106:. However, both total and youth suicide rates have been fluctuating, but general stable from 2006 to 2015. The proliferation of food banks increased dramatically; and the number of families and children living in poverty has increased. However serious crimes causing injury and death decreased by 20% between 2012 and 2014, whilst assaults decreased by 3% over the same period. At the same time, health care spending has increased. In 2011 Health spending accounted for 10% of GDP, higher than the OECD average of 9.3%. As in many OECD countries, health spending in New Zealand slowed down post the GFC but still reached 3% in real terms in 2010 and 2011 β higher than the OECD average. in 2012 New Zealand has 2.7 doctors per 1,000 population, an increase from 2.2 in the year 2000.
20:
86:
they must have access to education, healthcare and social assistance". British epidemiologists, Richard
Pickett and Kate Wilkinson, argue that inequality is damaging for everyone in society, not just the poor. They say that when the gap between the top and the bottom levels of society becomes too wide, this erodes trust and empathy between citizens leading to alienation and social fragmentation. This exacerbates a multitude of health and social problems such as high infant mortality, obesity, teenage pregnancy, crime and imprisonment.
137:β making New Zealand children 23rd out of 26 rich nations, the fourth poorest of those rated in the report. In 2009 according to NCCSS, over half a million New Zealanders, including 163,000 children were living in poverty. The Expert Advisory Group established by the Children's Commissioner found that the number of children falling below the threshold has continued to grow. In 2013, around 265,000 children, a quarter of all children in New Zealand, were now "mired in poverty".
62:
the Global
Financial Crisis in 2008, increasing again to 2011 and then declining again from then. By 2013, the disposable income of high-income households was more than two-and-a-half times larger than that of low-income households. In 2019 it was 2.7 times. Highlighting the disparity, the top 1% of the population now owns 16% of the country's wealth β the richest 5% owns 38% β while half the population, including beneficiaries and pensioners, earn less than $ 24,000.
141:
85:
of
Victoria University says nearly 20% of poorer households in New Zealand now depend on welfare benefits. He says the growing gap between rich and poor enables the rich to "exercise disproportionate political influence", and that "if disadvantaged citizens are not to be excluded from political life,
152:
In 2013 over a dozen different reports were released which focused on the issue and the need to develop agreed ways of describing and measuring poverty. However, the
National Government resisted these attempts maintaining that "endless arguments about definition and measurement are a waste of time".
61:
which keeps track of income disparity using the P80/20 ratio. This ratio shows the difference between high household incomes (those in the 80th percentile) and low household incomes (those in the 20th percentile). The inequality ratio increased between 1988 and 2004, and decreased until the onset of
148:
Statistics New
Zealand also publishes a range of data on the economic well-being of New Zealanders and, in 2012, released a discussion paper highlighting the need for government agreement on the development of more useful criteria and statistics related to poverty. Currently the information that is
53:
grew by 35%. Almost half of that increase went to a small group who were already the richest in the country. During this period, the average income of the top 10% of earners in New
Zealand (those earning more than $ 72,000) almost doubled going from $ 56,300 to $ 100,200. The average income of the
118:
benefits, harm economic growth, provided these policies are well designed, targeted and implemented. It concluded that "focusing exclusively on growth and assuming that its benefits will automatically trickle down to the different segments of the population may undermine growth in the long run."
117:
In
December 2014, the OECD released the Global Income Inequality Report which said "ising inequality is estimated to have knocked more than 10 percentage points off growth in ...New Zealand" between 1990 and 2010. The paper found no evidence that redistributive policies, such as taxes and social
132:
In the 21st century concern has been growing that an increasing number of New
Zealanders, especially children, have been pushed into poverty where poverty is defined in income terms as households living at below 60% of the national median income. In 2005, an international report found that
149:
collected is 'static data' β it shows the percentage of citizens below a certain level of income. But New
Zealand is unique among western OECD countries in that it does not collect 'dynamic' data which captures the extent to which people move in and out of poverty.
153:
Because of the
Government's reluctance to define and measure the problem, in 2012 Children's Commissioner Dr Russell Wills, established an expert advisory group which produced a comprehensive report, called
144:
Percentage of children in New Zealand living in households with less than 50 percent of the median equivalised disposable household income after deducting housing costs, year ended June 2013β2022
571:
724:
599:
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which pushed more people onto welfare. Then in 1991, benefits were also cut back substantially as part of the 'reforms' and those on welfare have been struggling ever since.
759:
454:
102:
to discuss the relevance of their research to New Zealand. They argued that as inequality in New Zealand has grown, there has been a dramatic increase in the youth
70:
Factors contributing to the growth in inequality include substantial cuts in the top income tax rate in 1986β88 combined with a surge in unemployment caused by
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524:
236:
725:"Measuring child poverty in New Zealand: Issues and practicalities, Paper prepared for the Expert Advisory Group on Solutions to Child Poverty"
735:
496:
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109:
In 2012, life expectancy at birth in New Zealand stood at 81.5 years, more than one year higher than the OECD average of 80.2 years.
770:
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855:
850:
458:
572:"OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers No. 163 β Trends in Income Inequality and its Impact on Economic Growth"
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409:"Rogernomics and Rupture: Huntly's Response to the Corporatisation of State Coal Mines in 1987"
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455:"Inclusion, exclusion, poverty, racism and education: An outline of some present issues"
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to highlight the living conditions of children in New Zealand on an ongoing basis.
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198:
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which contains 78 recommendations to combat poverty. Dr Wills also set up the
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263:"Income inequality | NgΔ TΕ«tohu Aotearoa β Indicators Aotearoa New Zealand"
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103:
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809:"Solutions to Child Poverty in New Zealand: Evidence for Action"
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188:
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one in six children in New Zealand were being raised in poverty
155:
Solutions to Child Poverty in New Zealand: Evidence for Action
497:"Crime Statistics for calendar year ending 31 December 2014"
31:
periods, when successive governments sponsored a massive
304:
302:
54:
poorest tenth increased by 13% from $ 9700 to $ 11,000.
310:"The equality debate: Inequality in NZ under spotlight"
23:
An egalitarian New Zealand was briefly realised in the
511:"Health Expenditure Trends in New Zealand 2000β2010"
369:"Global suicide rates among young people aged 15β19"
211:
209:
690:. New Zealand Council of Christian Social Services.
237:"New Zealand Progress Indicators:Income inequality"
16:Overview of the economic inequality in New Zealand
600:"OECD income inequality gap widest in 30 years"
94:In 2014, Pickett and Wilkinson were invited to
699:
697:
705:"One in four Kiwi children living in poverty"
8:
345:"'Spirit Level' authors to speak in Dunedin"
630:"Income inequality stunts NZ growth β OECD"
367:; Cheng, Qi; Jiang, Guo-Xin (1 June 2005).
287:"Brian Fallow: Wealth gap goes mainstream"
384:
785:
783:
668:"NZ's child poverty rate one of highest"
182:
555:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
548:
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49:Between 1982 and 2011, New Zealand's
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57:Growing inequality is confirmed by
570:Federico Cingano (December 2014).
331:"The Spirit Level for New Zealand"
40:Economic inequality in New Zealand
14:
606:. 9 December 2014. Archived from
267:wellbeingindicators.stats.govt.nz
769:. p. para 7. Archived from
760:"Data on Poverty in New Zealand"
194:"NZ income gap at crisis level"
650:"Home β Child Poverty Monitor"
1:
688:"Facts About Poverty in 2009"
453:Ballard, Keith (2003-10-14).
90:Effects on social indicators
66:Growth in numbers on welfare
333:. "Closer Together" NZCCSS.
171:Social class in New Zealand
872:
430:"Suicide Facts: 2015 data"
125:
76:stock market crash of 1987
46:present in the country.
826:"Child Poverty Monitor"
856:Society of New Zealand
851:Economy of New Zealand
792:"The Heart of Poverty"
732:Statistics New Zealand
673:The New Zealand Herald
654:www.childpoverty.co.nz
635:The New Zealand Herald
477:Cite journal requires
315:The New Zealand Herald
292:The New Zealand Herald
241:Statistics New Zealand
222:The New Zealand Herald
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128:Poverty in New Zealand
59:Statistics New Zealand
51:gross domestic product
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434:Ministry of Health NZ
411:. Ir.canterbury.ac.nz
159:Child Poverty Monitor
143:
22:
767:New Zealand Treasury
217:"Paradise for a few"
202:. 19 September 2013.
846:Economic inequality
776:on 13 January 2015.
638:. 10 December 2014.
610:on 11 December 2014
797:. Maxim Institute.
713:. 9 December 2013.
295:. 24 October 2014.
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710:The Dominion Post
365:Wasserman, Danuta
350:Otago Daily Times
113:Effects on growth
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676:. 2 March 2005.
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537:on 4 March 2016
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225:. 22 June 2013.
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353:. 23 May 2014.
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126:Main article:
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379:(2): 114β20.
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329:Paul Barber.
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243:. August 2014
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614:10 December
584:11 December
247:22 December
199:Stuff.co.nz
72:Rogernomics
840:Categories
745:2020-04-20
439:2018-12-24
415:2018-09-05
272:2021-03-07
177:References
81:Professor
35:programme.
541:26 August
604:TV3 News
551:cite web
395:16633527
165:See also
104:suicides
96:Auckland
74:and the
29:post-war
25:interwar
386:1414751
122:Poverty
100:Dunedin
393:
383:
812:(PDF)
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616:2014
586:2014
579:OECD
557:link
543:2015
483:help
391:PMID
249:2014
98:and
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381:PMC
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