1147:(SEZ) to encourage the revival of its industry. The first SEZ was planned to come into being in 2012 in N'Sele, a commune of Kinshasa, and will focus on agro-industries. The Congolese authorities also planned to open another zone dedicated to mining (Katanga) and a third dedicated to cement (in the Bas-Congo). There are three phases to the program that each have their own objectives. Phase I was the precursor to the actual investment in the Special Economic Zone where policymakers agreed to the framework, the framework was studied for its establishment, and to predict the potential market demand for the land. Stage one of Phase II involved submitting laws for the Special Economic Zone, finding good sites for businesses, and currently there is an effort to help the government attract foreign investment. Stage two of Phase II hasn't been started yet and it involves assisting the government in creating framework for the country, creating an overall plan for the site, figuring out what the environmental impact of the project will be, and guessing how much it will cost and what the return can be made on the investment. Phase III involves the World Bank creating a transaction phase that will keep everything competitive. The program is looking for options to hand over the program to the World Bank which could be very beneficial for the western part of the country.
2486:
child soldiers stood down their militarized posture. The travel time from
Lubumbashi to Kasomeno in Katanga went down from seven days to two hours because of the improved roads which led to the decrease of prices of main goods by 60%. With the help of the IFC, KfW, and the EU the DRC improved its businesses by reducing the time it took to create a business by 51%, reducing the time it took to get construction permits by 54%, and reducing the number of taxes from 118 to 30. Improvements in health have been noticeable specifically that deliveries attended by trained staff jumped from 47 to 80%. In education 14 million textbooks were provided to children, completion rates of school have increased, and higher education was made available to students that chose to pursue it.
1008:
2862:, the only widely implemented and accepted mineral traceability and due diligence system in the region for the 3T minerals – Tin, Tantalum and Tungsten, an internationally recognised certification for responsible mining and traceability under the 2010 Dodd-Frank Act. Today four central African countries including the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) provides legitimate and ethical 3T minerals. ITSCI is the only industry initiative with standards 100% aligned with the OECD Guidance. Much has been done in the last 15 years, providing artisanal and small-scale miners a support network through iTSCi, to build the foundations and regulate the industry.
2795:
1016:
2952:
2444:
country was under foreign control and very few people make money off the minerals in the country. The national resources are not the root cause for the continued fighting in the region, however, the competition has become an incentive to keep fighting. The DRC's level of economic freedom is one of the lowest in the world, putting it in the repressed category. The armed militias fight with the government in the eastern section of the country over the mining sector or the corruption of the government, and weak policies lead to the instability of the economy.
712:
634:
38:
648:
1052:
995:
The corporations instigate and allow the fighting for resources because they benefit from it. A large proportion of fatalities in the country are attributed to a lack of basic services. The influx of refugees since the war in 1998 only serves to worsen the issue of poverty. Money of the taxpayers in the DRC is often misappropriated by the corrupt leaders of the country, who use the money to benefit themselves instead of the citizens of the DRC. The
740:
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2013:
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1984:
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836:
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563:
428:
392:
253:
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180:
172:
154:
2204:
3610:
3460:
3008:
2498:. The loan may be necessary for the country because there will be elections in December 2016 for the next president and the cost of funding this would range around $ 1.1 billion. The biggest problem with the vote is getting a country of 68 million people the size of Western Europe to polling stations with less than 1,860 miles of paved roads.
1135:, expanded by 6.9% in 2020 (compared to 1% in 2019). Meanwhile, non-mining sectors contracted by 1.6% (vs. growth of 5.7% in 2019) due to pandemic-related mobility restrictions, weaker trading activities and constrained government spending. Private consumption and government investment fell in 2020 by an estimated 1.0 and 10.2%, respectively.
1111:
economic transactions, while it has resorted to printing money to finance its expenditure. Growth was negative in 2000 because of the difficulty of meeting the conditions of international donors, continued low prices of key exports, and post-coup instability. Although depreciated, congolese francs have been stable for few years (Ndonda, 2014)
2473:
transactions, while it has resorted to printing money to finance its expenditure. Growth was negative in 2000 because of the difficulty of meeting the conditions of international donors, continued low prices of key exports, and post-coup instability. 125 companies in 2003 contributed to the conflict in DRC showing the corruption.
2887:, a London-based company, owns the Luilu Metallurgical Plant, which has a capacity of 175,000 tonnes of copper and 8,000 tonnes of cobalt per year, making it the largest cobalt refinery in the world. After a major rehabilitation program, the company restarted copper production in December 2007 and cobalt production in May 2008.
1047:
still had economic power and independence gave little opportunity for improvement. Common refrains included "no elite, no trouble" and "before independence = after independence". When the
Belgians left, most of the government officials and educated residents left with them. Before independence, there
903:
Despite this the DRC is quickly modernizing; it tied with
Malaysia for the largest positive change in HDI development in 2016. Government projects include strengthening the health system for maternal and child health, expansion of electricity access, water supply reconstructions, and urban and social
2830:
was discovered in the east of the country, but, to date, mining has been done on a small scale. Manono in
Central DRC has a significant deposit of lithium and tin with tantalum and niobium and is being developed by an Australian company. Production is expected in 2023. According to a 2011 report the
2748:
Roundwood removals were estimated at 72,170,000 m in 2003, about 95 percent for fuel. Some 14 species are presently being harvested. Exports of forest products in 2003 totalled $ 25.7 million. Foreign capital is necessary in order for forestry to expand, and the government recognizes that changes in
1042:
capital also played an important role. The 1950s were a period of rising income and expectations. Congo was said to have the best public health system in Africa, but there was also a huge wealth disparity. Belgian companies favored workers in certain areas more and exported them to work in different
994:
The conflicts in the
Democratic Republic of Congo were over water, minerals, and other resources. Political agendas have worsened the economy, as in times of crisis, the elite benefit while the general populace suffers. This is worsened as a result of corrupt national and international corporations.
2485:
the DRC has worked toward the reestablishment of social services. This is done by giving 15 million people access to basic health services and giving bed nets to prevent malaria from spreading to people. With the
Emergency Demobilization and Reintegration Program more than 107,000 adults and 34,000
2472:
Faced with continued currency depreciation, the government resorted to more drastic measures and in
January 1999 banned the widespread use of U.S. dollars for all domestic commercial transactions, a position it later adjusted. The government has been unable to provide foreign exchange for economic
2448:
abuses also ruin economic activity; the DRC has a 7% unemployment rate, but still has one of the lowest GDP's per capita in the world. A major problem for people trying to start their own companies is that the minimum amount of capital needed to launch the company is five times the average annual
2443:
formed in the country where they used forced labor for children to mine or work as soldiers. National parks were overrun with people looking to exploit minerals and resources. Increased poverty and hunger from the war and that increased the hunting of rare wildlife. Education was denied when the
2434:
and increased external debt. As
Reyntjens wrote, "Entrepreneurs of insecurity are engaged in extractive activities that would be impossible in a stable state environment. The criminalization context in which these activities occur offers avenues for considerable factional and personal enrichment
1110:
Faced with continued currency depreciation, the government resorted to more drastic measures and in
January 1999 banned the widespread use of American dollars for all domestic commercial transactions, a position it later adjusted. The government has been unable to provide foreign exchange for
1081:
documented. He stated, it is "alarmingly clear that the corruptive system in Zaire with all its wicked and ugly manifestations, its mismanagement and fraud will destroy all endeavors of international institutions, of friendly governments, and of the commercial banks towards recovery and
3133:
1119:
Conditions improved in late 2002 with the withdrawal of a large portion of the invading foreign troops. A number of IMF and World Bank missions have met with the government to help it develop a coherent economic plan, and
President Kabila has begun implementing reforms.
1043:
areas, restricting opportunities for others. Favored groups also received better education and were able to secure jobs for people in the same ethnic group which increased tensions. In 1960 there were only 16 university graduates out of a population of 20 million.
2715:. Fish are the single most important source of animal protein in the DRC. Total production of marine, river, and lake fisheries in 2003 was estimated at 222,965 tons, all but 5,000 tons from inland waters. PEMARZA, a state agency, carries on marine fishing.
2449:
income, and prices are regulated by the government, which almost forces people to have to work for the larger, more corrupt businesses; otherwise, they won't have work. It is hard for the DRC to encourage foreign trade because of the regulatory barriers.
2857:
Today's larger mining companies are making changes and adhering to global demand for ESG (Environmental, Social and Governance) and IRMA (Initiative for Responsible Mining Assurance). One such globally recognised certification is the
2929:
present serious barriers to road and rail construction, and the distances are enormous across this vast country. Furthermore, chronic economic mismanagement and internal conflict has led to serious under-investment over many years.
880:. It boasted a thriving mining sector and its agriculture sector was relatively productive. Since then, decades of corruption, war, and political instability have been a severe detriment to further growth, today leaving DRC with a
1086:
continued to lend money that was either embezzled, stolen, or "wasted on elephant projects". "Structural adjustment programmes" implemented as a condition of IMF loans cut support for health care, education, and infrastructure.
4542:
1072:
arose as the country's sole ruler and stabilized the country politically. Economically, however, the situation continued to decline, and by 1979, the purchasing power was only 4% of that from 1960. Starting in 1976 the
2864:
At the end of 2019 ITSCI has seen to 2000 mines, employment of around 80,000 miners, and the supply of over 2000 tonnes of tin, tantalum and tungsten minerals per month; the initiative has come a long way in the last
4422:
4312:
2767:, which has been at the heart of many struggles within the country for many decades, but particularly in the 1990s. Although the economy of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the second largest country in
4212:
Exenberger, Andreas/Hartmann, Simon (2007): The Dark Side of Globalization. The Vicious Cycle of Exploitation from World Market Integration: Lesson from the Congo, Working Papers in Economics and Statistics
4566:
4276:
920:), which began in 1996, have dramatically reduced national output and government revenue, have increased external debt, and have resulted in deaths of more than five million people from war, and associated
4437:
4588:
4376:
2984:
4811:
4302:
2494:
The IMF plans on giving the DRC a $ 1 billion loan after its two-year suspension after it failed to give details about a mining deal from one of its state owned mines and an Israeli billionaire,
4646:
4576:
4457:
4432:
4712:
4626:
4503:
4447:
5270:
4670:
1024:
4785:
4641:
4532:
2989:
2764:
2758:
946:
4583:
4442:
4417:
2482:
873:
is $ 69.474 billion as of 2023. During the last five reported years the exports of Democratic Republic of the Congo have changed by $ 15.2B from $ 13.3B in 2017 to $ 28.5B in 2022.
4508:
4493:
4427:
4269:
3040:
2724:
4722:
4697:
4559:
4537:
4520:
4488:
4483:
4616:
4525:
2512:
2461:, an uncertain legal framework, corruption, and lack of openness in government economic policy and financial operations remain a brake on investment and growth. A number of
1099:, an uncertain legal framework, corruption, and lack of openness in government economic policy and financial operations remain a brake on investment and growth. A number of
5280:
4775:
4687:
4682:
4549:
4515:
4732:
4717:
4702:
4656:
4571:
4498:
4405:
2920:
2786:, MacGaffey described a second, often illegal economy, "system D", which is outside the official economy (MacGaffey 1991:27). and therefore is not reflected in the GDP.
985:
4770:
4727:
4471:
4452:
4262:
4251:"The lucrative mining industry is unscrupulous, environmentally disastrous, and a linchpin of Congo’s economy. How can it be reformed?" Review of 5 books on the topic.
2435:
through the trafficking of arms, illegal drugs, toxic products, mineral resources and dirty money." Ethnic rivalries were made worse because of economic interests and
4091:
2741:
was once the major center of timber exploitation, but forests in this area were nearly depleted. The more extensive forest regions of the central cuvette and of the
5166:
4804:
4747:
4651:
4294:
3950:
4755:
4707:
4631:
4207:
Oasis Kodila Tedika et Francklin Kyayima Muteba, The sources of growth in DRC before independence. A cointegration analysis, CRE Working paper, n°02/10, juin 2010
1077:
provided stabilizing loans to the dictatorship. Much of the money was embezzled by Mobutu and his circle. This was not a secret as the 1982 report by IMF's envoy
949:, which has been at the heart of many struggles within the country for many decades, but particularly in the 1990s. The economy of the second largest country in
4780:
4737:
4692:
4371:
3885:
2994:
272:
98:
4206:
4194:
4765:
407:
400:
102:
2733:
resources, and commercial development of the country's 61 million hectares (150 million acres) of exploitable wooded area is only beginning. The
1048:
were just 3 out of 5000 government jobs held by Congolese people. The resulting loss of institutional knowledge and human capital crippled the government.
2871:
in 2015, detailing iTSCi's progress over the previous five years, it discusses the successes, the challenges ahead and the work yet to be done. Entitled
1082:
rehabilitation of Zaire’s economy". Blumenthal indicated that there was "no chance" that creditors would ever recover their loans. Yet the IMF and the
4820:
4554:
4131:
2775:
data as the mining industry has suffered from long-term "uncertain legal framework, corruption, and a lack of transparency in government policy." The
889:
881:
277:
5081:
86:
3976:
5275:
4921:
4825:
4171:
3671:
3566:
2957:
1007:
4341:
4858:
3421:
3396:
106:
94:
3788:
4941:
3316:
3284:
19:
2794:
3069:
876:
At the time of its independence in 1960, the Democratic Republic of the Congo was the second most industrialized country in Africa after
3775:
3469:
4322:
201:
3822:
4393:
4092:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/304654988_Local_Livelihoods_Global_Interests_and_the_State_in_the_Congolese_Mining_Sector
4285:
2979:
996:
861:
46:
4307:
4238:
4104:
206:
3808:
1034:
Forced labor (slavery) was important for the rural sector. The corporations that dominated the economy were mostly owned by
2806:
The economy of the second largest country in Africa relies heavily on mining. The Congo is the world's largest producer of
1015:
5192:
4334:
3637:
3305:
2940:, and traditionally water transport has been the dominant means of moving around approximately two-thirds of the country.
2799:
2469:
missions have met with the new government to help it develop a coherent economic plan but associated reforms are on hold.
1107:
missions have met with the new government to help it develop a coherent economic plan but associated reforms are on hold.
295:
4956:
3619:
5239:
5235:
3479:
3141:
3048:
2818:. The Congo has more than 30% of the world's diamond reserves., mostly in the form of small, industrial diamonds. The
2462:
1100:
969:
3839:
3162:
2831:
total value of the major mineral reserves in the DRC amounted to a total of over 300 billion US dollars at the time.
2703:
The Democratic Republic of Congo also possesses 50 percent of Africa's forests and a river system that could provide
4851:
3498:
965:
3499:
Province orientale :le diamant et l'or quelle part dans la reconstruction socio - économique de la Province ?
5248:
4621:
897:
826:
134:
129:
4996:
4188:
3900:
3804:
3623:
3313:
3281:
2925:
Ground transport in the Democratic Republic of Congo has always been difficult. The terrain and climate of the
110:
90:
2517:
Agriculture is the mainstay of the economy, accounting for 57.9% of the GDP in 1997. Main cash crops include
5231:
5106:
5096:
4901:
885:
381:
184:
4163:
The Real Economy of Zaire: The Contribution of Smuggling and Other Unofficial Activities to National Wealth
4135:
4031:
The Real Economy of Zaire: The Contribution of Smuggling and Other Unofficial Activities to National Wealth
3012:
1011:
Change in per capita GDP of Congo, 1950–2018. Figures are inflation-adjusted to 2011 International dollars.
5111:
5001:
4931:
4058:
3712:
3518:"5.4 million people have died in Democratic Republic of Congo since 1998 because of conflict, report says"
939:
870:
162:
3417:
3392:
3366:
865:
has declined drastically around the 1980s, despite being home to vast potential in natural resources and
5171:
5091:
5056:
5041:
5026:
4981:
4916:
4844:
1144:
5222:
4218:
4178:
4177:(Report). Working Paper No. 6. Mumbai: Centre for African Studies, University of Mumbai. Archived from
3675:
3656:
3573:
3572:(Report). Working Paper No. 6. Mumbai: Centre for African Studies, University of Mumbai. Archived from
4044:
1078:
5046:
2826:, which is used in the fabrication of electronic components in computers and mobile phones. In 2002,
1155:
The following table shows the main economic indicators in 1980–2023. Inflation below 5% is in green.
847:
653:
326:
3926:"Democratic Republic of Congo Economy: Population, GDP, Inflation, Business, Trade, FDI, Corruption"
5146:
5121:
4971:
4966:
4946:
4911:
4896:
4015:
3770:
3497:
Centre National d'Appui au Développement et à la Participation Paysanne CENADEP (23 October 2009).
3337:
307:
37:
3739:
5218:
5209:
5200:
5131:
5101:
5086:
5071:
5061:
5051:
5016:
5011:
4961:
4906:
4881:
4109:
3814:
3474:
2550:
991:
established the Commission of Repression of Economic Crimes upon his ascension to power in 2001.
501:
3925:
3247:
3221:
3195:
3098:
2873:
5141:
5136:
5076:
5031:
4991:
4886:
4867:
4760:
3818:
3784:
3631:
3547:
2835:
2711:
report on the country's strategic significance and its potential role as an economic power in
2558:
1128:
505:
341:
301:
3483:
5196:
5116:
5066:
5021:
5006:
4986:
4976:
4951:
4891:
4366:
4351:
4317:
4254:
3537:
3529:
945:
Rich in minerals, the Democratic Republic of the Congo has a difficult history of predatory
917:
363:
2903:
5126:
5036:
4926:
4636:
4361:
4211:
4199:
2863:
2859:
2776:
1051:
954:
913:
57:
3222:"Poverty headcount ratio at $ 1.90 a day (2011 PPP) (% of population) - Congo, Dem. Rep"
3542:
3517:
3196:"Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population) - Congo, Dem. Rep"
2971:
2895:
Much economic activity occurs in the informal sector and is not reflected in GDP data.
2884:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2688:
2665:
2580:
2458:
1096:
1039:
893:
525:
3367:"Employment to population ratio, 15+, total (%) (national estimate) - Congo, Dem. Rep"
5264:
4388:
4383:
4329:
3780:
3614:
3464:
988:
786:
82:
3861:
4346:
2933:
On the other hand, the Democratic Republic of Congo has thousands of kilometres of
2874:
Unconflicted: Making Conflict-Free Mining a Reality in the DRC, Rwanda and Burundi.
2742:
2734:
2608:
2445:
1065:
925:
877:
745:
2749:
tax structure and export procedures will be needed to facilitate economic growth.
4079:
3533:
2926:
2843:
2495:
931:
114:
66:
3163:"Global Economic Prospects, January 2020 : Slow Growth, Policy Challenges"
4222:
3951:"News & Broadcast - Democratic Republic of Congo: Country Results Profile"
3173:
3077:
2947:
2908:
2684:
2633:
2542:
2466:
1127:
level of 4.4% in 2019, to an estimated 0.8% in 2020. Growth was driven by the
1104:
1083:
973:
2771:
who has historically relied heavily on mining, is no longer reflected in the
2934:
2738:
2658:
968:
ranked the Democratic Republic of the Congo 156 out of 163 countries in the
686:
682:
608:
521:
322:
3551:
3273:
2679:
In addition to smaller productions of other agricultural products, such as
4001:
3017:
2965:
3740:"Joe Trapido: Africa's Leaky Giant. New Left Review 92, March–April 2015"
2937:
2847:
2823:
2594:
2576:(3rd largest producer in the world, second only to Nigeria and Thailand);
2522:
2440:
1124:
604:
529:
517:
497:
42:
3502:
2868:
953:
relies heavily on mining. However, much economic activity occurs in the
4132:"Katanga Project Update and 2Q 2008 Financials, Katanga Mining Limited"
2815:
2573:
2546:
2436:
2431:
1044:
1035:
935:
866:
580:
513:
509:
481:
4016:"Democratic Republic of the Congo economic and strategic significance"
888:
rating that rank among the world's lowest and make the DRC one of the
2839:
2819:
2811:
2807:
2768:
2730:
2680:
2672:
2644:
2622:
2615:
2530:
2526:
2518:
1069:
950:
921:
759:
731:
616:
592:
588:
584:
541:
537:
485:
473:
469:
465:
4836:
999:
is consistently rated the lowest on the UN Human Development Index.
4189:
Democratic Republic of the Congo latest trade data on ITC Trade Map
3840:"IMF and World Bank: Agents of Poverty or Partners of Development?"
4356:
4172:
Governance Crisis and Conflict in the Democratic Republic of Congo
3567:
Governance Crisis and Conflict in the Democratic Republic of Congo
2912:
2651:
2637:
2629:
2587:
2554:
2534:
1132:
1006:
981:
773:
717:
639:
533:
3613:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
3463:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
3651:
3649:
3647:
2729:
Forests cover 60 percent of the total land area. There are vast
2601:
2562:
977:
694:
690:
612:
596:
576:
545:
489:
477:
4840:
4258:
3977:"IMF Ready to Lend $ 1 Billion to Democratic Republic of Congo"
2985:
List of companies based in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
2854:, respectively), has helped fuel the war in the Eastern Congo.
2763:
Rich in minerals, the DRC has a difficult history of predatory
3345:
3023:
2851:
2827:
2772:
2692:
2538:
1074:
958:
942:
in 1997. In 1996, agriculture employed 66% of the work force.
928:
affects approximately two-thirds of the country's population.
600:
493:
4002:"Democratic Republic of the Congo production in 2018, by FAO"
3887:
Le "paradis" où le droit fera la loi, L'Echo, novembre 2010
3626:. January 2000. Archived from the original on 6 June 2002.
3418:"Import Partners of the Democratic Republic of the Congo"
3393:"Export Partners of the Democratic Republic of the Congo"
1025:
Economic history of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
2990:
Mining industry of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
2759:
Mining industry of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
2565:. In 1996, agriculture employed 66% of the work force.
3975:
Beith, Malcolm; Richardson, Paul (18 February 2015).
2725:
Deforestation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
3306:"Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI)"
3248:"GINI index (World Bank estimate) - Congo, Dem. Rep"
2568:
The Democratic Republic of Congo produced, in 2018:
5180:
5155:
4874:
4746:
4669:
4603:
4470:
4404:
4293:
2513:
Agriculture in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
824:
816:
808:
803:
783:
700:
676:
663:
622:
570:
557:
552:
459:
451:
441:
417:
379:
361:
337:
320:
286:
263:
234:
215:
194:
161:
148:
143:
120:
76:
64:
53:
3713:"The Democratic Republic of Congo – Global Issues"
2430:Ongoing conflicts dramatically reduced government
2921:Transport in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
5271:Economy of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
3620:"Background Note: Democratic Republic of Congo"
2790:Exploitation of mineral substances by companies
1123:DRC's economic growth decelerated from its pre-
2707:power to the entire continent, according to a
4852:
4270:
3134:"World Economic Outlook Database, April 2023"
3041:"World Economic Outlook Database, April 2019"
2995:United Nations Economic Commission for Africa
1143:The DRC is embarking on the establishment of
8:
4195:"First Blood Diamonds, Now Blood Computers?"
3901:"Report for Selected Countries and Subjects"
3674:. Transparency International. Archived from
846:All values, unless otherwise stated, are in
27:
4105:"Congo's Riches, Looted by Renegade Troops"
4059:"Cobalt: World Mine Production, By Country"
4859:
4845:
4837:
4675:
4609:
4476:
4410:
4277:
4263:
4255:
3128:
3126:
3124:
3122:
3120:
36:
5281:World Trade Organization member economies
4045:"Batteries and secure energy transitions"
3541:
2439:and coltan smuggling took place. Illegal
2415:
2407:
2362:
2354:
2309:
2301:
2256:
2248:
2150:
2142:
2097:
2089:
2044:
1991:
1938:
1885:
1832:
1779:
1771:
1726:
1718:
1673:
1665:
1620:
1612:
1567:
1559:
1514:
1506:
1461:
1453:
1405:
1357:
1309:
1261:
1213:
3810:The Crisis in Zaire: Myths and Realities
2902:
2793:
1157:
1050:
1014:
4219:Doing Business in Congo, Dem. Rep. 2013
3070:"World Bank Country and Lending Groups"
3032:
2958:Democratic Republic of the Congo portal
839:$ 1.633 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
799:$ 6.089 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
3765:
3763:
3761:
3629:
3422:The Observatory of Economic Complexity
3397:The Observatory of Economic Complexity
3338:"Labor force, total - Congo, Dem. Rep"
3314:HDRO (Human Development Report Office)
3282:HDRO (Human Development Report Office)
2745:valley have increasingly been tapped.
26:
3604:
3602:
3600:
3598:
3596:
3594:
3592:
3590:
3588:
3586:
3454:
3452:
3450:
3448:
3446:
3444:
3442:
3440:
3438:
3099:"Population, total - Congo, Dem. Rep"
2483:International Development Association
175:$ 69.474 billion (nominal, 2023 est.)
45:, capital and economic center of the
7:
4165:. London: James Currey. p. 175.
4103:Polgreen, Lydia (16 November 2008).
4033:. London: James Currey. p. 175.
3317:United Nations Development Programme
3285:United Nations Development Programme
2426:Economic implications of instability
1131:which, helped by robust demand from
354:76.6% on less than $ 1.90/day (2012)
20:Economy of the Republic of the Congo
3776:Congo: The Epic History of a People
3672:"Corruption Perceptions Index 2006"
3470:"Congo, Democratic Republic of the"
227:6.6% (2022e) 6.3% (2023f)
4237:Nicolas Niarchos (December 2023).
908:Economic implications of conflicts
14:
4377:Transitional Government (2003–06)
2798:Geographical distribution of the
224:1.7% (2020) 6.2% (2021)
5167:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
4937:Democratic Republic of the Congo
4286:Democratic Republic of the Congo
4193:Dias, Elizabeth (24 July 2009).
4170:Seema Shekhawat (January 2009).
4134:. 12 August 2008. Archived from
4080:DR Congo poll crucial for Africa
3608:
3565:Seema Shekhawat (January 2009).
3458:
3011: This article incorporates
3006:
2980:Democratic Republic of the Congo
2964:
2950:
2583:(largest producer in the world);
2414:
2406:
2399:
2398:
2391:
2390:
2383:
2382:
2375:
2374:
2361:
2353:
2346:
2345:
2338:
2337:
2330:
2329:
2322:
2321:
2308:
2300:
2293:
2292:
2285:
2284:
2277:
2276:
2269:
2268:
2255:
2247:
2240:
2239:
2232:
2231:
2224:
2223:
2216:
2215:
2202:
2195:
2194:
2187:
2186:
2179:
2178:
2171:
2170:
2163:
2162:
2149:
2141:
2134:
2133:
2126:
2125:
2118:
2117:
2110:
2109:
2096:
2088:
2081:
2080:
2073:
2072:
2065:
2064:
2057:
2056:
2043:
2036:
2035:
2028:
2027:
2020:
2019:
2012:
2011:
2004:
2003:
1990:
1983:
1982:
1975:
1974:
1967:
1966:
1959:
1958:
1951:
1950:
1937:
1930:
1929:
1922:
1921:
1914:
1913:
1906:
1905:
1898:
1897:
1884:
1877:
1876:
1869:
1868:
1861:
1860:
1853:
1852:
1845:
1844:
1831:
1824:
1823:
1816:
1815:
1808:
1807:
1800:
1799:
1792:
1791:
1778:
1770:
1763:
1762:
1755:
1754:
1747:
1746:
1739:
1738:
1725:
1717:
1710:
1709:
1702:
1701:
1694:
1693:
1686:
1685:
1672:
1664:
1657:
1656:
1649:
1648:
1641:
1640:
1633:
1632:
1619:
1611:
1604:
1603:
1596:
1595:
1588:
1587:
1580:
1579:
1566:
1558:
1551:
1550:
1543:
1542:
1535:
1534:
1527:
1526:
1513:
1505:
1498:
1497:
1490:
1489:
1482:
1481:
1474:
1473:
1460:
1452:
1445:
1444:
1437:
1436:
1429:
1428:
1421:
1420:
1404:
1397:
1396:
1389:
1388:
1381:
1380:
1373:
1372:
1356:
1349:
1348:
1341:
1340:
1333:
1332:
1325:
1324:
1308:
1301:
1300:
1293:
1292:
1285:
1284:
1277:
1276:
1260:
1253:
1252:
1245:
1244:
1237:
1236:
1229:
1228:
1212:
1205:
1204:
862:Democratic Republic of the Congo
835:
834:
795:
794:
766:
752:
738:
724:
710:
668:
667:
646:
632:
562:
561:
427:
426:
391:
390:
252:
251:
244:
243:
179:
178:
171:
170:
153:
152:
47:Democratic Republic of the Congo
3657:"Dublin - Research and Markets"
3274:"Human Development Index (HDI)"
5276:African Union member economies
4313:Colonial governors (1885–1960)
2203:
912:The two recent conflicts (the
1:
4082:" BBC News. 16 November 2006.
3838:Aikins Adusei (30 May 2009).
3699:The Corruption Notebooks 2006
2810:ore, and a major producer of
4394:M23 offensive (2022–present)
4367:Second Congo War (1998–2003)
4342:Congo-Léopoldville (1960–65)
4318:Congo Free State (1885–1908)
2915:on a newly refurbished line.
434:63.1% employment rate (2012)
30:Democratic Republic of Congo
4509:Foreign policy under Mobutu
3738:Trapido, Joe (April 2015).
3670:J. Graf Lambsdorff (2006).
3534:10.1136/bmj.39475.524282.DB
3522:BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.)
3480:Central Intelligence Agency
3170:openknowledge.worldbank.org
3142:International Monetary Fund
3049:International Monetary Fund
2800:global battery supply chain
2490:International Monetary Fund
2463:International Monetary Fund
1101:International Monetary Fund
1019:Evolution of the DRC's GDP.
970:Corruption Perception Index
820:$ 5.198 billion (2018 est.)
812:$ 4.943 billion (2018 est.)
672:$ 8.187 billion (2012 est.)
566:$ 8.872 billion (2012 est.)
5297:
4352:State of Katanga (1960–63)
3074:datahelpdesk.worldbank.org
2918:
2907:All aboard - a train from
2867:A report had been done by
2756:
2722:
2510:
1176:(in billion US$ nominal)
1055:Congolese exports in 2006.
1022:
966:Transparency International
938:, accounting for 57.9% of
443:Labour force by occupation
248:$ 695 (nominal, 2023 est.)
17:
4798:
4678:
4612:
4479:
4413:
4362:First Congo War (1996–98)
4239:"In Congo's Cobalt Mines"
3636:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
3516:Moszynski, Peter (2008).
2784:The Real Economy of Zaire
904:rehabilitation programs.
898:least developed countries
843:
35:
4922:Central African Republic
4484:Administrative divisions
4243:New York Review of Books
4161:Janet MacGaffey (1991).
4029:Janet MacGaffey (1991).
3805:Georges Nzongola-Ntalaja
3697:Werve, Jonathan (2006).
3624:U.S. Department of State
3501:(Report). Archived from
957:and is not reflected in
256:$ 1,474 (PPP, 2023 est.)
18:Not to be confused with
4389:M23 rebellion (2012–13)
4330:Belgian Congo (1908–60)
3783:, 2012. p. 374ff.
2691:(14 thousand tons) and
2453:International relations
1182:Inflation (in Percent)
934:is the mainstay of the
382:Human Development Index
4347:Congo Crisis (1960–65)
4308:Colonization (1867–85)
3373:. World Bank & ILO
3013:public domain material
2916:
2885:Katanga Mining Limited
2803:
1166:(in billion US$ PPP)
1145:special economic zones
1139:Special economic zones
1056:
1020:
1012:
892:and, according to the
871:gross domestic product
5082:São Tomé and Príncipe
4942:Republic of the Congo
3817:, 1986. p. 226.
2906:
2822:is a major source of
2797:
2782:In her book entitled
2695:(3.6 thousand tons).
2687:(3.6 thousand tons),
2671:101 thousand tons of
2664:168 thousand tons of
2657:186 thousand tons of
2650:205 thousand tons of
2643:213 thousand tons of
2628:213 thousand tons of
2621:307 thousand tons of
2614:309 thousand tons of
2607:384 thousand tons of
2600:990 thousand tons of
2572:29.9 million tons of
2545:. Food crops include
2481:With the help of the
1054:
1018:
1010:
273:184th (nominal, 2023)
3717:www.globalissues.org
3505:on 25 November 2009.
2683:(29 thousand tons),
2593:1.1 million tons of
2579:4.7 million tons of
702:Main import partners
654:United Arab Emirates
624:Main export partners
202:86th (nominal, 2023)
5157:States with limited
4047:. Paris: IEA. 2024.
3771:David van Reybrouck
3486:on 18 October 2000.
3344:. World Bank &
1187:(in % of GDP)
984:with a 2.0 rating.
265:GDP per capita rank
183:$ 147.348 billion (
78:Trade organisations
32:
4868:Economy of Africa
4647:Telecommunications
4494:Court of Cassation
4458:Former place names
4110:The New York Times
3815:Africa World Press
3475:The World Factbook
3371:data.worldbank.org
3342:data.worldbank.org
3252:data.worldbank.org
3226:data.worldbank.org
3200:data.worldbank.org
3103:data.worldbank.org
3019:The World Factbook
2917:
2804:
2765:mineral extraction
2586:2 million tons of
1179:GDP growth (real)
1129:extractives sector
1057:
1021:
1013:
947:mineral extraction
502:mineral processing
135:Low-income economy
5258:
5257:
5184:other territories
4957:Equatorial Guinea
4834:
4833:
4794:
4793:
4713:Human trafficking
4665:
4664:
4599:
4598:
4567:Political parties
4560:National Assembly
4504:Foreign relations
4466:
4465:
3955:web.worldbank.org
3790:978-0-06-220011-2
3773:(25 March 2014).
2880:Copper and cobalt
2836:conflict minerals
2834:Smuggling of the
2423:
2422:
918:Second Congo Wars
856:
855:
506:consumer products
431:29,699,289 (2019)
339:Population below
278:192rd (PPP, 2023)
157:95,894,118 (2021)
5288:
5245:
5244:(United Kingdom)
5240:Tristan da Cunha
5236:Ascension Island
5228:
5215:
5206:
5182:Dependencies and
4875:Sovereign states
4861:
4854:
4847:
4838:
4814:
4807:
4676:
4637:Franc (currency)
4610:
4477:
4411:
4279:
4272:
4265:
4256:
4250:
4233:
4231:
4229:
4185:
4183:
4176:
4166:
4148:
4147:
4145:
4143:
4128:
4122:
4121:
4119:
4117:
4100:
4094:
4089:
4083:
4076:
4070:
4069:
4067:
4065:
4055:
4049:
4048:
4041:
4035:
4034:
4026:
4020:
4019:
4012:
4006:
4005:
3998:
3992:
3991:
3989:
3987:
3972:
3966:
3965:
3963:
3961:
3947:
3941:
3940:
3938:
3936:
3930:www.heritage.org
3922:
3916:
3915:
3913:
3911:
3897:
3891:
3890:
3883:
3877:
3876:
3874:
3872:
3858:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3847:
3835:
3829:
3828:
3801:
3795:
3794:
3767:
3756:
3755:
3753:
3751:
3735:
3729:
3728:
3726:
3724:
3719:. 21 August 2010
3709:
3703:
3702:
3694:
3688:
3687:
3685:
3683:
3678:on 16 April 2011
3667:
3661:
3660:
3653:
3642:
3641:
3635:
3627:
3612:
3611:
3606:
3581:
3580:
3578:
3571:
3562:
3556:
3555:
3545:
3513:
3507:
3506:
3494:
3488:
3487:
3482:. Archived from
3462:
3461:
3456:
3433:
3432:
3430:
3428:
3414:
3408:
3407:
3405:
3403:
3389:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3378:
3363:
3357:
3356:
3354:
3352:
3334:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3323:
3302:
3296:
3295:
3293:
3291:
3270:
3264:
3263:
3261:
3259:
3244:
3238:
3237:
3235:
3233:
3218:
3212:
3211:
3209:
3207:
3192:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3181:
3167:
3159:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3148:
3130:
3115:
3114:
3112:
3110:
3095:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3084:
3066:
3060:
3059:
3057:
3055:
3037:
3027:
3010:
3009:
2974:
2969:
2968:
2960:
2955:
2954:
2953:
2418:
2417:
2410:
2409:
2402:
2401:
2394:
2393:
2386:
2385:
2378:
2377:
2365:
2364:
2357:
2356:
2349:
2348:
2341:
2340:
2333:
2332:
2325:
2324:
2312:
2311:
2304:
2303:
2296:
2295:
2288:
2287:
2280:
2279:
2272:
2271:
2259:
2258:
2251:
2250:
2243:
2242:
2235:
2234:
2227:
2226:
2219:
2218:
2206:
2205:
2198:
2197:
2190:
2189:
2182:
2181:
2174:
2173:
2166:
2165:
2153:
2152:
2145:
2144:
2137:
2136:
2129:
2128:
2121:
2120:
2113:
2112:
2100:
2099:
2092:
2091:
2084:
2083:
2076:
2075:
2068:
2067:
2060:
2059:
2047:
2046:
2039:
2038:
2031:
2030:
2023:
2022:
2015:
2014:
2007:
2006:
1994:
1993:
1986:
1985:
1978:
1977:
1970:
1969:
1962:
1961:
1954:
1953:
1941:
1940:
1933:
1932:
1925:
1924:
1917:
1916:
1909:
1908:
1901:
1900:
1888:
1887:
1880:
1879:
1872:
1871:
1864:
1863:
1856:
1855:
1848:
1847:
1835:
1834:
1827:
1826:
1819:
1818:
1811:
1810:
1803:
1802:
1795:
1794:
1782:
1781:
1774:
1773:
1766:
1765:
1758:
1757:
1750:
1749:
1742:
1741:
1729:
1728:
1721:
1720:
1713:
1712:
1705:
1704:
1697:
1696:
1689:
1688:
1676:
1675:
1668:
1667:
1660:
1659:
1652:
1651:
1644:
1643:
1636:
1635:
1623:
1622:
1615:
1614:
1607:
1606:
1599:
1598:
1591:
1590:
1583:
1582:
1570:
1569:
1562:
1561:
1554:
1553:
1546:
1545:
1538:
1537:
1530:
1529:
1517:
1516:
1509:
1508:
1501:
1500:
1493:
1492:
1485:
1484:
1477:
1476:
1464:
1463:
1456:
1455:
1448:
1447:
1440:
1439:
1432:
1431:
1424:
1423:
1408:
1407:
1400:
1399:
1392:
1391:
1384:
1383:
1376:
1375:
1360:
1359:
1352:
1351:
1344:
1343:
1336:
1335:
1328:
1327:
1312:
1311:
1304:
1303:
1296:
1295:
1288:
1287:
1280:
1279:
1264:
1263:
1256:
1255:
1248:
1247:
1240:
1239:
1232:
1231:
1216:
1215:
1208:
1207:
1185:Government debt
1158:
1079:Erwin Blumenthal
1003:Economic history
838:
837:
829:
828:Foreign reserves
798:
797:
789:
772:
770:
769:
758:
756:
755:
744:
742:
741:
730:
728:
727:
716:
714:
713:
671:
670:
652:
650:
649:
638:
636:
635:
565:
564:
430:
429:
398:
394:
393:
374:
366:
365:Gini coefficient
344:
333:5.0% (2020 est.)
255:
254:
247:
246:
207:86th (PPP, 2023)
182:
181:
174:
173:
156:
155:
40:
33:
31:
5296:
5295:
5291:
5290:
5289:
5287:
5286:
5285:
5261:
5260:
5259:
5254:
5253:
5243:
5226:
5213:
5204:
5185:
5183:
5176:
5160:
5158:
5151:
4870:
4865:
4835:
4830:
4817:
4810:
4803:
4790:
4786:Public holidays
4742:
4661:
4595:
4533:Law enforcement
4462:
4400:
4357:Zaire (1965–97)
4289:
4283:
4236:
4227:
4225:
4217:
4184:on 6 July 2014.
4181:
4174:
4169:
4160:
4157:
4152:
4151:
4141:
4139:
4138:on 13 July 2011
4130:
4129:
4125:
4115:
4113:
4102:
4101:
4097:
4090:
4086:
4077:
4073:
4063:
4061:
4057:
4056:
4052:
4043:
4042:
4038:
4028:
4027:
4023:
4014:
4013:
4009:
4000:
3999:
3995:
3985:
3983:
3974:
3973:
3969:
3959:
3957:
3949:
3948:
3944:
3934:
3932:
3924:
3923:
3919:
3909:
3907:
3899:
3898:
3894:
3888:
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3744:New Left Review
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2515:
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1186:
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1153:
1141:
1117:
1093:
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955:informal sector
910:
860:economy of the
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4733:Social issues
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4384:Kivu conflict
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4303:Early history
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3176:. p. 147
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2898:
2896:
2890:
2888:
2886:
2879:
2877:
2876:
2875:
2870:
2866:
2861:
2855:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2832:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2801:
2796:
2789:
2787:
2785:
2780:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2760:
2752:
2750:
2746:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2726:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2674:
2670:
2667:
2663:
2660:
2656:
2653:
2649:
2646:
2642:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2624:
2620:
2617:
2613:
2610:
2606:
2603:
2599:
2596:
2592:
2589:
2585:
2582:
2578:
2575:
2571:
2570:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2514:
2506:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2476:
2474:
2470:
2468:
2464:
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2452:
2450:
2447:
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2433:
2425:
2413:
2405:
2397:
2389:
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2373:
2370:
2369:
2360:
2352:
2344:
2336:
2328:
2320:
2317:
2316:
2307:
2299:
2291:
2283:
2275:
2267:
2264:
2263:
2254:
2246:
2238:
2230:
2222:
2214:
2211:
2210:
2201:
2193:
2185:
2177:
2169:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2148:
2140:
2132:
2124:
2116:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2095:
2087:
2079:
2071:
2063:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2042:
2034:
2026:
2018:
2010:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1989:
1981:
1973:
1965:
1957:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1936:
1928:
1920:
1912:
1904:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1883:
1875:
1867:
1859:
1851:
1843:
1840:
1839:
1830:
1822:
1814:
1806:
1798:
1790:
1787:
1786:
1777:
1769:
1761:
1753:
1745:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1724:
1716:
1708:
1700:
1692:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1671:
1663:
1655:
1647:
1639:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1618:
1610:
1602:
1594:
1586:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1565:
1557:
1549:
1541:
1533:
1525:
1522:
1521:
1512:
1504:
1496:
1488:
1480:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1459:
1451:
1443:
1435:
1427:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1411:
1403:
1395:
1387:
1379:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1363:
1355:
1347:
1339:
1331:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1315:
1307:
1299:
1291:
1283:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1259:
1251:
1243:
1235:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1219:
1211:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1156:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1121:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1080:
1076:
1071:
1067:
1059:
1053:
1049:
1046:
1041:
1037:
1030:After Leopold
1029:
1026:
1017:
1009:
1002:
1000:
998:
992:
990:
989:Joseph Kabila
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
962:
960:
956:
952:
948:
943:
941:
937:
933:
929:
927:
924:and disease.
923:
919:
915:
907:
905:
901:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
874:
872:
868:
864:
863:
851:
849:
842:
833:
830:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
802:
793:
790:
788:external debt
782:
775:
764:
761:
750:
747:
736:
733:
722:
719:
708:
707:
705:
699:
696:
692:
688:
684:
681:
675:
666:
662:
655:
644:
641:
630:
629:
627:
621:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
575:
569:
560:
556:
551:
547:
544:, commercial
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
464:
458:
454:
450:
446:
440:
433:
425:
424:
422:
416:
409:
405:
402:
389:
388:
386:
383:
378:
370:
367:
360:
353:
350:
349:
347:
343:
336:
332:
328:
324:
319:
312:
309:
306:
303:
300:
297:
294:
293:
291:
288:GDP by sector
285:
279:
276:
274:
271:
270:
268:
262:
250:
242:
241:
239:
233:
226:
223:
222:
220:
214:
208:
205:
203:
200:
199:
197:
193:
186:
177:
169:
168:
166:
164:
160:
151:
147:
142:
136:
133:
131:
128:
127:
125:
122:Country group
119:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
81:
75:
72:Calendar year
71:
68:
63:
59:
56:
52:
48:
44:
39:
34:
25:
21:
16:
5232:Saint Helena
5203:
5107:South Africa
5097:Sierra Leone
4936:
4902:Burkina Faso
4723:Prostitution
4698:Demographics
4622:Central Bank
4604:
4521:Human rights
4489:Constitution
4423:Conservation
4335:World War II
4246:
4242:
4226:. Retrieved
4198:
4179:the original
4162:
4140:. Retrieved
4136:the original
4126:
4114:. Retrieved
4108:
4098:
4087:
4074:
4062:. Retrieved
4053:
4039:
4030:
4024:
4010:
3996:
3984:. Retrieved
3980:
3970:
3958:. Retrieved
3954:
3945:
3933:. Retrieved
3929:
3920:
3908:. Retrieved
3904:
3895:
3881:
3869:. Retrieved
3865:
3856:
3844:. Retrieved
3833:
3809:
3799:
3774:
3748:. Retrieved
3743:
3733:
3721:. Retrieved
3716:
3707:
3698:
3692:
3680:. Retrieved
3676:the original
3665:
3574:the original
3560:
3525:
3521:
3511:
3503:the original
3492:
3484:the original
3473:
3425:. Retrieved
3412:
3400:. Retrieved
3387:
3375:. Retrieved
3370:
3361:
3349:. Retrieved
3341:
3332:
3320:. Retrieved
3310:hdr.undp.org
3309:
3300:
3288:. Retrieved
3278:hdr.undp.org
3277:
3268:
3256:. Retrieved
3254:. World Bank
3251:
3242:
3230:. Retrieved
3228:. World Bank
3225:
3216:
3204:. Retrieved
3202:. World Bank
3199:
3190:
3178:. Retrieved
3169:
3157:
3145:. Retrieved
3137:
3107:. Retrieved
3105:. World Bank
3102:
3093:
3083:29 September
3081:. Retrieved
3073:
3064:
3054:29 September
3052:. Retrieved
3044:
3035:
3018:
2932:
2924:
2911:arriving in
2894:
2883:
2872:
2856:
2833:
2805:
2783:
2781:
2762:
2747:
2743:Ubangi River
2735:Mayumbe area
2728:
2702:
2678:
2609:sweet potato
2567:
2516:
2493:
2480:
2471:
2456:
2446:Human rights
2429:
1154:
1142:
1122:
1118:
1109:
1094:
1066:Congo Crisis
1063:
1033:
993:
963:
944:
930:
926:Malnutrition
911:
902:
890:most fragile
878:South Africa
875:
859:
857:
845:
776:6.14% (2021)
746:South Africa
678:Import goods
656:6.73% (2021)
572:Export goods
452:Unemployment
419:Labour force
351:63.9% (2012)
342:poverty line
187:, 2023 est.)
24:
15:
5159:recognition
5112:South Sudan
5002:Ivory Coast
4617:Agriculture
3986:13 December
3960:13 December
3935:24 February
3910:26 February
3889:(in French)
3750:13 December
3723:13 December
3322:11 December
3290:11 December
2927:Congo Basin
2844:cassiterite
2632:(including
2507:Agriculture
2496:Dan Gertler
932:Agriculture
689:equipment,
508:(including
455:4.5% (2022)
313:(2012 est.)
115:Group of 77
67:Fiscal year
28:Economy of
5265:Categories
5214:(Portugal)
5172:Somaliland
5092:Seychelles
5057:Mozambique
5042:Mauritania
5027:Madagascar
4982:The Gambia
4917:Cape Verde
4688:Corruption
4550:Parliament
4516:Government
4433:Ecoregions
4323:Atrocities
4223:World Bank
4221:(Report).
3871:10 October
3866:World Bank
3862:"Overview"
3746:(92): 5–40
3682:21 January
3180:23 January
3174:World Bank
3147:6 December
3078:World Bank
3001:References
2909:Lubumbashi
2723:See also:
2634:mangosteen
2559:groundnuts
2477:World Bank
2467:World Bank
2465:(IMF) and
2441:monopolies
1105:World Bank
1103:(IMF) and
1084:World Bank
1064:After the
974:Bangladesh
848:US dollars
615:products,
536:products,
522:cigarettes
217:GDP growth
149:Population
144:Statistics
89:(signed),
5047:Mauritius
4718:Languages
4703:Education
4657:Transport
4627:Companies
4572:President
4499:Elections
4448:Volcanoes
4438:Mountains
4406:Geography
3981:Bloomberg
2938:waterways
2935:navigable
2899:Transport
2846:(ores of
2739:Bas-Congo
2659:pineapple
2551:plantains
986:President
683:machinery
609:crude oil
530:beverages
323:Inflation
5238: /
5234: /
5227:(France)
5221: /
5199: /
5195: /
5147:Zimbabwe
5122:Tanzania
4972:Ethiopia
4967:Eswatini
4947:Djibouti
4912:Cameroon
4897:Botswana
4821:Category
4771:Football
4728:Religion
4538:Military
4472:Politics
4453:Wildlife
4228:25 March
4142:3 August
4116:27 March
3846:30 March
3807:(1986).
3632:cite web
3552:18244974
3427:21 April
3402:21 April
2944:See also
2860:3T iTSCi
2848:tantalum
2824:tantalum
2816:diamonds
2802:in 2024.
2719:Forestry
2595:palm oil
2581:plantain
2523:palm oil
972:, tying
964:In 2006
817:Expenses
809:Revenues
605:tungsten
581:diamonds
553:External
518:footwear
514:plastics
510:textiles
498:tungsten
482:diamonds
399:(2021) (
308:services
302:industry
195:GDP rank
54:Currency
43:Kinshasa
5223:Réunion
5219:Mayotte
5210:Madeira
5205:(Spain)
5201:Melilla
5132:Tunisia
5102:Somalia
5087:Senegal
5072:Nigeria
5062:Namibia
5052:Morocco
5017:Liberia
5012:Lesotho
4962:Eritrea
4932:Comoros
4907:Burundi
4882:Algeria
4805:Outline
4761:Cuisine
4748:Culture
4671:Society
4652:Tourism
4605:Economy
4295:History
4213:31-2007
4064:30 June
3543:2223004
3377:3 March
3351:3 March
3258:3 March
3232:3 March
3206:3 March
3138:IMF.org
3109:3 March
3045:IMF.org
2865:decade.
2699:Fishing
2574:cassava
2547:cassava
2502:Sectors
2437:looting
2432:revenue
1409:550.0%
1361:541.8%
1045:Belgium
1040:British
1036:Belgium
936:economy
867:mineral
664:Imports
558:Exports
310:: 33.1%
304:: 22.6%
298:: 44.2%
5242:
5225:
5212:
5142:Zambia
5137:Uganda
5077:Rwanda
5032:Malawi
4992:Guinea
4887:Angola
4826:Portal
4756:Cinema
4708:Health
4642:Mining
4632:Energy
4555:Senate
4443:Rivers
4418:Cities
3821:
3787:
3617::
3550:
3540:
3467::
2840:coltan
2820:coltan
2812:copper
2808:cobalt
2769:Africa
2753:Mining
2731:timber
2681:coffee
2673:potato
2666:orange
2645:papaya
2623:peanut
2616:banana
2561:, and
2541:, and
2531:cotton
2527:rubber
2519:coffee
2411:19.1%
2387:1,510
2379:150.9
2334:1,409
2326:136.3
2281:1,248
2273:117.0
2252:11.4%
2228:1,161
2220:105.4
2175:1,164
2167:102.3
2146:29.3%
2122:1,130
2093:35.7%
2069:1,087
1775:15.0%
1722:23.5%
1669:46.1%
1616:18.0%
1563:16.7%
1510:12.8%
1457:21.5%
1401:−8.1%
1313:81.3%
1305:−6.6%
1265:23.5%
1217:40.0%
1070:Mobutu
1038:, but
980:, and
961:data.
951:Africa
922:famine
884:and a
785:Gross
771:
760:Rwanda
757:
743:
732:Zambia
729:
715:
651:
637:
617:coffee
593:coltan
589:cobalt
585:copper
548:repair
542:cement
538:lumber
486:coltan
474:cobalt
470:copper
466:mining
410:(2021)
406:0.341
395:0.479
375:(2012)
373:medium
99:COMESA
87:AfCFTA
5197:Ceuta
5117:Sudan
5067:Niger
5022:Libya
5007:Kenya
4987:Ghana
4977:Gabon
4952:Egypt
4892:Benin
4812:Index
4781:Music
4776:Media
4738:Women
4693:Crime
4372:2000s
4249:(19).
4182:(PDF)
4175:(PDF)
3577:(PDF)
3570:(PDF)
3166:(PDF)
3015:from
2913:Kindu
2685:cocoa
2652:beans
2638:guava
2630:mango
2588:maize
2555:maize
2543:cocoa
2535:sugar
2457:Poor
2403:6.7%
2395:67.5
2371:2023
2358:9.3%
2350:8.9%
2342:65.8
2318:2022
2305:9.0%
2297:6.2%
2289:57.3
2265:2021
2244:1.7%
2236:48.7
2212:2020
2199:4.7%
2191:4.5%
2183:50.9
2159:2019
2138:4.8%
2130:48.0
2114:96.2
2106:2018
2085:3.7%
2077:39.5
2061:89.6
2053:2017
2040:3.2%
2032:0.4%
2024:38.1
2008:78.9
2000:2016
1987:1.0%
1979:6.4%
1971:40.2
1955:73.1
1947:2015
1934:1.2%
1926:7.3%
1918:38.4
1902:67.0
1894:2014
1881:0.9%
1873:9.6%
1865:34.9
1849:57.4
1841:2013
1828:0.9%
1820:8.7%
1812:30.1
1796:47.4
1788:2012
1767:7.6%
1759:26.4
1743:45.6
1735:2011
1714:7.8%
1706:22.3
1690:41.5
1682:2010
1661:0.6%
1653:18.6
1637:38.1
1629:2009
1608:7.4%
1600:22.7
1584:37.6
1576:2008
1555:8.5%
1547:18.6
1531:34.3
1523:2007
1518:104%
1502:5.1%
1494:15.4
1478:30.8
1470:2006
1465:101%
1449:9.8%
1441:12.7
1425:28.4
1417:2005
1412:135%
1393:19.1
1377:20.0
1369:2000
1353:2.8%
1345:25.0
1329:23.9
1321:1995
1297:41.4
1281:31.0
1273:1990
1257:0.5%
1249:31.9
1233:26.6
1225:1985
1209:2.4%
1201:68.6
1195:19.2
1192:1980
1161:Year
1133:China
1125:COVID
1115:2000s
1095:Poor
1091:1990s
1060:Zaire
982:Sudan
914:First
774:India
762:6.27%
748:11.5%
734:11.9%
720:29.4%
718:China
642:67.8%
640:China
534:metal
401:179th
371:42.1
103:ECCAS
60:(CDF)
5127:Togo
5037:Mali
4927:Chad
4766:Flag
4589:List
4577:List
4526:LGBT
4230:2013
4200:Time
4144:2011
4118:2010
4066:2008
3988:2015
3962:2015
3937:2017
3912:2024
3873:2021
3848:2015
3819:ISBN
3785:ISBN
3752:2015
3725:2015
3684:2008
3638:link
3548:PMID
3429:2023
3404:2023
3379:2020
3353:2020
3324:2019
3292:2019
3260:2020
3234:2020
3208:2020
3182:2020
3149:2019
3111:2020
3085:2019
3056:2019
2869:Pact
2850:and
2842:and
2636:and
2602:rice
2563:rice
2419:13%
2366:15%
2313:16%
2260:17%
2207:15%
2154:15%
2101:18%
2048:19%
2016:989
1995:16%
1963:946
1942:18%
1910:894
1889:20%
1857:791
1836:23%
1804:674
1783:25%
1751:670
1730:31%
1698:630
1677:85%
1645:596
1624:74%
1592:608
1571:87%
1539:574
1486:532
1433:507
1385:415
1364:...
1337:602
1316:...
1289:892
1268:...
1241:902
1220:...
1198:766
1164:GDP
1151:Data
978:Chad
916:and
858:The
695:food
691:fuel
613:wood
597:zinc
577:gold
546:ship
490:zinc
478:gold
408:IHDI
107:SADC
95:SADC
91:AfDB
3905:IMF
3538:PMC
3530:doi
3526:336
3346:ILO
3024:CIA
2852:tin
2828:tin
2773:GDP
2737:of
2693:tea
2539:tea
1174:GDP
1075:IMF
997:DRC
959:GDP
940:GDP
886:HDI
601:tin
532:),
500:),
494:tin
447:N/A
397:low
327:CPI
185:PPP
163:GDP
111:WTO
5267::
4247:70
4245:.
4241:.
4197:.
4107:.
3979:.
3953:.
3928:.
3903:.
3864:.
3813:.
3779:.
3760:^
3742:.
3715:.
3646:^
3634:}}
3630:{{
3622:.
3585:^
3546:.
3536:.
3524:.
3520:.
3478:.
3472:.
3437:^
3420:.
3395:.
3369:.
3340:.
3312:.
3308:.
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