Economy of the State of Palestine

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government bonds, and commodity stocks. After the dispersion of people in 1948, some individuals were able to recover a portion of their wealth through these investments. The passage suggests that data collected by the Mandatory government provides estimates of the wealth held in Palestine during that period. According to the data, the total ownership of capital in the country in 1945 amounted to 281 million Palestinian pounds. Of this total, approximately 47 percent (132.6 million pounds) was owned by the Arab community. The majority of this wealth (74.8 million pounds) was invested in rural landholdings that could not be transferred abroad. However, there were other assets, such as investments in foreign stocks and shares, which were in a form that could be recovered by those who went into exile. These foreign liquid assets amounted to just over 39 million pounds. Additionally, Arab banks in Palestine held 7 million pounds in bank deposits, and another 3 million pounds were deposited in the

844:. These activities created employment opportunities and stimulated economic growth. Additionally, agricultural exports, particularly citrus fruit, saw a marked increase during this period. The disruption of supplies from other parts of the Mediterranean due to the war, especially the actions of the Germans, created a higher demand for Palestinian citrus products. This presented an opportunity for both Arab and Jewish citrus producers to take advantage of the increased demand and contribute to the economic growth. Although many contracts awarded by the British Mandatory authorities during this period went to the new Jewish immigrants, Arab Palestinians also benefited from the economic opportunities. Arab Palestinians were able to provide cheaper labor, which made them attractive for employment in various sectors. They found employment in the railroads, large military construction projects, and government departments like the police. 992:(Hamas). The PA had a monthly cash deficit of $ 60 million-$ 70 million after it received $ 50 million – $ 55 million a month from Israel in taxes and customs duties collected by Israeli officials at the borders. After the elections, the Palestinian stock market fell about 20%, and the PA exhausted its borrowing capacity with local banks. Israel ceased transferring $ 55 million in tax receipts to the PA. These funds accounted for a third of the PA's budget and paid the wages of 160,000 Palestinian civil servants (among them 60,000 security and police officers). The United States and the European Union halted direct aid to the PA, while the US imposed a financial blockade on PA's banks, impeding the transfer of some of the 803:

closure policies in response to terrorist attacks in Israel, which disrupted previously established labor and commodity market relationships. The most serious effect was the emergence of chronic unemployment. Average unemployment rates in the 1980s were generally under 5%; while by the mid-1990s it had risen to over 20%. After 1997, Israel's use of comprehensive closures decreased and new policies were implemented. In October 1999, Israel permitted the opening of a safe passage between the West Bank and the Gaza Strip in accordance with the 1995 Interim Agreement. These changes in the conduct of economic activity fueled a moderate economic recovery in 1998–99.

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economy was mixed, as the peace process faced setbacks and the Israeli occupation persisted. In 1994, The Paris Protocol was signed, outlining economic relations between Israel and the PA, including provisions for labor movement and employment. Next year, the Israeli government imposed restrictions on the movement of Palestinian workers within Israel due to security concerns. The PA assumed control over some economic sectors, including tourism, trade, and investment by 1995. Until 1999 the Palestinian economy experienced a period of relative growth and stability with increased international aid and improved economic indicators.

959:, whose construction began in the second half of 2002, as one reason for the depressed Palestinian economic activity. Real GDP growth in the West Bank declined substantially in 2000, 2001, and 2002, and increased modestly in 2003 and 2004. The World Bank attributed the modest economic growth since 2003 to "diminished levels of violence, fewer curfews, and more predictable (albeit still intense) closures, as well as adaptation by Palestinian business to the contours of a constrained West Bank economy". Under a "disengagement scenario" the Bank predicted a real growth rate of −0.2% in 2006 and −0.6% in 2007. 594: 1873:'s official daily, praised Israeli treatment of Palestinian workers. With having added benefits such as transportation, medical and pensions, Palestinians are quick to leave their Palestinian employers and work for Israelis, whenever they have the opportunity to do so. Safety rules are enforced strictly by Israeli Workers' Union and physical examinations are done by doctors. The PA has passed labour laws but do not enforce rules such as the minimum wage, annual vacations, sick leave or extra payments for overtime work. 1533:

measures include the denial to operate in 60% of the West Bank under Israeli military administration (Area C), limitations on the importation of technology for ICT companies, requiring Palestinian operators to access international links via a company with Israeli registration, delaying in the provision of mobile broadband, the failure to set in place an independent regulator for the sector in the territories, and Israeli operators who lack appropriate authorizations who continue to operate in the Palestinian market.

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policy of Israel. Access to Jerusalem and the West Bank is controlled by the Government of Israel and access to Gaza is controlled by Hamas. Entry to the occupied Palestinian territories requires only a valid international passport but entry to Israel may be denied for Palestinians or Arabic visitors. In October 2009, a new project got underway promoting tourism and travel between the two areas. New business efforts and tourist attractions have been initiated in Jenin.

1983:'s report in 2019. World Bank Acting Country Director for West Bank Gaza Anna Bjerde said, "The economy, which in 2018 saw no real growth, is now facing a severe fiscal shock because of the standoff over clearance revenue transfers." The report states, "Against a background of declining aid flows, the recent standoff stemmed from Israel’s unilateral deduction of US$ 138 million from the PA’s clearance revenues in 2019 to offset estimated payouts to Palestinian martyrs and prisoners' families." 1677:

the political and physical barriers separating it from the rest of the West Bank. The ACRI report attributing the problem to "'the cumulative effects of annexation, neglect, rights violations and the completion of the separation barrier." Another contributing factor to the economic decline is the housing situation. The Israeli government has facilitated extensive construction for Israeli settler neighborhoods, but has severely restricted development and building for the Palestinian population.

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The historical and cultural significance of places like Bethlehem and Jerusalem draws tourists. Agriculture remains a crucial sector, with Palestinians cultivating crops, producing olive oil, and raising livestock. Some Palestinians work in various service industries, including education, healthcare, and technology. Palestine hosts numerous international non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and humanitarian agencies, which contribute to the local economy and provide employment.

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of the Gaza Strip's population was unemployed. The import and export prosperity in Palestine was impacted by the border restrictions and constant Israeli control in the West Bank and Gaza, which also weakened the industrial and agricultural sectors. In order for the Palestinian economy to prosper, the restrictions on Palestinian land must be removed. In the West Bank, the Israeli restrictions caused the Palestinian economy to lose $ 3.4bn (35% of the annual GDP), according to

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1987 to 1993, had a profound impact on the Palestinian economy. The Intifada led to widespread disruptions, closures, and restrictions imposed by Israel, which greatly affected economic activities and livelihoods. In 1991, the invasion of Kuwait and resulting Gulf War affected the Palestinian economy. The Madrid Conference, held that same year, improved economic collaboration between the Arab countries and Israel.

6270: 6280: 1604: 580: 552: 538: 493: 479: 437: 423: 566: 608: 868:. Furthermore, it mentions that at least 1.5 million pounds in the form of banknotes was brought into the country prior to the abolition of the Palestinian currency. This indicates that individuals who left Palestine took physical banknotes with them as they sought refuge or migrated to other regions. At least 1.5 million pounds in the form of banknotes was transferred to 335: 327: 299: 283: 150: 1223: 931:

the Israeli economy, such as construction, agriculture, and manufacturing. While there were some economic benefits from labor integration, the overall economic disparities between Israel and the occupied Palestinian territories persisted. Palestinians faced limited access to resources, markets, and capital, which hindered their economic development.

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people—about a fifth of the Palestinian labor force—entered Israel each day. After Palestinians unleashed a wave of suicide bombings, the idea of separation from the Palestinians took root in Israel. Israel found itself starved for labor, and gradually replaced most of the Palestinians with migrants from Thailand, Romania and elsewhere.

1725:, the economy improved in 2011, with a drop in unemployment and an increase in GDP. New malls have opened, local industry is developing and the economic upswing has led to the construction of hotels and a rise in the import of cars. Wide-scale development has been made possible by the unhindered movement of goods into Gaza through the 1836:, the agricultural sector formally employs 13.4% of the population and informally employs 90% of the population. Over the past 10 years, unemployment rates in Palestine have increased and the agricultural sector became the most impoverished sector in Palestine. Unemployment rates peaked in 2008 when they reached 41% in Gaza. 1479:. It is estimated to have a P90 (a level of certainty) of 0.03 billion barrels (4,800,000 m) of recoverable oil and 6,000,000,000 cubic feet (170,000,000 m). The estimated cost for the development of the field is $ 390 million, and it will be carried out under a production sharing agreement with the 1497:, located around 32 kilometres (20 mi) from the coast of the territory in the Mediterranean shore. It holds gas reserves ranging between 28 billion cubic metres (990 billion cubic feet) to 32 billion cubic metres (1.1 trillion cubic feet). These estimates far exceed the needs of the 1451:

the conflict, others believe that religious ideology, geopolitical strategies, and access to trading routes play a bigger role. Overall, the conflict in Palestine and the pursuit of oil and gas resources have deep historical and geopolitical roots that contribute to the ongoing tensions in the region.

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in 1993 aimed to prevent this, but was unable to keep the Palestinian economy from fluctuating. Currently, the Palestinian economy lives on foreign aid and customs revenue between Israel and Palestine. However, Israeli restrictions continue to hamper and fragment the Palestinian economy. By 2008, 71%

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In 2007, the economy in the West Bank improved gradually. Economic growth reached about 4–5% and unemployment dropped about 3%. Israeli figures indicated that wages in the West Bank rose more than 20% in 2008 and trade rose about 35%. Tourism in Bethlehem increased to about twice its previous levels,

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Palestinian exports peaked in 1981 followed by a decline through the 1990s. In the same time period imports nearly doubled, increasing a trade deficit of 35% of GDP in 1981 to a deficit of 45% of GDP in 1996. The first Intifada, a Palestinian uprising against Israeli occupation, which took place from

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in terms of economic development. This prosperity was attributed to several factors. Firstly, during the war, Palestine served as a center of British communications, which brought numerous benefits to the economy. The region benefited from contracts in transport, military construction, and supply, as

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and the Palestinian Authority, deteriorated in the early 1990s. Real per capita GDP for the West Bank and Gaza Strip (WBGS) declined 36.1% between 1992 and 1996 owing to the combined effect of falling aggregate incomes and robust population growth. The downturn in economic activity was due to Israeli

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proposed a $ 4 billion plan of private investment in the Palestinian economy. The plan was described as having the potential to significantly grow the economy of the West Bank, but no specifics were provided as to what projects were envisioned, who would invest the money, or what modifications might

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High unemployment in the Palestinian economy led about 100,000 Palestinians to work in Israel. By March 2014, about 45,000 permits were issued for work in Israel with further 25,000 issued for work in West Bank settlements. It is estimated 35,000 Palestinian work through illegal channels and without

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and tunnels between the Gaza Strip and Egypt. The current rate of trucks entering Gaza through Kerem Shalom is 250 trucks per day. This figure fluctuates depending on the level of interference with goods being brought into Gaza from Egypt through tunnels. The increase in building activity has led to

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In 2009, an economic "boom" began with growth reaching 8 percent, higher than in Israel or the West. However, with inflation around 9.9% that same year, real economic growth is actually negative insofar as purchasing power has decreased. Tourism to Bethlehem, which had doubled to 1 million in 2008,

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stated that her government aims to encourage international visits to Palestine, but the occupation is the main factor preventing the tourism sector from becoming a major income source to Palestinians. There are no visa conditions imposed on foreign nationals other than those imposed by the visa

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In 2010, 4.6 million people visited the Palestinian territories, compared to 2.6 million in 2009. Of that number, 2.2 million were foreign tourists while 2.7 million were domestic. This number of international visits is misleading, however, since most tourists come for only a few hours or as part of

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Palestinian agriculture suffers from numerous problems, blockades to exportation of produce and importation of necessary inputs, widespread confiscation of land for nature reserves as well as military and settler use, confiscation and destruction of wells, and physical barriers within the West Bank.

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Agriculture is a mainstay in the economy. The production of agricultural goods supports the population's sustenance needs and fuels Palestine's export economy. According to the Council for European Palestinian Relations, the agricultural sector formally employs 13.4% of the population and informally

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In 2009, the Israeli military removed its checkpoint at the entrance of Jenin in a series of reductions in security measures. In September 2012, EU activists stated that the Palestinian economy "lost access to 40% of the West Bank, 82% of its groundwater and more than two-thirds of its grazing land"

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GDP per capita in the Palestinian territories rose by 7% per year from 1968 to 1980 but slowed during the 1980s. Between 1970 and 1991 life expectancy rose from 56 to 66 years, infant mortality per 1,000 fell from 95 to 42, households with electricity rose from 30% to 85%, households with safe water

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In 2011, bilateral trade between Israel and the Palestinian-ruled areas reached $ 4.3 billion, with Israeli exports to the PA amounting to $ 3.5 billion and Palestinian exports to Israel amounting to $ 816 million. According to Nader Tamimi, chair of the Association of Traditional Industries in the

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The World Bank estimated in 2016 that restrictive measures placed by Israel on telecommunication operators in the West Bank have had a notable negative impact on the development of the Palestinian telecommunications networks, which is sustaining losses in the range of $ 1 billion. These restrictive

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was 25.9%. While exports were recorded at US$ 1 billion, with an import value of US$ 6 billion. Contributors to the national economy is service sector (47%), wholesale and repair (19%), manufacturing (12%), agriculture (7%), finance and banking (3%), construction (5%), information technology (5%)

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has estimated (2016) that at a minimum 78% of foreign humanitarian aid to Palestine finishes up in Israeli coffers. He draws the implication that foreign donor countries are thereby financing Israel's occupation. In return Palestinians receive the equivalent amount in food, goods and services from

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According to a 2012 report by the Association for Civil Rights in Israel and interviews conducted by the Forward, the decline of the economy in East Jerusalem has led to unprecedented levels of poverty, with 80% of the Palestinian population living below the poverty line. The main cause is seen as

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Palestine holds massive potential reserves of oil and gas. Over 3 billion barrels (480,000,000 m) of oil are estimated to exist off the coast and beneath occupied Palestinian lands. The Levant Basin holds around 1.7 billion barrels (270,000,000 m) of oil, with another 1.5 billion barrels

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is seen by some as intricately tied to capitalist interests and the pursuit of profit. The history of colonialism and the extraction of oil resources in the Middle East is seen as part of the wider context of the Israel-Palestine conflict. While some argue that fossil fuels have a marginal role in

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dates back to colonial times, with tensions and conflicts fueled by the desire for community, safety, and control of the land. The discovery of oil in the region further complicated the situation, as world powers sought to secure access to this crucial commodity. The intertwined history of oil and

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During the 1970s and subsequent years, a considerable number of Palestinians sought employment opportunities in Israel. This labor integration provided income and remittances, which had positive effects on the Palestinian economy. Palestinian workers played a significant role in various sectors of

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While trade is restricted due to political factors, Palestine does engage in some export activities. Palestinian products, such as agricultural goods and traditional crafts, are exported to regional and international markets. Despite the challenges, tourism plays a role in the Palestinian economy.

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The two regions are planning a joint industrial zone which would bridge the border. Palestinians would produce locally-made handicrafts and sell them through Gilboa to other regions of the world. Another possible project is a joint language center, where Israelis and Palestinians would teach each

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In 2008, the West Bank and Gaza economies were heavily reliant on foreign aid which stood at 1.8 billion. Approximately 30% of the GDP, or US$ 487 per Palestinian per year came from aid. Foreign aid provided essential services for nearly half of the Palestinian people, and allowed the Palestinian

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a day trip itinerary. In the last quarter of 2012 over 150,000 guests stayed in West Bank hotels; 40% were European and 9% were from the United States and Canada. Major travel guides write recently that "the West Bank is not the easiest place in which to travel but the effort is richly rewarded."

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The Oslo Accords, signed in the 1990s, led to the establishment of the Palestinian Authority (PA) and limited self-governance in parts of the West Bank and Gaza. The PA took on responsibilities in areas such as trade, investment, and public services. However, the overall impact on the Palestinian

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During the war, Palestine experienced a period of economic prosperity, which coincided with new forms of investment and trade that connected the region and its entrepreneurs to the global market. The profits generated during this time were invested in various financial instruments such as shares,

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Integration into the Israeli labor market provided Palestinians with access to job opportunities that were not readily available in the occupied territories. Palestinians found employment in various sectors, including construction, agriculture, manufacturing, and services. This helped alleviate

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of 2007 apply the law for work done inside Israeli settlements. Yet, there have been incidents where Israeli employers did not fulfill their legal obligations to the employees by refusing to provide a paycheck or hide the number of work hours to avoid labour laws such as minimum wage or social

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in 2007, was responsible for high levels of poverty and unemployment and a significant decline of the private sector which was heavily reliant upon export markets. Israel blamed Hamas for taking actions that led to the closure policy. A large part of the population is dependent on humanitarian

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In 2013, commercial trade between Israel and the Palestinian Authority were valued at US$ 20 billion annually. The continuously increasing transactions led to the creation of the joint Palestinian and Israeli initiative, the Jerusalem Arbitration Center (JAC). The center will specialize as an

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For 30 years, Israel permitted thousands of Palestinians to enter the country each day to work in construction, agriculture and other blue-collar jobs. During this period, the Palestinian economy was significantly greater than the majority of Arab states. Until the mid-1990s, up to 150,000

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served as an envoy. The Palestinian Authority responded by indicating that it would not trade its political aspirations for economic aid, but was assured that the plan was meant as a complement to negotiations, and not as a substitute. Peace talks failed for unrelated reasons without any

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in a Joint Committee. Recent cooperation to share access to foreign tourists has not proven successful in Palestine for many reasons relating to the occupation. Israel controls the movement of tourists into the West Bank. Foreign tourism is presently restricted to East Jerusalem and the

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experience additional difficulties as they are subjected to a siege, with Israel controlling the movement of people and goods in and out of Gaza. Nonetheless, there are limited business opportunities available in Gaza. Contrastingly, the West Bank provides Palestinians with more diverse

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be required in Israel's restrictions on the West Bank for the plan to work. The proposal was coordinated in association with the Quartet, a Middle East peacemaking group comprising the United States, Russia, the European Union and the United Nations, for which former UK Prime Minister

1816:(VAT) on Israeli goods and services and on average retained about $ 15 million for the payment of water and power bills of Palestinians, while forwarding the other $ 60 million to the PA. Israeli collected funds account for about two-thirds of the PA's self-generated revenue, which 1619:. Some analysts saw this as a more substantial way to lay a groundwork for viable institutions and for local peace. In August 2009, a state of the art web-based system for tracking goods coming in and out of the area by Palestinian customs was launched in partnership with the 1102:

and direct outsourcing to Palestinian companies. The company invested $ 15 million toward that end and drew in other major international investors and donors, including Microsoft, HP and Google. The Palestinian IT sector has since grown from 0.8% of GDP in 2008 to 5% in 2010.

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A significant portion of the bank deposits held in Arab banks in Palestine, amounting to approximately 10 million pounds, was transferred to Jordan. This transfer occurred as a result of the mass displacement of Palestinians during the 1948-1949 Arab-Israeli war, with many

1071:), telecommunication development and manufacturing equipment. The Palestinian IT sector grew from 0.8% of GDP in 2008 to 5% in 2010. The industry has seen a 64% increase in foreign business since 2009. The majority of Palestinian IT companies are concerted in the city of 1441:

has been benefiting from the oil and gas reserves beneath Palestinian lands and waters. Palestine has been unable to access these resources, resulting in a loss of billions of dollars of economic potential. Moreover, there are concerns about the environmental impact of

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was once the business and shopping hub of the West Bank. However, since the advent of Israeli security checkpoints and the separation barrier starting over a decade ago, it has become isolated from its customer base leading to serious economic decline. According to

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As a result of the Israeli blockade, 85% of factories were shut or operated at less than 20% capacity. It is estimated that Israeli businesses lost $ 2 million a day from the closure while Gaza lost approximately $ 1 million a day. The World Bank estimated the

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prompting Israel to sever direct ties between the West Bank and Gaza. The following war in 2008–2009 destroyed most of the economic infrastructure of the Gaza Strip and left the Palestinian economy without any remaining activity and $ 1.4 billion in debt. The

1895:. According to the Palestinian Finance Ministry, the PA received $ 583.5 million in budget support by August 2010, of which only 22 percent came from Arab states. The remainder was from international donors, including the European Union and the United States. 1409:

makes it difficult to separate conflicts in the region from the influence of oil and gas resources. The presence of billions of barrels of oil in Palestine, combined with the geopolitical interests of various actors, adds another layer of complexity to the

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of the Palestinian-American Chamber of Commerce, the turning point was 1993. He states that since then East Jerusalem has become a closed city through isolation from the rest of the West Bank causing a loss of 50% of its business between 1993 and 2001.

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Stonecutting is a traditional source of income for the Palestinian economy. The annual average output per worker in the stone industry is higher than in any other sector. There are 650 stone production outlets in the West Bank, 138 of them in

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Olives of Peace is a joint Israeli–Palestinian business venture to sell olive oil. Through this project, Israelis and Palestinians have carried out joint training sessions and planning. The oil is sold under the brand name "Olives of Peace."

6799: 6621: 1122:). Among the major VC firms listed are Sadara Ventures, Ibtikar Fund and Oasis500. Venture capital firms reported having invested just under US$ 150 million in over 40 Palestinian tech companies by 2017. The report also recorded 20 1086:, a computer hardware firm, plans to hire 15–20 Palestinian engineers as regular employees. Joint economic cooperation between Israelis and Palestinians officials has experienced growth over the past years. Starting in 2008, 39: 5503: 3765: 1845:

a permit. Recently the quota for permits has increased and minimum age for obtaining one was reduced from 26 to 24. Sectors in which Palestinians are employed include construction, manufacturing, commerce and agriculture.

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is developing the oilfield in the West Bank. Block-1 field, which spans an area of 432 square kilometres (167 sq mi) from northwest Ramallah to Qalqilya in Palestine, has significant potential for recoverable

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unemployment and provided a source of income for Palestinian workers and their families. The General Federation of Trade Unions, representing Palestinian workers, was founded to advocate for their rights and interests.

7131: 966:, there were shortages of bread and basic supplies due to closure of the al Mentar/Karni border-crossing into Israel. Israel's offer to open other crossings was turned down by the Hamas-run Palestinian authority. 1848:

As of 2013, average daily wages in Israel and the settlements is nearly 2.2 times higher than in the private sector in the West Bank and over 4 times that in Gaza. As of 2022, Palestinian monthly minimum wage is

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sector emerged in the Palestinian territories, supported by its proximity to Israel, and by 2013, 4,500 Palestinians worked in the IT sector, specializing in software outsourcing (including outsourced work from

3371: 1455:(240,000,000 m) barrels beneath the occupied West Bank area. Around 2 billion barrels (320,000,000 m) of oil reserves are believed to exist in shore of the Gaza Strip. According to a report by the 4487: 831:, including its Arab population, suffered severe economic hardships. The global economic downturn had an impact on the region, leading to economic decline and increased unemployment. However, by the end of 5091: 6852: 3737: 1414:. When it comes to the presence of oil and gas reserves in Palestine, there is an ongoing conflict between Israel and Palestine over the ownership and exploitation of these resources. In 1999, a 7042: 5730: 1110:

published a major report into the Palestinian technology sector entitled, "Tech startup ecosystem in West Bank and Gaza." According to the report, as of early 2017, there were 241 active tech

5220: 5876: 1553: 1483:. Currently, an initial pre-exploration work program is underway to prepare for designing an exploration plan for approval, which will precede the full-fledged development of the field. 6606: 7175: 5507: 6626: 4559:: Class and State in the West Bank. Neoliberalism under Occupation. In: Adam Hanieh, Lineages ef Revolt. Issues of Contemporary Capitalism in the Middle East, Haymerked Books, 2013. 1721:

An easing of Israel's closure policy in 2010 resulted in an improvement in some economic indicators, but regular exports from the Gaza Strip were still prohibited. According to the

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have gained renown for specializing in the production of a particular handicraft, with the sale and export of such items forming a key part of each city's economy.

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in Palestinian Territories, which has created a total of 1,247 jobs. The report also recorded 51 active investors in Palestinian tech companies (around 75 percent

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provide a significant source of income for many households. Palestinian economy relies heavily on donations and international aid from various sources, including

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was described as a hub of the economic activity thanks to improved security within the city, successful battle against corruption and large consumer base.

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rose from 15% to 90%, households with a refrigerator rose from 11% to 85%, and households with a washing machine rose from 23% in 1980 to 61% in 1991.

5529: 2577: 2399: 2364: 963: 3640: 1808:. In 2005 the PA collected approximately $ 34 million per month from taxes and other charges, while Israel collected about $ 75 million per month in 1764:

is also sometimes used for savings and for purchasing foreign goods. The dollar is used by the overwhelming majority of transactions overseen by the

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Over the past 10 years, unemployment rates in Palestine have increased and the agricultural sector became the most impoverished sector in Palestine.

1023:, with the help of funds from Qatar. In 2013, commercial trade between Israel and the Palestinian territories was valued at US$ 20 billion annually. 7185: 6895: 6862: 6751: 5848: 5278: 5228: 5188: 5126: 1542: 1276:

A large number of international brands operates their hotels in the Palestinian territories of both the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. These include

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rose to nearly 1.5 million in 2009. New car imports increased by 44 percent. New shopping malls opened in Jenin and Nablus. As an outcome of the

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employs 90% of the population. Around 183,000 hectares of land in the Palestinian territories are cultivated, of which around half is used for

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Economic conditions in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, where economic activity was governed by the Paris Economic Protocol of April 1994 between

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Because the root of the conflict is with land, the disputes between Israel and Palestine are well-manifested in the agriculture of Palestine.

7080: 6536: 4582:"Palestinian economy set to benefit from new online customs system - Business Intelligence Middle East - bi-me.com - News, analysis, reports" 3941: 2302:

Rabah, Arezki; Daniel, Lederman; Amani, Abou Harb; Nelly, El-Mallakh; Yuting, Fan; Asif, Islam; Ha, Nguyen; Marwane, Zouaidi (9 April 2020).

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Cobham, David (15 September 2004). "Alternative currency arrangements for a new Palestinian state". In David Cobham; Nu'man Kanafani (eds.).

1821: 970: 757:, Qatar, Turkey, the European Union, and non-governmental organizations. Contribution to the economy also comes from remittances sent by the 3331: 2779: 1004:). In May 2006, hundreds of Palestinians demonstrated in Gaza and the West Bank demanding payment of their wages. Tension between Hamas and 7212: 7190: 7063: 6819: 5909: 4946: 2477: 2448: 630: 5689: 5360: 5156: 3568: 1786:. At the same time, the use of multiple currencies increases the costs and creates inconvenience arising from fluctuating exchange rates. 1782:

Because the Palestinian Monetary Authority does not issue its own currency, it is therefore unable to pursue an independent and effective

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Small Enterprise Center opened in early 2008. Funded by Germany, the center has helped to promote computer literacy and marketing skills.

5424: 4034: 2640: 2619: 2556: 2527: 2244: 7038: 6915: 6756: 6566: 6159: 5555: 1289: 108: 3720: 2806:"Political Economy of Foreign Aid in the Occupied Palestinian Territories: A Conceptual Framing – Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO)" 7142: 6905: 6699: 5412: 1969: 1795: 1509:, Israel and Egypt were signed for developing the field and Hamas also gave approval to the Palestinian Authority. However, since the 1505:

in 1999. Upon the discovery of the gas field, it was lauded by Yasser Arafat as a "Gift from God". A regional cooperation between the

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Since 2010, Israeli high-tech companies have begun to employ Palestinian engineers. To date, most of them are outsourced workers, but

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In 2009, efforts continued to build Palestinian local institutions and governments from the ground up. Much of this work was done by

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has been actively claiming these resources for itself, approving licenses for companies to explore for more offshore gas fields. The

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proposed to construct a business center-cum-luxury hotel in Gaza. The project was later changed to another hotel, in the same city.

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Many advocates argue that foreign interests in extracting these resources from Palestinian lands are contributing to the potential

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In 2011, the Palestinian Planning Minister said that GDP growth was expected to reach 9%, rising to 10% in 2012 and 12% in 2013.

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and Jerusalem, as tourism serves as a significant source of income. Others engage in various types of enterprises in cities like

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Protocol on Economic Relations between the Government of the State of Israel and the P.L.O., representing the Palestinian people

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Due to the clearance crisis with Israel, the Palestinian economy was severely hit in terms of public finances, according to the

1437:, the oil and gas resources in Palestine should belong to the occupied territory and not the occupying power (Israel). However, 6992: 6824: 6766: 6679: 1628: 1381: 1265:. There is essentially no tourist flow to Gaza since 2005 because of the ongoing Israeli military land, air, and sea blockade. 5244: 1946: 6972: 6711: 6309: 4568: 4408: 4382: 1765: 1745: 5624: 4357: 4310: 4164: 835:, Palestine had experienced a significant level of prosperity and was considered one of the most advanced countries in the 7137: 6684: 6362: 5427:, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (KAS) a political foundations in germany for Mideast dialogue and cooperation, 26 October 2008. 2305:

Middle East and North Africa Economic Update, April 2020 : How Transparency Can Help the Middle East and North Africa

1933: 1730:

a shortage of construction workers. To make up for the deficit, young people are being sent to learn the trade in Turkey.

1486: 1322:. According to a 2019 U.N. report, it is estimated that over 3 billion barrels of oil exist off the coast and beneath the 1319: 1090:

began a concerted effort to jump-start the nascent Palestinian IT sector with a holistic ecosystem approach, encompassing

1044: 779: 7207: 3068: 880:. These transfers suggest that some individuals who left Palestine took physical banknotes with them to these countries. 7381: 7117: 6927: 6781: 6761: 6674: 6513: 5994: 5802: 4996: 4858: 4800: 1756:

is also used. The shekel is used for most transactions, especially retail, while the dinar is used more for savings and

1710: 1342: 1285: 7376: 6458: 3704: 7442: 6706: 6396: 6240: 5163: 4507: 2223: 1590: 1068: 726: 5305: 5039: 4892: 4721: 4257: 4060: 1334:

is believed to hold around 1.7 billion barrels of oil, with another 1.5 billion barrels estimated to lie beneath the

824: 4532: 4488:'Lifting Restrictions and Promoting Better Regulation to Unleash the Potential of the Digital Economy in Palestine,' 4335: 1972:

in 2012, Israeli and Palestinian trade experts met to discuss ways of promoting cross-border business interactions.

1857:

5,300. In the West Bank, Israeli labour laws are partially applied through military enactments, and a ruling of the

7068: 6199: 6104: 5864: 5015: 2150: 2145: 1776: 1574: 978: 5450: 4585: 4009: 7287: 6982: 6967: 6611: 6302: 5533: 4463: 3681: 1686: 1471: 1411: 956: 674: 644: 6523: 6490: 4631: 4609: 1998: 1318:

has become a contentious issue, with some advocates suggesting that these fossil fuel resources are influencing

1204:. The quarried material is cut into a rich range of pink, sand, golden, and off-white bricks and tiles known as 7307: 6890: 6209: 5926: 5902: 4035:"Palestine News & Info Agency - WAFA - Tourism in Palestine an Act of Solidarity, says Minister of Tourism" 3505: 2445: 1241: 986: 5000: 2875: 5386: 3612: 2682: 778:, ranging from trading to construction and IT services. Furthermore, approximately 100,000 Palestinians find 7292: 7267: 7242: 7217: 7201: 7053: 6463: 6406: 6154: 6119: 6074: 5807: 5206: 3666:

Peace Through Profits? Inside The Secret Tech Ventures That Are Reshaping The Israeli-Arab-Palestinian World

1858: 1748:, the Palestinians are not allowed to independently introduce a separate Palestinian currency. Instead, the 1480: 1443: 1245: 1139: 272: 3451: 2414:"Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS) On the Eve of the International Population Day 11/07/2012" 1824:

and the formation of a Hamas government in the PA, Israel has regularly withheld the taxes it owes the PA.

7371: 7329: 7302: 7282: 7092: 6957: 6743: 6716: 6552: 6044: 6039: 5934: 1722: 1293: 1269: 861: 158: 3225: 1909:

As part of a 2013 effort to inspire peace talks between Israelis and Palestinians, US Secretary of State

7386: 7317: 7312: 7262: 7257: 7252: 7247: 6977: 6531: 6164: 6139: 6054: 6034: 5984: 5954: 5944: 3240: 2899: 2594: 1892: 1870: 1801: 1726: 1597: 1506: 1476: 982: 742: 6495: 3255: 2385: 1510: 1467:. As per the Palestinian Authority, 80% of this oil field falls under the lands owned by Palestinians. 5504:"Israel Increasing Imports From Palestinian Areas: Conference aimed at fostering better business ties" 1899:, a member of the PLO Executive Committee, urged the Arab countries to honor their financial pledges. 7297: 7277: 7272: 7234: 7195: 7102: 7010: 6962: 6943: 6584: 6401: 6367: 6342: 6334: 6250: 6129: 6124: 6004: 5859: 5853: 5764: 1761: 1739: 1427: 1422:. However, negotiations between Israel and Palestine to divide these resources were disrupted by the 1311: 1119: 758: 746: 694: 456: 244: 78: 2659:"Time Series Data on International Reserves and Foreign Currency Liquidity. Official Reserve Assets" 1463:

10 m) of oil reserves are in the occupied Palestinian territory of the West Bank, probably the

7018: 6999: 6726: 6411: 6224: 6194: 6144: 6099: 6079: 6069: 5969: 5895: 3284: 2658: 2420: 1498: 1374: 1305: 1123: 6279: 1772:), which only represent a fraction of the transactions conducted in Palestine or by Palestinians. 384:

Cement, quarrying, textiles, soap, olive-wood carvings, mother-of-pearl souvenirs, food processing

7407: 7354: 7097: 7087: 6900: 6644: 6325: 6169: 6084: 6064: 5949: 5939: 5797: 5753: 3456: 2334: 2181:

The Economics of Palestine: Economic Policy and Institutional Reform for a Viable Palestine State

1896: 1866: 1854: 1850: 1775:

In the Gaza Strip, the shekel is also the main currency, though it is in short supply due to the

1749: 1705: 1358: 1335: 1315: 1281: 1149: 828: 710: 127: 66: 4961: 4038: 3309: 3152: 1349:

are not allowed to drill for oil and gas or develop their independent energy systems, including

4772: 3575: 2707: 1638: 7364: 7048: 6214: 6149: 6114: 6049: 6029: 6019: 5979: 5964: 5959: 4953: 4866: 4662: 3937: 3931: 2939: 2728: 2644: 2623: 2560: 2313: 2188: 1642: 1502: 1494: 1434: 1331: 1099: 734: 259: 4607:

Qatari Diar CEO signs development partnership at Palestine Investment Conference in Bethlehem

1800:

Taxation in the Palestinian territories is a complex system which may involve payment to the

17: 7452: 7402: 7022: 6473: 6377: 6255: 6174: 6134: 6109: 6089: 6024: 5999: 5989: 5974: 5436: 5425:"Israel-Palestinian cooperation a decision that makes sense from the economic point of view" 5202: 3984: 3538: 2887: 1976:

independent institution focusing on business arbitration between Israelis and Palestinians.

1447: 1366: 1165: 2830: 6987: 6771: 6505: 6485: 6372: 6094: 6059: 6014: 6009: 5918: 5769: 5758: 5266: 5248: 5096: 4952:(Report). UNU World Institute for Development Economics Research (UNU/WIDER). p. 13. 4804: 4613: 3769: 3688: 3510: 3200: 2346: 1813: 1783: 1753: 1464: 1423: 1205: 1177: 1111: 1091: 72: 5259: 3873: 2528:"Employment to population ratio, 15+, total (%) (national estimate) - West Bank and Gaza" 2303: 913: 6789: 6480: 6382: 5698: 3763:

Cisco Pioneers Market Development Approach in Palestine, Mission Measurement, June 2012

2754: 1715: 1664: 1385: 1327: 1254: 1127: 1115: 1095: 989: 899: 60: 5076: 1152:

for hundreds of years, continue to be produced today. Palestinian handicrafts include

7466: 6273: 5792: 4533:"United Nations World Population Prospects: 2006 revision – Table A.17 for 2005–2010" 3424: 1923: 1669: 1087: 470: 96: 5708: 5662: 5185:"Press Release on the Results of the Labour Force Survey (October - December, 2014)" 2874:

Dept, International Monetary Fund Middle East and Central Asia (13 September 2023).

7412: 6952: 6357: 5241: 5020: 2891: 2009: 2003: 1928: 1903: 1769: 1757: 1616: 1401: 1392:

has often revolved around fossil fuels, and this situation seems no different. The

1350: 1346: 1277: 1226: 1130:, in the Gaza Strip. Today Palestine is known as the "Silicon Valley of the NGOs". 997: 903: 856:, some of which was recovered through international litigation in the early 1950s. 849: 832: 5361:"Palestinians say Kerry's $ 4 billion aid offer a 'bribe' to give up on statehood" 4195: 4136: 3789:"Tech startup ecosystem in West Bank and Gaza : findings and recommendations" 1631:, Palestinian developers are planning to build the first modern Palestinian city, 4859:"Palestinian officials think about replacing Israeli shekel with Palestine pound" 6352: 6283: 4635: 4617: 4556: 4231: 3825: 1965:

PA, there are regular interactions between Palestinian and Israeli businessmen.

1603: 1490: 1415: 1406: 1389: 1201: 993: 893: 836: 722: 112: 90: 3839: 3738:"High-tech company aims to be first Israeli firm to hire Palestinian engineers" 3010: 782:

as low-cost labor, earning significantly less than the average Israeli worker.

766:

opportunities. Some individuals own businesses in tourism-driven areas such as

7417: 6794: 6574: 6347: 5703: 4490: 3920:

Israel and the Palestinian Territories. p254. Lonely Planet Publications. 2012

2535: 2506: 2309: 2281: 2252: 2014: 1980: 1915: 1910: 1612: 1419: 1262: 1153: 1107: 1047:. Olive products earn more in export income than any other agricultural crop. 750: 196: 4957: 4870: 4797: 4285: 6579: 2683:"International Reserves and Foreign Currency Liquidity - WEST BANK AND GAZA" 1709:, Israel's closure policy, which was extended when the Hamas administration 1338: 1250: 1230: 1185: 1181: 1076: 1063: 920: 767: 730: 240: 203: 4817:"Egypt's holy war against Sinai jihadists leaves many questions unanswered" 3985:"In the West Bank, Politics and Tourism Remain Bound Together Inextricably" 3201:"Palestinian economy and prospects for regional cooperation - UNCTAD study" 2469: 2437: 4688:"Fayyad seeks $ 5 billion to develop new Palestinian state infrastructure" 4068: 4010:"Egypt shutters Gaza border crossing 'indefinitely' - The Times of Israel" 2805: 2179: 1752:

is the main currency of the Palestinian territories. In the West Bank the

1222: 3641:"Palestinians lose billions to Israeli land bans, says World Bank report" 3401: 2961:"How Israel damages Palestine's economy by limiting tourism in Jerusalem" 1650: 1397: 1362: 1083: 1072: 1020: 853: 771: 44: 4747: 1961:

other Arabic and Hebrew, as well as aspects of their cultural heritage.

1937:

Israel which is used to improve the standard of living of Palestinians.

7422: 7359: 6830:

United States security assistance to the Palestinian National Authority

6589: 5784: 5224: 5072: 2965:

How Israel damages Palestine's economy by limiting tourism in Jerusalem

1817: 1570: 1169: 1157: 613: 1997:

In 2006, the unity of the Palestinian economy was fractured following

1906:

met with Western donors in Brussels and requested $ 5 billion in aid.

1691: 811:

of the territories at US$ 4,007,000 and of Israel at US$ 161,822,000.

56:

No official currency. Currencies generally used in Palestine include:

5693: 5128:

Coping with Conflict: Poverty and Inclusion in the West Bank and Gaza

5120: 5118: 4893:"Getting Money in Gaza: An Interview With Palestine's Central Banker" 4639: 4606: 1809: 1805: 1632: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1456: 1438: 1370: 1354: 1193: 1189: 1016: 865: 799: 775: 762: 585: 557: 543: 498: 484: 442: 428: 1968:

At a conference hosted by the Faculty of Business and Management at

6294: 5203:"Official PA daily lauds Israel's treatment of Palestinian workers" 4632:"Construction begins on Rawabi, the first Palestinian planned city" 2986:"Hebron, the wealthiest, most high-tech Palestinian Authority City" 2985: 1144:

A wide variety of handicrafts, many of which have been produced by

7346: 7028: 6800:

Committee for the Propagation of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice

6669: 6664: 6594: 6416: 5887: 5704:

Meeting Minutes of the Palestinian Reform Task Force, 10 July 2002

1637: 1258: 1221: 1173: 1005: 1001: 974: 873: 869: 841: 815:

these numbers are respectively US$ 1,036 and US$ 22,563 per year.

754: 718: 599: 571: 7223: 5306:"Kerry backs private West Bank economic plan, but little detail" 5279:"Palestinian Authority Faces Cash Crunch as Arab States Cut Aid" 5092:"Israel cuts off Palestinian tax funds as relations hit new low" 3397:"Le Quartet cherche une solution à la banqueroute palestinienne" 1161: 1145: 877: 6298: 5891: 5712: 5413:'How Most Aid to the Palestinians Ends up in Israel’s Coffers,' 2361:"Tracking Economic Growth in the West Bank and Gaza since 2007" 407:

Olives, fruit, vegetables, limestone, citrus, flowers, textiles

6853:

Foreign Affairs Minister of the Palestinian National Authority

1888:

Authority to operate and pay its estimated 140,000 employees.

1700: 4464:"Exclusive: Hamas 'allows development of gas field off Gaza'" 3539:"Israeli-Palestinian business arbitration center established" 1593:

report for the West Bank forecast a 7% growth rate for 2009.

5556:"World Bank: Palestinian economy on the verge of collapsing" 3721:

West Bank’s Emerging Silicon Valley Evades Issues of Borders

3332:"West Bank and Gaza Update, World Bank Group, November 2005" 5157:"The situation of workers of the occupied Arab territories" 4434:"Gaza offshore gas project: Agreement expected by year-end" 4258:"Is Israel attacking Gaza for oil and gas? – Muhdan Saglam" 3252:"/ In depth – Tel Aviv exchange aiming for a bigger league" 4433: 4383:"Gaza Marine: Natural gas extraction in tumultuous times?" 3960:. Palestine News Network. 18 December 2012. Archived from 3896:"Europeans Dominate Visitor Arrivals to Palestine in 2012" 3705:

Palestinian tech startups offer hope to struggling economy

3605:

The State of Palestine National Export Strategy: Olive Oil

1554:

Water supply and sanitation in the Palestinian territories

2857:"The Palestinian Diaspora and the State-Building Process" 2578:"PCBS: On the 65th Anniversary of the Palestinian Nakba" 5125:"Poverty and the Labor Market: A Sheer Lack of Jobs?". 4918:"Palestinian Territories > Gaza Strip > Currency" 2557:"Unemployment Rate Hits 27.5% in First Quarter of 2013" 1853:

1,450, almost a quarter of the Israeli minimum wage of

1180:

carvings, among others. Some Palestinian cities in the

1008:

rose as a result of this "economic squeeze" on the PA.

5437:

New joint Israeli-Palestinian olive oil brand launched

5033: 5031: 4506:

Isabel Kershner and Ethan Bronner (24 December 2008).

4061:"Gaza's five-star hotel attempts to rise above rubble" 1373:

seeks alternative energy providers due to the ongoing

1253:, following the August 2013 indefinite closing of the 749:

send money back to their families in Palestine. These

745:

and funding public services and development projects.

5451:"Jenin now open to Arab-Israeli and foreign tourists" 5016:"Israel unfreezes Palestinian Authority tax millions" 3635: 3633: 1126:

programs, 19 of which are in the West Bank, and one,

840:

well as the establishment of a large oil refinery in

5334:"Kerry pushes $ 4 billion West Bank investment plan" 4947:

Economic Aspects of the Palestinian-Israeli Conflict

3933:

Hospitality Strategic Management: Concepts and Cases

3866:"PCBS: Marked increase in West Bank tourism in 2010" 3372:"U.S. and Israelis Are Said to Talk of Hamas Ouster" 2620:"New Palestinian Government Holds Its First Meeting" 7395: 7345: 7338: 7233: 7153: 6936: 6876: 6838: 6812: 6780: 6742: 6735: 6635: 6565: 6545: 6522: 6504: 6444: 6437: 6333: 6223: 6183: 5925: 5816: 5779: 5746: 5699:

MEED – Middle East Business intelligence since 1957

4409:"Israel Green-Lights Gaza Offshore Gas Development" 3958:"Destination Palestine: Tourism's Denied Potential" 3480:"Activists Seek Ban on Trade with Israeli Settlers" 1589:. Car sales in 2008 were double those of 2007. The 1573:. Life expectancy is 73.4, placing the territories 1012:due to the occupation and settlement construction. 672: 664: 656: 642: 628: 623: 526: 516: 508: 411: 401: 393: 388: 378: 370: 345: 316: 270: 255: 238: 213: 186: 167: 157: 144: 139: 118: 102: 88: 52: 5584:Palestine and the Palestinians in the 21st century 5497: 5495: 5068:Israel withholds Palestinian tax money amid EU row 5040:"Israel to withhold Palestinian funds until March" 4508:"Palestinians Work to Jolt West Bank Back to Life" 1621:United Nations Conference on Trade and Development 1244:have attempted to work together on tourism in the 3357:"Palestinian goods begin steady flow into Israel" 1820:put at $ 100 million in December 2012. Since the 5598:"Palestinian Economic Recovery Plan Takes Shape" 5242:http://www.alhayat-j.com/sooq/HayatWaSouq169.pdf 4984: 4982: 4226: 4224: 4222: 4220: 4218: 4216: 3983:Kaufman, David; Marisa S. Katz (16 April 2006). 3936:(2 ed.). John Wiley and Sons. p. 273. 3838:The Christian Science Monitor (4 January 2000). 3569:"Agriculture in Palestine: a post-Oslo Analysis" 4960:. Discussion Paper No. 2002/100. Archived from 4501: 4499: 4159: 4157: 3532: 3530: 3528: 3011:"Could Ramallah become an Arab World tech hub?" 1993:Israeli–Palestinian conflict § Agriculture 1418:was discovered about 20 miles off the coast of 1268:In 2013 Palestinian Authority Tourism minister 955:In 2005, the PNA Ministry of Finance cited the 5577: 5575: 5573: 5328: 5326: 5221:"Palestinian workers treated better in Israel" 4682: 4680: 4280: 4278: 2784:civil-protection-humanitarian-aid.ec.europa.eu 1891:In 2010, Arab states cut financial aid to the 6310: 5903: 5724: 4358:"Offshore Gas Field Could Help Gaza Recovery" 4311:"Offshore Gas Field Could Help Gaza Recovery" 4189: 4187: 4185: 4165:"Offshore Gas Field Could Help Gaza Recovery" 2904:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of March 2024 ( 2400:"Palestinian Consumer Price Index, June 2013" 2216:"World Economic Outlook Database, April 2019" 1577:, compared with a life expectancy of 72.5 in 1528:Communications in the Palestinian territories 8: 5690:Palestinian Territories Economic Development 3563: 3561: 3559: 693:All values, unless otherwise stated, are in 522:Food, consumer goods, construction materials 29: 3598: 3596: 3151:Ufheil-Somers, Amanda (15 September 1986). 2944:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 2729:"CIA World Fact Book – West Bank's Economy" 964:Israel's unilateral disengagement from Gaza 7342: 6739: 6441: 6317: 6303: 6295: 5910: 5896: 5888: 5731: 5717: 5709: 4722:"East Jerusalem Suffers Economic Tailspin" 4571:, by Shlomo Avineri, Welt Online, 5/18/09. 3254:. Ft.com. 18 December 2007. Archived from 1834:Council for European Palestinian Relations 1038:Agriculture in the Palestinian territories 38: 5586:. Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. 4940: 4938: 4748:"The Declining Economy of East Jerusalem" 2499:"Labor force, total - West Bank and Gaza" 1015:The first planned Palestinian city named 981:(apart from Russia) cut all funds to the 5189:Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics 4767: 4765: 3611:. ITC and Paltrade. 2014. Archived from 3229:Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies 2572: 2570: 2274:"Population, total - West Bank and Gaza" 2173: 2171: 2169: 2167: 2165: 2019: 1690: 1602: 1543:Transport in the Palestinian territories 6469:Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon 6422:Palestinian Declaration of Independence 5151: 5149: 4715: 4713: 4711: 4709: 4462:Gaza, Sally Ibrahim ــ (20 June 2023). 4457: 4455: 3537:Hadar Kane, Calcalist (28 March 2013). 3452:"Signs of hope emerge in the West Bank" 3195: 3193: 2635: 2633: 2245:"World Bank Country and Lending Groups" 2161: 2023:Unemployment in Gaza and the West Bank 741:This aid is crucial for supporting the 709:refers to the economic activity of the 6722:Legal status of the State of Palestine 5657: 5655: 5653: 5651: 5649: 5647: 5645: 5014:Sherwood, Harriet (30 November 2011). 4798:Economic improvement in the Gaza Strip 4286:"Palestine Natural Resources Overview" 4130: 4128: 4126: 4124: 4122: 4120: 4118: 4116: 4114: 4112: 4110: 4108: 4106: 3191: 3189: 3187: 3185: 3183: 3181: 3179: 3177: 3175: 3173: 3146: 3144: 3142: 3140: 3138: 3136: 3134: 3132: 3130: 3128: 3126: 3124: 3122: 3120: 3118: 3116: 3114: 3112: 3110: 2937: 2897: 2749: 2747: 2745: 2708:"CIA World Fact Book – Gaza's Economy" 2641:"Abbas Approves 2012 Budget – Wafa.ps" 2599:The Observatory of Economic Complexity 2589: 2587: 2446:HDRO (Human Development Report Office) 2342: 2332: 1501:. The gas field was discovered by the 1218:Tourism in the Palestinian territories 28: 6537:2009 Hamas political violence in Gaza 5530:"Israeli Palestinian business center" 5046:from the original on 13 December 2012 4992:Backgrounder: the Shrinking PA Budget 4569:Building Palestine from the bottom up 4104: 4102: 4100: 4098: 4096: 4094: 4092: 4090: 4088: 4086: 3783: 3781: 3779: 3777: 3736:Tali Heruti-Sover (7 November 2010). 3370:Erlanger, Steven (14 February 2006). 3108: 3106: 3104: 3102: 3100: 3098: 3096: 3094: 3092: 3090: 2876:"West Bank and Gaza: Selected Issues" 2122:Life expectancy at birth total years: 2094:School enrollment, primary (%) gross: 1822:2006 Palestinian legislative election 652:$ 1.3 billion (13% of GDP; 2012 est.) 7: 7213:Palestinian Broadcasting Corporation 6820:Palestinian National Security Forces 6427:Years in the Palestinian territories 5625:"How Does Palestine's Economy Work?" 5604:. Agence France-Presse. 12 July 2013 5558:. Middle East Monitor. 18 April 2019 5387:"Where Is the Kerry Plan for Peace?" 4661:KHALED ABU TOAMEH (20 August 2010). 3840:"Palestinians' stones cut both ways" 3478:Sydow, Christoph (30 October 2012). 3153:"The Exile Bourgeoisie of Palestine" 3069:"Isolation of Gaza Chokes Off Trade" 2449:United Nations Development Programme 1459:, around 1,250 billion barrels (1.99 951:Intifada and recovery (2000–present) 5227:. 24 September 2014. Archived from 4407:Robbins, Elizabeth (18 June 2023). 3355:Cambanis, Thanassis (5 June 2006). 1375:conflict between Russia and Ukraine 1290:Millennium Palestine Ramallah Hotel 1282:Seven Arches Hotel Intercontinental 5439:, Ynet news, Published: 03.20.07. 5385:Avishai, Bernard (11 April 2014). 5038:Williams, Dan (12 December 2012). 4779:. Central Intelligence Agency (US) 4256:Saglam, Muhdan (26 October 2023). 3506:"New Palestinian city to be built" 3504:Rory McCarthy (8 September 2009). 3425:"Three die in Fatah-Hamas clashes" 2780:"Palestine* - European Commission" 2104:Emission (metric tons per capita): 1970:Ben-Gurion University of the Negev 1796:Taxation in the State of Palestine 1513:, this project have been delayed. 971:January 2006 legislative elections 25: 7473:Economy of the State of Palestine 6868:International aid to Palestinians 5740:Economy of the State of Palestine 5623:Chalabi, Mona (14 October 2013). 5090:Macintyre, Donald (7 June 2008), 3682:Palestinian high tech flourishing 2921:"Tourism in Palestine in figures" 2855:Labadi, Taher (5 December 2018). 2595:"Where does Palestine export to?" 1883:International aid to Palestinians 1865:In 2014, an article published on 1499:Palestinian territories in energy 1361:is also interested in building a 713:. Palestine receives substantial 707:economy of the State of Palestine 6863:Diplomatic missions in Palestine 6858:Diplomatic missions of Palestine 6848:Palestine and the United Nations 6278: 6269: 6268: 5502:Arieh O’Sullivan (30 May 2012). 5472:RON FRIEDMAN (15 October 2009). 5304:Mohammed, Arshad (26 May 2013). 4945:Naqib, Fadle M. (October 2002). 4857:Zacharia, Janine (31 May 2010). 4638:. 5 January 2010. Archived from 2470:"Inequality-adjusted HDI (IHDI)" 1919:implementation of the proposal. 1569:and tourism increased by 50% in 912: 892: 872:. Smaller amounts being sent to 825:worldwide recession of the 1930s 738:and transportation sector (2%). 606: 592: 578: 564: 550: 536: 491: 477: 463: 449: 435: 421: 334: 333: 326: 325: 298: 297: 282: 281: 149: 148: 47:, the financial hub of Palestine 6825:Palestinian Preventive Security 6767:Palestinian Legislative Council 6680:Palestinian National Initiative 5449:RON FRIEDMAN (9 October 2009). 3450:Bronner, Ethan (16 July 2009). 3226:"It’s Not the Economy, Stupid." 2438:"Human Development Index (HDI)" 2386:"UN data on State of Palestine" 2128:GNI per capita (current US $ ): 1768:(that functions as Palestine's 1714:assistance, primarily from the 1629:Palestine Investment Conference 1489:is mostly found in Gaza Strip. 1019:is under construction north of 780:employment in Israeli companies 6973:Palestinian citizens of Israel 6712:Palestinian political violence 6236:British Indian Ocean Territory 4720:Lynfield, Ben (13 July 2012). 4137:"'This Genocide Is About Oil'" 3310:"Israel: Battling the Bombers" 2990:the Jewish Community of Hebron 2892:10.5089/9798400253843.002.A001 1766:Palestinian Monetary Authority 1746:Protocol on Economic Relations 1470:Masadder, a subsidiary of the 1382:genocide faced by Palestinians 1320:Israel's attacks on the region 1257:located between Egypt and the 1240:The Palestinian Authority and 1: 6782:Gaza Strip (Hamas-controlled) 5474:"Mutually assured prosperity" 5415:. CounterPunch, 8 March 2016. 5359:Ghalizi, Said (3 June 2013). 4989:Pan, Esther (21 April 2006), 4891:Lauria, Joe (9 August 2014). 4336:"Gaza: Gas Rich but in Ruins" 4067:. 7 July 2011. Archived from 3844:The Christian Science Monitor 1941:Israeli–Palestinian relations 1779:by the PA, Israel and Egypt. 1278:Intercontinental Jacir Palace 1227:Intercontinental Jacir Palace 18:Economic history of Palestine 6928:Palestine Monetary Authority 6762:Palestinian National Council 6553:Hamas-Jund Ansar Allah clash 5803:Palestine Monetary Authority 5065:Entous, Adam (4 June 2008), 4997:Council on Foreign Relations 4752:The Palestine-Israel Journal 4196:"This Genocide Is About Oil" 3042:. p. 15. Archived from 2919:admin2 (28 September 2022). 2116:Improved water source rural: 682:$ 464 million (march 2016) ( 338:32.0% employment rate (2018) 6921:Water supply and sanitation 6707:Palestinian right of return 6397:History of the Palestinians 5877:Water supply and sanitation 5476:. jpost.com. Archived from 5164:International Labour Office 4847:. Israel MFA, 29 April 1994 3864:M'aan (26 September 2011). 3816:Jacobs et al., 1998, p. 72. 2224:International Monetary Fund 1926:in an article published by 1591:International Monetary Fund 1548:Water supply and sanitation 1324:occupied lands of Palestine 747:Palestinians working abroad 727:international organizations 132:Lower-middle income economy 7489: 7108:Postage stamps and history 6744:West Bank (SOP-controlled) 5865:Blockade of the Gaza Strip 5260:Palestinian Workers Rights 4663:"Magazine | Features" 4194:Atmos (29 November 2023). 4135:Atmos (29 November 2023). 3900:travel-impact-newswire.com 2249:datahelpdesk.worldbank.org 2151:List of banks in Palestine 2146:Blockade of the Gaza Strip 1990: 1947:Israel–Palestine relations 1944: 1880: 1793: 1777:blockade of the Gaza Strip 1737: 1684: 1551: 1540: 1525: 1303: 1242:Israeli tourism ministries 1215: 1137: 1035: 347:Labour force by occupation 179:−2.5% (2019e) 2.1% (2020f) 7435: 7043:universities and colleges 6649:International recognition 6514:Dawson's Field hijackings 6264: 5285:. Reuters. 19 August 2010 3768:12 September 2014 at the 2880:IMF Staff Country Reports 2831:"Palestinian Expatriates" 1687:Economy of the Gaza Strip 1472:Palestine Investment Fund 1412:Israel-Palestine conflict 957:Israeli West Bank barrier 884:Economic rise (1970—2000) 690: 660:$ 2.2 billion (2012 est.) 638:$ 4.2 billion (June 2013) 37: 7208:Palestine–Israel Journal 5985:East Timor (Timor-Leste) 5663:"Development indicators" 5582:Davis, Rochelle (2013). 5247:25 February 2015 at the 2894:(inactive 6 March 2024). 1487:Natural gas in Palestine 163:$ 10 billion (2012 est.) 7218:Palestinian Media Watch 7202:The Palestine Telegraph 6546:Hamas-Salafist conflict 6464:1948 Palestinian exodus 6459:1947–1949 Palestine war 6407:Palestinian nationalism 6246:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 5207:Palestinian Media Watch 4746:Siniora, Hanna (2001). 3798:. 1 May 2018. p. 9 3405:(in French). 9 May 2006 2925:middleeast-business.com 1859:Supreme Court of Israel 1812:on foreign imports and 1481:Government of Palestine 1430:, which began in 2000. 1405:the creation of modern 1288:(later Al-Mashtal) and 1246:Palestinian territories 1140:Palestinian handicrafts 923:before intifada in 2000 852:or the local branch of 273:Human Development Index 176:1.2% (2017) 0.9% (2018) 7005:Costume and embroidery 6958:Palestinian Christians 5808:Palestine Trade Centre 3930:Enz, Cathy A. (2009). 3711:, Tuesday 31 July 2012 3574:. 2012. Archived from 2861:Arab Reform Initiative 2835:This Week in Palestine 2089:Development indicators 1723:Israeli Defense Forces 1696: 1646: 1608: 1444:fossil fuel extraction 1384:. Throughout history, 1294:Marriott International 1233: 1134:Traditional industries 4232:"West Bank Oil Field" 3205:Question of Palestine 2187:. London: Routledge. 1945:Further information: 1893:Palestinian Authority 1871:Palestinian Authority 1802:Palestinian Authority 1738:Further information: 1727:Kerem Shalom Crossing 1694: 1641: 1606: 1507:Palestinian Authority 1477:hydrocarbon resources 1428:Palestinian uprisings 1407:Middle Eastern states 1341:area. However, under 1225: 1120:venture capital firms 983:Palestinian Authority 902:in 1993, the year of 743:Palestinian Authority 668:$ 3.54 billion (2012) 6627:World Heritage Sites 6622:Depopulated villages 6524:Fatah–Hamas conflict 6402:Slavery in Palestine 6160:United Arab Emirates 5860:Palestinian enclaves 5854:Palestinian Airlines 5765:United States dollar 5480:on 16 September 2011 5265:10 June 2011 at the 5231:on 23 December 2014. 5209:. 23 September 2014. 5003:on 10 September 2010 4803:14 July 2014 at the 3707:, Phoebe Greenwood, 3687:18 July 2012 at the 2365:Washington Institute 1932:, Israeli economist 1762:United States dollar 1740:Palestinian currency 1326:. Additionally, the 1312:oil and gas reserves 1124:start-up accelerator 1062:During the 2000s, a 973:, decisively won by 919:Modern buildings in 759:Palestinian diaspora 719:international donors 528:Main import partners 512:$ 4.2 billion (2011) 457:United Arab Emirates 413:Main export partners 397:$ 720 million (2011) 79:United States dollar 7413:Gypsies (Dom/Nawar) 7132:Religious buildings 6727:Anti-Palestinianism 6446:Israeli–Palestinian 6187:limited recognition 5191:. 12 February 2015. 4863:The Washington Post 4777:CIA World Fact Book 4612:6 June 2011 at the 4041:on 27 November 2013 4014:The Times of Israel 3744:on 10 November 2010 3581:on 4 September 2015 3359:. The Boston Globe. 3290:on 19 February 2006 3075:. 19 September 2007 3037:"World Bank Report" 1862:security benefits. 1511:ongoing war in Gaza 1306:Energy in Palestine 128:Developing/Emerging 104:Trade organisations 34: 6645:State of Palestine 6595:Southern West Bank 6590:Northern West Bank 5798:Palestine Exchange 5754:Israeli new shekel 4823:. 4 September 2012 4642:on 9 February 2013 4555:Critical on this: 4512:The New York Times 3989:The New York Times 3725:The New York Times 3457:The New York Times 3376:The New York Times 3312:. Strategypage.com 3073:The New York Times 2755:"Economic Outlook" 2532:data.worldbank.org 2503:data.worldbank.org 2278:data.worldbank.org 2136:4,169,509 in 2013 1867:Al-Hayat Al-Jadida 1760:transactions. The 1750:Israeli new shekel 1706:The World Factbook 1697: 1647: 1609: 1369:, particularly as 1359:Israeli government 1343:Israeli occupation 1234: 711:State of Palestine 67:Israeli new shekel 7460: 7459: 7431: 7430: 7365:Afro-Palestinians 7196:Ma'an News Agency 7069:Mental healthcare 7049:Flag of Palestine 6808: 6807: 6655:Political parties 6561: 6560: 6474:First Lebanon War 6292: 6291: 6229:other territories 5885: 5884: 5079:on 9 January 2016 4967:on 23 August 2018 4440:. 18 October 2022 3943:978-0-470-08359-8 3796:www.worldbank.org 2786:. 29 January 2024 2086: 2085: 1999:Fatah-Hamas split 1832:According to the 1814:value added taxes 1643:Bank of Palestine 1607:View of Bethlehem 1575:77th in the world 1503:British Gas Group 1495:natural gas field 1435:international law 1365:to export gas to 1106:In May 2018, the 1100:capacity building 1069:Israeli companies 735:unemployment rate 703: 702: 266:25.8% (2011 est.) 257:Population below 222:Agriculture: 5.5% 16:(Redirected from 7480: 7343: 6740: 6496:Israel–Hamas war 6442: 6319: 6312: 6305: 6296: 6282: 6272: 6271: 6241:Christmas Island 5927:Sovereign states 5919:Economy of Asia 5912: 5905: 5898: 5889: 5733: 5726: 5719: 5710: 5678: 5677: 5675: 5673: 5659: 5640: 5639: 5637: 5635: 5620: 5614: 5613: 5611: 5609: 5594: 5588: 5587: 5579: 5568: 5567: 5565: 5563: 5552: 5546: 5545: 5543: 5541: 5532:. Archived from 5526: 5520: 5519: 5517: 5515: 5506:. Archived from 5499: 5490: 5489: 5487: 5485: 5469: 5463: 5462: 5460: 5458: 5446: 5440: 5434: 5428: 5422: 5416: 5409: 5403: 5402: 5400: 5398: 5382: 5376: 5375: 5373: 5371: 5356: 5350: 5349: 5347: 5345: 5330: 5321: 5320: 5318: 5316: 5301: 5295: 5294: 5292: 5290: 5275: 5269: 5257: 5251: 5239: 5233: 5232: 5217: 5211: 5210: 5199: 5193: 5192: 5181: 5175: 5174: 5172: 5170: 5161: 5153: 5144: 5143: 5141: 5139: 5134:. pp. 37–61 5133: 5122: 5113: 5112: 5111: 5109: 5100:, archived from 5087: 5081: 5080: 5075:, archived from 5062: 5056: 5055: 5053: 5051: 5035: 5026: 5025: 5011: 5005: 5004: 4999:, archived from 4986: 4977: 4976: 4974: 4972: 4966: 4951: 4942: 4933: 4932: 4930: 4928: 4914: 4908: 4907: 4905: 4903: 4888: 4882: 4881: 4879: 4877: 4854: 4848: 4839: 4833: 4832: 4830: 4828: 4813: 4807: 4795: 4789: 4788: 4786: 4784: 4769: 4760: 4759: 4743: 4737: 4736: 4734: 4732: 4717: 4704: 4703: 4701: 4699: 4684: 4675: 4674: 4672: 4670: 4658: 4652: 4651: 4649: 4647: 4628: 4622: 4604: 4598: 4597: 4595: 4593: 4584:. Archived from 4578: 4572: 4566: 4560: 4553: 4547: 4546: 4544: 4542: 4537: 4529: 4523: 4522: 4520: 4518: 4503: 4494: 4485: 4479: 4478: 4476: 4474: 4459: 4450: 4449: 4447: 4445: 4430: 4424: 4423: 4421: 4419: 4404: 4398: 4397: 4395: 4393: 4379: 4373: 4372: 4370: 4368: 4354: 4348: 4347: 4345: 4343: 4332: 4326: 4325: 4323: 4321: 4307: 4301: 4300: 4298: 4296: 4282: 4273: 4272: 4270: 4268: 4253: 4247: 4246: 4244: 4242: 4228: 4211: 4210: 4208: 4206: 4191: 4180: 4179: 4177: 4175: 4161: 4152: 4151: 4149: 4147: 4132: 4081: 4080: 4078: 4076: 4057: 4051: 4050: 4048: 4046: 4037:. Archived from 4031: 4025: 4024: 4022: 4020: 4006: 4000: 3999: 3997: 3995: 3980: 3974: 3973: 3971: 3969: 3954: 3948: 3947: 3927: 3921: 3918: 3912: 3911: 3909: 3907: 3892: 3886: 3885: 3883: 3881: 3872:. Archived from 3861: 3855: 3854: 3852: 3850: 3835: 3829: 3823: 3817: 3814: 3808: 3807: 3805: 3803: 3793: 3785: 3772: 3760: 3754: 3753: 3751: 3749: 3740:. Archived from 3733: 3727: 3723:, 29 July 2012, 3718: 3712: 3702: 3696: 3679: 3673: 3672:, 12 August 2013 3663: 3657: 3656: 3654: 3652: 3647:. 8 October 2013 3637: 3628: 3627: 3625: 3623: 3617: 3610: 3600: 3591: 3590: 3588: 3586: 3580: 3573: 3565: 3554: 3553: 3551: 3549: 3534: 3523: 3522: 3520: 3518: 3501: 3495: 3494: 3492: 3490: 3475: 3469: 3468: 3466: 3464: 3447: 3441: 3440: 3438: 3436: 3421: 3415: 3414: 3412: 3410: 3393: 3387: 3386: 3384: 3382: 3367: 3361: 3360: 3352: 3346: 3345: 3343: 3341: 3336: 3328: 3322: 3321: 3319: 3317: 3306: 3300: 3299: 3297: 3295: 3289: 3283:. Archived from 3282: 3274: 3268: 3267: 3265: 3263: 3248: 3242: 3238: 3232: 3224:Karsh, Efraim. 3222: 3216: 3215: 3213: 3211: 3197: 3168: 3167: 3165: 3163: 3148: 3085: 3084: 3082: 3080: 3065: 3059: 3058: 3056: 3054: 3048: 3041: 3033: 3027: 3026: 3024: 3022: 3007: 3001: 3000: 2998: 2996: 2982: 2976: 2975: 2973: 2971: 2959:Bukhari, Allia. 2956: 2950: 2949: 2943: 2935: 2933: 2931: 2916: 2910: 2909: 2903: 2895: 2871: 2865: 2864: 2852: 2846: 2845: 2843: 2841: 2827: 2821: 2820: 2818: 2816: 2802: 2796: 2795: 2793: 2791: 2776: 2770: 2769: 2767: 2765: 2751: 2740: 2739: 2737: 2735: 2725: 2719: 2718: 2716: 2714: 2704: 2698: 2697: 2695: 2693: 2679: 2673: 2672: 2670: 2668: 2663: 2655: 2649: 2648: 2643:. Archived from 2637: 2628: 2627: 2626:on 10 June 2015. 2622:. Archived from 2616: 2610: 2609: 2607: 2605: 2591: 2582: 2581: 2574: 2565: 2564: 2563:on 19 June 2013. 2559:. Archived from 2553: 2547: 2546: 2544: 2542: 2524: 2518: 2517: 2515: 2513: 2495: 2489: 2488: 2486: 2484: 2466: 2460: 2459: 2457: 2455: 2434: 2428: 2427: 2425: 2419:. Archived from 2418: 2410: 2404: 2403: 2396: 2390: 2389: 2382: 2376: 2375: 2373: 2371: 2357: 2351: 2350: 2344: 2340: 2338: 2330: 2328: 2326: 2299: 2293: 2292: 2290: 2288: 2270: 2264: 2263: 2261: 2259: 2241: 2235: 2234: 2232: 2230: 2212: 2206: 2205: 2203: 2201: 2186: 2175: 2130:$ 2,810 in 2012 2020: 1462: 1448:conflict in Gaza 1367:European nations 1310:The presence of 1045:olive production 916: 896: 677: 676:Foreign reserves 647: 633: 612: 610: 609: 598: 596: 595: 584: 582: 581: 570: 568: 567: 556: 554: 553: 542: 540: 539: 497: 495: 494: 483: 481: 480: 469: 467: 466: 455: 453: 452: 441: 439: 438: 427: 425: 424: 354:Agriculture: 12% 337: 336: 330:1,316,023 (2019) 329: 328: 305: 301: 300: 289: 285: 284: 262: 251:2.7% (June 2013) 153:4,569,087 (2018) 152: 151: 42: 35: 33: 21: 7488: 7487: 7483: 7482: 7481: 7479: 7478: 7477: 7463: 7462: 7461: 7456: 7440: 7427: 7391: 7372:Christian Arabs 7334: 7229: 7149: 7118:Public holidays 6946: 6942: 6932: 6872: 6840:Foreign affairs 6834: 6804: 6776: 6772:Judicial system 6731: 6631: 6557: 6541: 6518: 6506:Black September 6500: 6486:Second Intifada 6433: 6412:British Mandate 6373:Ayyubid Dynasty 6329: 6323: 6293: 6288: 6260: 6228: 6219: 6200:Northern Cyprus 6186: 6179: 5921: 5916: 5886: 5881: 5812: 5775: 5770:Palestine pound 5759:Jordanian dinar 5742: 5737: 5686: 5681: 5671: 5669: 5661: 5660: 5643: 5633: 5631: 5622: 5621: 5617: 5607: 5605: 5596: 5595: 5591: 5581: 5580: 5571: 5561: 5559: 5554: 5553: 5549: 5539: 5537: 5528: 5527: 5523: 5513: 5511: 5510:on 11 June 2014 5501: 5500: 5493: 5483: 5481: 5471: 5470: 5466: 5456: 5454: 5448: 5447: 5443: 5435: 5431: 5423: 5419: 5411:Jonathan Cook, 5410: 5406: 5396: 5394: 5384: 5383: 5379: 5369: 5367: 5358: 5357: 5353: 5343: 5341: 5338:The Irish Times 5332: 5331: 5324: 5314: 5312: 5303: 5302: 5298: 5288: 5286: 5277: 5276: 5272: 5267:Wayback Machine 5258: 5254: 5249:Wayback Machine 5240: 5236: 5219: 5218: 5214: 5201: 5200: 5196: 5183: 5182: 5178: 5168: 5166: 5159: 5155: 5154: 5147: 5137: 5135: 5131: 5124: 5123: 5116: 5107: 5105: 5097:The Independent 5089: 5088: 5084: 5064: 5063: 5059: 5049: 5047: 5037: 5036: 5029: 5013: 5012: 5008: 4988: 4987: 4980: 4970: 4968: 4964: 4949: 4944: 4943: 4936: 4926: 4924: 4916: 4915: 4911: 4901: 4899: 4897:Huffington Post 4890: 4889: 4885: 4875: 4873: 4856: 4855: 4851: 4840: 4836: 4826: 4824: 4815: 4814: 4810: 4805:Wayback Machine 4796: 4792: 4782: 4780: 4771: 4770: 4763: 4745: 4744: 4740: 4730: 4728: 4719: 4718: 4707: 4697: 4695: 4694:. 14 April 2011 4686: 4685: 4678: 4668: 4666: 4660: 4659: 4655: 4645: 4643: 4630: 4629: 4625: 4614:Wayback Machine 4605: 4601: 4591: 4589: 4580: 4579: 4575: 4567: 4563: 4554: 4550: 4540: 4538: 4535: 4531: 4530: 4526: 4516: 4514: 4505: 4504: 4497: 4486: 4482: 4472: 4470: 4461: 4460: 4453: 4443: 4441: 4432: 4431: 4427: 4417: 4415: 4406: 4405: 4401: 4391: 4389: 4381: 4380: 4376: 4366: 4364: 4356: 4355: 4351: 4341: 4339: 4334: 4333: 4329: 4319: 4317: 4309: 4308: 4304: 4294: 4292: 4284: 4283: 4276: 4266: 4264: 4255: 4254: 4250: 4240: 4238: 4230: 4229: 4214: 4204: 4202: 4193: 4192: 4183: 4173: 4171: 4163: 4162: 4155: 4145: 4143: 4134: 4133: 4084: 4074: 4072: 4071:on 2 March 2024 4059: 4058: 4054: 4044: 4042: 4033: 4032: 4028: 4018: 4016: 4008: 4007: 4003: 3993: 3991: 3982: 3981: 3977: 3967: 3965: 3964:on 24 July 2013 3956: 3955: 3951: 3944: 3929: 3928: 3924: 3919: 3915: 3905: 3903: 3902:(Press release) 3894: 3893: 3889: 3879: 3877: 3876:on 18 June 2013 3863: 3862: 3858: 3848: 3846: 3837: 3836: 3832: 3824: 3820: 3815: 3811: 3801: 3799: 3791: 3787: 3786: 3775: 3770:Wayback Machine 3761: 3757: 3747: 3745: 3735: 3734: 3730: 3719: 3715: 3703: 3699: 3695:, 17 April 2012 3689:Wayback Machine 3680: 3676: 3664: 3660: 3650: 3648: 3639: 3638: 3631: 3621: 3619: 3618:on 5 April 2016 3615: 3608: 3602: 3601: 3594: 3584: 3582: 3578: 3571: 3567: 3566: 3557: 3547: 3545: 3536: 3535: 3526: 3516: 3514: 3511:TheGuardian.com 3503: 3502: 3498: 3488: 3486: 3477: 3476: 3472: 3462: 3460: 3449: 3448: 3444: 3434: 3432: 3423: 3422: 3418: 3408: 3406: 3395: 3394: 3390: 3380: 3378: 3369: 3368: 3364: 3354: 3353: 3349: 3339: 3337: 3334: 3330: 3329: 3325: 3315: 3313: 3308: 3307: 3303: 3293: 3291: 3287: 3280: 3278:"Press Release" 3276: 3275: 3271: 3261: 3259: 3250: 3249: 3245: 3239: 3235: 3231:. 4 June 2018. 3223: 3219: 3209: 3207: 3199: 3198: 3171: 3161: 3159: 3150: 3149: 3088: 3078: 3076: 3067: 3066: 3062: 3052: 3050: 3046: 3039: 3035: 3034: 3030: 3020: 3018: 3009: 3008: 3004: 2994: 2992: 2984: 2983: 2979: 2969: 2967: 2958: 2957: 2953: 2936: 2929: 2927: 2918: 2917: 2913: 2896: 2873: 2872: 2868: 2854: 2853: 2849: 2839: 2837: 2829: 2828: 2824: 2814: 2812: 2804: 2803: 2799: 2789: 2787: 2778: 2777: 2773: 2763: 2761: 2753: 2752: 2743: 2733: 2731: 2727: 2726: 2722: 2712: 2710: 2706: 2705: 2701: 2691: 2689: 2681: 2680: 2676: 2666: 2664: 2661: 2657: 2656: 2652: 2639: 2638: 2631: 2618: 2617: 2613: 2603: 2601: 2593: 2592: 2585: 2576: 2575: 2568: 2555: 2554: 2550: 2540: 2538: 2526: 2525: 2521: 2511: 2509: 2497: 2496: 2492: 2482: 2480: 2468: 2467: 2463: 2453: 2451: 2436: 2435: 2431: 2423: 2416: 2412: 2411: 2407: 2398: 2397: 2393: 2384: 2383: 2379: 2369: 2367: 2359: 2358: 2354: 2341: 2331: 2324: 2322: 2320: 2301: 2300: 2296: 2286: 2284: 2272: 2271: 2267: 2257: 2255: 2243: 2242: 2238: 2228: 2226: 2214: 2213: 2209: 2199: 2197: 2195: 2184: 2177: 2176: 2163: 2159: 2142: 2103: 2091: 1995: 1989: 1954: 1949: 1943: 1902:In April 2011, 1885: 1879: 1842: 1830: 1798: 1792: 1784:monetary policy 1754:Jordanian dinar 1742: 1736: 1689: 1683: 1662: 1615:and US General 1566: 1561: 1556: 1550: 1545: 1539: 1530: 1524: 1519: 1465:Meged oil field 1460: 1424:second intifada 1308: 1302: 1220: 1214: 1206:Jerusalem stone 1184:, particularly 1178:Mother of Pearl 1142: 1136: 1118:and 25 percent 1116:angel investors 1092:venture capital 1060: 1040: 1034: 1029: 996:'s funds (e.g. 962:In the wake of 953: 928: 927: 926: 925: 924: 917: 908: 907: 906: 897: 886: 821: 792: 729:. In 2020, the 699: 679: 675: 649: 645: 635: 632:Government debt 631: 624:Public finances 619: 607: 605: 593: 591: 579: 577: 565: 563: 551: 549: 537: 535: 529: 519: 504: 492: 490: 478: 476: 464: 462: 450: 448: 436: 434: 422: 420: 414: 404: 381: 380:Main industries 374:27.5% (Q1 2013) 366: 348: 341: 319: 312: 303: 287: 275: 263: 258: 248: 234: 228:Services: 71.1% 225:Industry: 23.4% 216: 209: 189: 182: 170: 135: 121: 105: 93: 84: 73:Jordanian dinar 48: 31: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7486: 7484: 7476: 7475: 7465: 7464: 7458: 7457: 7436: 7433: 7432: 7429: 7428: 7426: 7425: 7420: 7415: 7410: 7405: 7399: 7397: 7393: 7392: 7390: 7389: 7384: 7379: 7374: 7369: 7368: 7367: 7362: 7351: 7349: 7340: 7336: 7335: 7333: 7332: 7327: 7326: 7325: 7315: 7310: 7305: 7300: 7295: 7290: 7285: 7280: 7275: 7270: 7265: 7260: 7255: 7250: 7245: 7239: 7237: 7231: 7230: 7228: 7227: 7220: 7215: 7210: 7205: 7198: 7193: 7188: 7183: 7178: 7173: 7168: 7163: 7157: 7155: 7151: 7150: 7148: 7147: 7146: 7145: 7135: 7125: 7120: 7115: 7110: 7105: 7100: 7095: 7090: 7085: 7084: 7083: 7073: 7072: 7071: 7066: 7056: 7051: 7046: 7036: 7031: 7026: 7016: 7015: 7014: 7002: 6997: 6996: 6995: 6985: 6980: 6975: 6970: 6965: 6960: 6955: 6949: 6947: 6937: 6934: 6933: 6931: 6930: 6924: 6923: 6918: 6913: 6908: 6903: 6901:Stock Exchange 6898: 6896:Communications 6893: 6888: 6882: 6880: 6874: 6873: 6871: 6870: 6865: 6860: 6855: 6850: 6844: 6842: 6836: 6835: 6833: 6832: 6827: 6822: 6816: 6814: 6810: 6809: 6806: 6805: 6803: 6802: 6797: 6792: 6790:Prime Minister 6786: 6784: 6778: 6777: 6775: 6774: 6769: 6764: 6759: 6754: 6752:Prime Minister 6748: 6746: 6737: 6733: 6732: 6730: 6729: 6724: 6719: 6714: 6709: 6704: 6703: 6702: 6697: 6692: 6687: 6682: 6677: 6672: 6667: 6662: 6652: 6641: 6639: 6633: 6632: 6630: 6629: 6624: 6619: 6614: 6609: 6604: 6599: 6598: 6597: 6592: 6587: 6577: 6571: 6569: 6563: 6562: 6559: 6558: 6556: 6555: 6549: 6547: 6543: 6542: 6540: 6539: 6534: 6532:Battle of Gaza 6528: 6526: 6520: 6519: 6517: 6516: 6510: 6508: 6502: 6501: 6499: 6498: 6493: 6488: 6483: 6481:First Intifada 6478: 6477: 6476: 6466: 6461: 6456: 6450: 6448: 6439: 6435: 6434: 6432: 6431: 6430: 6429: 6424: 6419: 6414: 6409: 6404: 6399: 6392:Modern history 6388: 6387: 6386: 6385: 6383:Ottoman Empire 6380: 6378:Mamluk Dynasty 6375: 6370: 6365: 6360: 6355: 6350: 6339: 6337: 6331: 6330: 6324: 6322: 6321: 6314: 6307: 6299: 6290: 6289: 6287: 6286: 6276: 6265: 6262: 6261: 6259: 6258: 6253: 6248: 6243: 6238: 6232: 6230: 6221: 6220: 6218: 6217: 6212: 6207: 6202: 6197: 6191: 6189: 6181: 6180: 6178: 6177: 6172: 6167: 6162: 6157: 6152: 6147: 6142: 6137: 6132: 6127: 6122: 6117: 6112: 6107: 6102: 6097: 6092: 6087: 6082: 6077: 6072: 6067: 6062: 6057: 6052: 6047: 6042: 6037: 6032: 6027: 6022: 6017: 6012: 6007: 6002: 5997: 5992: 5987: 5982: 5977: 5972: 5967: 5962: 5957: 5952: 5947: 5942: 5937: 5931: 5929: 5923: 5922: 5917: 5915: 5914: 5907: 5900: 5892: 5883: 5882: 5880: 5879: 5874: 5869: 5868: 5867: 5862: 5857: 5849:Transportation 5846: 5841: 5836: 5831: 5829:Communications 5826: 5820: 5818: 5814: 5813: 5811: 5810: 5805: 5800: 5795: 5789: 5787: 5777: 5776: 5774: 5773: 5767: 5762: 5756: 5750: 5748: 5744: 5743: 5738: 5736: 5735: 5728: 5721: 5713: 5707: 5706: 5701: 5696: 5685: 5684:External links 5682: 5680: 5679: 5667:The World Bank 5641: 5615: 5589: 5569: 5547: 5536:on 2 July 2013 5521: 5491: 5464: 5441: 5429: 5417: 5404: 5391:The New Yorker 5377: 5351: 5322: 5296: 5270: 5252: 5234: 5212: 5194: 5176: 5145: 5114: 5104:on 3 July 2018 5082: 5057: 5027: 5006: 4978: 4934: 4909: 4883: 4849: 4834: 4808: 4790: 4761: 4738: 4705: 4676: 4653: 4623: 4599: 4588:on 7 July 2011 4573: 4561: 4548: 4524: 4495: 4493:31 March 2016. 4480: 4451: 4425: 4399: 4374: 4349: 4327: 4302: 4274: 4248: 4212: 4181: 4153: 4082: 4052: 4026: 4001: 3975: 3949: 3942: 3922: 3913: 3887: 3856: 3830: 3828:, 2005, p. 18. 3818: 3809: 3773: 3755: 3728: 3713: 3697: 3674: 3658: 3629: 3592: 3555: 3524: 3496: 3470: 3442: 3416: 3388: 3362: 3347: 3323: 3301: 3269: 3258:on 11 May 2009 3243: 3233: 3217: 3169: 3086: 3060: 3049:on 6 June 2011 3028: 3002: 2977: 2951: 2911: 2866: 2847: 2822: 2797: 2771: 2741: 2720: 2699: 2674: 2650: 2647:on 6 May 2014. 2629: 2611: 2583: 2566: 2548: 2519: 2490: 2461: 2429: 2426:on 6 May 2014. 2405: 2391: 2377: 2352: 2343:|website= 2318: 2312:. p. 10. 2294: 2265: 2236: 2207: 2193: 2160: 2158: 2155: 2154: 2153: 2148: 2141: 2138: 2112:25.8% in 2011 2101: 2090: 2087: 2084: 2083: 2080: 2077: 2074: 2071: 2068: 2065: 2062: 2059: 2056: 2052: 2051: 2048: 2045: 2042: 2039: 2036: 2033: 2030: 2027: 2024: 1988: 1985: 1953: 1950: 1942: 1939: 1881:Main article: 1878: 1875: 1841: 1838: 1829: 1826: 1794:Main article: 1791: 1788: 1735: 1732: 1685:Main article: 1682: 1679: 1665:East Jerusalem 1661: 1660:East Jerusalem 1658: 1585:, and 80.7 in 1565: 1562: 1560: 1557: 1552:Main article: 1549: 1546: 1541:Main article: 1538: 1535: 1526:Main article: 1523: 1522:Communications 1520: 1518: 1517:Infrastructure 1515: 1386:foreign policy 1304:Main article: 1301: 1298: 1255:Rafah crossing 1216:Main article: 1213: 1210: 1138:Main article: 1135: 1132: 1128:Gaza Sky Geeks 1096:private equity 1059: 1056: 1036:Main article: 1033: 1030: 1028: 1025: 990:Ismail Haniyah 987:prime minister 969:Following the 952: 949: 918: 911: 910: 909: 900:East Jerusalem 898: 891: 890: 889: 888: 887: 885: 882: 862:seeking refuge 820: 817: 791: 788: 731:inflation rate 701: 700: 691: 688: 687: 680: 673: 670: 669: 666: 662: 661: 658: 654: 653: 650: 646:Budget balance 643: 640: 639: 636: 629: 626: 625: 621: 620: 618: 617: 603: 589: 575: 561: 547: 532: 530: 527: 524: 523: 520: 517: 514: 513: 510: 506: 505: 503: 502: 488: 474: 460: 446: 432: 417: 415: 412: 409: 408: 405: 402: 399: 398: 395: 391: 390: 386: 385: 382: 379: 376: 375: 372: 368: 367: 365: 364: 361: 358: 355: 351: 349: 346: 343: 342: 340: 339: 331: 322: 320: 317: 314: 313: 311: 310: 295: 278: 276: 271: 268: 267: 264: 256: 253: 252: 249: 239: 236: 235: 233: 232: 231:(2014 UN data) 229: 226: 223: 219: 217: 214: 211: 210: 208: 207: 200: 192: 190: 188:GDP per capita 187: 184: 183: 181: 180: 177: 173: 171: 168: 165: 164: 161: 155: 154: 146: 142: 141: 137: 136: 134: 133: 130: 124: 122: 119: 116: 115: 106: 103: 100: 99: 94: 89: 86: 85: 83: 82: 76: 70: 64: 61:Egyptian pound 57: 54: 50: 49: 43: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7485: 7474: 7471: 7470: 7468: 7455: 7454: 7449: 7445: 7444: 7439: 7434: 7424: 7421: 7419: 7416: 7414: 7411: 7409: 7406: 7404: 7401: 7400: 7398: 7394: 7388: 7385: 7383: 7380: 7378: 7375: 7373: 7370: 7366: 7363: 7361: 7358: 7357: 7356: 7353: 7352: 7350: 7348: 7344: 7341: 7339:Ethnic groups 7337: 7331: 7328: 7324: 7321: 7320: 7319: 7318:United States 7316: 7314: 7311: 7309: 7306: 7304: 7301: 7299: 7296: 7294: 7291: 7289: 7286: 7284: 7281: 7279: 7276: 7274: 7271: 7269: 7266: 7264: 7261: 7259: 7256: 7254: 7251: 7249: 7246: 7244: 7241: 7240: 7238: 7236: 7232: 7226: 7225: 7221: 7219: 7216: 7214: 7211: 7209: 7206: 7204: 7203: 7199: 7197: 7194: 7192: 7189: 7187: 7184: 7182: 7179: 7177: 7174: 7172: 7169: 7167: 7164: 7162: 7159: 7158: 7156: 7152: 7144: 7141: 7140: 7139: 7136: 7133: 7129: 7126: 7124: 7121: 7119: 7116: 7114: 7111: 7109: 7106: 7104: 7103:Personalities 7101: 7099: 7096: 7094: 7091: 7089: 7086: 7082: 7079: 7078: 7077: 7074: 7070: 7067: 7065: 7062: 7061: 7060: 7057: 7055: 7052: 7050: 7047: 7044: 7040: 7037: 7035: 7032: 7030: 7027: 7024: 7020: 7017: 7013: 7012: 7008: 7007: 7006: 7003: 7001: 6998: 6994: 6991: 6990: 6989: 6986: 6984: 6981: 6979: 6976: 6974: 6971: 6969: 6968:Refugee camps 6966: 6964: 6961: 6959: 6956: 6954: 6951: 6950: 6948: 6945: 6940: 6935: 6929: 6926: 6925: 6922: 6919: 6917: 6914: 6912: 6909: 6907: 6904: 6902: 6899: 6897: 6894: 6892: 6889: 6887: 6884: 6883: 6881: 6879: 6875: 6869: 6866: 6864: 6861: 6859: 6856: 6854: 6851: 6849: 6846: 6845: 6843: 6841: 6837: 6831: 6828: 6826: 6823: 6821: 6818: 6817: 6815: 6811: 6801: 6798: 6796: 6793: 6791: 6788: 6787: 6785: 6783: 6779: 6773: 6770: 6768: 6765: 6763: 6760: 6758: 6755: 6753: 6750: 6749: 6747: 6745: 6741: 6738: 6734: 6728: 6725: 6723: 6720: 6718: 6715: 6713: 6710: 6708: 6705: 6701: 6698: 6696: 6693: 6691: 6688: 6686: 6683: 6681: 6678: 6676: 6673: 6671: 6668: 6666: 6663: 6661: 6658: 6657: 6656: 6653: 6650: 6646: 6643: 6642: 6640: 6638: 6634: 6628: 6625: 6623: 6620: 6618: 6615: 6613: 6610: 6608: 6605: 6603: 6600: 6596: 6593: 6591: 6588: 6586: 6583: 6582: 6581: 6578: 6576: 6573: 6572: 6570: 6568: 6564: 6554: 6551: 6550: 6548: 6544: 6538: 6535: 6533: 6530: 6529: 6527: 6525: 6521: 6515: 6512: 6511: 6509: 6507: 6503: 6497: 6494: 6492: 6489: 6487: 6484: 6482: 6479: 6475: 6472: 6471: 6470: 6467: 6465: 6462: 6460: 6457: 6455: 6452: 6451: 6449: 6447: 6443: 6440: 6436: 6428: 6425: 6423: 6420: 6418: 6415: 6413: 6410: 6408: 6405: 6403: 6400: 6398: 6395: 6394: 6393: 6390: 6389: 6384: 6381: 6379: 6376: 6374: 6371: 6369: 6366: 6364: 6361: 6359: 6356: 6354: 6351: 6349: 6346: 6345: 6344: 6343:Early history 6341: 6340: 6338: 6336: 6332: 6327: 6320: 6315: 6313: 6308: 6306: 6301: 6300: 6297: 6285: 6281: 6277: 6275: 6267: 6266: 6263: 6257: 6254: 6252: 6249: 6247: 6244: 6242: 6239: 6237: 6234: 6233: 6231: 6226: 6222: 6216: 6213: 6211: 6210:South Ossetia 6208: 6206: 6203: 6201: 6198: 6196: 6193: 6192: 6190: 6188: 6182: 6176: 6173: 6171: 6168: 6166: 6163: 6161: 6158: 6156: 6153: 6151: 6148: 6146: 6143: 6141: 6138: 6136: 6133: 6131: 6128: 6126: 6123: 6121: 6118: 6116: 6113: 6111: 6108: 6106: 6103: 6101: 6098: 6096: 6093: 6091: 6088: 6086: 6083: 6081: 6078: 6076: 6073: 6071: 6068: 6066: 6063: 6061: 6058: 6056: 6053: 6051: 6048: 6046: 6043: 6041: 6038: 6036: 6033: 6031: 6028: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6018: 6016: 6013: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6003: 6001: 5998: 5996: 5993: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5983: 5981: 5978: 5976: 5973: 5971: 5968: 5966: 5963: 5961: 5958: 5956: 5953: 5951: 5948: 5946: 5943: 5941: 5938: 5936: 5933: 5932: 5930: 5928: 5924: 5920: 5913: 5908: 5906: 5901: 5899: 5894: 5893: 5890: 5878: 5875: 5873: 5870: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5858: 5855: 5852: 5851: 5850: 5847: 5845: 5842: 5840: 5837: 5835: 5832: 5830: 5827: 5825: 5822: 5821: 5819: 5815: 5809: 5806: 5804: 5801: 5799: 5796: 5794: 5793:Al-Quds Index 5791: 5790: 5788: 5786: 5782: 5778: 5771: 5768: 5766: 5763: 5760: 5757: 5755: 5752: 5751: 5749: 5745: 5741: 5734: 5729: 5727: 5722: 5720: 5715: 5714: 5711: 5705: 5702: 5700: 5697: 5695: 5691: 5688: 5687: 5683: 5668: 5664: 5658: 5656: 5654: 5652: 5650: 5648: 5646: 5642: 5630: 5626: 5619: 5616: 5603: 5599: 5593: 5590: 5585: 5578: 5576: 5574: 5570: 5557: 5551: 5548: 5535: 5531: 5525: 5522: 5509: 5505: 5498: 5496: 5492: 5479: 5475: 5468: 5465: 5452: 5445: 5442: 5438: 5433: 5430: 5426: 5421: 5418: 5414: 5408: 5405: 5392: 5388: 5381: 5378: 5366: 5362: 5355: 5352: 5340:. 27 May 2013 5339: 5335: 5329: 5327: 5323: 5311: 5307: 5300: 5297: 5284: 5280: 5274: 5271: 5268: 5264: 5261: 5256: 5253: 5250: 5246: 5243: 5238: 5235: 5230: 5226: 5222: 5216: 5213: 5208: 5204: 5198: 5195: 5190: 5186: 5180: 5177: 5165: 5158: 5152: 5150: 5146: 5130: 5129: 5121: 5119: 5115: 5103: 5099: 5098: 5093: 5086: 5083: 5078: 5074: 5070: 5069: 5061: 5058: 5045: 5041: 5034: 5032: 5028: 5023: 5022: 5017: 5010: 5007: 5002: 4998: 4994: 4993: 4985: 4983: 4979: 4963: 4959: 4955: 4948: 4941: 4939: 4935: 4923: 4922:Lonely Planet 4919: 4913: 4910: 4898: 4894: 4887: 4884: 4872: 4868: 4864: 4860: 4853: 4850: 4846: 4845: 4838: 4835: 4822: 4818: 4812: 4809: 4806: 4802: 4799: 4794: 4791: 4778: 4774: 4768: 4766: 4762: 4757: 4753: 4749: 4742: 4739: 4727: 4723: 4716: 4714: 4712: 4710: 4706: 4693: 4689: 4683: 4681: 4677: 4664: 4657: 4654: 4641: 4637: 4633: 4627: 4624: 4621:, 22 May 2008 4620: 4619: 4615: 4611: 4608: 4603: 4600: 4587: 4583: 4577: 4574: 4570: 4565: 4562: 4558: 4552: 4549: 4534: 4528: 4525: 4513: 4509: 4502: 4500: 4496: 4492: 4489: 4484: 4481: 4469: 4465: 4458: 4456: 4452: 4439: 4435: 4429: 4426: 4414: 4410: 4403: 4400: 4388: 4384: 4378: 4375: 4363: 4359: 4353: 4350: 4337: 4331: 4328: 4316: 4312: 4306: 4303: 4291: 4287: 4281: 4279: 4275: 4263: 4259: 4252: 4249: 4237: 4233: 4227: 4225: 4223: 4221: 4219: 4217: 4213: 4201: 4197: 4190: 4188: 4186: 4182: 4170: 4166: 4160: 4158: 4154: 4142: 4138: 4131: 4129: 4127: 4125: 4123: 4121: 4119: 4117: 4115: 4113: 4111: 4109: 4107: 4105: 4103: 4101: 4099: 4097: 4095: 4093: 4091: 4089: 4087: 4083: 4070: 4066: 4062: 4056: 4053: 4040: 4036: 4030: 4027: 4015: 4011: 4005: 4002: 3990: 3986: 3979: 3976: 3963: 3959: 3953: 3950: 3945: 3939: 3935: 3934: 3926: 3923: 3917: 3914: 3901: 3897: 3891: 3888: 3875: 3871: 3867: 3860: 3857: 3845: 3841: 3834: 3831: 3827: 3822: 3819: 3813: 3810: 3797: 3790: 3784: 3782: 3780: 3778: 3774: 3771: 3767: 3764: 3759: 3756: 3743: 3739: 3732: 3729: 3726: 3722: 3717: 3714: 3710: 3706: 3701: 3698: 3694: 3690: 3686: 3683: 3678: 3675: 3671: 3667: 3662: 3659: 3646: 3642: 3636: 3634: 3630: 3614: 3607: 3606: 3599: 3597: 3593: 3577: 3570: 3564: 3562: 3560: 3556: 3544: 3540: 3533: 3531: 3529: 3525: 3513: 3512: 3507: 3500: 3497: 3485: 3481: 3474: 3471: 3459: 3458: 3453: 3446: 3443: 3430: 3426: 3420: 3417: 3404: 3403: 3398: 3392: 3389: 3377: 3373: 3366: 3363: 3358: 3351: 3348: 3333: 3327: 3324: 3311: 3305: 3302: 3286: 3279: 3273: 3270: 3257: 3253: 3247: 3244: 3241: 3237: 3234: 3230: 3227: 3221: 3218: 3206: 3202: 3196: 3194: 3192: 3190: 3188: 3186: 3184: 3182: 3180: 3178: 3176: 3174: 3170: 3158: 3154: 3147: 3145: 3143: 3141: 3139: 3137: 3135: 3133: 3131: 3129: 3127: 3125: 3123: 3121: 3119: 3117: 3115: 3113: 3111: 3109: 3107: 3105: 3103: 3101: 3099: 3097: 3095: 3093: 3091: 3087: 3074: 3070: 3064: 3061: 3045: 3038: 3032: 3029: 3017:. 6 June 2014 3016: 3012: 3006: 3003: 2991: 2987: 2981: 2978: 2966: 2962: 2955: 2952: 2947: 2941: 2926: 2922: 2915: 2912: 2907: 2901: 2893: 2889: 2885: 2881: 2877: 2870: 2867: 2862: 2858: 2851: 2848: 2836: 2832: 2826: 2823: 2811: 2807: 2801: 2798: 2785: 2781: 2775: 2772: 2760: 2756: 2750: 2748: 2746: 2742: 2730: 2724: 2721: 2709: 2703: 2700: 2688: 2684: 2678: 2675: 2660: 2654: 2651: 2646: 2642: 2636: 2634: 2630: 2625: 2621: 2615: 2612: 2600: 2596: 2590: 2588: 2584: 2579: 2573: 2571: 2567: 2562: 2558: 2552: 2549: 2537: 2533: 2529: 2523: 2520: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2494: 2491: 2479: 2475: 2471: 2465: 2462: 2450: 2447: 2443: 2439: 2433: 2430: 2422: 2415: 2409: 2406: 2401: 2395: 2392: 2387: 2381: 2378: 2366: 2362: 2356: 2353: 2348: 2336: 2321: 2319:9781464815614 2315: 2311: 2307: 2306: 2298: 2295: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2269: 2266: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2240: 2237: 2225: 2221: 2217: 2211: 2208: 2196: 2194:9780415327619 2190: 2183: 2182: 2174: 2172: 2170: 2168: 2166: 2162: 2156: 2152: 2149: 2147: 2144: 2143: 2139: 2137: 2135: 2131: 2129: 2125: 2123: 2119: 2117: 2113: 2111: 2110:Poverty rate: 2107: 2105: 2097: 2095: 2088: 2081: 2078: 2075: 2072: 2069: 2066: 2063: 2060: 2057: 2054: 2053: 2049: 2046: 2043: 2040: 2037: 2034: 2031: 2028: 2025: 2022: 2021: 2018: 2016: 2012: 2011: 2005: 2000: 1994: 1986: 1984: 1982: 1977: 1973: 1971: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1951: 1948: 1940: 1938: 1935: 1931: 1930: 1925: 1924:Jonathan Cook 1922:According to 1920: 1917: 1912: 1907: 1905: 1900: 1898: 1894: 1889: 1884: 1876: 1874: 1872: 1868: 1863: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1846: 1839: 1837: 1835: 1827: 1825: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1797: 1789: 1787: 1785: 1780: 1778: 1773: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1758:durable goods 1755: 1751: 1747: 1741: 1733: 1731: 1728: 1724: 1719: 1717: 1712: 1711:came to power 1708: 1707: 1702: 1699:According to 1693: 1688: 1680: 1678: 1674: 1671: 1670:Hanna Siniora 1666: 1659: 1657: 1654: 1652: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1634: 1630: 1624: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1605: 1601: 1599: 1594: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1563: 1559:By sub-region 1558: 1555: 1547: 1544: 1536: 1534: 1529: 1521: 1516: 1514: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1482: 1478: 1473: 1468: 1466: 1458: 1452: 1449: 1445: 1440: 1436: 1431: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1408: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1378: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1353:. Meanwhile, 1352: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1337: 1333: 1332:Mediterranean 1329: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1307: 1299: 1297: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1286:Marriott Gaza 1283: 1279: 1274: 1271: 1266: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1247: 1243: 1238: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1219: 1211: 1209: 1207: 1203: 1197: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1141: 1133: 1131: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1104: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1088:Cisco Systems 1085: 1080: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1065: 1057: 1055: 1051: 1048: 1046: 1039: 1031: 1026: 1024: 1022: 1018: 1013: 1009: 1007: 1003: 999: 995: 991: 988: 984: 980: 976: 972: 967: 965: 960: 958: 950: 948: 944: 940: 936: 932: 922: 915: 905: 901: 895: 883: 881: 879: 875: 871: 867: 863: 857: 855: 854:Barclays Bank 851: 845: 843: 838: 834: 830: 826: 818: 816: 814: 810: 804: 801: 796: 789: 787: 783: 781: 777: 773: 769: 764: 760: 756: 752: 748: 744: 739: 736: 733:of -0.7% and 732: 728: 724: 720: 716: 715:financial aid 712: 708: 698: 696: 689: 685: 681: 678: 671: 667: 663: 659: 655: 651: 648: 641: 637: 634: 627: 622: 615: 604: 601: 590: 587: 576: 573: 562: 559: 548: 545: 534: 533: 531: 525: 521: 515: 511: 507: 500: 489: 486: 475: 472: 471:United States 461: 458: 447: 444: 433: 430: 419: 418: 416: 410: 406: 400: 396: 392: 387: 383: 377: 373: 369: 362: 360:Services: 65% 359: 357:Industry: 23% 356: 353: 352: 350: 344: 332: 324: 323: 321: 315: 308: 296: 293: 280: 279: 277: 274: 269: 265: 261: 254: 250: 246: 242: 237: 230: 227: 224: 221: 220: 218: 215:GDP by sector 212: 205: 201: 198: 194: 193: 191: 185: 178: 175: 174: 172: 166: 162: 160: 156: 147: 143: 138: 131: 129: 126: 125: 123: 120:Country group 117: 114: 110: 107: 101: 98: 97:Calendar year 95: 92: 87: 80: 77: 74: 71: 68: 65: 62: 59: 58: 55: 51: 46: 41: 36: 27: 19: 7451: 7447: 7441: 7355:Muslim Arabs 7222: 7200: 7113:Prostitution 7076:Human rights 7034:Demographics 7009: 6983:Architecture 6953:Palestinians 6877: 6612:Governorates 6363:Islamic Rule 6358:Roman Empire 6225:Dependencies 6204: 6155:Turkmenistan 6120:Saudi Arabia 5739: 5670:. 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