480:
390:
4453:
377:
654:
40:
493:
2550:
834:), Portugal exercised control over the coastal areas of Portuguese Guinea when first laying claim to the whole region as a colony. For three decades there are costly and continuous campaigns to suppress the local African rulers. By 1915 this process was complete, enabling Portuguese colonial rule to progress in a relatively unruffled state - until the emergence of nationalist movements all over Africa in the 1950s.
506:
454:
1717:
corruption and disorder to operate unimpeded. The army and police are alleged to be complicit, and a lack of boats or planes to patrol or control the vast sea-zone further brings them to turn a blind eye to cocaine shipments from Latin
America. The local population does not have access to the drug. Planes fly in, and use Guinea-Bissau's 88 remote islands, the majority of which are uninhabited.
467:
1033:. After the military coup, in 1980 PAIGC admitted in its official newspaper "NĂł Pintcha" (dated November 29, 1980) that many were executed and buried in unmarked collective graves in the woods of CumerĂĄ, Portogole and MansabĂĄ. All these events did not help the new country to reach the level of prosperity, economic growth and development the new rulers had promised to its population.
364:
581:
533:
410:
319:
212:
127:
2382:
770:, centuries old in Africa, was not yet the major feature of the coastal economy of Guinea. The expansion of trade occurs after the Portuguese reach this region in 1446, bringing great wealth to several local slave trading tribes. The Portuguese used slave labour to colonize and develop the previously uninhabited
1698:
The strategic and operational plan is composed of six pillars: (i) peace and governance, (ii) infrastructure, (iii) industrialisation, (iv) urban development, (v) human development and (vi) biodiversity. Each of the pillars is composed of a series of structuring projects to be financed either through
1707:
In the 1980s Guinea-Bissau was part of a trend in the
African continent toward the dumping of waste as a source of income. Plans to import toxic waste from Europe were cancelled after an international campaign to halt the trade. The government was offered a contract to dispose of 15 million tons of
1185:
program under IMF sponsorship. The tightening of monetary policy and the development of the private sector had also begun to reinvigorate the economy. Under the government's post-conflict economic and financial program, implemented with IMF and World Bank input, real GDP recovered in 1999 by almost
1177:
and caused widespread damage to the economy in 1998; the civil war led to a 28% drop in GDP that year, with partial recovery in 1999. Agricultural production is estimated to have fallen by 17% during the conflict. Cashew nut output, the main export crop, declined in 1998 by an estimated 30%. World
1680:
The financial sector of Guinea-Bissau is relatively underdeveloped: in 2013, financial intermediation accounted for 4% of GDP, banking penetration is below 1% of the population (IMF 2013. Article IV Consultations â Guinea-Bissau, IMF Country Report No 13/197) and access to finance is cited as the
813:
in 1499. The local
African rulers in Guinea, who prosper greatly from the slave trade, have no interest in allowing the Europeans any further inland than the fortified coastal settlements where the trading takes place. The Portuguese presence in Guinea was therefore largely limited to the port of
754:
There was a very small market for
African slaves as domestic workers in Europe, and as workers on the sugar plantations of the Mediterranean. The Portuguese found they could make considerable amounts of gold transporting slaves from one trading post to another, along the Atlantic coast of Africa.
1716:
Over the last decade
European consumption of cocaine is believed to have tripled, and West Africa has become a primary transit point for trafficking the drug from Colombia to Europe. Guinea-Bissau is the leading West African country in this regard, with smugglers taking advantage of government
1694:
On March 25, 2015, the
Government of Guinea-Bissau convened an international donor conference in Brussels. Hosted by the European Union with support from the UNDP and other partners including the African Development Bank and the World Bank, the country's major partners joined in welcoming the
1072:
Following the April 2012 coup d'Ătat growth plunged to reach -1.5% of GDP. In 2013, the country's GDP grew only by 0.9%. This low growth level during a period of democratic transition is explained by a combination of low administrative efficiency, low investments on account of the political
1190:
initiative and is scheduled to submit its
Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper in March 2002. Guinea-Bissau will receive the bulk of its assistance under the enhanced HIPC initiative when it satisfies a number of conditions, including implementation of its Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper.
857:. The Portuguese presence in Guinea was not disputed by the French. The only point at issue was the precise line of the borders. This was established by agreement between the two colonial powers in two series of negotiations, in 1886 and 1902â5. Until the end of the 19th century,
2045:
841:, but by the 19th century the Portuguese were sufficiently secure in Bissau to regard the neighbouring coastline as their own special territory. It was therefore natural for Portugal to lay claim to this region, soon to be known as Portuguese Guinea, when the European
980:, was the location where PAIGC guerrillas declared the independence of Guinea-Bissau on September 24, 1973. The war in the colonies was increasingly unpopular in Portugal itself, as the people got weary of war and balked at its ever-rising expense. Following the
1681:
second most important constraint for businesses. As of 2015, only four banks were operating in the country. According to the IMF, regional private foreign banks held about 65% of shares in the Bissau-Guinean banking system (IMF 2013). Banks are regulated by the
720:. Rather than becoming direct competitors to the Muslim merchants, the expanding market opportunities in Europe and the Mediterranean resulted in increased trade across the Sahara. In addition, the Portuguese merchants gained access to the interior via the
1685:
authorities. In the aftermath of the civil war (1998/1999), private sector credit had fallen below 1% of GDP. In 2003 the balance sheets of banks amounted to EUR 21.3 million. Since then credit to the economy has risen to nearly 13.8% of GDP.
845:
began in the 1880s. Britain's interest in the region declined since the end of the
British slave trade in 1807. After the abolition of slavery in the Portuguese overseas territories in the 1830s, the slave trade went into serious decline.
1708:
toxic waste over a 15-year period. The income from it was equivalent to twice the value of its external debt. After strong pressure from other
African countries and environmental groups the Guinea-Bissau government renounced the deal.
948:. Thus, during the 1960s and early 1970s, Portuguese development plans promoting strong economic growth and effective socioeconomic policies, like those applied by the Portuguese in the other two theaters of war (
3408:
971:
By 1973 the PAIGC controlled most of the interior of the country, while the coastal and estuary towns, including the main population and economic centres, remained under
Portuguese control. The village of
2069:
1012:
model that left the economy of Guinea-Bissau itself ruined. Similarly, the repression imposed on the population by his authoritarian single-party regime, and severe food shortages, also left marks.
909:
1004:
became the first president of independent Guinea-Bissau in the time after independence was granted on September 10, 1974. Already as the President of Guinea-Bissau, LuĂs Cabral tried to impose a
3448:
925:
tactics. Although heavily outnumbered by Portuguese troops (approximately 30,000 Portuguese to some 10,000 guerrillas), the PAIGe had the great advantage of safe havens over the border in
1025:
deposed him. Despite having always denied it, LuĂs Cabral was accused of being responsible for the death of a large number of black Guinea-Bissauan soldiers who had fought along with the
2013:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
4488:
3303:
630:
is the major crop and staple food. Due to European regulations, fish and cashew-nuts exports to Europe are totally prohibited as well as agriculture products in general.
1695:
country's new vision up to 2025, and to put pledges forth for its strategic and operational plan dubbed "Terra Ranka" (A fresh start). Pledges totalled EUR 1.3 billion.
3553:
869:
In 1951, when the Portuguese government overhauled the entire colonial system, all Portugal's colonies, including Portuguese Guinea, were renamed Overseas Provinces (
3740:
3187:
2957:
2151:
665:
From a European viewpoint, the economic history of the Guinea Coast is largely associated with slavery. Indeed, one of the alternative names for the region was the
2425:
1885:
B.W. Hodder, Some Comments on the Origins of Traditional Markets in Africa South of the Sahara - Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 1965 - JSTOR
1725:
As of 2019, only 28% of the total population had access to electricity, with only 7% of rural population and 56% of urban population having access to electricity.
895:
and fish were the main economic productions. The port of Bissau was one of the main employers and a very important source of taxes for the province's authorities.
3418:
2458:
735:
ware, cloth, tools, wine and horses. Trade goods soon also included arms and ammunition. In exchange, the Portuguese received gold (transported from mines of the
3326:
1762:
2648:
4115:
2179:
2653:
3362:
3102:
2300:
3413:
3346:
2663:
4483:
4435:
3715:
2942:
2837:
2748:
2471:
2270:
3423:
3398:
3296:
2879:
2638:
2507:
2070:"Providing Efficient Banking Services in a Fragile Environment: Structure, Performance and Perspectives of the Banking Sector in Guinea-Bissau"
611:
is among the world's least developed nations and one of the 10 poorest countries in the world, and depends mainly on agriculture and fishing.
2239:
2020:
1994:
1946:
2781:
1022:
3745:
2962:
1037:
2539:
2529:
2519:
4230:
3433:
2707:
2658:
1747:
1737:
1048:
4353:
2633:
2534:
2451:
4478:
3775:
3289:
2726:
2582:
2572:
2514:
2222:
1938:
1186:
8%. In December 2000 Guinea-Bissau qualified for almost $ 800 million in debt-service relief under the first phase of the enhanced
4105:
3438:
2702:
1757:
921:), the PAIGC. In 1961, when a purely political campaign for independence had made predictably little progress, the PAIGC adopted
2811:
2592:
2577:
1187:
985:
685:
in 1325, with 500 slaves and 100 camels (each carrying gold) the region had become synonymous with such wealth. The trade from
873:). New infrastructures were built for education, health, agriculture, transportation, commerce, services, and administration.
4205:
3615:
1926:
1044:
759:, and for sale in the Islamic Empire. The Portuguese found Muslim merchants entrenched along the African coast as far as the
2127:"Union européenne - SEAE (Service européen pour l'action extérieure) | Terra Ranka: un nouveau départ pour la Guinée-Bissau"
1911:
4313:
4280:
4235:
3213:
2786:
2738:
2549:
2444:
4240:
3815:
2977:
2697:
1752:
4070:
3260:
3256:
1959:
615:
crops have increased remarkably in recent years, and the country ranked ninth in cashew production for the year 2019.
1796:
2415:
4383:
4150:
4085:
4045:
3341:
2872:
2758:
2743:
2712:
2628:
2560:
1742:
666:
661:, a Portuguese company that traded in several commodities and slaves around the Guinea coast from the 15th century.
648:
3269:
2763:
2643:
2616:
2602:
2126:
571:
3940:
3403:
3312:
2830:
2791:
2773:
2597:
2587:
2479:
2420:
1074:
88:
1036:
In 1985 the first Chinese oversees fishing fleet to go abroad was sent to Guinea-Bissau, 13 trawlers from the
837:
For a brief period in the 1790s the British attempted to establish a rival foothold on an offshore island, at
1178:
cashew prices dropped by more than 50% in 2000, compounding the economic devastation caused by the conflict.
4155:
4140:
4125:
3965:
3680:
3336:
3252:
3127:
3117:
2922:
2753:
2524:
1030:
945:
165:
131:
2386:
669:. When the Portuguese first sailed down the Atlantic coast of Africa in the 1430s, they were interested in
4170:
4110:
4025:
3910:
3790:
3755:
3595:
3463:
3367:
3132:
3022:
2952:
2846:
2806:
2801:
2689:
2487:
2310:
2094:
1782:
1056:
120:
2359:
936:
Several communist countries supported the guerrillas with weapons and military training. The conflict in
4373:
4175:
4135:
4010:
4000:
3975:
3950:
3920:
3900:
3810:
3750:
3710:
3640:
3569:
3192:
3112:
3077:
3062:
3047:
3002:
2937:
2865:
2796:
1728:
In 2016, 99% of electricity generation capacity came from fossil sources and 1% from renewable sources.
1182:
953:
831:
3243:
431:
4368:
4250:
4160:
4145:
4030:
3980:
3875:
3860:
3830:
3630:
3620:
3067:
1181:
Before the war, trade reform and price liberalization were the most successful part of the country's
988:
began to negotiate with the PAIGC and decided to offer independence to all the overseas territories.
981:
965:
849:
Portugal's main rivals were the French, their colonial neighbours along the coast on both sides - in
592:
203:
2278:
435:
4408:
4403:
4393:
4298:
4270:
4190:
4185:
4165:
4075:
4060:
3995:
3960:
3855:
3795:
3770:
3765:
3735:
3700:
3695:
3665:
3645:
3549:
3443:
3167:
3142:
2992:
2987:
2967:
2932:
2917:
2497:
2249:
914:
842:
767:
756:
273:
190:
721:
4398:
4348:
4338:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4303:
4293:
4288:
4255:
4245:
4225:
4210:
4130:
4040:
4015:
4005:
3990:
3935:
3930:
3885:
3865:
3825:
3780:
3690:
3685:
3660:
3635:
3625:
3605:
3600:
3239:
3230:
3221:
3152:
3122:
3107:
3092:
3082:
3072:
3037:
3032:
2982:
2927:
2902:
2184:
1052:
686:
17:
4452:
3559:
39:
4418:
4388:
4363:
4343:
4333:
4308:
4265:
4220:
4215:
4180:
4100:
4095:
4065:
4050:
3985:
3955:
3915:
3895:
3880:
3845:
3835:
3705:
3675:
3670:
3650:
3610:
3377:
3162:
3157:
3097:
3052:
3012:
2907:
2888:
2502:
2410:
2218:
1990:
1942:
1934:
1017:
997:
949:
937:
904:
827:
794:
658:
653:
644:
423:
269:
223:
185:
2152:"Developing Public-Private Partnerships in Guinea-Bissau: Getting the Policy Framework Right"
4413:
4378:
4358:
4260:
4200:
4120:
4090:
4035:
4020:
3945:
3905:
3890:
3870:
3850:
3820:
3805:
3785:
3730:
3725:
3655:
3372:
3217:
3137:
3087:
3042:
3027:
3007:
2997:
2972:
2912:
1043:
In May 1997 Guinea-Bissau joined the francophone West African Monetary Union. Consequently,
973:
236:
2331:
1206:
resources is not a near-term prospect. The country produces 400,000 barrels/day of petrol.
964:. It was there, in 1973, that he was assassinated outside his house - just a year before a
4195:
4080:
4055:
3970:
3925:
3800:
3760:
3720:
3428:
3147:
3057:
2947:
2430:
2244:
1915:
1073:
instability and a bad cashew export season. Key macroeconomic indicators estimated by the
1026:
1005:
941:
294:
1829:
4442:
3574:
3331:
1930:
1909:
Widening trajectories: Guinea Bissau and Cape Verde since independence, Norrie MacQueen
1174:
1001:
760:
674:
623:
4472:
2467:
2211:
2206:
976:
in the southeasternmost area of the territory, close to the border with neighbouring
854:
838:
744:
608:
523:
84:
45:
786:, for black slaves captured by other black peoples in local African wars and raids.
4457:
3453:
3382:
1873:
740:
725:
717:
439:
755:
Muslim merchants had a high demand for slaves, which were used as porters on the
3579:
3564:
1908:
736:
678:
498:
395:
264:
180:
108:
68:
1797:"Global Economic Prospects, January 2020 : Slow Growth, Policy Challenges"
1173:-backed government troops and a military junta destroyed much of the country's
1807:
783:
771:
709:
705:
693:
which stretched along Africa's northern coast. Muslim trade routes across the
302:
96:
1199:
1195:
1009:
922:
892:
690:
199:
60:
3281:
2391:
2271:"Guinea Bissau requests INTERPOL assistance following major drugs seizure"
2436:
2274:
1850:
1213:
in 2009. In 2019 the minimal monthly wage was around 35000 CFA = US$ 60.
1210:
797:
was a Portuguese governative institution whose task was to deal with the
790:
698:
511:
459:
344:
622:, palm kernels, and timber. License fees for fishing in their sea-zone (
2305:
1203:
1170:
957:
926:
850:
472:
382:
2332:"How a tiny West African country became the world's first narco state"
1699:
direct donor support or through the mobilisation of private funding.
1216:
The following table shows the main economic indicators in 1980â2017.
977:
961:
956:), were not possible. In 1972 Cabral set up a government in exile in
930:
888:
880:
876:
858:
815:
779:
775:
732:
713:
694:
619:
612:
348:
336:
92:
49:
2857:
1876:, Urban Communities in Africa - Closed Systems and Open Minds, 1964
2492:
1682:
798:
789:
The slaves were sold in Europe and, from the 16th century, in the
748:
682:
652:
618:
Guinea-Bissau exports to Asia non-fillet frozen fish and seafood,
485:
369:
4436:
Special administrative regions of the People's Republic of China
884:
670:
627:
427:
340:
332:
298:
3285:
2861:
2440:
2102:
4443:
Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu
2397:
104:
100:
826:
As with the other Portuguese territories in mainland Africa (
704:
As the Portuguese extended their influence around the coast,
2548:
919:
African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde
2411:
Resources on Guinea-Bissau by the African Development Bank
728:
rivers which bisected long-standing trans-Saharan routes.
607:
comprises a mixture of state-owned and private companies.
4438:, participating as "Hong Kong, China" and "Macao, China".
910:
Partido Africano da IndependĂȘncia da GuinĂ© e Cabo Verde
1987:
Historical dictionary of the Republic of Guinea-Bissau
1015:
LuĂs Cabral served from 1974 to 1980, when a military
782:. They then traded these goods, in the estuary of the
3429:
Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights
1985:
Mendy, Peter Michael Karibe; Lobban, Richard (2013).
4441:
Officially the Republic of China, participates as "
4279:
3588:
3542:
3462:
3391:
3355:
3319:
3201:
3176:
2895:
2772:
2725:
2676:
2615:
2559:
2478:
2217:. Maryland, United States: Rowman and Littlefield.
626:) provide the government with some small revenue.
569:
561:
553:
545:
540:
520:
445:
417:
404:
355:
326:
313:
308:
288:
280:
258:
248:
234:
219:
197:
174:
158:
139:
119:
114:
78:
66:
56:
2210:
2159:African Development Bank: West Africa Policy Notes
1690:"Terra Ranka" (A fresh start): a new economic plan
801:and to fix the prices of the goods. It was called
697:, which had existed for centuries, involved salt,
2421:Guinea-Bissau latest trade data on ITC Trade Map
1933:, Edition: C. Hurst & Co. Publishers, 2002,
774:islands where they founded settlements and grew
1989:(4th ed.). Lanham (Md.): Scarecrow Press.
903:The fight for independence began in 1956, when
2014:"African Economic Outlook 2015: Guinea-Bissau"
1929:, A history of postcolonial Lusophone Africa,
986:left-wing revolutionary government of Portugal
968:dramatically altered the political situation.
3297:
2873:
2452:
2180:"African Nations Barring Foreign Toxic Waste"
1763:United Nations Economic Commission for Africa
8:
2046:"Report for Selected Countries and Subjects"
1895:
1893:
1891:
933:, both recently independent of French rule.
591:All values, unless otherwise stated, are in
29:
4276:
3304:
3290:
3282:
2880:
2866:
2858:
2731:
2682:
2621:
2565:
2459:
2445:
2437:
2213:The Illicit Global Economy and State Power
1927:A history of postcolonial Lusophone Africa
1899:H. Miner, The City in Modern Africa - 1967
1194:Because of high costs, the development of
38:
4489:World Trade Organization member economies
944:was the most intense and damaging of all
766:Before the arrival of the Europeans, the
1218:
1079:
1029:against the PAIGC guerrillas during the
1960:"THE CRIMES BEHIND THE SEAFOOD YOU EAT"
1774:
940:involving the PAIGC guerrillas and the
565:$ 170.2 million (31 December 2012 est.)
536:$ 1.095 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
3399:General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
1047:was converted as a national branch of
230:67% with less than $ 2/day (2015 est.)
28:
2354:
2352:
2121:
2119:
2063:
2061:
2008:
2006:
7:
2360:"Guinea-Bissau - The World Factbook"
2299:Parenti, Christian (February 2009).
1783:"Guinea-Bissau - the World Factbook"
1038:China National Fisheries Corporation
701:, textiles, fish, grain and slaves.
3409:Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures
2150:Arvanitis, Yannis (December 2015).
1748:Telecommunications in Guinea-Bissau
1738:Minister of Finance (Guinea-Bissau)
1151:Current account balance % GDP
1049:Central Bank of West African States
966:left-wing military coup in Portugal
151:4.6% (2019e) 4.9% (2020f)
2416:Mineral resources of Guinea-Bissau
1077:are presented in the chart below:
25:
4445:", and "Chinese Taipei" in short.
3419:Trade-Related Investment Measures
148:5.9% (2017) 3.8% (2018)
18:Economic history of Guinea-Bissau
4451:
3741:Democratic Republic of the Congo
3188:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
2958:Democratic Republic of the Congo
2385: This article incorporates
2380:
1758:Mining industry of Guinea-Bissau
1008:in the country, and supported a
580:
579:
532:
531:
504:
491:
478:
465:
452:
409:
408:
388:
375:
362:
318:
317:
211:
210:
126:
125:
1000:had been assassinated in 1973,
982:coup d'Ă©tat in Portugal in 1974
853:and in the region which became
4484:African Union member economies
4116:St. Vincent and the Grenadines
1169:Intermittent fighting between
1045:National Bank of Guinea-Bissau
960:, the capital of neighbouring
1:
2238:Walt, Vivienne (2007-06-27).
2277:. 2008-07-21. Archived from
2178:Brooke, James (1988-09-25).
1753:Agriculture in Guinea-Bissau
1051:, and the national currency
743:(a trade which lasted until
649:Economic History of Portugal
3414:Technical Barriers to Trade
1804:openknowledge.worldbank.org
1209:Mean wages were $ 0.52 per
1117:Real GDP per capita growth
1100:Real GDP per capita growth
1023:JoĂŁo Bernardo "Nino" Vieira
747:reached India in 1498) and
584:$ 356.4 million (2017 est.)
557:$ 263.5 million (2017 est.)
549:$ 246.2 million (2017 est.)
4505:
3342:International Trade Centre
2075:. African Development Bank
1743:Transport in Guinea-Bissau
1134:Budget balance % GDP
731:The Portuguese brought in
642:
260:Labour force by occupation
4431:
2824:
2734:
2685:
2624:
2568:
2546:
1703:Income from waste dumping
681:, made his pilgrimage to
588:
413:$ 383 million (2018 est.)
322:$ 188 million (2018 est.)
37:
4479:Economy of Guinea-Bissau
3716:Central African Republic
3347:Chronology of key events
3327:Accession and membership
3313:World Trade Organization
2943:Central African Republic
1075:African Development Bank
811:Casa da Ăndia e da GuinĂ©
605:economy of Guinea-Bissau
89:African Development Bank
3337:Dispute Settlement Body
2426:Africa's New Narcostate
1914:April 23, 2015, at the
1239:(in bil. US$ nominal)
1031:Portuguese Colonial War
946:Portuguese Colonial War
871:ProvĂncias Ultramarinas
865:As an overseas province
3439:Information Technology
3434:Government Procurement
3368:Doha Development Round
2553:
2387:public domain material
2095:"Tera Ranka - Accueil"
1057:West African CFA franc
918:
809:from 1482 to 1483 and
689:was controlled by the
662:
3746:Republic of the Congo
3570:Supachai Panitchpakdi
3103:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
2963:Republic of the Congo
2552:
1183:structural adjustment
954:Portuguese Mozambique
861:was the main export.
832:Portuguese Mozambique
656:
170:Rank: 214 (2017 est.)
4231:United Arab Emirates
2535:2010 military unrest
2205:Friman, H. Richard;
2099:www.teraranka.gov.gw
2026:on 19 September 2015
1255:(Percentage of GDP)
1068:Macro-economic trend
807:Casa da Guiné e Mina
757:trans-Saharan routes
447:Main import partners
357:Main export partners
193:(36.90%) (2017 est.)
4206:Trinidad and Tobago
4106:St. Kitts and Nevis
3616:Antigua and Barbuda
3550:Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala
3444:Marrakesh Agreement
3178:States with limited
2515:War of Independence
2498:African slave trade
2068:Arvanitis, Yannis.
1227:(in bil. US$ PPP)
843:scramble for Africa
768:African slave trade
254:731,300 (2013 est.)
80:Trade organisations
34:
3776:Dominican Republic
2889:Economy of Africa
2708:Telecommunications
2554:
2393:The World Factbook
2185:The New York Times
1095:2016 (projection)
1092:2015 (projection)
1053:Guinea Bissau peso
992:After independence
687:sub-Saharan Africa
663:
4466:
4465:
4427:
4426:
3424:Trade in Services
3378:Quota Elimination
3279:
3278:
3205:other territories
2978:Equatorial Guinea
2855:
2854:
2820:
2819:
2721:
2720:
2672:
2671:
2654:Political parties
2634:Foreign relations
2611:
2610:
2503:Portuguese Guinea
2428:- photo essay by
2240:"Cocaine Country"
1996:978-0-8108-8027-6
1947:978-1-85065-594-7
1673:
1672:
1167:
1166:
950:Portuguese Angola
938:Portuguese Guinea
828:Portuguese Angola
795:Company of Guinea
645:Portuguese Guinea
639:Early colonialism
601:
600:
562:Economic aid
424:refined petroleum
276:(18%) (2000 est.)
221:Population below
130:$ 3.821 billion (
16:(Redirected from
4496:
4458:World portal
4456:
4455:
4277:
4071:Papua New Guinea
3554:Director-General
3449:Doha Declaration
3373:Singapore issues
3306:
3299:
3292:
3283:
3266:
3265:(United Kingdom)
3261:Tristan da Cunha
3257:Ascension Island
3249:
3236:
3227:
3203:Dependencies and
2896:Sovereign states
2882:
2875:
2868:
2859:
2840:
2833:
2732:
2693:
2683:
2622:
2566:
2540:2012 coup d'Ă©tat
2530:2003 coup d'Ă©tat
2520:1980 coup d'Ă©tat
2488:Regional history
2461:
2454:
2447:
2438:
2401:
2384:
2383:
2374:
2373:
2371:
2370:
2356:
2347:
2346:
2344:
2343:
2328:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2318:
2309:. Archived from
2301:"The Drug Coast"
2296:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2286:
2267:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2257:
2248:. Archived from
2235:
2229:
2228:
2216:
2202:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2192:
2175:
2169:
2168:
2166:
2165:
2156:
2147:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2137:
2123:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2110:
2101:. Archived from
2091:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2074:
2065:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2052:
2042:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2025:
2019:. Archived from
2018:
2010:
2001:
2000:
1982:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1955:
1949:
1924:
1918:
1906:
1900:
1897:
1886:
1883:
1877:
1871:
1865:
1864:
1862:
1861:
1847:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1826:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1801:
1793:
1787:
1786:
1779:
1712:Drug trafficking
1676:Financial sector
1219:
1089:2014 (estimate)
1083:Real GDP growth
1080:
1055:was replaced by
899:Independence war
657:The flag of the
634:Economic history
583:
582:
574:
573:Foreign reserves
535:
534:
526:
510:
508:
507:
497:
495:
494:
484:
482:
481:
471:
469:
468:
458:
456:
455:
432:soups and broths
412:
411:
394:
392:
391:
381:
379:
378:
368:
366:
365:
321:
320:
239:
238:Gini coefficient
226:
215:0.2% (2019 est.)
214:
213:
129:
128:
44:Central Bank of
42:
35:
33:
21:
4504:
4503:
4499:
4498:
4497:
4495:
4494:
4493:
4469:
4468:
4467:
4462:
4450:
4423:
4275:
4151:Solomon Islands
4046:North Macedonia
3584:
3560:Roberto AzevĂȘdo
3538:
3465:
3458:
3387:
3351:
3315:
3310:
3280:
3275:
3274:
3264:
3247:
3234:
3225:
3206:
3204:
3197:
3181:
3179:
3172:
2891:
2886:
2856:
2851:
2843:
2836:
2829:
2816:
2768:
2717:
2691:
2668:
2607:
2555:
2544:
2474:
2465:
2431:The Global Post
2407:
2390:
2381:
2378:
2377:
2368:
2366:
2358:
2357:
2350:
2341:
2339:
2330:
2329:
2325:
2316:
2314:
2313:on June 1, 2009
2298:
2297:
2293:
2284:
2282:
2269:
2268:
2264:
2255:
2253:
2252:on July 1, 2007
2237:
2236:
2232:
2225:
2204:
2203:
2199:
2190:
2188:
2177:
2176:
2172:
2163:
2161:
2154:
2149:
2148:
2144:
2135:
2133:
2125:
2124:
2117:
2108:
2106:
2093:
2092:
2088:
2078:
2076:
2072:
2067:
2066:
2059:
2050:
2048:
2044:
2043:
2039:
2029:
2027:
2023:
2016:
2012:
2011:
2004:
1997:
1984:
1983:
1979:
1969:
1967:
1966:. newyorker.com
1957:
1956:
1952:
1925:
1921:
1916:Wayback Machine
1907:
1903:
1898:
1889:
1884:
1880:
1872:
1868:
1859:
1857:
1849:
1848:
1844:
1834:
1832:
1830:"Guinea-Bissau"
1828:
1827:
1823:
1813:
1811:
1799:
1795:
1794:
1790:
1781:
1780:
1776:
1771:
1734:
1723:
1714:
1705:
1692:
1678:
1254:
1253:Government debt
1249:
1244:
1231:GDP per capita
1070:
1065:
1027:Portuguese Army
1006:planned economy
996:As his brother
994:
942:Portuguese Army
901:
867:
824:
716:, they created
651:
643:Main articles:
641:
636:
597:
576:
572:
541:Public finances
528:
524:
515:
505:
503:
502:
492:
490:
489:
479:
477:
476:
466:
464:
463:
453:
451:
448:
420:
399:
389:
387:
386:
376:
374:
373:
363:
361:
358:
329:
295:food processing
291:
290:Main industries
268:
261:
251:
241:
237:
227:
222:
207:
189:
184:
177:
169:
161:
154:
142:
135:
81:
71:
52:
31:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4502:
4500:
4492:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4471:
4470:
4464:
4463:
4447:
4446:
4439:
4432:
4429:
4428:
4425:
4424:
4422:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4314:Czech Republic
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4285:
4283:
4281:European Union
4274:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4236:United Kingdom
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3592:
3590:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3582:
3577:
3575:Alejandro Jara
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3546:
3544:
3540:
3539:
3537:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3470:
3468:
3460:
3459:
3457:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3395:
3393:
3389:
3388:
3386:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3359:
3357:
3353:
3352:
3350:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3332:Appellate Body
3329:
3323:
3321:
3317:
3316:
3311:
3309:
3308:
3301:
3294:
3286:
3277:
3276:
3273:
3272:
3270:Western Sahara
3267:
3250:
3237:
3228:
3214:Canary Islands
3210:
3209:
3207:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3195:
3190:
3184:
3182:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2899:
2897:
2893:
2892:
2887:
2885:
2884:
2877:
2870:
2862:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2849:
2842:
2841:
2834:
2826:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2778:
2776:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2735:
2729:
2723:
2722:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2686:
2680:
2674:
2673:
2670:
2669:
2667:
2666:
2664:Prime Minister
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2625:
2619:
2613:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2569:
2563:
2557:
2556:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2511:
2510:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2484:
2482:
2476:
2475:
2466:
2464:
2463:
2456:
2449:
2441:
2435:
2434:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2406:
2405:External links
2403:
2376:
2375:
2348:
2323:
2291:
2262:
2230:
2223:
2197:
2170:
2142:
2131:eeas.europa.eu
2115:
2086:
2057:
2037:
2002:
1995:
1977:
1964:The New Yorker
1950:
1931:Patrick Chabal
1919:
1901:
1887:
1878:
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1264:
1261:
1257:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1235:
1233:(in US$ PPP)
1229:
1223:
1175:infrastructure
1165:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1148:
1147:
1144:
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998:AmĂlcar Cabral
993:
990:
905:AmĂlcar Cabral
900:
897:
866:
863:
823:
820:
761:Bight of Benin
712:(by 1445) and
691:Islamic Empire
677:, king of the
659:Guinea Company
640:
637:
635:
632:
624:Gulf of Guinea
599:
598:
589:
586:
585:
577:
570:
567:
566:
563:
559:
558:
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551:
550:
547:
543:
542:
538:
537:
529:
521:
518:
517:
449:
446:
443:
442:
436:wheat products
421:
418:
415:
414:
406:
402:
401:
359:
356:
353:
352:
330:
327:
324:
323:
315:
311:
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306:
305:
292:
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286:
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262:
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256:
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232:
231:
228:
220:
217:
216:
208:
198:
195:
194:
178:
175:
172:
171:
162:
160:GDP per capita
159:
156:
155:
153:
152:
149:
145:
143:
140:
137:
136:
123:
117:
116:
112:
111:
82:
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76:
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72:
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64:
63:
58:
54:
53:
43:
24:
14:
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10:
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4241:United States
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
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4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3941:Liechtenstein
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3841:Guinea-Bissau
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3593:
3591:
3587:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3555:
3551:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3541:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3471:
3469:
3467:
3461:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3396:
3394:
3390:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3354:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3324:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3307:
3302:
3300:
3295:
3293:
3288:
3287:
3284:
3271:
3268:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3251:
3245:
3241:
3238:
3232:
3229:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3212:
3211:
3208:
3200:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3175:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3018:Guinea-Bissau
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2894:
2890:
2883:
2878:
2876:
2871:
2869:
2864:
2863:
2860:
2848:
2845:
2844:
2839:
2835:
2832:
2828:
2827:
2823:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2779:
2777:
2775:
2771:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2749:Ethnic groups
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2736:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2724:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2688:
2687:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2675:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2614:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2570:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2558:
2551:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2509:
2506:
2505:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2468:Guinea-Bissau
2462:
2457:
2455:
2450:
2448:
2443:
2442:
2439:
2433:
2432:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2408:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2395:
2394:
2388:
2365:
2361:
2355:
2353:
2349:
2337:
2333:
2327:
2324:
2312:
2308:
2307:
2302:
2295:
2292:
2281:on 2008-08-14
2280:
2276:
2272:
2266:
2263:
2251:
2247:
2246:
2241:
2234:
2231:
2226:
2224:0-8476-9303-1
2220:
2215:
2214:
2208:
2207:Peter Andreas
2201:
2198:
2187:
2186:
2181:
2174:
2171:
2160:
2153:
2146:
2143:
2132:
2128:
2122:
2120:
2116:
2105:on 2016-02-06
2104:
2100:
2096:
2090:
2087:
2071:
2064:
2062:
2058:
2047:
2041:
2038:
2022:
2015:
2009:
2007:
2003:
1998:
1992:
1988:
1981:
1978:
1965:
1961:
1958:Urbina, Ian.
1954:
1951:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1939:1-85065-594-4
1936:
1932:
1928:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1913:
1910:
1905:
1902:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1888:
1882:
1879:
1875:
1870:
1867:
1856:
1852:
1846:
1843:
1831:
1825:
1822:
1810:. p. 147
1809:
1805:
1798:
1792:
1789:
1784:
1778:
1775:
1768:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1720:
1718:
1711:
1709:
1702:
1700:
1696:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1675:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1603:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1558:
1557:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1534:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1298:112.7 %
1297:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1252:
1250:(in Percent)
1247:
1242:
1240:
1236:
1234:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1207:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1192:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1176:
1172:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1067:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1041:
1039:
1034:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1019:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
991:
989:
987:
983:
979:
975:
974:Madina do Boé
969:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
934:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
911:
906:
898:
896:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
872:
864:
862:
860:
856:
855:French Guinea
852:
847:
844:
840:
835:
833:
829:
821:
819:
817:
812:
808:
804:
803:Casa da Guiné
800:
796:
792:
787:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
764:
762:
758:
752:
750:
746:
745:Vasco da Gama
742:
738:
734:
729:
727:
723:
719:
718:trading posts
715:
711:
707:
702:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
673:. Ever since
672:
668:
660:
655:
650:
646:
638:
633:
631:
629:
625:
621:
616:
614:
610:
609:Guinea-Bissau
606:
596:
594:
587:
578:
575:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
539:
530:
527:
525:external debt
519:
513:
500:
487:
474:
461:
450:
444:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
422:
416:
407:
403:
397:
396:Cote d'Ivoire
384:
371:
360:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
331:
325:
316:
312:
307:
304:
300:
296:
293:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
266:
263:
257:
253:
247:
243:
240:
233:
229:
225:
218:
209:
205:
201:
196:
192:
187:
182:
179:
176:GDP by sector
173:
168:) (2017 est.)
167:
163:
157:
150:
147:
146:
144:
138:
134:) (2019 est.)
133:
124:
122:
118:
113:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
83:
77:
74:Calendar Year
73:
70:
65:
62:
59:
55:
51:
47:
46:Guinea-Bissau
41:
36:
32:Guinea-Bissau
27:
19:
4449:
4448:
4156:South Africa
4141:Sierra Leone
4126:Saudi Arabia
3840:
3681:Burkina Faso
3454:Bali Package
3383:Peace Clause
3253:Saint Helena
3224:
3128:South Africa
3118:Sierra Leone
3017:
2923:Burkina Faso
2787:Coat of arms
2739:Demographics
2677:
2639:Human rights
2429:
2392:
2379:
2367:. Retrieved
2363:
2340:. Retrieved
2338:. 2008-03-09
2336:the Guardian
2335:
2326:
2315:. Retrieved
2311:the original
2304:
2294:
2283:. Retrieved
2279:the original
2265:
2254:. Retrieved
2250:the original
2243:
2233:
2212:
2200:
2189:. Retrieved
2183:
2173:
2162:. Retrieved
2158:
2145:
2134:. Retrieved
2130:
2107:. Retrieved
2103:the original
2098:
2089:
2077:. Retrieved
2049:. Retrieved
2040:
2028:. Retrieved
2021:the original
1986:
1980:
1968:. Retrieved
1963:
1953:
1922:
1904:
1881:
1874:A.L. Epstein
1869:
1858:. Retrieved
1854:
1845:
1833:. Retrieved
1824:
1812:. Retrieved
1803:
1791:
1777:
1727:
1724:
1715:
1706:
1697:
1693:
1679:
1597:â1.0 %
1548:â1.7 %
1482:â1.6 %
1459:10.4 %
1344:45.1 %
1321:33.0 %
1275:65.8 %
1238:
1232:
1226:
1215:
1208:
1202:, and other
1193:
1180:
1168:
1071:
1042:
1035:
1016:
1014:
995:
970:
935:
908:
907:founded the
902:
875:
870:
868:
848:
836:
825:
822:Colonial era
810:
806:
802:
788:
765:
753:
730:
703:
664:
617:
604:
602:
590:
440:malt extract
419:Import goods
328:Export goods
281:Unemployment
250:Labour force
224:poverty line
26:
4384:Netherlands
4171:Switzerland
4086:Philippines
4026:New Zealand
3911:South Korea
3791:El Salvador
3756:Ivory Coast
3596:Afghanistan
3580:Rufus Yerxa
3565:Pascal Lamy
3534:13th (2024)
3529:12th (2022)
3524:11th (2017)
3519:10th (2015)
3466:Conferences
3464:Ministerial
3404:Agriculture
3180:recognition
3133:South Sudan
3023:Ivory Coast
2698:Agriculture
2364:www.cia.gov
1970:18 November
1855:www.fao.org
1666:1.1 %
1663:5.5 %
1643:1.5 %
1640:5.8 %
1620:1.5 %
1617:6.1 %
1594:1.0 %
1574:0.8 %
1571:3.3 %
1551:2.1 %
1528:5.0 %
1525:8.0 %
1505:1.0 %
1502:4.6 %
1485:159 %
1479:3.4 %
1462:163 %
1456:3.2 %
1439:177 %
1436:4.6 %
1433:3.3 %
1416:204 %
1413:2.0 %
1410:2.0 %
1393:222 %
1390:3.4 %
1387:7.1 %
1370:234 %
1367:8.6 %
1364:9.0 %
1341:4.0 %
1318:4.6 %
1295:4.3 %
1272:4.9 %
1063:Present day
1018:coup d'Ă©tat
1002:LuĂs Cabral
739:deposits),
679:Mali Empire
667:Slave Coast
499:Netherlands
303:soft drinks
265:agriculture
244:50.7 (2010)
181:agriculture
109:Group of 77
69:Fiscal year
30:Economy of
4473:Categories
4374:Luxembourg
4176:Tajikistan
4136:Seychelles
4011:Mozambique
4001:Montenegro
3976:Mauritania
3951:Madagascar
3921:Kyrgyzstan
3901:Kazakhstan
3811:The Gambia
3751:Costa Rica
3711:Cape Verde
3641:Bangladesh
3514:9th (2013)
3509:8th (2011)
3504:7th (2009)
3499:6th (2005)
3494:5th (2003)
3489:4th (2001)
3484:3rd (1999)
3479:2nd (1998)
3474:1st (1996)
3392:Agreements
3235:(Portugal)
3193:Somaliland
3113:Seychelles
3078:Mozambique
3063:Mauritania
3048:Madagascar
3003:The Gambia
2938:Cape Verde
2692:(currency)
2649:Parliament
2369:2021-07-05
2342:2020-10-17
2317:2009-07-13
2285:2009-07-13
2256:2009-07-13
2191:2008-03-25
2164:2016-01-28
2136:2016-01-28
2109:2016-01-28
2079:20 January
2051:2018-09-09
2030:20 January
1860:2021-07-05
1835:27 October
1814:22 January
1808:World Bank
1769:References
1669:42 %
1646:49 %
1623:50 %
1600:55 %
1577:54 %
1554:53 %
1531:50 %
1508:68 %
1243:GDP growth
1171:Senegalese
984:, the new
915:Portuguese
784:Geba River
772:Cape Verde
710:Senegambia
706:Mauritania
675:Mansa Musa
593:US dollars
141:GDP growth
115:Statistics
97:World Bank
4369:Lithuania
4251:Venezuela
4161:Sri Lanka
4146:Singapore
4111:St. Lucia
4031:Nicaragua
3981:Mauritius
3876:Indonesia
3861:Hong Kong
3831:Guatemala
3631:Australia
3621:Argentina
3363:Criticism
3068:Mauritius
2759:Languages
2744:Education
2713:Transport
2659:President
2629:Elections
2561:Geography
2525:Civil War
2508:governors
1851:"FAOSTAT"
1248:Inflation
1200:phosphate
1196:petroleum
1010:socialist
923:guerrilla
893:livestock
200:Inflation
164:$ 1,989 (
61:CFA franc
4409:Slovenia
4404:Slovakia
4394:Portugal
4299:Bulgaria
4271:Zimbabwe
4191:Thailand
4186:Tanzania
4166:Suriname
4076:Paraguay
4061:Pakistan
3996:Mongolia
3966:Maldives
3961:Malaysia
3856:Honduras
3796:Eswatini
3771:Dominica
3766:Djibouti
3736:Colombia
3701:Cameroon
3696:Cambodia
3666:Botswana
3646:Barbados
3259: /
3255: /
3248:(France)
3242: /
3220: /
3216: /
3168:Zimbabwe
3143:Tanzania
2993:Ethiopia
2988:Eswatini
2968:Djibouti
2933:Cameroon
2918:Botswana
2847:Category
2764:Religion
2644:Military
2617:Politics
2603:Wildlife
2472:articles
2275:Interpol
2209:(1999).
1912:Archived
1732:See also
1211:man-hour
791:Americas
554:Expenses
546:Revenues
512:Pakistan
460:Portugal
309:External
274:services
270:industry
191:services
188:(13.1%)
186:industry
57:Currency
4399:Romania
4354:Ireland
4349:Hungary
4339:Germany
4329:Finland
4324:Estonia
4319:Denmark
4304:Croatia
4294:Belgium
4289:Austria
4256:Vietnam
4246:Uruguay
4226:Ukraine
4211:Tunisia
4131:Senegal
4041:Nigeria
4016:Namibia
4006:Morocco
3991:Moldova
3936:Liberia
3931:Lesotho
3886:Jamaica
3866:Iceland
3826:Grenada
3816:Georgia
3781:Ecuador
3691:Burundi
3686:Myanmar
3661:Bolivia
3636:Bahrain
3626:Armenia
3606:Algeria
3601:Albania
3589:Members
3244:RĂ©union
3240:Mayotte
3231:Madeira
3226:(Spain)
3222:Melilla
3153:Tunisia
3123:Somalia
3108:Senegal
3093:Nigeria
3083:Namibia
3073:Morocco
3038:Liberia
3033:Lesotho
2983:Eritrea
2953:Comoros
2928:Burundi
2903:Algeria
2831:Outline
2792:Cuisine
2774:Culture
2727:Society
2678:Economy
2598:Sectors
2588:Regions
2583:Islands
2573:Borders
2480:History
2306:Playboy
1245:(real)
1204:mineral
1021:led by
958:Conakry
927:Senegal
851:Senegal
722:Sénégal
620:peanuts
473:Senegal
405:Imports
400:(2019.)
383:Belgium
314:Exports
4419:Sweden
4389:Poland
4364:Latvia
4344:Greece
4334:France
4309:Cyprus
4266:Zambia
4221:Uganda
4216:Turkey
4181:Taiwan
4101:Rwanda
4096:Russia
4066:Panama
4051:Norway
3986:Mexico
3956:Malawi
3916:Kuwait
3896:Jordan
3881:Israel
3846:Guyana
3836:Guinea
3706:Canada
3676:Brunei
3671:Brazil
3651:Belize
3611:Angola
3543:People
3356:Issues
3320:System
3263:
3246:
3233:
3163:Zambia
3158:Uganda
3098:Rwanda
3053:Malawi
3013:Guinea
2908:Angola
2812:Sports
2782:Anthem
2754:Health
2703:Mining
2690:Franc
2593:Rivers
2578:Cities
2470:
2221:
1993:
1945:
1937:
1721:Energy
1657:1,845
1634:1,755
1611:1,675
1588:1,596
1565:1,586
1542:1,546
1519:1,578
1496:1,461
1473:1,391
1450:1,366
1427:1,327
1404:1,279
1381:1,242
1358:1,150
1335:1,066
978:Guinea
962:Guinea
931:Guinea
889:timber
881:peanut
877:Cashew
859:rubber
839:Bolama
816:Bissau
799:spices
793:. The
780:indigo
776:cotton
741:pepper
733:copper
726:Gambia
714:Guinea
695:Sahara
613:Cashew
522:Gross
516:(2019)
509:
496:
483:
470:
457:
393:
380:
367:
351:(2019)
349:lumber
339:nuts,
337:cashew
267:(82%)
183:(50%)
93:ECOWAS
50:Bissau
4414:Spain
4379:Malta
4359:Italy
4261:Yemen
4201:Tonga
4121:Samoa
4091:Qatar
4036:Niger
4021:Nepal
3946:Macau
3906:Kenya
3891:Japan
3871:India
3851:Haiti
3821:Ghana
3806:Gabon
3786:Egypt
3731:China
3726:Chile
3656:Benin
3218:Ceuta
3138:Sudan
3088:Niger
3043:Libya
3028:Kenya
3008:Ghana
2998:Gabon
2973:Egypt
2913:Benin
2838:Index
2807:Music
2802:Media
2493:Kaabu
2389:from
2155:(PDF)
2073:(PDF)
2024:(PDF)
2017:(PDF)
1800:(PDF)
1683:WAEMU
1660:1.47
1654:3.14
1651:2017
1637:1.25
1631:2.92
1628:2016
1614:1.15
1608:2.73
1605:2015
1591:1.14
1585:2.54
1582:2014
1568:1.11
1562:2.47
1559:2013
1545:1.05
1539:2.36
1536:2012
1522:1.16
1516:2.36
1513:2011
1499:0.94
1493:2.14
1490:2010
1476:0.89
1470:2.02
1467:2009
1453:0.95
1447:1.94
1444:2008
1430:0.75
1424:1.84
1421:2007
1407:0.64
1401:1.73
1398:2006
1384:0.64
1378:1.65
1375:2005
1361:0.39
1355:1.37
1352:2000
1338:0.78
1332:1.14
1329:1995
1315:0.55
1309:0.84
1306:1990
1292:0.49
1286:0.62
1283:1985
1269:0.29
1263:0.44
1260:1980
1222:Year
1163:-1.2
1160:-0.8
1157:-0.5
1154:-4.1
1146:-3.4
1143:-3.9
1140:-2.1
1137:-1.4
1120:-1.5
1086:2013
749:ivory
683:Mecca
486:China
370:India
4196:Togo
4081:Peru
4056:Oman
3971:Mali
3926:Laos
3801:Fiji
3761:Cuba
3721:Chad
3148:Togo
3058:Mali
2948:Chad
2797:Flag
2245:Time
2219:ISBN
2081:2016
2032:2016
1991:ISBN
1972:2023
1943:ISBN
1935:ISBN
1837:2019
1816:2020
1347:...
1324:...
1312:872
1301:...
1289:719
1278:...
1266:562
1237:GDP
1225:GDP
1188:HIPC
1129:1.3
1126:1.6
1123:0.2
1112:3.7
1109:3.9
1106:2.6
1103:0.9
952:and
929:and
885:rice
830:and
778:and
737:Akan
724:and
699:kola
671:gold
647:and
628:Rice
603:The
488:10%
475:20%
462:31%
428:rice
385:28%
372:50%
345:ores
341:gold
333:fish
299:beer
272:and
2398:CIA
514:7%
501:7%
398:8%
284:N/A
204:CPI
166:PPP
132:PPP
121:GDP
105:WTO
101:IMF
48:in
4475::
2396:.
2362:.
2351:^
2334:.
2303:.
2273:.
2242:.
2182:.
2157:.
2129:.
2118:^
2097:.
2060:^
2005:^
1962:.
1941:,
1890:^
1853:.
1806:.
1802:.
1198:,
1059:.
1040:.
917::
891:,
887:,
883:,
879:,
818:.
805:,
763:.
751:.
708:,
438:,
434:,
430:,
426:,
347:,
343:,
335:,
301:,
297:,
107:,
103:,
99:,
95:,
91:,
87:,
85:AU
3556:)
3552:(
3305:e
3298:t
3291:v
2881:e
2874:t
2867:v
2460:e
2453:t
2446:v
2400:.
2372:.
2345:.
2320:.
2288:.
2259:.
2227:.
2194:.
2167:.
2139:.
2112:.
2083:.
2054:.
2034:.
1999:.
1974:.
1863:.
1839:.
1818:.
1785:.
913:(
595:.
206:)
202:(
20:)
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