698:
663:
22:
253:
79:
560:
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database of planned, needed, and completed restoration projects. In 2000, the Bureau of
Submerged Lands and Environmental Resources was awarded a grant to update FERI and expand the database to include information from other agencies. FERI includes six categories: cultural resource protection, ecological protection, exotic removal, hydrologic restoration/enhancement, upland restoration/enhancement, and wetland restoration/enhancement.
445:
landscape, altering it permanently. Significant effort was made to divert, drain, or redirect water through the creation of various types of waterways like canals or manmade lakes. Settlers also began cutting down forests, and converting the lands from natural to agricultural use. This intense and highly complex manipulation of the landscape caused problems for the native species of animals living there.
745:
336:
158:
1763:
651:), winter in Florida. The Red Knot stopover on the east coast enroute to the Caribbean. Migrating birds favor areas with dense hardwood forests. This habitat could indicate an abundance of resources. Protecting these forest habitats is necessary to protect these migrating birds. On Florida's East Coast, habitat loss caused by sea level rise,
444:
progressed, more and more
Europeans began to colonize the area. Once the technology to drain and redirect extensive areas of swampland presented itself, more settlers came to lay claims to acres of land for future development. These large influxes of people led to the mass manipulation of the Florida
757:
In 1998, the Office of
Ecosystem Management conducted the Florida Ecological Restoration Inventory (FERI). Using information gathered from the managers of state-owned lands, they assessed the restoration needs and created a comprehensive map including the urgency of each need. This became an online
688:
The DEP makes regulations and ensures they are followed. Besides administrative sections, an office of the
Inspector General conducts audits and investigations related to environmental protection. They are supported by law enforcement and policy compliance sectors. An office for siting coordination
453:
Supplying water poses problems for the natural environment. Bodies of water, including lakes, ponds, and wetlands, are drained to create homes or other facilities. Water can also be redirected to address population growth or economic development, which may compete with the needs of flora and fauna.
622:
is listed as endangered. The encroachment of highways and other man-made structures destroyed or diminished their natural habitats. They have trouble hunting the white-tailed deer, their main food, because of human disruptions. The panthers had to change their migration routes and acclimate to
520:
climate change, up from 55% in April 2020. However, the state remains politically divided: while
Democrats have reached a general consensus on the issue, only half of Republicans agree and support teaching about climate change in schools. Some communities in Florida have begun implementing
731:
Some programs from the other two categories also fall into this category, such as the Bureau of
Beaches and Coastal Systems, because they deal with the restoration aspect of a larger issue. However, some programs are exclusively within this category, such as the Wastewater Program and the
408:: Scrub consists of various sand pines, dwarf oaks, Florida rosemary, palmettos, and other evergreen and xerophytic plants on sandy, nutrient-poor soil. This ecosystem is prone to and maintained by infrequent wildfires. Scrub plants tend to have extensive root systems close to the surface.
770:
federal stimulus money to fund environmental programs across the state. Diesel emission reduction received 1.7 million dollars to provide electric power at rest stops so trucks do not have to idle and to retrofit school buses to make them more environmentally friendly. The state
715:), Green Lodging, and the Clean Marina program. The Front Porch Florida program helps neighborhoods retain/regain a sense of community. The Bureau of Beaches and Coastal Systems monitors Florida's beach environments and works with local initiatives and the
437:. These tribes led a mostly subsistence-based lifestyle, consisting of basic farming to provide enough food for one family. This way of living had minimal effects on the landscape, as most of the time only fertile areas of non-swamp land were utilized.
1521:
Lafleur, Jill M.; Buler, Jeffrey J.; Moore, Frank R. (2016-03-26). "Geographic position and landscape composition explain regional patterns of migrating landbird distributions during spring stopover along the northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico".
414:: Pine flatwoods are low, flat, sandy lands subject to fires during dry months, but that may flood for months due to seasonal rainfall. Pine needles contribute to nutrient-rich soil, so plant growth is often rapid, supporting cattle grazing.
573:). It hitched a ride in shipping containers. Only freezes and unusually cold winters limit their growth. They feed on native Florida tree frog populations." The frog is native to areas such as Cuba, Cayman Islands, and the Bahamas.
679:
is responsible for protecting
Florida's ecology. Its mission is to protect "our air, water, and land." It operates 41 programs managed as Regulatory Programs, Land and Recreation, and Water Policy and Ecosystem Restoration.
390:: They are often found in patches, surrounded by flatwoods and sandhills. Upland hardwood forests typically host diverse trees and shrubs, with no dominant species. Many Florida state parks encompass upland hardwood forests.
420:: This ecosystem includes many broad-leaved evergreens. These forests are restricted to South Florida because of hard freezes in the North. These areas are often preferred for development for their well-drained soils.
1124:
454:
Runoff of pesticides and fertilizers from farming, industry, and households damages ecosystems. Toxic chemical runoff and byproducts from decomposing materials and foods can contaminate water supplies.
396:: They consist of shallow, wet areas near lakes, rivers, and sinkholes, which makes them prone to flooding. Consists of primarily deciduous trees that grow in layers with shrubs and herbaceous plants.
154:. The winter and spring are significantly drier, often resulting in brushfires and strict no-fire laws. Snowfall has been recorded in northern Florida, and hard freezes have damaged orange groves.
550:
Introduced species from non-native environments, such as
Southeast Asia and South America thrived in Florida. Local and private groups formed to combat some invasive species. One example is
779:. Leaking Underground Storage Tanks got $ 11.2 million to clean up "orphan" petroleum storage tanks (abandoned tanks that have no party responsible for them). $ 750,000 went towards local
433:, forests, prairies, and the Everglades dominated Florida's landscape. Small rivers, swamps, and natural lakes and springs were ubiquitous. At the time, the area was inhabited by the
462:
Forests offer habitats for small and large animals, insects, small organisms like bacteria and fungi that feed on decomposing tree trunks, and harbor plants. They also store carbon.
1002:
284:
have been seen in the state, and it is home to an estimated 1,500 nesting pairs of bald eagles. Florida's diverse ecosystems are home to many types of insects, including the
711:
program and the Public Lands program. This includes the state park system and most
Florida's beaches. Separate entities deal with programs such as trails and greenways (
954:
639:) that spend summers in the eastern half of the U.S. fly through Florida to reach the Yucatán peninsula, the Caribbean islands, and South America. Birds crossing the
1132:
1256:
676:
366:. The system encompasses more than 6,000 individual reefs. Florida waters are home to over 500 marine fish and mammal species along with more than 45 species of
516:
Florida residents think climate change is happening at higher rates than the national average. As of March 2023, about two-thirds of the state believes in
1346:
1729:
488:
517:
1469:
Martell, Mark S.; Bierregaard, Richard O.; Washburn, Brian E.; Elliott, John E.; Henny, Charles J.; Kennedy, Robert S.; MacLeod, Iain (2014).
402:: This is a dry region with sandy soils that rarely floods. Fire periodically clears the underbrush and allows grasses and trees to dominate.
1778:
1097:
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441:
292:
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is the removal of trees to use the land for other purposes. "Florida has lost 22% of forests since 1953 (a loss of 1.6 million ha)."
656:
65:
43:
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387:
1753:
1154:
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1433:
733:
434:
238:
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1280:
346:(also known as the Great Florida Reef, Florida reefs, Florida Reef Tract and Florida Keys Reef Tract) is the only living
1074:"Human–environment interactions in South Florida's Everglades region: Systems of ecological degradation and restoration"
1392:"old world climbing fern: Lygodium microphyllum (Polypodiales: Lygodiaceae): Invasive Plant Atlas of the United States"
354:, is about 4 miles (6 to 7 km) wide and extends (along the 20 meter depth contour) 270 km (170 mi) from
720:
234:
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projects. The Clean Water State
Revolving Fund used $ 132.3 million to issue loans for communities to improve their
697:
701:
569:
526:
393:
296:
226:
161:
912:
1578:"Migration and Over-Wintering of Red Knots (Calidris canutus rufa) along the Atlantic Coast of the United States"
538:
534:
522:
484:
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417:
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Florida's mild climate, international ports of entry, and animal and nursery trades make the state vulnerable to
242:
135:
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83:
36:
30:
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556:. This vine can cover whole sections of a forest. The vine is native to Africa, Australia, and Southeast Asia
594:
586:
87:
47:
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systems. The Drinking Water State Revolving Fund got $ 88.1 million to issue community loans to upgrade
552:
264:
Florida is home to diverse wildlife. Over 700 species of land animals are found in the state, including
514:, because "the majority of its population and economy is concentrated along low-elevation oceanfront."
1204:
825:
719:
to protect and restore beaches. It also is responsible for disaster response initiatives, such as the
1531:
193:
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to the east. In addition to its coastal habitats, Florida has a variety of wetland habitats, such as
131:
111:
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151:
139:
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1323:"March 2023 Results : Florida Atlantic University - Center for Environmental Studies"
780:
776:
652:
619:
582:
285:
257:
205:
201:
1257:"Florida is climate change 'ground zero.' But it lacks buzz ahead of presidential debate"
968:
1535:
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792:
640:
511:
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varies across the state due to its polar orientation and 447-mile length. From central
631:
Many birds migrate between the US and South America or the Caribbean through Florida.
1772:
1559:
598:
463:
405:
142:. The end of spring to mid-fall is characterized by a significant rainy season, with
1611:
1504:
581:
Florida has some 33 animals and 43 plant species rated endangered. They include the
1209:
744:
371:
367:
351:
343:
328:
147:
1714:
Myers, R. L., Ewel, J.J., Florida Studies Collection., & Myers, R. L. (1990).
1322:
869:
335:
1625:
1301:
788:
784:
503:
359:
173:
1626:"16 U.S. Code § 703 - Taking, killing, or possessing migratory birds unlawful"
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602:
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The biggest coral reef in the continental U.S. is dissolving into the ocean
1413:"WEC218/UW259: The Cuban Treefrog (Osteopilus septentrionalis) in Florida"
339:
Three-dimensional map of southern Florida showing the Florida Reef in red.
736:. The Springs, Water, and Wetlands programs all fall into this category.
644:
399:
1758:
1302:"April 2020 Results : Florida Climate Resilience Survey April 2020"
1125:"Editorial: Gov. Scott's Irma leadership undercut by his climate denial"
1052:
1018:"Florida's Coral Reef | Florida Department of Environmental Protection"
350:
in the continental United States. It lies a few miles seaward of the
308:
273:
157:
127:
983:"Wildlife Viewing | Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission"
632:
525:
approaches; however, statewide initiatives have been hampered by the
265:
110:, climate, landforms, soil types, flora, and fauna, forming a global
1670:
659:
made the "taking, killing, or possessing migratory birds unlawful".
1370:
315:
through land being converted to agriculture and urban development.
743:
696:
661:
558:
251:
197:
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77:
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1412:
1180:"Spending Earth Day at Ground Zero for Climate Change In America"
767:
323:
Florida's waters support more than 200 freshwater fish species.
189:
707:
The DEP is responsible for state-owned land, divided into the
277:
15:
982:
955:"Stories in Florida | Slowing the Spread of Invasive Species"
168:
Florida is surrounded on three sides by bodies of water: the
1347:"Florida's statewide climate change response ignores cause"
98:
considers the state's two Level I and three Level II/III
1454:
Lincoln, Frederic C. (1935). Zimmerman, John L. (ed.).
766:
The DEP has initiated the Recovery Program, which uses
1471:"The Spring Migration of Adult North American Ospreys"
643:
stop in Florida to feed and rest. Species such as the
1155:"Climate Change Showdown in Florida Governor's Race"
689:
regulates the power grid and natural gas pipelines.
567:
One invasive animal species is the Cuban tree frog (
1722:
Love bugs introduced species, University of Florida
1123:The Palm Beach Post Editorial Board (2017-09-08).
495:, and are concerned about the possibility of more
655:, and development threaten migratory routes. The
295:; those that currently pose a threat include the
1458:(1998 ed.). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
841:"Florida Declared a Global Biodiversity Hotspot"
489:man-made increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide
913:"The Everglades | National Wildlife Federation"
892:"Florida Nature: Forests, Seashores, Preserves"
1727:Effects of the BP oil spill on Florida beaches
677:Florida Department of Environmental Protection
260:, taken in Payne's Prairie State Park, Florida
1718:Orlando: University of Central Florida Press.
1371:"Home - Florida Invasive Species Partnership"
1232:"Florida is 'Ground Zero' for sea level rise"
383:Florida has many types of forest ecosystems.
8:
1053:"UF-SFRC : 4-H : Forest Resources"
288:, a butterfly native to Florida grasslands.
86:from the bridge over Intracoastal Waterway.
502:The state has been described as America's "
1692:"Florida Ecological Restoration Inventory"
775:program received $ 61 million to clean up
605:, Small's milk pea, and the water-willow.
563:Old World fern taking over a forested area
212:, a two-million acre subtropical wetland.
1593:
1486:
1281:"U.S. Public Views on Climate and Energy"
66:Learn how and when to remove this message
753:Florida Ecological Restoration Inventory
491:. Floridians are experiencing increased
334:
311:. Native wildlife is also threatened by
29:This article includes a list of general
1283:. Pew Research Center. 25 November 2019
1047:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1037:
803:
1571:
1569:
1516:
1514:
727:Water policy and ecosystem restoration
623:smaller hunting and breeding grounds.
1576:Florida, University of South (2012).
442:European colonization of the Americas
7:
1394:. Invasiveplantatlas.org. 2015-05-15
1178:Grunwald, Michael (April 22, 2014).
985:. Floridasmart.com. 26 November 2023
713:Florida Ecological Greenways Network
497:frequent or more intense hurricanes
1373:. Floridainvasives.org. 2015-09-23
1304:. Center for Environmental Studies
1230:Urdaneta, Diego (April 22, 2014).
969:"Landscope Florida | Habitat Loss"
529:in the United States, focusing on
164:, an area attracting many tourists
35:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
1630:LII / Legal Information Institute
200:. Florida's largest river is the
134:border, the climate is generally
102:containing more than 80 distinct
1205:"Ground Zero for climate change"
1153:Bagley, Katharine (2014-03-13).
597:. Endangered plants include the
527:politicization of climate change
475:This section is an excerpt from
327:This section is an excerpt from
20:
734:Everglades Restoration program
493:flooding due to sea level rise
1:
1694:. Dep.state.fl.us. 2011-10-24
1203:Editorials (August 1, 2015).
812:"Ecoregions of North America"
239:List of amphibians of Florida
1779:Ecology of the United States
138:, while South Florida has a
721:Deepwater Horizon oil spill
435:Florida's indigenous tribes
235:List of reptiles of Florida
90:on left, mangroves on right
1800:
1475:Journal of Raptor Research
1098:"Deforestation in Florida"
1055:. Sfrc.ufl.edu. 2013-02-20
826:"Ecosystems & Species"
702:Manatee Springs State Park
666:Image of a Florida panther
570:Osteopilus septentrionalis
546:Introduced fauna and flora
474:
326:
227:List of mammals of Florida
224:
204:. Florida's largest lake,
1544:10.1007/s10980-016-0354-1
657:Migratory Bird Treaty Act
523:climate change mitigation
485:climate change in Florida
477:Climate change in Florida
418:Tropical hardwood hammock
243:List of fishes of Florida
1595:10.1525/cond.2012.110077
866:"Florida Climate Center"
839:Kotala, Zenaida (2016).
231:List of birds of Florida
1749:Biologicaldiversity.org
1650:"Florida's Environment"
1079:. Carmelacanzonieri.com
723:beach cleanup efforts.
717:Army Corps of Engineers
595:red-cockaded woodpecker
533:rather than full scale
50:more precise citations.
1784:Environment of Florida
1488:10.3356/jrr-14-00035.1
749:
704:
667:
587:leatherback sea turtle
564:
506:" for climate change,
340:
261:
176:to the south, and the
165:
91:
88:Indian Shores, Florida
1716:Ecosystem of Florida.
1673:. Florida State Parks
1671:"Florida State Parks"
957:. September 30, 2022.
747:
700:
665:
649:Calidris canutus rufa
562:
553:Lygodium microphyllum
362:to just south of the
338:
255:
160:
81:
1007:Accessed May 6, 2016
487:are attributable to
394:Bottomland hardwoods
282:500 species of birds
112:biodiversity hotspot
1652:. Floridaplants.com
1536:2016LaEco..31.1697L
1415:. Edis.ifas.ufl.edu
1261:The Palm Beach Post
1129:The Palm Beach Post
971:. 26 November 2023.
943:. 26 November 2023.
929:. 26 November 2023.
915:. 26 November 2023.
872:on October 17, 2011
828:. 26 November 2023.
748:Florida Locator Map
709:Florida State Parks
693:Land and recreation
684:Regulatory programs
591:West Indian manatee
118:Abiotic environment
1732:2015-09-27 at the
1456:Migration of Birds
1436:. Earthjustice.org
1159:InsideClimate News
894:. Floridasmart.com
750:
705:
668:
609:Migration patterns
577:Endangered species
565:
440:Over time, as the
370:and 35 species of
348:coral barrier reef
341:
262:
216:Biotic environment
210:Florida Everglades
166:
124:climate of Florida
96:ecology of Florida
92:
1524:Landscape Ecology
1434:"Florida Panther"
941:"Florida Insects"
637:Pandion haliaetus
431:pre-Columbian era
208:, flows into the
162:Ponte Vedra Beach
152:tropical cyclones
136:humid subtropical
106:. They differ in
82:Looking north on
76:
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795:infrastructure.
762:Recovery Program
388:Upland hardwoods
293:invasive species
140:tropical climate
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814:. July 5, 2023.
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777:hazardous waste
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627:Migratory birds
620:Florida panther
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483:The effects of
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206:Lake Okeechobee
202:St. Johns River
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1210:Miami Herald
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368:stony corals
352:Florida Keys
344:Florida Reef
329:Florida Reef
322:
313:habitat loss
290:
263:
167:
121:
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62:
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1759:Ces.fau.edu
1108:November 2,
876:November 2,
850:December 5,
599:bell-flower
504:ground zero
360:Soldier Key
356:Fowey Rocks
248:Terrestrial
174:Florida Bay
48:introducing
1773:Categories
1764:Nature.org
1698:2015-09-27
1677:2015-09-27
1656:2015-09-27
1635:2018-11-26
1582:The Condor
1440:2015-09-27
1419:2015-09-27
1398:2015-09-27
1377:2015-09-27
1356:2023-06-17
1332:2023-06-17
1308:2021-02-08
1287:2021-02-08
1266:2020-02-26
1241:2020-02-26
1216:2020-02-26
1189:2020-02-26
1164:2020-02-15
1139:2020-02-15
1083:2015-09-27
1059:2015-09-27
1027:2024-07-15
989:2015-09-27
898:2015-09-27
799:References
789:stormwater
785:wastewater
603:scrub plum
593:, and the
539:adaptation
535:mitigation
531:resilience
372:octocorals
305:feral pigs
270:armadillos
225:See also:
144:hurricanes
104:ecosystems
100:ecoregions
31:references
1604:0010-5422
1560:254751490
1552:0921-2973
1497:0892-1016
845:UCF Today
773:Superfund
412:Flatwoods
400:Sandhills
301:cane toad
186:swampland
182:marshland
108:hydrology
56:July 2024
1754:Nrdc.org
1730:Archived
1612:86365747
1505:83726742
1236:phys.org
645:Red Knot
614:Panthers
309:lionfish
274:opossums
1739:Uen.org
1532:Bibcode
633:Ospreys
429:In the
266:bobcats
194:springs
132:Georgia
130:to the
128:Florida
44:improve
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740:Status
589:, the
585:, the
319:Marine
307:, and
276:, and
241:, and
198:rivers
196:, and
150:, and
33:, but
1608:S2CID
1556:S2CID
1501:S2CID
1077:(PDF)
449:Water
406:Scrub
278:foxes
221:Fauna
190:lakes
1600:ISSN
1548:ISSN
1493:ISSN
1184:Time
1110:2011
878:2011
852:2018
787:and
768:ARAA
675:The
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