576:. Major ground base was built in order to liberalize the economy and soon after his election, an intense privatisation and liberalisation programme was started in 1990. From the statements issued by Sharif, both publicly and privately, the privatisation and liberalisation programmes were the pillars of Sharif's economic policies. Nawaz Sharif aggressively forwarded towards the privatisation, deregulation and liberalisation of private sector in a vision to "turning Pakistan into a Korea by encouraging greater private saving and investment to accelerate economic growth". Prime Minister Sharif's economics team actually implemented some of the serious economic liberalisation and privatisation measures that previous governments merely talked about. Many of the members of previous regimes now are seen arguing vociferously from the unfortunate position of, "
701:, who was destined to become country's successful technocratic Prime minister in 2004–07. The new economic liberalisation efforts began in 2000 after a year of careful studies. A powerful and aggressive liberalisation programme was launched with major state-owned enterprises (SOEs), banks, and other industries were put in private-sector ownership management. Particularly after 2001, the country went rapid rise in economic development and its GDP rate heightened first time in 1992. Shaukat Aziz aggressively implemented economic liberalisation policies despite labor union's resentments and reserves. For the first time 1980s, the GDP growth rate reached to 9.0%, one of the highest growth rate in the world.
777:), the economic liberalisation had halted Pakistan's GDP growth. The liberalisation reforms in 1990s entered Pakistan's economy into the "Era of Stagflation" where the unemployment and inflation took sharp rise but other hand, the productivity and the quality assurance of products increased. The Era of Stagflation hit poor and working class very hard and the inflation kept to rise despite many initiatives were taken by the successive governments. Pakistan's economist and financial specialists are uncertain what caused the stagflation in the first place with some arguing that the
280:. Under this programme, all major liberalised industries came under intense government-ownership management where majority of industries were vertically integrated. Under limited five-year of his government, the public and government sector expanded greatly, and government investment grew each and every year to boost the function of the industries. An extreme level of left-wing but nationalist economics reforms were introduced by Bhutto to raise the economic revenue of the government sector while curbing down the liberalise private-sector.
312:'s economic policy, including liberalisation and Islamisation of the economy. The government employed and adopted many recommendation policy studies by professionals, engineers, and economists to meet the goals of economic reforms. The new policy relied upon building private-sector and enterprises to achieve economic goals. Although, the new policy focused on liberalisation of economy but it fell under the Islamization programme, and forcefully reversed the nationalisation programme.
19:
161:
728:
2250:
237:
economists from government institutions in the 1960s indicated that the forty big industrial oligarch groups have had owned around 42% of the nation's industrial assets and more than 50% of private domestic assets. Eight of the nine major commercial banks were also controlled by these same industrial groups. Concern over the concentration of wealth was dramatically articulated in a 1968 speech by dr.
210:
593:
of being pursued with even greater vigor and effectiveness, the liberalisation programme could not substitute for adequate stabilization efforts and macroeconomic stability. By the end of 1993 which was the year of ousting the government of Nawaz Sharif, the benefits from economic liberalisation were seriously limited in the absence of reduction of effective
612:
735:
Although the economic liberalisation process in the country took off with great ground success, but in the 1990s, the targets were not successfully achieved because of the certain monetary obstacles and financial anomalies, despite the great expectation of Prime minister Nawaz Sharif. Ironically, the
592:
which was readily free, and at the same time, the interest rates were substantially liberalised, credit subsidies were cut, and energy prices were moved much closer to costs. The economic liberalisation and structural reform measures were necessary and had been overdue at that time. However, instead
648:
and monetary policies and the annual budget clearly confirmed the pause in the process of adjustment and reform, eliciting an adverse market reaction. This policy participated in sharp rise in unemployment and rapid deterioration in the external reserves position, bringing the country back to the
631:
severed the economic conditions in
Pakistan. The growth of the economy relatively slowed down in the year 1993–97, the country failed to attract the foreign investors to boost the economy. Responding to the crises, Benazir Bhutto tightened the control of megacorporations while on the other hand,
102:
went into complete effect and force, that led the economic and financial crises in
Pakistan. A much powerful socialist capitalism version was adopted in order to secure the revenue and financial capital of existing state-owned enterprises, with enforcement of nationalisation and privatisation at
772:
rates increased, except
Pakistan where its economic rates underwent either stagnation or stagflation. As compared to Indian economic liberalisation where growth rate of employment increased, on the other hand, Pakistan's growth rate dramatically fell, though it did reached the level of negative
315:
Several industries were privatised but not banks that were kept under government-ownership management. Under a new policy, the private-sector investment grew from ~33% in 1980 to ~44% in 1989. A new system was also formed in 1979, which marked the
Islamization of the economy. The new Islamize
236:
to liberalise the economy, the reforms on the other hand, came with controversies and popular rejections by the civil society. In public circles, the considerable debate about the inequitable distribution of income, wealth, and economic power began to take place at national level. Studies by
205:
resembled planned and central planning exclusively restricted for the military contracts, power and energy sector, and manufacture and operation of railroad network, telephone, telegraph, and wireless equipment. The rest of the sectors were left for the private-sector ownership management.
146:. The fruits of liberalisation reached their peak in 2003–04 when Pakistan recorded its highest national GDP growth to 8.96%~9.9%. In 2008–10, Pakistan is ranked 47th largest in the world in nominal terms and 27th largest in the world in terms of purchasing power parity (PPP).
201:'s government lacked qualified technical personnel, financial institutions, and natural resources to play a large role in developing the economy. Policies were goaded in the road of liberalism and state intervention at once to promote the national growth. The
644:, that was aimed to adjust the macroeconomics principles to alleviate the national economy. But, it had produced the short-lived outcomes and in 1994–95, the country had performed the economic results below its potential. Major concessions were made in
1416:
188:
in 1947. Since 1947, economic officials of government have sought a high rate of economic growth in an effort to lift the population out of poverty, first viewing rapid heavy industrialization and strong and powerful
249:
to development" had only concentrated wealth in the hands of "twenty-two industrial families." The
Planning Commission argued that the government needed to intervene in the economy to correct the natural tendency of
672:
was declined under Sharif's new economic policy. Sharif's government liberalise the exchange rate policy and residents and nonresidents in the country were allowed the open foreign currency accounts with banks and
668:. Sharif again put forward the aggressive privatisation and liberalisation programme, starting first with new monetary and taxation policies. At government level, the private-sector was given much support and the
583:
The liberalisation of economy was intended to end the government subsidiaries and to reduce the role of the government in national economy. Successful attempts were carried out by Sharif to expand the role of the
677:. However, such policies were short-lived when Pakistan under the leadership of Nawaz Sharif, ordered to perform nuclear tests in a direct response to Indian nuclear aggression, which led the imposition of
308:. Immediately, a new programme of reforms were introduced in order to secure the private-sector from being diminished in the country's economical platform. There were two cornerstones of President
785:
was doomed to failure from the very beginning, while others remained that there was a lack of coordination between fiscal and monetary authorities in a policies directed by Nawaz Sharif.
245:. Dr. Haq and the officials at planning commission claimed that Pakistan's national economic growth had done little to improve the standard of living of the common person and that the "
2227:
1248:
588:, and to redress the imbalances in social services. From 1990 to 1993, the private and foreign investments were greatly relaxed. This was followed by the liberalisation of the
2108:
597:
policies. As it grappled with the ongoing foreign exchange crisis in early 1993–97, Pakistan's most urgent economic need was to raise both national savings and exports.
1338:
1566:
1483:
1983:
1718:
1443:
1658:
1641:
653:
crisis in
October 1995. In 1996–97, Pakistan have ranked and regarded as "highly in-debt developing country" by the international financial organisations.
773:
percentage. Traditionally and in the universal terminology, the economic liberalisation reforms are viewed as to grow and promote the GDP growth (such as
213:
The GDP growth in each provinces of
Pakistan, for instance, Punjab had higher GDP growth were majority of economic liberalisation took place in 1980–99.
637:
1723:
1209:
289:
2287:
740:
later than a year in
Pakistan. In 1980–89, the economic reforms gained momentum and hard efforts were put to liberalise the economy before the
2272:
1224:
985:
1706:
765:
2212:
2171:
1944:
1614:
1554:
1093:
920:
2222:
1993:
1956:
1624:
1508:
606:
1252:
1012:
2045:
2020:
1619:
1436:
1027:
935:
641:
970:
2282:
2103:
1978:
892:
737:
710:
690:
299:
229:
218:
143:
112:
91:
82:
in 1990. The programme of economic liberalisation, as one of the counter-policy measure programme, came in a direct response to
2277:
2232:
2040:
1934:
665:
557:
2237:
1966:
1885:
1520:
674:
242:
53:
2123:
1929:
1917:
1713:
1696:
1651:
1609:
1561:
1460:
736:
economic liberalisation had a reversed effect on
Pakistan's economic development unlike neighboring India who started the
138:
Once again, the comprehensive and much more effective studies were conducted by then-Finance minister and Prime minister
2253:
2003:
1998:
1939:
1799:
1750:
1681:
1676:
1604:
1584:
1576:
1525:
1429:
971:"Islamization and Liberalization of the Economy under the Military Government of General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq: 1977–1988"
698:
155:
57:
1312:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1046:
2292:
2128:
2013:
1787:
1772:
1594:
1589:
904:
794:
778:
640:
against
Benazir Bhutto gained currency. In midst of 1993, Benazir Bhutto embarked an ambitious medium term programme,
565:
277:
263:
202:
83:
1125:
816:
217:
However, the efforts to liberalise the economy waned due to amid social and political unrest which led to the first
1515:
573:
295:
273:
72:
68:
2217:
1837:
1767:
1629:
1599:
325:
225:
79:
334:
Periods of Stagflation: the inflation increased as US Dollar gained currency during the times of liberalisation.
2082:
2077:
2060:
2055:
316:
ordinances were promulgated which also absorbed the liberalisation of the economy under a new economic system.
232:
that introduced extreme level of economic liberalisation of the economy. Widely appreciated and backed by the
1280:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1175:
748:, as country had realized long ago. Pakistan's economic liberalisation reforms and policies were followed by
2098:
1951:
1854:
1782:
1755:
1646:
650:
632:
continued the privatisation of mediocre industries to private-sector. From the period 1994–96, the level of
589:
34:
23:
2050:
1907:
1895:
1760:
1503:
633:
628:
548:
246:
164:
The liberalisation methods raised country's GDP growth at 9.38% (1964), 8.71% (1980s) and 8.97% (2004–07).
87:
2176:
2143:
2133:
1973:
1870:
1844:
1792:
1691:
1668:
1286:
722:
222:
38:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1148:
228:
took many initiatives for liberalising the economy and successfully supervised the promulgation of the
2118:
2072:
1988:
1961:
1924:
1912:
1809:
1733:
1549:
714:
645:
169:
42:
731:
The productivity and quality assurance increased but on the other hand, inflation took a sharp rise.
2067:
2008:
1832:
1804:
1452:
309:
304:
267:
181:
2154:
1880:
1814:
624:
194:
184:
was deeply understood and extensive efforts were carried out by the government of Prime minister
99:
18:
2138:
1900:
1890:
1875:
1777:
1701:
1220:
1023:
981:
931:
741:
661:
615:
The economic liberalism opens new stock exchanges offices in the country, the one illustrated.
108:
60:
2150:
2113:
774:
718:
561:
198:
185:
727:
2186:
1686:
1542:
1537:
1532:
177:
160:
116:
103:
once. Second attempt was again attempted by the Pakistan Muslim League and Prime minister
782:
678:
585:
190:
95:
52:
This policy programme was first conceived in early 1980s and thoroughly studied by the
919:
Singh, Sarina; Brown, Lindsay; Clammer, Paul; Cocks, Rodney; Mock, John (1 May 2008).
254:
to concentrate wealth in the hands of those who already possessed substantial assets.
2266:
2196:
1634:
1478:
797:– economic planning for the planned national economy of Pakistan under Benazir Bhutto
669:
620:
594:
238:
233:
64:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1473:
1468:
745:
694:
657:
569:
251:
139:
120:
104:
75:
1124:
Khan, Mohammad Zubair. "Overview of Macroeconomic Developments During 1992–1998".
1062:. Abdus Samad PhD, author of "Governance, Economic Policy and Reform in Pakistan"
769:
757:
209:
132:
46:
2181:
1361:
1292:. ZEF Bonn Zentrum für Entwicklungsforschung Center for Development Research
860:
858:
856:
854:
753:
128:
866:
852:
850:
848:
846:
844:
842:
840:
838:
836:
834:
611:
276:, Bhutto launched a much serious policy measure programme in 1971, called
1219:. University of Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 350–500.
656:
This led the dismissal of Benazir Bhutto's government, and the return of
173:
142:
in 2000 after assuming the charge of national economy as an aftermath of
124:
30:
1388:
1059:
560:, the conservatives for the first in the history of the country came to
1163:. Financial Techniques Internationale, Pakistan (Exchange Rate Policy).
1421:
1339:"For Karachi's lower class, economic liberalisation means tough going"
2191:
1179:
1060:"The Economic Policies of the first Nawaz Sharif Government 1990-93"
1849:
761:
749:
726:
610:
208:
159:
26:
symbolises the success of the economic liberalisation in Pakistan.
17:
1208:
Halliday, Terence C.; Karpik, Lucien; Malcolm M. Feeley (2012).
1020:
Public-sector Enterprises Management: International Case Studies
1013:"The Denationalization of Public-sector Enterprises in Pakistan"
1425:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1197:
871:
The United States Government and the U.S. Library of Congress
1311:
Syed Fazl-e-Haider, Special to Gulf News (20 January 2011).
1094:"Economic Policies in the 1990s in Pakistan – An Assessment"
1417:
Scholarly studies of Pakistan-based economic liberalization
1217:
Fates of Political Liberalization in Post-British Colonies
893:
First Five-Year Plans for the national economy of Pakistan
94:, the programme was halted and reversed by Prime minister
544:
693:, the new civic-military government brought the role of
1287:"Economic Liberalisation and Employment in South Asia"
873:. Country Studies, United States Government. p. 1
705:
Period of stagflation and general impact in South Asia
914:
912:
564:
under a democratic system. This right-wing alliance,
1022:. United States: Greenwood Press. pp. 182–250.
2205:
2164:
2091:
2033:
1863:
1823:
1741:
1732:
1667:
1575:
1492:
1459:
1133:. Financial Techniques and Interrationale, Pakistan
115:, however abruptly terminated the programme after
1249:"Falling behind - Pakistan's detoriating freedom"
1087:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1006:
1004:
193:as necessity and quick economic solution. At the
1567:Securities & Exchange Commission of Pakistan
980:. Washington DC: ABC-CLIO Inc. pp. 108–20.
964:
962:
960:
958:
956:
954:
1161:Liberalization and Economic Crisis in Pakistan
1127:Liberalization and Economic Crises in Pakistan
1437:
8:
1642:Pakistan and the International Monetary Fund
817:"Pakistan's trade liberalization experience"
1738:
1444:
1430:
1422:
1159:Khan, Mohammad Z. "Exchange Rate Policy".
764:, however, in all of these countries, the
1659:Pakistani economic crisis (2022–present)
1313:"Stagflation hits poor hard in Pakistan"
867:"Policy Developments since Independence"
329:
1178:. Jeddah Economic Forum. Archived from
807:
685:Attainability of capital liberalisation
290:Islamisation of the economy in Pakistan
37:in the 1990s to promote and accelerate
7:
1251:. Freidrich Neumann. Archived from
121:Chagai weapons-testing laboratories
1509:Governor of State Bank of Pakistan
1092:Administration (30 January 2010).
928:Pakistan and the Karakoram Highway
891:See the scholarly publications on
607:Periods of stagflation in Pakistan
320:Persuasive economic liberalisation
14:
1620:Medium Term Development Framework
930:. Lonely Planet. pp. 34–35.
2249:
2248:
969:Mohiuddin, Yasmeen Niaz (2007).
815:Armstrong, Shiro (7 July 2008).
711:Economic liberalisation in India
98:and the Peoples Party after the
1210:"Judicialization of Governance"
572:who was also country's elected
258:Era of economic progressiveness
2021:Mobile phone network operators
90:(PPP) in the 1970s. After the
1:
2288:Economic planning in Pakistan
1562:Pakistan Bureau of Statistics
921:"Chapter I: Military Misrule"
241:, the chief economist of the
67:and was implemented first by
2273:Economic history of Pakistan
1526:Finance Minister of Pakistan
578:we were going to do that too
180:for the rapid growth of the
156:Economic history of Pakistan
1011:Ali Farazmand, ed. (1996).
905:Five-Year Plans of Pakistan
795:Five-Year Plans of Pakistan
601:Era of economic stagflation
566:Islamic Democratic Alliance
331:PKR per US dollar 1995–2008
294:In 1977, the government of
264:Nationalization in Pakistan
203:Five-Year Plans of Pakistan
2309:
2213:Central business districts
2172:Central business districts
2165:Central business districts
978:Pakistan: A Global Studies
865:United States Government.
708:
604:
347:
342:
323:
287:
261:
153:
2246:
1630:National debt of Pakistan
545:PKR exchange rates in USD
542:
349:
344:
339:
326:Privatization in Pakistan
278:nationalization programme
84:nationalization programme
1555:Federal Board of Revenue
681:embargo on both states.
284:Reforms and Islamization
117:weapon-test performances
2283:Economic liberalization
2233:Pakistanis by net worth
1984:Cottage and small scale
1876:Entertainment and Media
1855:Pakistan Stock Exchange
1647:Foreign aid to Pakistan
1615:Economic Liberalization
1484:State-owned enterprises
1174:Jeddah Economic Forum.
738:economic liberalisation
296:Pakistan People's Party
80:privatisation programme
35:economic liberalisation
22:The golden bull of the
2278:Liberalism in Pakistan
1994:Information technology
1957:Science and technology
1908:Healthcare in Pakistan
1625:Periods of stagflation
1504:State Bank of Pakistan
732:
666:1997 general elections
642:Eighth Five-Year Plans
629:Asian financial crisis
616:
558:1990 general elections
298:(PPP) was ousted in a
214:
165:
113:1997 general elections
92:1993 general elections
88:Pakistan Peoples Party
69:Pakistan Muslim League
27:
2223:International ranking
2177:I. I. Chundrigar Road
1610:Islamic economization
730:
723:Economy of Bangladesh
614:
247:trickle-down approach
212:
163:
39:economic independence
21:
1979:Books and publishing
715:Economy of Sri Lanka
150:Exclusive liberalism
1453:Economy of Pakistan
1255:on 15 December 2013
636:heightened and the
556:As an aftermath of
336:
268:Socialist economics
243:Planning Commission
54:ministry of finance
2293:Reform in Pakistan
2238:Standard of living
2124:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
2092:Domestic economies
1967:Telecommunications
1366:Najam Sethi (1994)
1247:Nueman, Fredrich.
781:of Prime minister
733:
625:Pressler amendment
617:
568:(IDA), was led by
330:
215:
166:
100:Pressler amendment
33:began a period of
28:
2260:
2259:
2034:People and labour
2029:
2028:
1697:National highways
1411:Scholarly sources
1389:"The Blind Spots"
1387:Dr. Abdus Samad.
1226:978-1-107-01278-3
1096:. Viewstonews.com
987:978-1-85109-802-6
819:. East Asia Forum
742:Fall of communism
662:exclusive mandate
554:
553:
335:
230:1962 Constitution
109:exclusive mandate
78:, as part of the
61:Ghulam Ishaq Khan
58:finance ministers
2300:
2252:
2251:
2228:Provinces by GDP
2114:Gilgit-Baltistan
1751:Renewable energy
1739:
1707:Railway stations
1585:Numbering system
1521:Finance ministry
1446:
1439:
1432:
1423:
1404:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1384:
1378:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1362:"A Brave Budget"
1357:
1351:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1341:. Pakistan Today
1334:
1328:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1308:
1302:
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1262:
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766:index of imports
719:Economy of Nepal
699:Finance minister
691:1999 coup d'état
651:foreign exchange
590:foreign exchange
337:
333:
302:under codename,
221:in the country.
186:Liaquat Ali Khan
182:national economy
176:, the country's
168:After exclusive
144:1999 coup d'état
2308:
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2187:Gulberg, Lahore
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2087:
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2014:Medical tourism
1945:Pharmaceuticals
1859:
1825:
1819:
1788:Rice production
1773:Fuel extraction
1743:
1728:
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1595:Nationalization
1590:Five-Year Plans
1571:
1533:Pakistani rupee
1496:
1494:
1488:
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1397:
1395:
1393:Dr. Abdus Samad
1386:
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1317:Gulf News, 2011
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1285:Dev, Mahendra.
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988:
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938:
923:
918:
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898:
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886:
876:
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864:
863:
832:
822:
820:
814:
813:
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804:
791:
779:planned economy
768:and economical
725:
709:Main articles:
707:
687:
609:
603:
332:
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262:Main articles:
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178:economic policy
158:
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107:after securing
12:
11:
5:
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2147:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2095:
2093:
2089:
2088:
2086:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2064:
2063:
2053:
2048:
2046:Businesspeople
2043:
2037:
2035:
2031:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2023:
2018:
2017:
2016:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1970:
1969:
1964:
1954:
1949:
1948:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1922:
1921:
1920:
1915:
1905:
1904:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1873:
1867:
1865:
1861:
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1852:
1847:
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1829:
1827:
1821:
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1807:
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1797:
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1724:Vehicle plates
1721:
1716:
1711:
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1699:
1694:
1689:
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1679:
1673:
1671:
1669:Transportation
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1426:
1420:
1419:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1379:
1360:Sethi, Najam.
1352:
1329:
1303:
1266:
1239:
1225:
1213:(Google books)
1193:
1176:"Shaukat Aziz"
1166:
1144:
1107:
1073:
1042:
1028:
1016:(Google books)
1000:
986:
974:(Google books)
950:
936:
924:(Google books)
908:
896:
884:
830:
806:
805:
803:
800:
799:
798:
790:
787:
783:Benazir Bhutto
706:
703:
686:
683:
605:Main article:
602:
599:
586:private sector
574:Prime minister
552:
551:
540:
539:
536:
533:
530:
527:
523:
522:
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516:
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375:
372:
370:
366:
365:
362:
359:
356:
352:
351:
348:
346:
343:
341:
324:Main article:
321:
318:
288:Main article:
285:
282:
259:
256:
191:Private-sector
151:
148:
133:Kargil debacle
96:Benazir Bhutto
73:Prime minister
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2305:
2294:
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2279:
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2268:
2255:
2245:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2218:Foreign trade
2216:
2214:
2211:
2210:
2208:
2204:
2198:
2197:Serai Quarter
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2169:
2167:
2163:
2156:
2152:
2149:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2131:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2090:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2078:Trades unions
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2032:
2022:
2019:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1926:
1925:Manufacturing
1923:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1910:
1909:
1906:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1862:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1839:
1838:List of banks
1836:
1835:
1834:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1822:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1780:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1768:Nuclear power
1766:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1731:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1708:
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1700:
1698:
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1693:
1690:
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1683:
1680:
1678:
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1674:
1672:
1670:
1666:
1660:
1657:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1636:
1635:circular debt
1633:
1632:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1600:Privatization
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1574:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1551:
1548:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1534:
1531:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1491:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1479:KSE 100 Index
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1447:
1442:
1440:
1435:
1433:
1428:
1427:
1424:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1410:
1394:
1390:
1383:
1380:
1368:. Najam Sethi
1367:
1363:
1356:
1353:
1340:
1333:
1330:
1318:
1314:
1307:
1304:
1288:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1267:
1254:
1250:
1243:
1240:
1228:
1222:
1218:
1211:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1194:
1182:on 5 May 2012
1181:
1177:
1170:
1167:
1162:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1129:
1128:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1095:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1061:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1043:
1031:
1029:0-313-28025-8
1025:
1021:
1014:
1007:
1005:
1001:
989:
983:
979:
972:
965:
963:
961:
959:
957:
955:
951:
939:
937:9781741045420
933:
929:
922:
915:
913:
909:
906:
900:
897:
894:
888:
885:
872:
868:
861:
859:
857:
855:
853:
851:
849:
847:
845:
843:
841:
839:
837:
835:
831:
818:
811:
808:
801:
796:
793:
792:
788:
786:
784:
780:
776:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
729:
724:
720:
716:
712:
704:
702:
700:
697:as appointed
696:
692:
684:
682:
680:
676:
671:
670:public sector
667:
663:
659:
654:
652:
647:
643:
639:
635:
630:
626:
622:
621:United States
613:
608:
600:
598:
596:
595:macroeconomic
591:
587:
581:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
550:
546:
541:
537:
534:
531:
528:
525:
524:
520:
517:
514:
511:
508:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
493:
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488:
485:
483:
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476:
474:
471:
469:
466:
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462:
460:
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455:
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451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
437:
434:
432:
429:
427:
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423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
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409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
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391:
389:
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385:
382:
381:
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376:
373:
371:
368:
367:
363:
360:
357:
354:
353:
338:
327:
319:
317:
313:
311:
307:
306:
301:
297:
291:
283:
281:
279:
275:
269:
265:
257:
255:
253:
248:
244:
240:
239:Mahbub-ul-Haq
235:
234:United States
231:
227:
224:
220:
211:
207:
204:
200:
196:
192:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
170:establishment
162:
157:
149:
147:
145:
141:
136:
134:
130:
126:
123:in 1998 (See
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
74:
70:
66:
65:Mahbub-ul-Haq
62:
59:
55:
50:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
25:
20:
16:
2099:Azad Kashmir
2083:Unemployment
2061:Child labour
2056:Labour force
2041:Billionaires
1742:Resource and
1474:KSE 30 Index
1469:KMI 30 Index
1396:. Retrieved
1392:
1382:
1370:. Retrieved
1365:
1355:
1343:. Retrieved
1332:
1320:. Retrieved
1316:
1306:
1294:. Retrieved
1257:. Retrieved
1253:the original
1242:
1230:. Retrieved
1216:
1184:. Retrieved
1180:the original
1169:
1160:
1135:. Retrieved
1126:
1098:. Retrieved
1064:. Retrieved
1033:. Retrieved
1019:
991:. Retrieved
977:
941:. Retrieved
927:
899:
887:
875:. Retrieved
870:
821:. Retrieved
810:
746:Soviet Union
734:
695:Shaukat Aziz
688:
658:Nawaz Sharif
655:
618:
582:
577:
570:Nawaz Sharif
555:
314:
303:
293:
271:
252:free markets
216:
167:
140:Shaukat Aziz
137:
105:Nawaz Sharif
76:Nawaz Sharif
51:
29:
15:
2104:Balochistan
1952:Real estate
1783:Agriculture
1756:Solar power
1605:Corporation
1495:governance,
943:14 December
775:India's GDP
649:brink of a
529:10 October
300:coup d'état
219:martial law
111:during the
43:development
2267:Categories
2144:Rawalpindi
2134:Faisalabad
2051:Demography
1935:Automotive
1896:Television
1886:Newspapers
1761:Wind power
1744:production
1497:regulation
802:References
770:GDP growth
758:Bangladesh
689:After the
634:corruption
538:PKR 63.50
532:PKR 80.00
521:PKR 60.50
515:PKR 60.75
500:PKR 58.00
486:PKR 57.75
472:PKR 59.72
458:PKR 61.93
444:PKR 53.65
430:PKR 51.90
416:PKR 44.55
402:PKR 40.19
392:PKR 35.27
374:PKR 30.93
345:Highest ↑
310:Zia-ul-Haq
272:After the
154:See also:
131:) and the
47:GDP growth
2182:Blue Area
2119:Islamabad
1974:Transport
1930:Aerospace
1918:Hospitals
1871:Education
1845:Insurance
1824:Financial
1800:Livestock
1714:Dry ports
1692:Motorways
1538:Banknotes
1493:Currency,
1461:Companies
754:Sri Lanka
350:Lowest ↓
305:Fair Play
226:Ayub Khan
223:President
197:in 1947,
195:partition
135:in 1999.
129:Chagai-II
2254:Category
2206:See also
2073:Pensions
1989:Forestry
1962:Internet
1826:services
1810:Forestry
1719:Seaports
1702:Railways
1682:Airports
1677:Airlines
1652:U.S. aid
1550:Taxation
1398:8 August
1372:8 August
1345:8 August
1322:7 August
1296:8 August
1259:8 August
1232:7 August
1186:7 August
1137:7 August
1131:(scribd)
1100:6 August
1066:6 August
1035:6 August
993:6 August
877:6 August
823:5 August
789:See also
660:with an
646:taxation
627:and the
543:Source:
274:1971 war
199:Ali Khan
174:Pakistan
125:Chagai-I
71:and the
31:Pakistan
2155:Karachi
2068:Poverty
2009:Tourism
2004:Tobacco
1999:Textile
1940:Defence
1833:Banking
1805:Fishery
1734:Sectors
1687:Bridges
1577:History
1543:Coinage
1337:Staff.
744:in the
664:in the
638:charges
56:led by
2192:Saddar
2139:Lahore
2129:Punjab
1881:Cinema
1815:Mining
1516:Budget
1223:
1026:
984:
934:
760:, and
721:, and
623:based
535:1 Apr
518:1 Nov
512:5 Aug
45:, and
2151:Sindh
1901:Music
1891:Radio
1864:Other
1850:KIBOR
1290:(PDF)
903:See:
762:Nepal
750:India
675:NBFIs
562:power
526:2010
509:2009
495:2006
481:2005
467:2003
453:2002
439:2001
425:2000
411:1999
397:1998
383:1997
369:1996
364:Rate
361:Date
358:Rate
355:Date
340:Year
2109:FATA
1913:AIDS
1778:Food
1400:2012
1374:2012
1347:2012
1324:2012
1298:2012
1261:2012
1234:2012
1221:ISBN
1188:2012
1139:2012
1102:2012
1068:2012
1037:2012
1024:ISBN
995:2012
982:ISBN
945:2013
932:ISBN
879:2012
825:2012
619:The
266:and
127:and
63:and
1793:Tea
580:".
549:SBP
172:of
119:in
86:of
24:PSX
2269::
1391:.
1364:.
1315:.
1269:^
1215:.
1196:^
1147:^
1110:^
1076:^
1045:^
1018:.
1003:^
976:.
953:^
926:.
911:^
869:.
833:^
756:,
752:,
717:,
713:,
679:UN
547:,
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41:,
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2153:(
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1431:v
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1376:.
1349:.
1326:.
1300:.
1263:.
1236:.
1190:.
1141:.
1104:.
1070:.
1039:.
997:.
947:.
881:.
827:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
