402:
171:
389:
317:, but the evidence so far supports only partial protandry. Moreover, the question of protandry of individual flowers is probably irrelevant, because the sequential anthesis of flowers means that each inflorescence will typically contain flowers in both male and female stages at the same time. Observations of foraging patterns in pollinators have shown that transfer of pollen between different flowers in the same inflorescence is inevitable.
376:
2825:
468:
follow. In this way the separator ensures that the seeds fall onto cool ground. In other species, the separator does not loosen until it has been wet. In these species, the seeds do not fall to the ground until the first rains after the bushfire. Seed is typically released over a period of about 90 days.
758:
s do not release their seed when they die, and dead plants usually release much less seed in response to fire than live plants do, so long fire intervals cause seed wastage. Fire intensity is also important. If a fire is not intense enough to promote the release of seed, then the effective interval
753:
s. The ideal time interval between bushfires varies from species to species, but twenty years is a typical figure. If bushfires occur too frequently, plants are killed before they reach fruiting age or before they have developed a substantial seed bank. This can seriously reduce or even eliminate
467:
With some exceptions, each follicle contains two seeds plus a winged "separator". While the separator remains in the follicle, it holds the seeds in position. In some species, the separator remains in the follicle until it has cooled; once cooled, the separator loosens and falls out, and the seeds
345:
Finally, there is the mechanism of "facultative" abortion of fruits, where a maternal plant without the resources to mature all fruit aborts the least vigorous ones. This is thought to be common in those taxa that are generally self-compatible, since even these have high outcrossing rates. For
691:
Dieback is notoriously difficult to manage. A number of protective measures have been implemented to slow the spread of disease and boost the survival rates of infected plants; these include restricting access to infected and susceptible sites, the collection and cold-storage of seed, and the
270:). Studies in New South Wales and in Western Australia found that small mammals can carry pollen loads comparable to those of nectarivorous birds, likely making them effective pollinators of many "Banksia" species. Other studies have shown that the relative importance of
449:
exhibit serotiny to some extent. Most retain all of their seed until release is triggered by fire, but a few species release a small amount of seed spontaneously. Serotiny is achieved through the mechanism of thick, woody follicles, which are held tightly closed by
441:
literature, the species that are killed by fire but regenerate from seed are referred to as "fire-sensitive" or "seeders", while those that typically survive by resprouting from a trunk or underground lignotuber are called "fire-tolerant" or "sprouters".
659:
forest in southwest
Western Australia typically have less than 30% of the cover of uninfested areas. Plant deaths in such large proportions can have a profound influence on the makeup of plant communities. For example, in southwestern Australia
801:
occurs on the poorest soils, the areas in which they are most abundant have been the last to be cleared for agriculture. Nonetheless, it is estimated that 55% of
Banksia woodland had been cleared by 1986. Species threatened by clearing include
861:
alone. Heavy harvesting of blooms substantially reduces harvest head production, resulting in a smaller seedbank. It is estimated population sizes for the next generation are likely to be around half the current populations at picking sites.
492:. In one study, an estimated 13680 seedlings were counted over June–October following an experimental bushfire, but by January only eleven plants remained. Other threats to seedling establishment include predation by invertebrates such as
715:
s that are watered, such as in the cut flower industry and urban gardens. In some species this problem can be countered by grafting onto a rootstock of an eastern species, many of which demonstrate at least some resistant to dieback.
320:
Another possibility is that the high outcrossing rate is due to self-incompatibility, due either to a failure to fertilise or abortion of self-fertilised fruit. Studies have shown self-compatibility of pollen to vary between
475:
birds move in to extract seed from newly open follicles, and to eat seeds that have fallen to the ground. Those seeds that escape the granivores are soon buried by wind and surface water. Nearly all buried seeds germinate.
312:
flower makes it virtually inevitable that the stigma will be exposed to its own pollen, since it functions also as a "pollen-presenter". It has been suggested that this problem would be avoided if the flowers were strongly
367:, are exceptional in having low outcrossing rates. In all cases these are rare species that occur in very small populations, which increases the probability of self-fertilisation, and may discourage visits by pollinators.
777:. The proximity of urban areas creates a need to manage the ferocity and rate of occurrence of bushfires, resulting in pressure to prescribe regular low-intensity burns. This is at odds with the conservation needs of
464:, for example, this is 2 minutes at 500 °C. Those species with high heat requirements typically retain their old withered florets. These are highly combustible and thus help ensure the critical heat is reached.
329:
for pollen from its own flowers. A more likely form of self-incompatibility is the spontaneous abortion of fruits that have been self-fertilised. These could be caused either by the expression of lethal
3103:
887:
282:
species exhibiting reduced fruit set when vertebrate pollinators are excluded, while others are unaffected by the exclusion of vertebrates and set some fruit even when all pollinators are excluded.
879:
577:
797:
woodland have been cleared for agriculture, mining, urban development and roads. As well as the direct loss of population and habitat, this has led to an increased spread of weeds and disease. As
890:
also provides for taxa to be declared "Priority Flora", either because they are poorly known, or because they are rare but not threatened. The following is a list of threatened and priority
234:
are often observed and are obviously important to pollination. Also important are visits by nectariferous mammals, although such visits are rarely observed because these mammals are usually
632:, with all species considered susceptible to infection. Consequently, a number of southwestern species are considered under threat from dieback. Nearly every known wild population of
334:, or the expression of genes that, while not lethal, cause the maternal plant to abort. Genetic causes are thought to be a common form of self-incompatibility, because of the high
766:
do not develop a lignotuber until they reach fruiting age. Thus overly frequent fires prevent the recruitment of new adults, and populations decline at the rate that adults die.
769:
It is widely accepted that colonisation by
Europeans has led to an increase in fire frequency. This is especially the case near urban areas, where bushland is subject to both
90:(dieback) pose a serious threat to the genus's habitat and biodiversity. Various conservation measures have been put in place to mitigate these threats, but a number of
3290:
3235:
3156:
636:
shows some signs of dieback infection, and it is said that this species would be extinct within a decade if it were not protected. Other vulnerable species include
458:
and the heat of bushfire, and remain viable for around ten years. Follicles require a critical heat to melt the resin, so that the follicles may begin opening; for
3071:
613:
that attacks the roots of plants, destroying the structure of the root tissues, "rotting" the root, and preventing the plant from absorbing water and nutrients.
3010:
754:
populations in some areas. Longer time intervals also reduce populations, as more plants die of natural attrition between fires. Unlike some other
Proteaceae,
3335:
Wooller SJ, Wooller RD, Brown KL (2002). "Regeneration by three species of
Banksia on the south coast of Western Australia in relation to fire interval".
57:; specialised floral structures that attract nectariferous animals and ensure effective pollen transfer; and the release of seed in response to bushfire.
2651:
2437:
488:
seedlings do not survive to adulthood. A major reason for this is a lack of water. Competition for soil moisture can be intense, especially during
857:. As of 1990 there were around 1000 licensed commercial pickers operating in the state, and in that year around 675000 blooms were harvested from
700:. Aerial spraying of phosphite boosts plant survival and slows the spread of infection, but must be carefully managed as studies have shown that
45:
has a number of adaptations that have so far enabled the genus to survive despite dry, nutrient-poor soil, low rates of seed set, high rates of
2518:
1672:
2975:; Connell, Stephen W.; Bergl, Stephen M. (1991). "Seed bank and population dynamics in Banksia cuneata: The role of time, fire and moisture".
204:
has been well studied, because the large showy inflorescences make it easy to conduct pollination experiments, and the pollination roles of
3441:
2545:
2566:
2304:
1718:
1282:
1261:
425:
species typically survive bushfires, either because they have very thick bark that protects the trunk from fire, or because they have
1924:
835:
industry, with commercial picking of blooms especially prevalent in southwest
Western Australia. Blooms are harvested from around 29
3403:
3374:
3079:
1790:
347:
552:
is impacted by a range of processes. Major threats include disease; changes in fire frequency and intensity; clearing of land for
384:
after fire. The maternal plant has been killed, but the fire has also triggered the release of seed, ensuring population recovery.
3095:
2199:
2097:
762:
Fire intervals are not as critical for resprouters, as adults typically survive fire. Fire does kill seedlings, however, as most
3305:
2262:
1646:
2220:
2076:
883:
1697:
1396:
676:
understory, and over time these may be replaced by a more open woodland consisting of an overstory of the resistant marri (
516:
Banksia seed is predated by a birds and insects. Insects also feed on stems, leaves, flowers and cones. Some insects cause
401:
170:
2630:
2462:
2394:
2161:
2140:
3018:
2588:
1873:
1324:
3251:"Root and shoot development in Corymbia calophylla and Banksia brownii after the application of the fungicide phosphite"
2004:
80:, exploitation of flowers and changes to the fire regime. In addition, the accidental introduction and spread of plant
2945:
Sampson, J. F.; Collins, B. G.; Coates, D. J. (1994). "Mixed Mating in
Banksia brownii Baxter ex R. Br. (Proteaceae)".
1942:
1052:
1899:
624:
The threat of exposure to dieback is greatest in southwest
Western Australia, where dieback infestation has reached
2283:
1629:
1510:
146:
s are most commonly associated with their elongate flower spikes and fruiting "cones", although less than half of
2241:
1489:
1468:
2918:
Wooller, Sue J.; Wooller, R. D. (2001). "Seed set in two sympatric banksias, Banksia attenuata and B. baxteri".
410:
after fire. The maternal plant has been burnt, and possibly killed; but note the seedlings coming up beneath it.
1303:
297:
plants are found to occur as a result of self-fertilisation. There are a number of potential reasons for this:
251:
3369:. Kenthurst, New South Wales: Kangaroo Press (in association with the Society for Growing Australian Plants).
3419:
3040:
3481:
3362:
2484:
605:
536:
418:
304:
flowers are simply not exposed to their own pollen. This is highly unlikely for two reasons. Firstly, the
86:
3284:
3229:
3150:
2707:
2120:
429:
from which they can resprout after fire. In addition, fire triggers the release of seed stored in the
2860:
Goldingay, Ross. L.; Susan M. Carthew (1998). "Breeding and Mating
Systems of Australian Proteaceae".
3250:
3194:
3171:
2799:
2742:
2614:
2377:
2360:
2043:
1533:
1452:
1219:
1132:
672:), another species highly vulnerable to dieback. Infestation kills both the jarrah overstory and the
305:
184:
696:. Phosphite boosts the resistance of both infected and uninfected plants, and also acts as a direct
2782:
1740:
1418:
1036:
924:
678:
38:
3210:
2992:
2690:
2325:
1988:
1757:
1228:
1115:
1098:
841:
804:
597:
581:
573:
380:
95:
708:
appears to lack this disadvantage, but is costly to administer and restricted to known plants.
388:
3399:
3370:
3138:
3075:
2724:
2343:
1965:
1812:
1774:
1612:
1435:
1245:
1183:
958:
875:
704:
of phosphite adversely affects root and shoot growth. Direct injection of phosphite into tree
684:
406:
393:
3476:
3344:
3265:
3202:
2984:
2954:
2927:
2900:
2869:
2673:
2501:
2183:
2026:
1380:
1166:
998:
941:
847:
430:
247:
235:
227:
175:
749:
The frequency and intensity of bushfires are important factors in the population health of
375:
3390:
Lamont, Byron B. (1996). "Conservation biology of banksias in southwestern
Australia". In
2765:
2060:
1852:
1595:
1346:
1201:
1075:
976:
853:
810:
774:
701:
460:
3129:
Cochrane, Anne, Sarah Barrett and Sandra Gilfillan (2005). "The feather-leaved banksia".
3198:
3391:
2829:
1830:
1555:
1149:
816:
561:
472:
339:
263:
46:
3107:
3470:
3313:
2420:
1578:
1363:
1019:
360:
species, has been shown to set far more cross-pollinated than self-pollinated fruit.
77:
50:
2996:
3214:
2972:
737:
731:
526:
335:
275:
711:
Because dieback thrives in moist soil conditions, it can be a severe problem for
610:
553:
493:
326:
290:
197:
832:
763:
705:
426:
271:
150:
species possess this feature. They grow in forms varying from prostrate woody
128:
69:
54:
3142:
3396:
Gondwanan Heritage: Past, Present and Future of the Western Australian Biota
3172:"The efficacy of phosphite applied after inoculation on the colonisation of
793:
habitat coincides with areas of high population density, and large areas of
697:
693:
565:
505:
455:
314:
243:
216:
192:
between plants, thus playing an important role in the species' reproduction.
159:
132:
81:
65:
759:
between seed release will be further increased by the loss of fire fuel.
625:
601:
501:
434:
342:
are deeply embedded in the "rhachis" (woody spine) of the inflorescence.
338:
of the genus. However abortion rates are difficult to assess because the
621:, with infected plants typically dying within a few years of exposure.
618:
489:
438:
120:
107:
33:
2958:
3310:
Proceedings of the IV National Workshop for Australian Native Flowers
727:
724:
665:
557:
259:
212:
205:
189:
179:
136:
72:
challenges. European colonisation of Australia has directly affected
61:
3348:
3269:
3206:
3066:
Brown, Andrew; Carolyn Thomson-Dans; Neville Marchant, eds. (1998).
2931:
2904:
2873:
293:
rates among the highest ever recorded for plants; that is, very few
242:
inflorescences are foraged by a variety of small mammals, including
2988:
770:
451:
400:
387:
374:
169:
151:
139:
124:
116:
91:
29:
3011:"Threat Abatement Plan for Dieback Caused by the Root-rot Fungus
564:
and roads; and exploitation of flowers, seeds and foliage by the
628:
proportions. This area holds the greatest species diversity for
517:
497:
331:
325:
species, with some but not all species inhibiting the growth of
231:
208:
155:
2887:
Hackett, Damian J.; Goldingay, Ross L. (2001). "Pollination of
2891:
spp. by non-flying mammals in north-eastern New South Wales".
49:
and low rates of seedling survival. These adaptations include
880:
Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999
578:
Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999
154:
to trees up to 30 metres tall, and occur in all but the most
3249:
Barrett, S. R., B. L. Shearer and G. E. St J. Hardy (2002).
3170:
Barrett, S. R., B. L. Shearer and G. E. St G. Hardy (2003).
278:
for pollination may vary from species to species, with some
682:), and an understory of the somewhat resistant Parrotbush (
3041:"Banksia brownii: Brown's Banksia, Feather-leaved Banksia"
417:
plants are naturally adapted to the presence of regular
878:. Protection is afforded to them under the Australian
28:
is the relationships and interactions among the plant
874:
taxa are currently declared rare. All are endemic to
617:
s proteoid roots make it highly susceptible to this
3398:. Chipping Norton: Surrey Beatty. pp. 292–98.
781:, which requires intense fires at long intervals.
454:. Seeds retained in follicles are protected from
3442:"Wildlife Conservation (Rare Flora) Notice 2006"
2855:
2853:
2851:
2849:
2847:
2845:
3394:; M. Harvey, J. Chappill; A. S. George (eds.).
3072:Department of Conservation and Land Management
3017:. Environment Australia. 2001. Archived from
8:
3422:. Department of the Environment and Heritage
3289:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3234:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3155:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3047:. Department of the Environment and Heritage
2808:Priority 3 (Poorly known but not threatened)
2774:Priority 3 (Poorly known but not threatened)
2716:Priority 3 (Poorly known but not threatened)
2699:Priority 3 (Poorly known but not threatened)
2682:Priority 3 (Poorly known but not threatened)
2665:Priority 2 (Poorly known but not threatened)
2644:Priority 2 (Poorly known but not threatened)
2623:Priority 3 (Poorly known but not threatened)
2580:Priority 2 (Poorly known but not threatened)
2559:Priority 3 (Poorly known but not threatened)
2386:Priority 3 (Poorly known but not threatened)
2335:Priority 2 (Poorly known but not threatened)
2318:Priority 2 (Poorly known but not threatened)
2297:Priority 2 (Poorly known but not threatened)
2276:Priority 3 (Poorly known but not threatened)
2234:Priority 3 (Poorly known but not threatened)
2213:Priority 3 (Poorly known but not threatened)
2175:Priority 3 (Poorly known but not threatened)
2090:Priority 2 (Poorly known but not threatened)
2069:Priority 3 (Poorly known but not threatened)
2018:Priority 2 (Poorly known but not threatened)
1956:Priority 3 (Poorly known but not threatened)
1935:Priority 2 (Poorly known but not threatened)
1821:Priority 3 (Poorly known but not threatened)
1783:Priority 3 (Poorly known but not threatened)
1766:Priority 3 (Poorly known but not threatened)
1711:Priority 3 (Poorly known but not threatened)
1621:Priority 2 (Poorly known but not threatened)
1604:Priority 3 (Poorly known but not threatened)
1587:Priority 3 (Poorly known but not threatened)
1524:Priority 3 (Poorly known but not threatened)
1503:Priority 2 (Poorly known but not threatened)
1482:Priority 3 (Poorly known but not threatened)
1461:Priority 2 (Poorly known but not threatened)
1427:Priority 3 (Poorly known but not threatened)
1410:Priority 2 (Poorly known but not threatened)
1389:Priority 2 (Poorly known but not threatened)
1372:Priority 2 (Poorly known but not threatened)
1338:Priority 2 (Poorly known but not threatened)
1317:Priority 2 (Poorly known but not threatened)
1296:Priority 3 (Poorly known but not threatened)
1275:Priority 2 (Poorly known but not threatened)
1254:Priority 3 (Poorly known but not threatened)
1124:Priority 2 (Poorly known but not threatened)
1107:Priority 3 (Poorly known but not threatened)
1066:Priority 3 (Poorly known but not threatened)
950:Priority 2 (Poorly known but not threatened)
933:Priority 2 (Poorly known but not threatened)
664:often occurs as an understory to forests of
397:resprouting from epicormic buds after fire.
188:inflorescence. In the process it transfers
3104:Department of Environment and Conservation
888:Department of Environment and Conservation
723:species are vulnerable include the aerial
609:, commonly known as "dieback". This is a
2255:Priority 1 (Poorly known and threatened)
2192:Priority 1 (Poorly known and threatened)
2154:Priority 1 (Poorly known and threatened)
2111:Priority 1 (Poorly known and threatened)
2052:Priority 1 (Poorly known and threatened)
1749:Priority 1 (Poorly known and threatened)
1192:Priority 1 (Poorly known and threatened)
896:
2841:
882:(EPBC Act), and the Western Australian
512:Diseases, predation and other symbioses
238:and reclusive. Studies have found that
3420:"Species Profile and Threats Database"
3282:
3227:
3148:
215:makes the genus a popular subject for
831:s are highly favoured by Australia's
7:
3068:Western Australia's Threatened Flora
3045:Species Profile and Threats Database
2791:Priority 4 (Rare but not threatened)
2733:Priority 4 (Rare but not threatened)
2510:Priority 4 (Rare but not threatened)
2493:Priority 4 (Rare but not threatened)
2476:Priority 4 (Rare but not threatened)
2429:Priority 4 (Rare but not threatened)
2369:Priority 4 (Rare but not threatened)
2352:Priority 4 (Rare but not threatened)
2035:Priority 4 (Rare but not threatened)
1997:Priority 4 (Rare but not threatened)
1804:Priority 4 (Rare but not threatened)
1732:Priority 4 (Rare but not threatened)
1638:Priority 4 (Rare but not threatened)
1444:Priority 4 (Rare but not threatened)
1355:Priority 4 (Rare but not threatened)
1237:Priority 4 (Rare but not threatened)
1175:Priority 4 (Rare but not threatened)
1158:Priority 4 (Rare but not threatened)
1141:Priority 4 (Rare but not threatened)
1045:Priority 4 (Rare but not threatened)
1028:Priority 4 (Rare but not threatened)
967:Priority 4 (Rare but not threatened)
3306:"Grafting Australian Native Plants"
824:Exploitation by wildflower industry
580:, and a further two are considered
3451:. 23 June 2006. pp. 2169–2174
592:The most severe disease threat to
534:species are highly susceptible to
356:, one of the most self-compatible
289:species studied so far have shown
14:
1928:subsp. Morangup (M. Pieroni 94/2)
2823:
839:species, the most popular being
520:. Many species of fungi live on
572:species are currently declared
433: — an adaptation known as
884:Wildlife Conservation Act 1950
1:
500:; and by vertebrates such as
3337:Australian Journal of Botany
3258:Australian Journal of Botany
3187:Australasian Plant Pathology
2947:Australian Journal of Botany
2920:Australian Journal of Botany
2893:Australian Journal of Botany
2862:Australian Journal of Botany
918:(Wildlife Conservation Act)
568:and other industries. Three
471:Immediately after bushfire,
3070:. Como, Western Australia:
808:and the endangered species
3498:
1630:B. insulanemorecincta
480:Establishment of seedlings
105:
16:Banksia in its environment
1982:Loss of habitat, dieback
1572:Loss of habitat, dieback
905:
902:
899:
735:and the parasitic fungus
692:treatment of plants with
719:Other diseases to which
300:One possibility is that
252:yellow-footed antechinus
363:A few species, such as
135:wildflower and popular
3449:Government Gazette, WA
3178:Phytophthora cinnamomi
3013:Phytophthora cinnamomi
2653:B. subpinnatifida
2632:B. subpinnatifida
2485:B. shanklandiorum
1398:B. erythrocephala
606:Phytophthora cinnamomi
537:Phytophthora cinnamomi
411:
398:
385:
193:
87:Phytophthora cinnamomi
3304:Dawson, Iain (1996).
2708:B. trifontinalis
2439:B. serratuloides
2396:B. serratuloides
2121:B. pseudoplumosa
404:
391:
378:
173:
2800:B. xylothemelia
2743:B. verticillata
2615:B. strictifolia
2520:Banksia sphaerocarpa
2378:B. seneciifolia
2361:B. sclerophylla
2163:B. pteridifolia
2142:B. pteridifolia
2044:B. prionophylla
1534:B. fuscobractea
1453:B. foliosissima
1133:B. chamaephyton
789:The distribution of
670:Eucalyptus marginata
650:B. verticillata
548:The biodiversity of
185:Banksia integrifolia
3199:2003AuPP...32....1B
3110:on 3 September 2007
2783:B. wonganensis
1875:B. mucronulata
1741:B. lepidorhiza
1699:B. kippistiana
1674:B. ionthocarpa
1648:B. ionthocarpa
1419:B. fasciculata
1037:B. benthamiana
925:B. acanthopoda
679:Corymbia calophylla
256:Antechinus flavipes
2830:Ecology portal
2691:B. tortifolia
2327:B. rufistylis
1989:B. platycarpa
1758:B. lullfitzii
1326:B. drummondii
1284:B. dallanneyi
1263:B. dallanneyi
1229:B. cynaroides
1116:B. catoglypta
1099:B. calophylla
866:Threatened species
859:B. hookeriana
842:B. hookeriana
805:B. hookeriana
655:Infested areas of
576:under Australia's
524:plants, including
412:
399:
386:
381:B. telmatiaea
230:and nectarivorous
226:inflorescences by
194:
2977:Botanical Gazette
2959:10.1071/BT9940103
2814:
2813:
2725:B. tricuspis
2590:B. squarrosa
2568:B. splendida
2547:B. splendida
2344:B. scabrella
1966:B. oligantha
1813:B. micrantha
1775:B. meganotia
1720:B. laevigata
1613:B. idiogenes
1436:B. foliolata
1246:B. cypholoba
1218:Loss of habitat,
1184:B. corvijuga
959:B. acuminata
916:Western Australia
876:Western Australia
685:Dryandra sessilis
646:B. oligantha
562:urban development
407:B. prionotes
394:B. attenuata
349:Banksia spinulosa
228:western honeybees
3489:
3461:
3460:
3458:
3456:
3446:
3438:
3432:
3431:
3429:
3427:
3416:
3410:
3409:
3387:
3381:
3380:
3367:The Banksia Book
3359:
3353:
3352:
3332:
3326:
3325:
3323:
3321:
3312:. Archived from
3301:
3295:
3294:
3288:
3280:
3278:
3276:
3255:
3246:
3240:
3239:
3233:
3225:
3223:
3221:
3184:
3167:
3161:
3160:
3154:
3146:
3126:
3120:
3119:
3117:
3115:
3106:. Archived from
3100:Managing Dieback
3092:
3086:
3085:
3063:
3057:
3056:
3054:
3052:
3037:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3026:
3007:
3001:
3000:
2973:Lamont, Byron B.
2969:
2963:
2962:
2942:
2936:
2935:
2915:
2909:
2908:
2884:
2878:
2877:
2857:
2828:
2827:
2826:
2674:B. subulata
2502:B. solandri
2464:B. sessilis
2184:B. rosserae
2027:B. porrecta
1792:B. meisneri
1381:B. epimicta
1167:B. concinna
1054:B. borealis
999:B. aurantia
942:B. aculeata
897:
848:B. coccinea
775:prescribed burns
431:aerial seed bank
421:. About half of
371:Response to fire
176:rainbow lorikeet
68:has brought new
3497:
3496:
3492:
3491:
3490:
3488:
3487:
3486:
3467:
3466:
3465:
3464:
3454:
3452:
3444:
3440:
3439:
3435:
3425:
3423:
3418:
3417:
3413:
3406:
3389:
3388:
3384:
3377:
3363:George, Alex S.
3361:
3360:
3356:
3349:10.1071/BT01078
3334:
3333:
3329:
3319:
3317:
3316:on 15 June 2006
3303:
3302:
3298:
3281:
3274:
3272:
3270:10.1071/BT01018
3253:
3248:
3247:
3243:
3226:
3219:
3217:
3207:10.1071/AP02061
3182:
3174:Banksia brownii
3169:
3168:
3164:
3147:
3128:
3127:
3123:
3113:
3111:
3096:"Impacts in WA"
3094:
3093:
3089:
3082:
3065:
3064:
3060:
3050:
3048:
3039:
3038:
3034:
3024:
3022:
3021:on 18 June 2006
3009:
3008:
3004:
2971:
2970:
2966:
2944:
2943:
2939:
2932:10.1071/BT00084
2917:
2916:
2912:
2905:10.1071/BT00004
2886:
2885:
2881:
2874:10.1071/BT97037
2859:
2858:
2843:
2838:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2766:B. viscida
2099:B. prolata
2078:B. prolata
2061:B. prolata
2006:B. plumosa
1944:B. nobilis
1853:B. montana
1596:B. horrida
1512:B. fraseri
1491:B. fraseri
1470:B. fraseri
1347:B. elegans
1202:B. cuneata
1076:B. brownii
977:B. anatona
917:
912:
868:
854:B. baxteri
826:
811:B. cuneata
787:
747:
702:foliar spraying
638:B. cuneata
634:B. brownii
590:
546:
514:
482:
461:B. elegans
373:
365:B. brownii
168:
110:
104:
60:The arrival of
17:
12:
11:
5:
3495:
3493:
3485:
3484:
3479:
3469:
3468:
3463:
3462:
3433:
3411:
3404:
3382:
3375:
3354:
3343:(3): 311–317.
3327:
3296:
3241:
3162:
3121:
3087:
3080:
3058:
3032:
3002:
2989:10.1086/337870
2983:(1): 114–122.
2964:
2937:
2926:(5): 597–602.
2910:
2899:(5): 637–644.
2879:
2868:(4): 421–437.
2840:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2832:
2818:
2815:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2803:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2786:
2778:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2769:
2761:
2760:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2728:
2720:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2711:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2694:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2677:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2660:
2657:subpinnatifida
2648:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2639:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2618:
2610:
2609:
2606:
2601:
2598:
2584:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2575:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2554:
2542:
2541:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2505:
2497:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2488:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2471:
2459:
2458:
2455:
2450:
2447:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2424:
2416:
2415:
2412:
2407:
2404:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2381:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2364:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2347:
2339:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2313:
2310:tutanningensis
2301:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2292:
2280:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2271:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2229:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2208:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2149:
2137:
2136:
2133:
2128:
2125:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2085:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2030:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1984:
1983:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1921:
1920:
1917:
1912:
1909:
1895:
1894:
1891:
1886:
1883:
1869:
1868:
1865:
1860:
1857:
1847:
1846:
1843:
1838:
1835:
1831:B. mimica
1825:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1816:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1799:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1778:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1736:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1706:
1694:
1693:
1690:
1685:
1682:
1668:
1667:
1664:
1659:
1656:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1608:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1574:
1573:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1556:B. goodii
1550:
1549:
1546:
1541:
1538:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1486:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1465:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1414:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1393:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1342:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1321:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1279:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1224:
1223:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1196:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1162:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:B. comosa
1145:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1128:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1111:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1094:
1093:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1070:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1049:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1015:
1014:
1011:
1006:
1003:
993:
992:
989:
984:
981:
971:
970:
968:
965:
962:
954:
953:
951:
948:
945:
937:
936:
934:
931:
928:
920:
919:
914:
908:
907:
906:Major threats
904:
901:
867:
864:
825:
822:
817:B. goodii
786:
783:
746:
743:
642:B. goodii
589:
586:
545:
542:
513:
510:
481:
478:
372:
369:
268:Rattus tunneyi
264:pale field rat
167:
164:
119:of around 170
106:Main article:
103:
100:
51:proteoid roots
47:seed predation
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3494:
3483:
3482:Plant ecology
3480:
3478:
3475:
3474:
3472:
3450:
3443:
3437:
3434:
3421:
3415:
3412:
3407:
3405:0-949324-66-3
3401:
3397:
3393:
3386:
3383:
3378:
3376:0-86417-006-8
3372:
3368:
3364:
3358:
3355:
3350:
3346:
3342:
3338:
3331:
3328:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3300:
3297:
3292:
3286:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3252:
3245:
3242:
3237:
3231:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3200:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3181:
3179:
3175:
3166:
3163:
3158:
3152:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3125:
3122:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3091:
3088:
3083:
3081:0-7309-6875-8
3077:
3073:
3069:
3062:
3059:
3046:
3042:
3036:
3033:
3020:
3016:
3014:
3006:
3003:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2968:
2965:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2941:
2938:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2914:
2911:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2890:
2883:
2880:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2856:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2848:
2846:
2842:
2835:
2831:
2821:
2820:
2816:
2810:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2801:
2797:
2796:
2793:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2784:
2780:
2779:
2776:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2767:
2763:
2762:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2745:
2744:
2739:
2738:
2735:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2726:
2722:
2721:
2718:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2709:
2705:
2704:
2701:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2692:
2688:
2687:
2684:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2675:
2671:
2670:
2667:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2649:
2646:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2628:
2625:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2616:
2612:
2611:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2596:
2595:
2591:
2586:
2585:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2564:
2561:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2543:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2526:
2525:
2521:
2516:
2515:
2512:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2503:
2499:
2498:
2495:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2486:
2482:
2481:
2478:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2460:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2445:
2444:
2443:serratuloides
2440:
2435:
2434:
2431:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2422:
2421:B. serra
2418:
2417:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2402:
2401:
2397:
2392:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2379:
2375:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2362:
2358:
2357:
2354:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2345:
2341:
2340:
2337:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2328:
2324:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2302:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2260:
2257:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2239:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2218:
2215:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2185:
2181:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2138:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2123:
2122:
2117:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2062:
2058:
2057:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2028:
2024:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2011:
2007:
2003:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1990:
1986:
1985:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1968:
1967:
1962:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1926:B. nivea
1923:
1922:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1907:
1906:
1902:
1901:B. nivea
1897:
1896:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1881:
1880:
1876:
1871:
1870:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1855:
1854:
1849:
1848:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1832:
1827:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1814:
1810:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1776:
1772:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1759:
1755:
1754:
1751:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1742:
1738:
1737:
1734:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1695:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1680:
1679:
1675:
1670:
1669:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1654:
1653:
1652:chrysophoenix
1649:
1644:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1631:
1627:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1614:
1610:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1597:
1593:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1580:
1579:B. hirta
1576:
1575:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1558:
1557:
1552:
1551:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1536:
1535:
1530:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1454:
1450:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1437:
1433:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1382:
1378:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1365:
1364:B. epica
1361:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1348:
1344:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1305:B. densa
1302:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1247:
1243:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1230:
1226:
1225:
1221:
1220:feral rabbits
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1204:
1203:
1198:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1185:
1181:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1168:
1164:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1151:
1147:
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1129:
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1123:
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1047:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1021:
1020:B. bella
1017:
1016:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1002:
1001:
1000:
995:
994:
990:
988:
985:
982:
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823:
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796:
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785:Land clearing
784:
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742:
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734:
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541:
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328:
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318:
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311:
307:
303:
298:
296:
292:
288:
283:
281:
277:
276:invertebrates
273:
269:
265:
262:(such as the
261:
257:
253:
249:
248:honey possums
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
220:
218:
214:
210:
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206:nectariferous
203:
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101:
99:
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88:
83:
79:
78:deforestation
75:
71:
67:
63:
58:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
35:
31:
27:
26:
19:
3453:. Retrieved
3448:
3436:
3424:. Retrieved
3414:
3395:
3392:S. D. Hopper
3385:
3366:
3357:
3340:
3336:
3330:
3318:. Retrieved
3314:the original
3309:
3299:
3285:cite journal
3273:. Retrieved
3261:
3257:
3244:
3230:cite journal
3218:. Retrieved
3190:
3186:
3177:
3173:
3165:
3151:cite journal
3137:(3): 22–28.
3134:
3130:
3124:
3112:. Retrieved
3108:the original
3099:
3090:
3067:
3061:
3049:. Retrieved
3044:
3035:
3023:. Retrieved
3019:the original
3012:
3005:
2980:
2976:
2967:
2950:
2946:
2940:
2923:
2919:
2913:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2882:
2865:
2861:
2798:
2781:
2764:
2754:
2749:
2741:
2740:
2723:
2706:
2689:
2672:
2656:
2652:
2635:
2631:
2613:
2603:
2593:
2589:
2587:
2571:
2567:
2550:
2546:
2535:
2530:
2524:dolichostyla
2523:
2519:
2517:
2500:
2483:
2467:
2463:
2452:
2442:
2438:
2436:
2419:
2409:
2399:
2395:
2393:
2376:
2359:
2342:
2326:
2309:
2306:B. rufa
2305:
2288:
2285:B. rufa
2284:
2267:
2264:B. rufa
2263:
2246:
2243:B. rufa
2242:
2225:
2222:B. rufa
2221:
2205:chelomacarpa
2204:
2201:B. rufa
2200:
2182:
2166:
2162:
2145:
2141:
2130:
2119:
2118:
2102:
2098:
2081:
2077:
2059:
2042:
2025:
2009:
2005:
1987:
1977:
1972:
1964:
1963:
1947:
1943:
1925:
1914:
1904:
1900:
1898:
1888:
1878:
1874:
1872:
1862:
1851:
1850:
1840:
1829:
1828:
1811:
1795:
1791:
1773:
1756:
1739:
1723:
1719:
1703:paenepeccata
1702:
1698:
1687:
1677:
1673:
1671:
1661:
1651:
1647:
1645:
1628:
1611:
1594:
1577:
1567:
1562:
1554:
1553:
1543:
1532:
1531:
1515:
1511:
1494:
1490:
1473:
1469:
1451:
1434:
1417:
1401:
1397:
1379:
1362:
1345:
1329:
1325:
1308:
1304:
1287:
1283:
1266:
1262:
1244:
1227:
1213:
1208:
1200:
1199:
1182:
1165:
1148:
1131:
1114:
1097:
1087:
1082:
1074:
1073:
1057:
1053:
1035:
1018:
1008:
997:
996:
986:
975:
974:
957:
940:
923:
903:Designation
891:
871:
869:
858:
852:
846:
840:
836:
828:
827:
815:
809:
803:
798:
794:
790:
788:
778:
768:
761:
755:
750:
748:
736:
732:Zythiostroma
730:
720:
718:
712:
710:
690:
683:
677:
673:
669:
661:
656:
654:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
623:
614:
604:
593:
591:
569:
549:
547:
544:Conservation
535:
531:
527:Banksiamyces
525:
521:
515:
494:grasshoppers
485:
483:
470:
466:
459:
446:
444:
422:
414:
413:
405:
392:
379:
364:
362:
357:
352:
348:
344:
336:genetic load
327:pollen tubes
322:
319:
309:
301:
299:
294:
286:
284:
279:
267:
255:
239:
223:
221:
201:
195:
183:
147:
143:
131:. An iconic
112:
111:
85:
73:
59:
42:
32:
24:
22:
20:
18:
3114:21 February
2268:obliquiloba
2010:denticulata
1678:ionthocarpa
764:resprouters
745:Fire regime
611:water mould
554:agriculture
473:granivorous
427:lignotubers
315:protandrous
291:outcrossing
285:Almost all
272:vertebrates
200:ecology of
198:pollination
166:Pollination
55:lignotubers
39:environment
23:ecology of
3471:Categories
3264:(2): 155.
3193:(1): 1–7.
2953:: 103–11.
2836:References
2750:Vulnerable
2594:argillacea
2551:macrocarpa
2531:Vulnerable
2226:flavescens
1973:Endangered
1563:Vulnerable
1222:, dieback
1209:Endangered
1083:Endangered
913:(EPBC Act)
833:wildflower
738:Armillaria
598:introduced
582:vulnerable
574:endangered
566:cut flower
506:bandicoots
456:granivores
439:ecological
353:neoanglica
306:morphology
244:marsupials
222:Visits to
217:zoologists
178:feasts on
133:Australian
129:Proteaceae
102:Background
96:endangered
70:ecological
3176:stems by
3143:0815-4465
3131:Landscope
2572:splendida
2103:calcicola
1905:uliginosa
1796:ascendens
1724:laevigata
1402:inopinata
1330:macrorufa
911:Australia
698:fungicide
694:phosphite
540:dieback.
502:kangaroos
419:bushfires
346:example,
246:(such as
236:nocturnal
160:Australia
158:areas of
82:pathogens
66:Australia
62:Europeans
3365:(1984).
3025:1 August
2997:84817881
2817:See also
2759:Dieback
2636:imberbis
2608:Dieback
2540:Dieback
2457:Dieback
2414:Dieback
2167:vernalis
2146:inretita
2135:Dieback
1948:fragrans
1919:Dieback
1893:Dieback
1879:retrorsa
1867:Dieback
1845:Dieback
1692:Dieback
1666:Dieback
1548:Dieback
1516:oxycedra
1288:pollosta
1267:agricola
1092:Dieback
1013:Dieback
991:Dieback
900:Species
626:epidemic
615:Banksia'
602:pathogen
435:serotiny
84:such as
76:through
37:and its
3477:Banksia
3455:11 July
3426:10 July
3320:29 June
3275:11 July
3220:21 July
3215:7742365
3195:Bibcode
3051:10 July
2889:Banksia
2592:subsp.
2570:subsp.
2549:subsp.
2468:cordata
2441:subsp.
2400:perissa
2398:subsp.
2308:subsp.
2287:subsp.
2266:subsp.
2245:subsp.
2224:subsp.
2203:subsp.
2165:subsp.
2144:subsp.
2101:subsp.
2082:archeos
2080:subsp.
2008:subsp.
1946:subsp.
1903:subsp.
1877:subsp.
1794:subsp.
1722:subsp.
1676:subsp.
1650:subsp.
1328:subsp.
1286:subsp.
1265:subsp.
1058:elatior
1056:subsp.
892:Banksia
872:Banksia
837:Banksia
829:Banksia
799:Banksia
795:Banksia
791:Banksia
779:Banksia
756:Banksia
751:Banksia
721:Banksia
713:Banksia
674:Banksia
662:Banksia
657:Banksia
630:Banksia
619:disease
596:is the
594:Banksia
588:Disease
570:Banksia
550:Banksia
532:Banksia
530:. Most
522:Banksia
490:drought
486:Banksia
447:Banksia
423:Banksia
415:Banksia
358:Banksia
340:ovaries
323:Banksia
310:Banksia
308:of the
302:Banksia
295:Banksia
287:Banksia
280:Banksia
260:rodents
258:), and
240:Banksia
224:Banksia
213:mammals
202:Banksia
182:from a
148:Banksia
144:Banksia
127:family
123:in the
121:species
113:Banksia
108:Banksia
94:remain
74:Banksia
43:Banksia
34:Banksia
25:Banksia
3402:
3373:
3213:
3141:
3078:
2995:
2289:pumila
1495:effusa
1474:crebra
894:taxa:
886:. The
728:fungus
725:canker
666:jarrah
600:plant
558:mining
437:. In
190:pollen
180:nectar
152:shrubs
137:garden
3445:(PDF)
3254:(PDF)
3211:S2CID
3183:(PDF)
2993:S2CID
2655:var.
2634:var.
2522:var.
2466:var.
2247:magma
1701:var.
1514:var.
1493:var.
1472:var.
1400:var.
1309:parva
1307:var.
771:arson
706:stems
518:galls
498:mites
484:Most
452:resin
351:var.
332:genes
232:birds
209:birds
140:plant
125:plant
117:genus
115:is a
30:genus
3457:2006
3428:2006
3400:ISBN
3371:ISBN
3322:2006
3291:link
3277:2006
3236:link
3222:2006
3157:link
3139:ISSN
3116:2007
3076:ISBN
3053:2006
3027:2006
2755:Rare
2604:Rare
2536:Rare
2453:Rare
2410:Rare
2131:Rare
1978:Rare
1915:Rare
1889:Rare
1863:Rare
1841:Rare
1688:Rare
1662:Rare
1568:Rare
1544:Rare
1214:Rare
1088:Rare
1009:Rare
987:Rare
851:and
814:and
773:and
648:and
504:and
496:and
445:All
274:and
250:and
211:and
196:The
156:arid
92:taxa
53:and
21:The
3345:doi
3266:doi
3203:doi
2985:doi
2981:152
2955:doi
2928:doi
2901:doi
2870:doi
870:19
688:).
64:in
3473::
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3287:}}
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2924:49
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2897:49
2895:.
2866:46
2864:.
2844:^
845:,
820:.
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652:.
644:,
640:,
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560:,
556:,
508:.
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254:,
219:.
174:A
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98:.
41:.
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3351:.
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3238:)
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3159:)
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3055:.
3029:.
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2987::
2961:.
2957::
2934:.
2930::
2907:.
2903::
2876:.
2872::
2805:-
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2771:-
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