Economy of British Columbia

1114: 830: 1089: 898: 459: 1159: 1097: 259: 372: 1239: 3561: 74: 3547: 977:. There are also 350 private career training institutions with more than 50,000 students attending yearly. British Columbia's trades training system currently serves more than 38,000 apprentices. The quality of education in British Columbia is considered very high and Canada has the highest proportion of working-age adults who have been through higher education among developed countries in the world. 24: 467:

economy is more diverse, with service industries accounting for the largest portion (75%) of the province's gross domestic product (GDP). Over the past several decades, employment in resource industries has fallen steadily as a percentage of employment, and new job growth has occurred mostly in the construction, real estate, leasing and rental, and the retail/service sectors.

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British Columbia has over 150 years of mining history. In 2017, B.C. produced $ 8.8 billion worth of mining-related products, including coal, copper, gold, molybdenum, silver, aggregates, industrial minerals and other mining products. Currently 16 metal and coal mines are in production and over 1,000

1125:) to help drive economic growth. FDI enhances the ability of businesses and countries to expand capacity, resulting in more economic activity, more jobs, new sources of tax revenue, and gains in income. From 2012 to 2016, B.C. ranked second only to the province of Ontario in attracting FDI in Canada. 1023:

British Columbia's general corporate income tax rate is 12%. When combined with the federal rate, B.C. businesses pay a general corporate income tax rate of 27%. B.C. has the lowest provincial personal income taxes in Canada for single individuals earning up to $ 125,000 (CAD). The sales tax rate for

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Tourism is one of British Columbia's leading economic sectors and is significant in every region of the province. Tourism generated $ 18 billion (CAD) in revenues in 2017, contributing 10% to GDP. In 2015, tourism employed 127,700 British Columbians. There were nearly 19,000 tourism-related business

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British Columbia is an important hub for goods shipped to and from Asia, and as a result, B.C.’s export markets are more diversified than Canada and other provinces. While Canada typically sees over three-quarters of exports flow to the US, this market accounts for just over half of British Columbia

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is a provincial government body responsible for the administration of British Columbia's public health system. The ministry works with health authorities, health care providers, agencies and other organizations to guide and enhance the province's health services. The quality of healthcare in British

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was completed, allowing for easier movement of goods and services. As population increased, it became concentrated around the ports in the southwest part of the province. Management and financial activities related to resource development remained in these coastal cities during this time, including

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With leading market share in the United States, China, Japan, and South Korea, B.C. is one of the world's largest exporters of wood products including wood, pulp, timber, lumber and other forest products. Almost 60% of British Columbia's land base is productive forest land, providing rich, diverse

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British Columbia's natural gas resources are estimated at over 2,900 trillion cubic feet of gas-in-place, far exceeding domestic use needs by several hundred years. Natural gas extraction has taken place in B.C. since the early 1950s. The northeast region of the province is where most natural gas

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In 2016, close to 6,900 B.C. businesses exported goods to destinations outside of Canada. Of these, over 5,900 (or 86%) were small businesses that shipped approximately $ 18 billion worth of goods to international destinations, making up 43% of the total value of goods exported from the province,

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Vast timber supplies – British Columbia has 55 million hectares of productive forests that provide diverse and abundant wood fiber. These forests contain roughly 11 billion cubic metres of timber. However, in recent years, a pine beetle outbreak and large forest fires have resulted in low timber

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in Vancouver is exceptionally challenging. Even though Vancouver is often ranked as the most expensive city in Canada to live due to the high cost of housing, it is still relatively modest when compared on a global scale to other major urban centres in respect to overall cost of living factors.

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The B.C. government's annual budget is tabled for debate and vote in the provincial legislature every year in February. The Budget and Fiscal Plan is the main budget document that outlines the Province's three-year fiscal plan, including economic outlook, revenues, spending, tax measures, risks

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British Columbia has historically been a resource-dominated economy centred on the forest industry, with fluctuating importance in mining, farming and natural gas. About 60% of British Columbia is forested, accounting for approximately 19.5% of the forested land in Canada. Today however, B.C.'s

1543:, Mitsubishi and KOGAS, based in Kitimat, will be the first terminal in B.C. to come onstream with a large-scale LNG export capacity by 2025. Smaller scale LNG exports are planned for Fortis BC's Tilbury Island facility in Delta and by Woodfibre LNG in Squamish, owned by Pacific Oil & Gas. 960:

services span the province. However, due to predominantly mountainous terrain, many sparsely populated areas of the province offer no cellphone or internet services. An advanced communications infrastructure also provides telephone, broadcasting, cable, wireless and other information services.

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have lived in the area now known as B.C. for more than 10,000 years, where economic activities centred around fishing, hunting and food gathering. The area was home to thousands of Indigenous peoples when European explorers began to visit in the 1750s. However, the area was difficult for early

1222:), an affiliate of the Economist, consistently ranks Vancouver as one of the most livable cities in the world; in 2018, the top city in the Americas and fifth globally. The EIU's rankings of 140 cities are based on stability, health care, culture, environment, education and infrastructure. 888:

An extensive all-weather provincial highway and railway network makes transporting goods and services to North American markets seamless and reliable. B.C.'s well-maintained highway system allows efficient trucking across Canada and easy access to interstate highways in the United States.

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B.C. is home to approximately 2,050 life sciences companies. Key areas where British Columbia is producing products and services include HIV-AIDS, oncology and genomics fields. Leading companies include STEMCELL Technologies, Zymeworks, AbCellera Biologics, Starfish Medical, and Aurinia

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exports. Other key markets for the province include China (15%), Japan (11%) and other Asian countries (12%). The diversification of sectors and markets reduces the vulnerability of the B.C. provincial economy from sector-specific or trading partner-specific negative impacts.

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A growing value-added sector – Small and medium-sized firms produce a wide range of value-added products, such as treated lumber, engineered wood products, shakes and shingles, posts, poles, log and timber-frame homes, mouldings, and other finished or semi-finished

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Columbia is relatively similar to other Canadian provinces. In Canada, public health insurance is available to all eligible Canadian citizens and permanent residents who can apply for provincial health coverage. In B.C., public health insurance is called the

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While the province attracts a healthy inflow of immigrants to help grow its labour force through government programs, attracting and retaining skilled workplace resources in cities with very high housing costs, poses a challenge for many B.C. businesses.

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There were a total of 501,300 businesses in B.C. in 2017; of these, 98% were small businesses with fewer than 50 employees. Further, 83% of businesses in B.C. employed fewer than five employees, and 60% were self-employed individuals with no paid help.

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Accommodation and food services generated over one-third (35.5%) of total tourism revenue in 2015. Transportation services accounted for nearly a third (32.0%) and retail services accounted for more than a quarter (26.3%) of total tourism revenue.

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Global technology giants like Samsung, SAP, Fujitsu, and salesforce.com have established a presence in British Columbia. In 2017, the global venture capital community injected $ 646 million in British Columbia. The city has 800 to 1,100 start-ups.

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B.C. is also home to Canada's Digital Technology Supercluster, a collaborative effort of over 200 organizations, including some of Canada's biggest names in health care, telecommunications, natural resources, computing and transportation.

885:(Canadian National, Canadian Pacific, and BNSF), connecting ports on the Atlantic, Pacific and Gulf coasts to key markets throughout Canada, the United States and Mexico. British Columbia has six railways crossings into the United States. 1533:, the Liard Basin and the Cordova Embayment. There are also more than 44,000 kilometres of existing pipelines in British Columbia – gathering pipelines, transmission pipelines and the pipelines that deliver natural gas to customers. 1031:

among Canadian provinces, reflecting a strong balance sheet and depth and diversity of a fiscally stable economy. Agencies such as Moody's, Standard and Poor's, and Fitch rate B.C.’s debt as AAA and stable. As of March 2019, total

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reserves. For more than 50 years B.C. has ranked second only to Alberta in natural gas production in Canada. In recent years, B.C. has begun to expand natural gas export capacity to markets beyond North America in the form of

1539:(LNG) – a shippable form of natural gas – saw usage double globally between 2000 and 2010 and is expected to increase by another 50 per cent by 2020. The LNG Canada joint venture under development, involving Shell, Petronas, 3379: 1499:

significant industrial mineral and aggregate operations are found throughout the province. The mining industry continues to grow in environmentally sustainable and socially responsible ways to meet global demand. In 2017:

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Multilingual, with more than 400,000 British Columbia workers identifying one of the Chinese dialects as their first language. Another 139,000 have Punjabi as their first language. 52,000 identify themselves as speaking

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In 2016, half of inward FDI in Canada came from the United States. Investments from Asia have increased and now account for 10% of FDI in Canada, significantly weighted in the energy and natural resource sectors.

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Around the turn of the 20th century, entrepreneurs came to B.C. to develop the province's vast natural resources and agricultural potential, ushering a period of rapid economic expansion and population growth.

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Varied tree species – Tree species in B.C. forests are primarily coniferous or softwood, including Douglas fir, western hemlock, Pacific silver fir, western red cedar, lodgepole pine and interior spruce.

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A land tenure system – Most of B.C. land is publicly owned. The provincial government issues land tenures, giving companies the right to harvest in exchange for fees and management responsibilities.

1080:, which creates a single economic region encompassing British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba: a marketplace of more than 11 million people and a GDP of more than $ 700 billion. 1719: 2923: 913:, which are ice-free year-round, are Asia's closest ports of entry on the west coast of North America—saving shippers more than two days travel time as compared to other west coast ports. 1262:

B.C.’s aerospace sector is the third-largest in Canada. More than 200 companies generate a total of $ 1.8 billion (CAD) in revenue annually and nearly 9,000 people are employed directly.

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forecast and assumptions. The fiscal year runs from April to March. Healthcare, education and social development programs have historically been the largest B.C. government expenditures.

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The Mercer Human Resource Consulting Group's 2019 Quality of Living Survey ranks Vancouver first in North America and third out of 231 cities worldwide. The Economist Intelligence Unit (

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companies and is a leading centre for scientific innovation. Clean technology companies including Ballard Power Systems, Methanex, General Fusion, MineSense, Corvus Energy, Awesense,

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statistics. A temperate climate, cosmopolitan and culturally diverse cities, social stability, high-quality health care and education, and an abundant natural environment result in a

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There are approximately 2,800 food and beverage processing companies in B.C. employing over 32,000 people in 2017, generating $ 9.8 billion in revenues and $ 3.9 billion in exports.

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is Canada's largest port and the third largest port in North America; it is responsible for Canada's trade with more than 170 world economies. The ports of Vancouver and

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attracted tens of thousands of people to the interior areas of the province. B.C. remained a British colony until 1871 when it became a province of Canada. In 1885, the

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Nearly 1,000 companies are active in the ocean technology sector in British Columbia. The ocean technology industry has built on its history to lead in areas such as:

866: 3094: 443: 2949: 2354: 1070: 1053:

access to the world's largest marketplaces in Asia, North America and Europe thanks to the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans Pacific Partnership (

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Over the next decade, demand for workers is expected to surpass supply in B.C. Several industries are expected to offer particularly strong job opportunities:

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While B.C. is known globally for maintaining a high standard of living and being among the best places to live and work, the cost of living, and specifically

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manufacturing also began in southwestern cities, due in part, to the high cost of transporting manufactured goods from eastern Canada and the US at the time.

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was completed, linking the country from east to west. The railway increased trade and the movement of people and resources from the Atlantic to the Pacific.

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In 2018, the Government of British Columbia launched CleanBC, a plan to reduce emissions, advance the clean tech sector and grow B.C.’s low-carbon economy.

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and is highly concentrated along B.C.’s southern coast. Around 60% of B.C.’s population resides in the Mainland/Southwest region which includes the City of

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was colonized by the British and a lease was granted to the Hudson's Bay Company giving it exclusive trading rights on Vancouver Island. Soon after, the

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B.C. has had the lowest unemployment rate in Canada since July 2017. The province is home to a diverse and skilled workforce, characterized as being:

986: 1711: 1088: 897: 829: 1778: 1402:

Water and waste resource management technologies that turn wastewater and solid waste into drinking water, clean energy and marketable materials.

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The sector includes a diverse group of companies capable of supporting global supply chains, offering products and services in such areas as:

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Hydrogen and fuel cells—Particularly for applications beyond transportation—from the smallest mobile devices to telecommunications stations.

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Flexible, with more than 80% employed in service industries, including a quarter in professional, educational and business support services.

3587: 3522: 3481: 1158: 2687: 258: 3446: 1586:

establishments operating in the province during 2015, including over 400 Indigenous businesses offering authentic cultural experiences.

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purchased retail goods in B.C. is 7% (PST). Both goods and services are also subject to a federal goods and services tax of 5% (GST).

407: 3027: 34: 1439:

B.C. is home to an ICT industry comprising more than 5,300 companies and supporting over 62,700 jobs pursuing advances in software,

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Energy management and efficiency technologies, such as smart measurement, monitoring and controls that power intelligent energy use.

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due to mostly mountainous terrain, the province is agriculturally rich. This can be attributed to relatively mild weather along the

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B.C.’s economy is diversified, which is reflected by a broad range of sectors that encompass its economy and largest corporations.

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Varied wood products – Commodity products, including standard dimensional lumber, pulp, paper, and panel boards, and wood pellets.

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Highly educated, with more than 60% having taken post-secondary education and well over a quarter possessing a university degree.

862: 858: 46: 1745: 2276: 906: 846: 3243: 3032: 1463: 842: 380: 2148: 418:

expanded to the west of the Rocky Mountains and established trading outposts. The company traded with Indigenous tribes for

854: 850: 283: 1195:

The mandatory minimum wage in B.C. is $ 16.75 an hour as of June 2023 and is set to rise incrementally in coming years.

910: 2924:"Mercer's 25th annual Cost of Living Survey finds cities in Asia most expensive locations for employees working abroad" 3142: 2122: 1219: 3496: 2328: 2251: 1967: 1016:, which is also responsible for oversight of the Canadian financial system, including banking and monetary policies. 3351: 2866: 1001:. Exclusive legislative powers are delineated between federal and provincial levels of government as defined by the 3426: 1679: 365: 2738: 1627: 1490:

Pharmaceuticals with specialization in biotechnology and pharmaceuticals, medical devices and medical technology.

318: 1122: 953: 928:

British Columbia also has an abundance of natural gas, estimated at over 2,900 trillion cubic feet of marketable

302: 2174: 2071: 1650:

Table 36-10-0222-01 Gross domestic product, expenditure-based, provincial and territorial, annual (x 1,000,000)

1174: 435: 423: 3476: 3116: 2712: 2583: 1133: 322: 2327:

Government of Canada, Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) (20 December 2018).

2021: 306: 3506: 3486: 2505: 2225: 1856: 1448: 957: 415: 151: 2790: 1804: 1607: 371: 2764: 1002: 123: 3419: 3192: 1536: 1467: 1293: 1178: 934: 870: 838: 2635: 889:

Computerized traffic management and integrated rail-truck terminals ensure effective freight transfer.

3325: 1506:

B.C. exported $ 2.6 billion worth of copper ores and concentrates as Canada's largest copper producer.

3063: 2302: 1526: 1077: 1066: 1033: 1028: 447: 345: 295: 269: 207: 138: 3471: 3002: 1649: 974: 881:

British Columbia is the only gateway on the west coast of the Americas served by three continental

230:

province by population and fourth largest provincial economy. Like other provinces in the Canadian

3167: 1830: 3527: 3491: 3461: 3300: 2531: 1452: 1383: 1226: 998: 922: 2841: 3411: 3501: 3442: 1530: 1509:

B.C. is Canada's only producer of molybdenum ores and concentrates ($ 110 million in exports).

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Due to a stable, sustainable economy, British Columbia compares favorably when evaluating key

970: 357: 247: 2662:"Inward Greenfield FDI Performance Index - Economy Provincial Rankings - How Canada Performs" 290:

along with substantial areas of lowlands and plateaus. Though less than 5% of B.C.’s land is

3532: 1653: 1379: 1366: 1185: 882: 427: 361: 326: 223: 1399:

Renewable energy technology based on the development, testing and use of natural resources.

73: 3551: 2610:"Issue 18-76 Measuring Diversification in British Columbia - Province of British Columbia" 1440: 1212: 1208: 1009: 243: 234:, B.C. consists of both private and public institutions. However, as Canada's westernmost 90: 1751:(Report). Vol. 6. Victoria: Government of British Columbia (published 7 July 2023). 1370:) is a common pest of strawberry here, along with various other berries and tree fruits. 1117:

Inward Greenfield Foreign Direct Investment Performance Index, Canadian Provinces 2012-16

462:

British Columbia's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by Sector, 2018 British Columbia's (B.C.)

1936: 246:, B.C. has unique economic characteristics that distinguish it from much of the rest of 2557: 1466:(UBC)—ranked second in Canada in both computer science and engineering—holds dozens of 1352: 1013: 810:

Economic Analysis, B.C. Economic Forecast (2019-2022, 2018-2021), Central1 Credit Union

314: 310: 1073:) which currently awaits ratification by governments of Canada and the United States. 3581: 3565: 1348: 1312: 1162:

British Columbia's (B.C.) Workforce by Sector of Employment British Columbia's (B.C.)

277: 272:. B.C.’s location on Canada's west coast puts it at the commercial crossroads of the 239: 2046: 1393:

Clean transportation—Developing plug-in electric, fuel cell and natural gas engines.

1069:

to supersede NAFTA, the Canada-United States-Mexico Agreement (CUSMA, also known as

925:. Electricity rates in British Columbia are also among the lowest in North America. 800:

B.C. Financial and Economy Review (2019, 2018, 2017), Government of British Columbia

921:

More than 98% of the electricity generated in British Columbia comes from clean or

273: 3218:"Trade and Invest BC - Invest in Canada | BC Information ICT| Trade and Invest BC" 2816: 805:

B.C. Key Statistical Indicators (2019, 2018, 2017), Government of British Columbia

3301:"Trade and Invest BC - Invest in Canada | BC Mining - Gold | Trade and Invest BC" 3143:"Trade and Invest BC - Invest in Canada BC | BC Clean Tech | Trade and Invest BC" 2506:"Corporate Income Tax Rates & Business Limits - Province of British Columbia" 1805:"The Daily — Gross domestic product by industry: Provinces and territories, 2018" 3168:"Trade and Invest BC - Import BC Canada forestry - lumber | Trade and Invest BC" 3003:"Trade and Invest BC - Invest in Canada BC | BC Agrifoods | Trade and Invest BC" 2977: 1514: 1503:

British Columbia's mineral and coal exports were worth nearly $ 9 billion (CAD).

1320: 392: 388: 291: 99: 3326:"Trade and Invest BC - Invest in Canada | BC Natural Gas | Trade and Invest BC" 1137: 2226:"Prince Rupert is North America's closest port to Asian Markets for exporting" 2199: 1540: 1344: 1050: 997:

Canada, and in turn, British Columbia's system of government, is based on the

452: 349: 287: 231: 191: 2739:"Trade and Invest BC - Invest In Canada | BC Workforce | Trade and Invest BC" 2479: 2432: 411:

Europeans to reach, so it was the last part of North America to be explored.

1657: 1005:. Municipal powers are delegated by each respective provincial legislature. 949: 929: 431: 419: 353: 134: 78: 1215:

and economic well-being that attract people to B.C. from around the world.

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The B.C. provincial government promotes exports and FDI through a physical

45:

by adding information on neglected viewpoints, or discuss the issue on the

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stood at $ 66.0 (CAD) billion – representing 22.3% of B.C.’s nominal GDP.

384: 330: 2252:"NEB – Canada's Renewable Power Landscape 2017 – Energy Market Analysis" 1412:

and abundant wood fibre. The B.C. forest industry is characterized by:

1343:(formerly the Fraser Valley Strawberry Growers Association) represents 2303:"NEB – Provincial and Territorial Energy Profiles – British Columbia" 2096: 1191:

Service industries, including healthcare, high-tech and retail sales.

399:, figure prominently as economic activities in less urbanized areas. 396: 227: 1251:

with an average export value per business of just over $ 3 million.

901:

Sailing Travel Times To and From Vancouver, British Columbia (B.C.)

833:

Hour Air Travel Time To And From Vancouver, British Columbia (B.C.)

364:, which encompasses approximately 20% of the population, including 3193:"B.C. Forest Sector Overview | Forestry Innovation Investment Ltd" 1304: 1237: 1157: 1112: 1095: 1087: 896: 828: 457: 370: 257: 2895: 2686:

Canada, Global Affairs Canada-Affaires mondiales (10 June 2019).

1855:

British Columbia Agriculture in the Classroom Foundation (2014).

1092:

British Columbia's (B.C.) International Export Markets, 2017-2018

2149:"Financial & Economic Review - Province of British Columbia" 1386:, Powertech Labs are in business. Fields of innovation include: 1061:) and the Canada-EU Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement ( 301:

There are eight economic regions within B.C. This includes: the

3415: 2173:

Ministry of Citizens Services, Government of British Columbia.

973:

with 165 campuses, satellites or learning centres, including 6

3058: 2301:

Government of Canada, National Energy Board (15 August 2019).

2250:

Government of Canada, National Energy Board (15 August 2019).

1943:. Government of British Columbia. 2023. Under s. "Key Facts". 17: 3089: 2016: 2014: 1911: 1628:"2021 Census of Population (Profile Table: British Columbia)" 414:

It was not until the first half of the 19th century that the

2634:

Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (4 September 2019).

2072:"Canadian National Railway (CN) | The Canadian Encyclopedia" 2380: 1648:

Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (8 November 2022).

1626:

Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (9 February 2022).

2688:"Stock of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Canada, 2018" 2584:"Provincial Credit Ratings - Province of British Columbia" 1831:"Agriculture & Seafood - Province of British Columbia" 952:

and overall Internet connectivity in Canada. An extensive

268:

Geography has played a significant role in the province's

2504:

Revenue Division Branch, Government of British Columbia.

1455:(IoT), telecommunications and electronics manufacturing. 1884:

Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (5 April 2013).

1864:

British Columbia Agriculture in the Classroom Foundation

1272:

Aircraft maintenance, modifications, repair and overhaul

446:

were built to support a growing electrical grid and the

383:

dominate its cities, resource-based sectors—principally

263:

British Columbia's Prime Location on Canada's West Coast

3053: 3051: 1470:

and has produced approximately 200 spin-off companies.

1417:

supply and caused numerous challenges for the industry.

1065:). In 2018, Canada, the US and Mexico negotiated a new 42: 2896:"15th Annual Demographic Housing Affordability Survey" 2175:"B.C.'s Key Indicators - Province of British Columbia" 1803:

Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (1 May 2019).

2478:

Government of British Columbia, Ministry of Finance.

1886:"Economic Regions - SGC 2006 - 59 - British Columbia" 1779:"Population Estimates - Province of British Columbia" 2532:"Personal Income Tax - Province of British Columbia" 2407:"Industry Training Authority (ITA) Corporate Report" 2355:"Find an Institution - Province of British Columbia" 1100:

British Columbia's Goods and Commodity Exports, 2018

1049:

Companies with operations in British Columbia enjoy

3515: 3454: 2277:"Comparison of Electricity Prices in North America" 1076:Domestically, British Columbia, is a member of the 337:in these regions, the province is home to over 200 189: 179: 171: 161: 149: 132: 122: 114: 109: 97: 86: 2381:"BC Education Organizations and Service Providers" 1968:"BC Labour Market Information (Regional Profiles)" 2713:"Asian state investment in Canada waning: report" 2379:B.C. Association of Institutes and Universities. 1281:Security, surveillance and information management 2867:"Economist Intelligence Unit Livability Ranking" 1347:growers here, a small number of about 48 in the 989:(MSP) and is managed by the Ministry of Health. 3095:British Columbia Strawberry Growers Association 2842:"Mercer Canada | 2019 Quality of Living Survey" 1435:Information and Communications Technology (ICT) 1340:British Columbia Strawberry Growers Association 2022:"British Columbia | The Canadian Encyclopedia" 1739: 1737: 1525:resources can be found – in areas such as the 3427: 1746:Labour Force Statistics Highlights, June 2023 1621: 1619: 1617: 8: 2558:"Sales Taxes - Province of British Columbia" 1513:Further information on tantalum at the: 1269:Aerospace education, training and simulation 1057:), the North American Free Trade Agreement ( 869:) and Prince George International Airports ( 206:All values, unless otherwise stated, are in 81:is a major economic hub of British Columbia. 66: 3121:Pacific Northwest Pest Management Handbooks 3084: 3082: 2433:"How Canada became an education superpower" 969:B.C.’s education system includes 25 public 3434: 3420: 3412: 1121:B.C. relies on foreign direct investment ( 72: 2123:"Industry - Province of British Columbia" 948:British Columbia has the highest rate of 479:British Columbia Key Economic Indicators 348:, 85% of the population is classified as 2765:"BC Labour Market Outlook: 2018 Edition" 2763:WorkBC, Government of British Columbia. 1912:"Interactive Map | BC Treaty Commission" 477: 356:. West of the Lower Mainland across the 2978:"About the Industry | Aerospace Canada" 2556:Revenue Division, Ministry of Finance. 2329:"Communications Monitoring Report 2018" 1857:"A Guide to BC's Agriculture Resources" 1599: 1567:Instrumentation and information systems 1278:Aircraft manufacturing and supply chain 1134:network of trade and investment offices 2530:Ministry of Finance, Income Taxation. 1937:"Provincial Profile: British Columbia" 1012:, managed at the federal level by the 65: 1994:"WorkBC - Labour Market and Industry" 1722:from the original on 20 February 2023 7: 2281:Business Council of British Columbia 1078:New West Partnership Trade Agreement 375:British Columbia's Economic Regions. 284:B.C. is geographically characterized 2815:Mckenzie, Kevin Hinton & Ryan. 937:(LNG) that can be shipped to Asia. 2636:"The International Trade Explorer" 1947:from the original on 17 April 2023 1685:(Report). Vol. 23. Victoria. 1331:British Columbia Blueberry Council 1275:Tooling, fabrication and processes 298:and in various sheltered valleys. 14: 1777:BC Ministry of CItizen Services. 1758:from the original on 22 July 2023 1692:from the original on 22 July 2023 1008:Legal tender used in B.C. is the 105:April 1 – March 31 3559: 3546: 3545: 3350:Government of British Columbia. 3242:Government of British Columbia. 2950:"BC Small Business Profile 2018" 2948:Government of British Columbia. 2789:Government of British Columbia. 2737:Government of British Columbia. 2480:"Province of BC Budgets Archive" 2431:Coughlan, Sean (2 August 2017). 2405:BC Industry Training Authority. 2353:Ministry of Advanced Education. 1992:Government of British Columbia. 1966:Government of British Columbia. 1910:Government of British Columbia. 1652:(Report). Government of Canada. 1555:Ship design, building and repair 676:Prices and Consumer Expenditures 333:region. In addition to the many 22: 2791:"BC Provincial Nominee Program" 2608:Ministry of Citizens Services. 2121:Ministry of Citizens Services. 1680:Consumer Price Index Highlights 1558:Acoustics systems and equipment 1184:Traditional industries such as 3387:Government of British Columbia 3033:Government of British Columbia 2957:BC Small Business Profile 2018 2076:www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca 2026:www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca 1464:University of British Columbia 1378:B.C. is home to more than 270 1: 1136:around the world and through 521:Gross Domestic Product - GDP 2903:Housing Affordability Survey 2660:Conference Board of Canada. 2101:Council of Forest Industries 2047:"British Columbia - History" 1608:Financial Administration Act 1242:B.C. Largest Companies, 2018 1027:B.C. has one of the highest 877:Railways, Highways and Roads 3588:Economy of British Columbia 2874:Economist Intelligence Unit 2224:Export Development Canada. 1313:the country's wine industry 1309:(including those bound for 999:British parliamentary model 993:Government and Institutions 971:post-secondary institutions 944:Communications and Networks 175:5.6% (163,900) (June 2023) 67:Economy of British Columbia 3604: 1611:, RSBC 1996, c. 138, s. 1 1512: 1447:, information technology, 1291: 1034:provincial government debt 776:Interprovincial Migration 368:, the provincial capital. 296:Pacific Northwestern coast 128:350,598 billion CAD (2021) 3541: 3482:Newfoundland and Labrador 1829:Ministry of Agriculture. 1678:BC Stats (18 July 2023). 1351:. BCSGA's offices are in 1334:represents growers here. 1109:Foreign Direct Investment 524:(Millions of CAD dollars) 203: 71: 37:toward certain viewpoints 3380:"Tourism Industry in BC" 3352:"Ocean Technology in BC" 2458:yourhealthsystem.cihi.ca 1712:"Table: Subnational HDI" 759:International Migration 733:Population and Migration 436:Canadian Pacific Railway 381:service-based industries 329:and Coast, and Thompson/ 2051:Encyclopedia Britannica 1658:10.25318/3610022201-eng 1449:artificial intelligence 1288:Agriculture and Seafood 982:B.C. Ministry of Health 841:, including: Victoria ( 815:Economic Infrastructure 471:Key Economic Indicators 226:) is the third largest 152:Human Development Index 3330:www.britishcolumbia.ca 3305:www.britishcolumbia.ca 3222:www.britishcolumbia.ca 3172:www.britishcolumbia.ca 3147:www.britishcolumbia.ca 3117:"Strawberry-Lygus bug" 3007:www.britishcolumbia.ca 2666:www.conferenceboard.ca 2484:www.bcbudget.gov.bc.ca 2204:Central 1 Credit Union 1744:BC Stats (June 2023). 1573:Platforms and vehicles 1468:Canada Research Chairs 1243: 1163: 1118: 1101: 1093: 1003:Constitution of Canada 902: 839:international airports 834: 463: 376: 265: 238:, located between the 3523:Northwest Territories 3447:province or territory 2717:Business in Vancouver 2582:Ministry of Finance. 2147:Ministry of Finance. 1537:Liquefied Natural Gas 1294:Agriculture in Canada 1292:Further information: 1241: 1227:housing affordability 1161: 1116: 1099: 1091: 987:Medical Services Plan 975:research universities 935:liquefied natural gas 900: 832: 688:Consumer Price Index 461: 374: 261: 3497:Prince Edward Island 3244:"Interactive Gaming" 3064:BC Blueberry Council 2640:www150.statcan.gc.ca 1809:www150.statcan.gc.ca 1177:, digital media and 1040:Trade and Investment 965:Health and Education 448:Trans-Canada Highway 416:Hudson's Bay Company 270:economic development 181:Average gross salary 3359:Trade and Invest BC 3251:Trade and Invest BC 2743:Trade and Invest BC 2200:"Economic Insights" 2097:"BC's Forest facts" 1890:www23.statcan.gc.ca 1361:Tarnished Plant Bug 1203:Economic Well-being 1138:digital engagement. 954:fiber-optic network 923:renewable resources 480: 68: 43:improve the article 3273:"BC Life Sciences" 3271:Life Sciences BC. 1564:Imaging technology 1478:Interactive Gaming 1453:Internet of Things 1384:Carbon Engineering 1244: 1164: 1119: 1102: 1094: 903: 835: 614:Unemployment Rate 478: 464: 408:Indigenous peoples 377: 266: 254:Economic Geography 193:Average net salary 3575: 3574: 3566:Canada portal 3443:Economy of Canada 3123:. 22 October 2015 3090:"BC Strawberries" 2307:www.cer-rec.gc.ca 2256:www.cer-rec.gc.ca 1716:globaldatalab.org 1445:quantum computing 1186:natural resources 907:Port of Vancouver 792: 791: 358:Strait of Georgia 344:According to the 216: 215: 64: 63: 3595: 3564: 3563: 3562: 3549: 3548: 3467:British Columbia 3436: 3429: 3422: 3413: 3406: 3405: 3403: 3401: 3395: 3389:. 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