourse to a court of law. To do otherwise would "amount to a licence to
2638:
616:, had been skeptical about the adequacy of his response to the judgment. Some ANC members booed Zuma at his next subsequent appearance. And several prominent members of civil society and former ANC insiders, including
667:
in the week after the judgment – leaving Zuma, in the opinion of some analysts, extremely vulnerable. In the wake of these developments, Malema said it was now time to "crush the head of the snake". On 12 April 2016,
31:
363:, whose report, released in August 2015, purported to "exonerate" Zuma. This report was adopted by Parliament on 18 August 2015. On this basis, Zuma continued to ignore the Public Protector's recommendations.
850:
822:
798:
17:
1149:
413:'s counsel, Lindi Nkosi-Thomas SC, seriously disputed the EFF and DA's account of the facts and law, but was ultimately forced to capitulate and was widely mocked for her "bumbling" performance.
2563:
773:
1179:
601:
2200:
2887:
552:
The exception was the Court's declaration that Zuma had breached the Constitution, which was a potential basis for Zuma's impeachment. In the immediate wake of the judgment,
1597:
935:
330:
2273:
2795:
857:
833:
805:
500:
aside by a court, which was of course not done in this case. Like the President, the National Assembly may, relying for example on the High Court decision in
1157:
2226:
2386:
672:
said the key question, "now that the balance of power has turned irrevocably against Zuma", was how to ensure he makes a managed — and non-violent — exit.
1963:
1648:
1522:
584:, speaking on behalf of the so-called Top Six, said he "welcomed" Zuma's apologetic statement but that calls for his impeachment were "over-exaggerated".
337:
2613:
2588:
1724:
2821:
2070:
780:
604:, an opposition party, said it would boycott parliamentary proceedings in light of the National Assembly's failure to implement the Court's judgment.
1547:
1472:
367:
1886:
1673:
692:
1204:
663:, thought to be Zuma's long-standing allies and crucial financial backers, resigned from their major holding company and fled South Africa for
1324:
1124:
1911:
1750:
648:
branches; and an internal ANC memorandum sent by party veterans to the Top Six allegedly demanded Zuma's recall and compared him to detested
644:, formally resolved that Zuma must resign; doubts were raised about Zuma's leadership even within his traditional strongholds like the ANC's
2488:
904:
68:
Economic Freedom Fighters v Speaker of the National Assembly and Others; Democratic Alliance v Speaker of the National Assembly and Others
1779:
542:
453:
The upshot, according to Mogoeng, is that the Public Protector's recommendations must be implemented unless they are set aside by a court:
422:
262:
57:
255:
Economic Freedom Fighters v Speaker of the National Assembly and Others; Democratic Alliance v Speaker of the National Assembly and Others
18:
Economic Freedom Fighters v Speaker of the National Assembly and Others; Democratic Alliance v Speaker of the National Assembly and Others
545:
should be "salute" for "the meticulous manner in which they discharged their constitutional responsibilities as our apex court". Justice
2438:
2412:
1937:
2360:
2045:
2892:
2882:
1622:
374:, about the Hlaudi Motsoeneng saga) that found the Public Protector's reports are legally binding. In doing so the Court reversed the
329:
frequently interrupted parliamentary proceedings to demand that Zuma "pay back the money", leading to confrontations between them and
322:
2538:
1572:
2847:
2173:
637:
492:
356:
314:
190:
743:
2096:
1859:
509:
336:, considered by some to be partial to Zuma in her management of parliamentary proceedings. On one such occasion, at Zuma's 2015
1073:
653:
1018:
2770:
2148:
1993:
1447:
1099:
943:
1833:
2693:
609:
426:
2281:
1698:
2251:
1383:
392:
1231:"Report by the Minister of Police to Parliament on security upgrades at the Nkandla private residence of the President"
2335:
2122:
482:
ignored the report even without having them set aside, Mogoeng held he had breached the South African Constitution:
2463:
1497:
1254:
992:
874:
561:
441:
375:
273:
194:
2667:
966:
444:; without the power to make binding recommendations, Mogoeng CJ holds, the Public Protector would be ineffectual:
2877:
580:
had released a statement hours after the judgment saying its faith in Zuma "remains unshaken". Secretary-General
535:
318:
309:
266:
227:
1971:
437:
2719:
2513:
525:
transformation from a supposed "tool" of the establishment to a "national hero" in a manner reminiscent of
46:
1808:
1354:
222:
351:, who led many of the parliamentary protests against President Zuma but eventually opted for litigation.
577:
359:
constituted an ad hoc committee to conduct a parallel investigative process led by Minister of Police
326:
242:
1150:"EFF will take Ministers Nhleko, Nxesi, President Zuma and his cabinet to court over Nkandla Report"
640:
did the same, saying Zuma had "lost all moral authority". The Gauteng ANC, led by noted Zuma critic
613:
281:
198:
1332:
508:
The Court's order substantially repeated the remedial steps required by the Public Protector. The
912:
718:
343:
1938:"Nkandla: DA moves to impeach Zuma following Constitutional Court ruling - Democratic Alliance"
2564:"Post ConCourt Nkandla ruling bombshell: Trevor Manuel joins the calls for Zuma's resignation"
2019:
399:
387:
298:
277:
182:
1523:"Gordhan v Moyane on SARS "side show". Real battle is control over Treasury. - BizNews.com"
466:
1282:
South African Broadcasting Corporation Soc Ltd and Others v Democratic Alliance and Others
593:
588:
530:
459:
429:
302:
1598:"Nkandla ConCourt ruling: President Zuma and National Assembly in breach of Constitution"
1180:"EFF's Nkandla battle: Constitutional Court will decide if Zuma should #PayBackTheMoney"
436:
that the Public Protector's recommendations are binding. It does this on the basis of a
751:
641:
629:
621:
617:
597:
581:
513:
402:
137:
1301:
474:, who was held to have violated the Constitution in the course of the Nkandla scandal.
258:
2871:
1279:
1043:
625:
557:
553:
546:
348:
636:, called for Zuma's resignation, prompting a backlash from certain Zuma allies. The
2306:
2201:"Nkandla Judgment: The Mastery of the Concourt vs The Invincibility of Jacob Zuma="
1416:
669:
660:
410:
360:
333:
133:
114:
111:
Economic Freedom Fighters and Others v Speaker of the National Assembly and Another
93:
656:
538:
526:
406:
1304:
Democratic Alliance v South African Broadcasting Corporation Limited and Others
633:
585:
479:
471:
378:, whose judgment on 24 October 2014 had said the reports are merely advisory.
269:
186:
165:
161:
157:
153:
145:
129:
2796:"THICK END OF THE WEDGE: Zuma's only exit plan is unravelling under pressure"
649:
141:
2387:"Cope to boycott Parliament over ANC response to ConCourt's Nkandla ruling"
1649:"Chief Justice Mogoeng Mogoeng's 12 most powerful Nkandla judgement quotes"
2614:"'Propaganda media' spreading lies about Zuma ex political prisoner group"
882:
645:
169:
149:
1548:"Treasury will be thorough in Zuma's Nkandla payback process Gordhan"
386:
A week before the hearing, the Presidency made a surprise attempt to
1473:"Mbete's bumbling advocate admits Parly was wrong in Nkandla matter"
1674:"All South Africans, including Zuma, are equal before law – De Vos"
693:"A compendium of Nkandla reports & court papers - Africa Check"
32:
Economic Freedom Fighters v Speaker of the National Assembly (2017)
30:
This article is about the decision known as EFF I. For EFF II, see
1205:"DA seeks direct access to Constitutional Court in Nkandla matter"
664:
465:
398:
The hearing took place on 9 February 2016. At it, Zuma's counsel,
395:
and his oath of office. The parties failed to reach a settlement.
342:
294:
1046:
Democratic Alliance v Speaker of the National Assembly and Others
779:. Public Protector of South Africa. 19 March 2014. Archived from
744:"The Presidency: Construction work at President Zuma's residence"
2274:"'Zuma's Violation Of The Constitution Was Not Serious' Mthembu"
2489:"Zuma booed as more party faithful call for action against him"
1964:"WATCH: We're Going To Remove Zuma And Arrest Him, Says Malema"
2227:"Trainspotter: Zuma, the ANC, and the art of quantum spinning"
1912:"Maimane: DA already started impeachment process against Zuma"
1306:(12497/2014) [2014] ZAWCHC 161; 2015 (1) SA 551 (WCC)"
2307:"South Africa's Jacob Zuma survives Nkandla impeachment vote"
391:
Zuma and that by failing to implement it he had breached the
2071:"Presidency denies ConCourt found Zuma broke oath of office"
1887:"LAW MATTERS: Nub of apex court's ruling seems lost on many"
1573:"Constitutional Court judgment: EFF v Speaker; DA v Speaker"
905:"WATCH: Malema Asks Again When Will You Pay Back The Money?"
2361:"Ramaphosa and Gordhan voted in favour of Zuma, list shows"
1751:"When Judges make history: Earl Warren and Mogoeng Mogoeng"
1417:"Constitutional Court hearing: EFF v Speaker; DA v Speaker"
2822:"Gone Guptas: 'We must crush the head of the snake' – EFF"
2589:"Trainspotter: #ZumaMustFall Take Two, this time for real"
1623:"Nkandla ruling : Cons Court slams National Assembly"
1125:"WATCH: President Zuma jokes about Nkandla in Parliament"
564:'s approach to the powers of the Public Protector in its
495:
had acted unlawfully by failing to implement the report:
1860:"Judge Edwin Cameron: There is no constitutional crisis"
425:'s unanimous judgment was delivered on 31 March 2016 by
308:
The report proved highly controversial, as Zuma and his
1725:"Analysis: The Judgment at the end of the Nkandla Road"
2252:"Gwede Mantashe: ANC welcomes the president's apology"
936:"Mbete's incendiary remarks reveals bias and paranoia"
1780:"Courts have done their bit, now it's up to politics"
2539:"Ahmed Kathrada asks Zuma to resign Read it in full"
370:
handed down a judgment in a separate matter (namely
1448:"Jacob Zuma throws Nkandla defenders under the bus"
276:by failing to implement the recommendations in the
213:
205:
185:are binding unless set aside by a court. President
175:
125:
120:
105:
100:
89:
81:
73:
63:
53:
39:
2413:"Internal ANC politics will dictate leader's fate"
2336:"Why ANC MPs rejected the Zuma impeachment motion"
2174:"We stand firmly behind Zuma – ANC Women's League"
851:"Letter from President Zuma to Advocate Madonsela"
799:"Letter from President Zuma to Advocate Madonsela"
2439:"Key actors do not want president to go just yet"
1074:"In pictures: Zuma laughs as EFF MPs leave Parly"
568:judgment, because that was handed down six weeks
2771:"Gupta brothers linked to Zuma scandal leave SA"
2694:"ANC Gauteng has resolved that Zuma must resign"
2097:"Zuma did not violate oath of office Presidency"
2020:"Nkandla judgment – A short word on impeachment"
1019:"Fist fights break out in parliament #SONA2015"
497:
484:
455:
446:
2848:"We need to prepare an exit strategy for Zuma"
96:; 2016 (5) BCLR 618 (CC); 2016 (3) SA 580 (CC)
1994:"FULL TEXT: Zuma responds to ConCourt ruling"
1355:"President Zuma wants to settle Nkandla case"
1100:"Zuma jokes and mocks his way through speech"
8:
1834:"Mbeki praises ConCourt's Nkandla judgment"
823:"Letter from Jacob Zuma to Thuli Madonsela"
576:But the ANC continued to support Zuma. The
2888:Constitutional Court of South Africa cases
45:
36:
632:, and retired Constitutional Court judge
2464:"SACP not satisfied with Zuma's apology"
2123:"Zuma breached oath of office - De Vos"
1498:"WATCH: Full Nkandla ConCourt judgment"
993:"Parliament denies accusations of bias"
680:
368:Supreme Court of Appeal of South Africa
2668:"Zuma like PW Botha, says ANC veteran"
1446:Dlamini, Ernest Mabuza & Penwell.
2662:
2660:
2329:
2327:
2301:
2299:
1802:
1800:
1773:
1771:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1378:
1376:
967:"Baleka Mbete, a crime scene cleaner"
965:Makhanya, Mondli (14 February 2016).
7:
1809:"Did Zuma break his oath of office?"
797:The Presidency (11 September 2014).
686:
684:
263:Constitutional Court of South Africa
58:Constitutional Court of South Africa
2820:Munusamy, Ranjeni (11 April 2016).
2046:"Truth shall set you free, Mr Zuma"
856:. 11 September 2014. Archived from
432:. It confirms the SCA's holding in
355:As anticipated, the ANC-controlled
2720:"Gauteng ANC: Zuma must step down"
2692:Hunter, Qaanitah (12 April 2016).
2199:Munusamy, Ranjeni (1 April 2016).
1723:Grootes, Stephen (31 March 2016).
1384:"Zuma in a bind over EFF proposal"
1255:"Parliament adopts Nkandla report"
1229:Nhleko, Nkosinathi (28 May 2015).
934:Stone, Setumo (17 February 2015).
600:had voted against the motion. The
236:Public Protector's remedial action
25:
638:South African Council of Churches
2514:"Kathrada tells Zuma: Step down"
1885:Rabkin, Franny (12 April 2016).
1325:"Zuma Proposes Nkandla Solution"
832:. 14 August 2014. Archived from
331:Speaker of the National Assembly
261:is an important judgment of the
2846:du Preez, Max (12 April 2016).
1970:. 31 March 2016. Archived from
239:National Assembly's obligations
1:
2385:Wicks, Jeff (11 April 2016).
719:"Zuma's R65m Nkandla splurge"
610:South African Communist Party
27:2016 South African legal case
1699:"Legalbrief Today Home Page"
491:Mogoeng also found that the
197:by failing to implement the
338:State of the Nation address
40:EFF v Speaker; DA v Speaker
2909:
2745:"ZUMA'S FAITHFUL HIT BACK"
2024:African Legal Centre (ALC)
1421:African Legal Centre (ALC)
659:. Finally, members of the
442:South African Constitution
393:South African Constitution
274:South African Constitution
29:
2893:Economic Freedom Fighters
2883:2016 in South African law
2149:"Nkandla: Lest we forget"
1284:[2015] ZASCA 156"
319:Economic Freedom Fighters
233:Public Protector's powers
218:
180:
44:
1647:Berg, Marzanne Van Den.
875:"EFF Pay Back The Money"
748:www.thepresidency.gov.za
438:purposive interpretation
2826:www.dailymaverick.co.za
2639:"GO, CLERICS URGE ZUMA"
2231:www.dailymaverick.co.za
2205:www.dailymaverick.co.za
2153:www.dailymaverick.co.za
2050:www.dailymaverick.co.za
1755:www.dailymaverick.co.za
1729:www.dailymaverick.co.za
1627:www.dailymaverick.co.za
1602:www.dailymaverick.co.za
1184:www.dailymaverick.co.za
541:said the judges of the
181:Recommendations of the
1048:[2016] ZACC 8"
991:SAPA (22 March 2015).
602:Congress of the People
506:
489:
475:
464:
451:
366:On 8 October 2015 the
352:
223:Exclusive jurisdiction
209:Mogoeng CJ (unanimous)
115:[2017] ZACC 47
94:[2016] ZACC 11
85:CCT 143/15; CCT 171/15
1807:Serjeant at the Bar.
612:, part of Zuma's own
469:
346:
2121:Quintal, Genevieve.
2095:Quintal, Genevieve.
1577:African Legal Centre
1072:Sithole, Sthembiso.
543:Constitutional Court
529:. Political analyst
423:Constitutional Court
243:separation of powers
1942:Democratic Alliance
1749:Spector, J Brooks.
1243:on 17 January 2017.
691:Bhardwaj, Vinayak.
614:tripartite alliance
323:Democratic Alliance
2724:The M&G Online
2718:Letsoalo, Matuma.
2411:Matshiqi, Aubrey.
2340:The M&G Online
2334:Letsoalo, Matuma.
1813:The M&G Online
1778:Friedman, Steven.
1335:on 13 January 2021
1104:The M&G Online
1098:Gqirana, Thulani.
1078:The M&G Online
723:The M&G Online
578:ANC Women's League
476:
353:
315:Minister of Police
2800:Business Day Live
2775:Business Day Live
2672:Business Day Live
2493:Business Day Live
2443:Business Day Live
2437:Butler, Anthony.
2417:Business Day Live
2365:Business Day Live
2225:Poplak, Richard.
2018:Cachalia, Raisa.
1891:Business Day Live
1784:Business Day Live
1502:Business Day Live
1415:Cachalia, Raisa.
1388:Business Day Live
1361:. 2 February 2016
1290:. 8 October 2015.
1209:Business Day Live
1154:effighters.org.za
863:on 23 April 2016.
839:on 23 April 2016.
811:on 23 April 2016.
786:on 26 April 2015.
510:National Treasury
493:National Assembly
357:National Assembly
265:which finds that
251:
250:
191:National Assembly
16:(Redirected from
2900:
2878:2016 in case law
2863:
2862:
2860:
2858:
2843:
2837:
2836:
2834:
2832:
2817:
2811:
2810:
2808:
2806:
2792:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2781:
2767:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2741:
2735:
2734:
2732:
2730:
2715:
2709:
2708:
2706:
2704:
2689:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2664:
2655:
2654:
2652:
2650:
2635:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2624:
2610:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2585:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2574:
2560:
2554:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2535:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2510:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2485:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2460:
2454:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2434:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2423:
2408:
2402:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2382:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2357:
2351:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2331:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2303:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2284:on 11 April 2016
2280:. Archived from
2270:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2248:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2222:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2196:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2170:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2147:de Vos, Pierre.
2144:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2118:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2092:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2044:de Vos, Pierre.
2041:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2015:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2004:
1990:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1960:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1934:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1858:Staff reporter.
1855:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1830:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1804:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1775:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1703:legalbrief.co.za
1695:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1670:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1644:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1619:
1613:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1594:
1588:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1569:
1563:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1544:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1519:
1513:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1469:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1443:
1432:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1412:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1380:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1351:
1345:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1331:. Archived from
1323:Larsen, Annika.
1320:
1314:
1313:
1298:
1292:
1291:
1276:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1251:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1236:. Archived from
1235:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1201:
1195:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1176:
1170:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1160:on 15 April 2016
1156:. Archived from
1146:
1140:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1121:
1115:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1095:
1089:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1069:
1063:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1014:
1008:
1007:
1005:
1003:
988:
982:
981:
979:
977:
962:
956:
955:
953:
951:
946:on 22 March 2016
942:. Archived from
931:
925:
924:
922:
920:
915:on 25 April 2016
911:. Archived from
901:
895:
894:
892:
890:
881:. Archived from
871:
865:
864:
862:
855:
847:
841:
840:
838:
827:
819:
813:
812:
810:
804:. Archived from
803:
794:
788:
787:
785:
778:
770:
764:
763:
761:
759:
754:on 23 April 2016
750:. Archived from
740:
734:
733:
731:
729:
717:Rossouw, Mandy.
714:
708:
707:
705:
703:
688:
400:Jeremy Gauntlett
299:Public Protector
278:Public Protector
183:Public Protector
121:Court membership
49:
37:
21:
2908:
2907:
2903:
2902:
2901:
2899:
2898:
2897:
2868:
2867:
2866:
2856:
2854:
2845:
2844:
2840:
2830:
2828:
2819:
2818:
2814:
2804:
2802:
2794:
2793:
2789:
2779:
2777:
2769:
2768:
2764:
2754:
2752:
2751:. 10 April 2016
2743:
2742:
2738:
2728:
2726:
2717:
2716:
2712:
2702:
2700:
2698:Rand Daily Mail
2691:
2690:
2686:
2676:
2674:
2666:
2665:
2658:
2648:
2646:
2637:
2636:
2632:
2622:
2620:
2612:
2611:
2607:
2597:
2595:
2587:
2586:
2582:
2572:
2570:
2562:
2561:
2557:
2547:
2545:
2537:
2536:
2532:
2522:
2520:
2512:
2511:
2507:
2497:
2495:
2487:
2486:
2482:
2472:
2470:
2462:
2461:
2457:
2447:
2445:
2436:
2435:
2431:
2421:
2419:
2410:
2409:
2405:
2395:
2393:
2384:
2383:
2379:
2369:
2367:
2359:
2358:
2354:
2344:
2342:
2333:
2332:
2325:
2315:
2313:
2305:
2304:
2297:
2287:
2285:
2272:
2271:
2267:
2257:
2255:
2250:
2249:
2245:
2235:
2233:
2224:
2223:
2219:
2209:
2207:
2198:
2197:
2193:
2183:
2181:
2180:. 31 March 2016
2172:
2171:
2167:
2157:
2155:
2146:
2145:
2141:
2131:
2129:
2120:
2119:
2115:
2105:
2103:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2079:
2077:
2069:
2068:
2064:
2054:
2052:
2043:
2042:
2038:
2028:
2026:
2017:
2016:
2012:
2002:
2000:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1977:
1975:
1974:on 9 April 2016
1962:
1961:
1957:
1947:
1945:
1944:. 31 March 2016
1936:
1935:
1931:
1921:
1919:
1918:. 31 March 2016
1910:
1909:
1905:
1895:
1893:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1869:
1867:
1864:Rand Daily Mail
1857:
1856:
1852:
1842:
1840:
1832:
1831:
1827:
1817:
1815:
1806:
1805:
1798:
1788:
1786:
1777:
1776:
1769:
1759:
1757:
1748:
1747:
1743:
1733:
1731:
1722:
1721:
1717:
1707:
1705:
1697:
1696:
1692:
1682:
1680:
1672:
1671:
1667:
1657:
1655:
1646:
1645:
1641:
1631:
1629:
1621:
1620:
1616:
1606:
1604:
1596:
1595:
1591:
1581:
1579:
1571:
1570:
1566:
1556:
1554:
1546:
1545:
1541:
1531:
1529:
1521:
1520:
1516:
1506:
1504:
1496:
1495:
1491:
1481:
1479:
1471:
1470:
1466:
1456:
1454:
1452:Rand Daily Mail
1445:
1444:
1435:
1425:
1423:
1414:
1413:
1402:
1392:
1390:
1382:
1381:
1374:
1364:
1362:
1353:
1352:
1348:
1338:
1336:
1322:
1321:
1317:
1300:
1299:
1295:
1278:
1277:
1273:
1263:
1261:
1253:
1252:
1248:
1240:
1233:
1228:
1227:
1223:
1213:
1211:
1203:
1202:
1198:
1188:
1186:
1178:
1177:
1173:
1163:
1161:
1148:
1147:
1143:
1133:
1131:
1123:
1122:
1118:
1108:
1106:
1097:
1096:
1092:
1082:
1080:
1071:
1070:
1066:
1056:
1054:
1042:
1041:
1037:
1027:
1025:
1016:
1015:
1011:
1001:
999:
990:
989:
985:
975:
973:
964:
963:
959:
949:
947:
933:
932:
928:
918:
916:
903:
902:
898:
888:
886:
885:on 1 April 2016
873:
872:
868:
860:
853:
849:
848:
844:
836:
825:
821:
820:
816:
808:
801:
796:
795:
791:
783:
776:
772:
771:
767:
757:
755:
742:
741:
737:
727:
725:
716:
715:
711:
701:
699:
690:
689:
682:
678:
594:Cyril Ramaphosa
589:Jackson Mthembu
531:Steven Friedman
522:
430:Mogoeng Mogoeng
419:
384:
303:Thuli Madonsela
290:
247:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2906:
2904:
2896:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2870:
2869:
2865:
2864:
2838:
2812:
2787:
2762:
2749:Sunday Tribune
2736:
2710:
2684:
2656:
2645:. 9 April 2016
2630:
2605:
2593:Daily Maverick
2580:
2568:Daily Maverick
2555:
2530:
2505:
2480:
2455:
2429:
2403:
2377:
2352:
2323:
2295:
2265:
2243:
2217:
2191:
2165:
2139:
2113:
2087:
2062:
2036:
2010:
1985:
1955:
1929:
1903:
1877:
1850:
1825:
1796:
1767:
1741:
1715:
1690:
1665:
1639:
1614:
1589:
1564:
1539:
1514:
1489:
1464:
1433:
1400:
1372:
1346:
1315:
1293:
1271:
1246:
1221:
1196:
1171:
1141:
1116:
1090:
1064:
1035:
1009:
983:
957:
926:
896:
866:
842:
830:The Presidency
814:
789:
765:
735:
709:
679:
677:
674:
642:Paul Mashatile
630:Cheryl Carolus
622:Ronnie Kasrils
618:Ahmed Kathrada
598:Pravin Gordhan
582:Gwede Mantashe
521:
518:
514:Pravin Gordhan
480:President Zuma
418:
415:
383:
380:
289:
286:
249:
248:
246:
245:
240:
237:
234:
231:
225:
219:
216:
215:
211:
210:
207:
203:
202:
178:
177:
173:
172:
127:
126:Judges sitting
123:
122:
118:
117:
107:
106:Related action
103:
102:
98:
97:
91:
87:
86:
83:
79:
78:
75:
71:
70:
65:
64:Full case name
61:
60:
55:
51:
50:
42:
41:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2905:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2853:
2849:
2842:
2839:
2827:
2823:
2816:
2813:
2801:
2797:
2791:
2788:
2776:
2772:
2766:
2763:
2750:
2746:
2740:
2737:
2725:
2721:
2714:
2711:
2699:
2695:
2688:
2685:
2673:
2669:
2663:
2661:
2657:
2644:
2643:Weekend Argus
2640:
2634:
2631:
2619:
2615:
2609:
2606:
2594:
2590:
2584:
2581:
2569:
2565:
2559:
2556:
2544:
2540:
2534:
2531:
2519:
2515:
2509:
2506:
2494:
2490:
2484:
2481:
2469:
2465:
2459:
2456:
2444:
2440:
2433:
2430:
2418:
2414:
2407:
2404:
2392:
2388:
2381:
2378:
2366:
2362:
2356:
2353:
2341:
2337:
2330:
2328:
2324:
2312:
2308:
2302:
2300:
2296:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2269:
2266:
2253:
2247:
2244:
2232:
2228:
2221:
2218:
2206:
2202:
2195:
2192:
2179:
2175:
2169:
2166:
2154:
2150:
2143:
2140:
2128:
2124:
2117:
2114:
2102:
2098:
2091:
2088:
2076:
2072:
2066:
2063:
2051:
2047:
2040:
2037:
2025:
2021:
2014:
2011:
1999:
1995:
1989:
1986:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1959:
1956:
1943:
1939:
1933:
1930:
1917:
1913:
1907:
1904:
1892:
1888:
1881:
1878:
1865:
1861:
1854:
1851:
1839:
1835:
1829:
1826:
1814:
1810:
1803:
1801:
1797:
1785:
1781:
1774:
1772:
1768:
1756:
1752:
1745:
1742:
1730:
1726:
1719:
1716:
1704:
1700:
1694:
1691:
1679:
1675:
1669:
1666:
1654:
1650:
1643:
1640:
1628:
1624:
1618:
1615:
1603:
1599:
1593:
1590:
1578:
1574:
1568:
1565:
1553:
1549:
1543:
1540:
1528:
1524:
1518:
1515:
1503:
1499:
1493:
1490:
1478:
1474:
1468:
1465:
1453:
1449:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1434:
1422:
1418:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1401:
1389:
1385:
1379:
1377:
1373:
1360:
1356:
1350:
1347:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1319:
1316:
1311:
1307:
1305:
1297:
1294:
1289:
1285:
1283:
1275:
1272:
1260:
1256:
1250:
1247:
1239:
1232:
1225:
1222:
1210:
1206:
1200:
1197:
1185:
1181:
1175:
1172:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1145:
1142:
1130:
1126:
1120:
1117:
1105:
1101:
1094:
1091:
1079:
1075:
1068:
1065:
1053:
1049:
1047:
1039:
1036:
1024:
1020:
1013:
1010:
998:
994:
987:
984:
972:
968:
961:
958:
945:
941:
937:
930:
927:
914:
910:
906:
900:
897:
884:
880:
876:
870:
867:
859:
852:
846:
843:
835:
831:
824:
818:
815:
807:
800:
793:
790:
782:
775:
769:
766:
753:
749:
745:
739:
736:
724:
720:
713:
710:
698:
694:
687:
685:
681:
675:
673:
671:
666:
662:
658:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
626:Trevor Manuel
623:
619:
615:
611:
605:
603:
599:
595:
590:
587:
583:
579:
574:
571:
567:
563:
559:
558:Mmusi Maimane
555:
554:Julius Malema
550:
548:
547:Edwin Cameron
544:
540:
537:
532:
528:
519:
517:
515:
511:
505:
503:
496:
494:
488:
483:
481:
473:
468:
463:
461:
454:
450:
445:
443:
439:
435:
431:
428:
427:Chief Justice
424:
416:
414:
412:
408:
404:
401:
396:
394:
389:
381:
379:
377:
373:
369:
364:
362:
358:
350:
349:Julius Malema
345:
341:
339:
335:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
311:
306:
304:
300:
296:
287:
285:
283:
279:
275:
272:breached the
271:
268:
264:
260:
257:
256:
244:
241:
238:
235:
232:
229:
226:
224:
221:
220:
217:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
193:breached the
192:
188:
184:
179:
176:Case opinions
174:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
128:
124:
119:
116:
113:
112:
108:
104:
99:
95:
92:
88:
84:
80:
77:31 March 2016
76:
72:
69:
66:
62:
59:
56:
52:
48:
43:
38:
33:
19:
2855:. Retrieved
2851:
2841:
2829:. Retrieved
2825:
2815:
2803:. Retrieved
2799:
2790:
2778:. Retrieved
2774:
2765:
2753:. Retrieved
2748:
2739:
2727:. Retrieved
2723:
2713:
2701:. Retrieved
2697:
2687:
2675:. Retrieved
2671:
2647:. Retrieved
2642:
2633:
2621:. Retrieved
2617:
2608:
2596:. Retrieved
2592:
2583:
2571:. Retrieved
2567:
2558:
2546:. Retrieved
2542:
2533:
2521:. Retrieved
2517:
2508:
2496:. Retrieved
2492:
2483:
2471:. Retrieved
2467:
2458:
2446:. Retrieved
2442:
2432:
2420:. Retrieved
2416:
2406:
2394:. Retrieved
2390:
2380:
2368:. Retrieved
2364:
2355:
2343:. Retrieved
2339:
2314:. Retrieved
2310:
2286:. Retrieved
2282:the original
2278:www.enca.com
2277:
2268:
2256:. Retrieved
2246:
2234:. Retrieved
2230:
2220:
2208:. Retrieved
2204:
2194:
2182:. Retrieved
2177:
2168:
2156:. Retrieved
2152:
2142:
2130:. Retrieved
2126:
2116:
2104:. Retrieved
2100:
2090:
2078:. Retrieved
2075:Sunday Times
2074:
2065:
2053:. Retrieved
2049:
2039:
2027:. Retrieved
2023:
2013:
2001:. Retrieved
1997:
1988:
1976:. Retrieved
1972:the original
1968:www.enca.com
1967:
1958:
1946:. Retrieved
1941:
1932:
1920:. Retrieved
1915:
1906:
1894:. Retrieved
1890:
1880:
1868:. Retrieved
1863:
1853:
1841:. Retrieved
1837:
1828:
1816:. Retrieved
1812:
1787:. Retrieved
1783:
1758:. Retrieved
1754:
1744:
1732:. Retrieved
1728:
1718:
1706:. Retrieved
1702:
1693:
1681:. Retrieved
1677:
1668:
1656:. Retrieved
1652:
1642:
1630:. Retrieved
1626:
1617:
1605:. Retrieved
1601:
1592:
1580:. Retrieved
1576:
1567:
1555:. Retrieved
1551:
1542:
1530:. Retrieved
1526:
1517:
1505:. Retrieved
1501:
1492:
1480:. Retrieved
1476:
1467:
1455:. Retrieved
1451:
1424:. Retrieved
1420:
1391:. Retrieved
1387:
1363:. Retrieved
1358:
1349:
1337:. Retrieved
1333:the original
1329:www.enca.com
1328:
1318:
1309:
1303:
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