359:
27:
371:
395:
383:
212:. This makes radio-controlled timing possible in remote areas that are not serviced by land based radio time signal stations. In 2012 Citizen announced the Eco-Drive RING Concept Model. This watch features a ring-shaped solar cell surrounding the watch case sidewall. In 2018 Citizen announced it developed the Caliber 0100 Eco-Drive prototype autonomous high-accuracy quartz watch movement which is claimed to be accurate to ± 1 second per year. Key elements to obtain the high claimed accuracy are applying a for a watch unusual shaped (
61:
42:
69:
347:
314:
state the rechargeable/secondary batteries will last up to 40 years and that it is highly unusual for these batteries to fail. These rechargeable/secondary batteries last significantly longer than a typical quartz-watch battery, but when stored, attention must be given to keep the rechargeable/secondary batteries in Eco-Drive watches sufficiently energized to ensure a long-lasting correctly functioning movement.
228:
result, errors caused by spatial orientation and positioning become less of a concern. The
Caliber 0100 movement in 2018 was not available for sale to the public, the technology inside the movement will be introduced in future models. In March 2019 three limited edition wrist watch models with the Caliber 0100 movement were announced to become available for sale with deliveries expected around the 2019 fall.
124:. By locating a sufficiently translucent dial material over the now more efficient solar cells, enough light could pass through the dial face to power the movement. Though the Eco-Drive caliber 7878 movement solar cells remained slightly visible through the dial, the physical styling of the light-powered watch was no longer constrained by visible solar cells.
134:. This battery type became available in the early 1990s, enabling an Eco-Drive 7878 movement to run 180 days on secondary power before requiring recharging via light exposure – a marked improvement in energy storage over previous light-powered watches. The movement also featured an "insufficient recharging" indicator. The accuracy of the
304:
powered watch, the
Citizen Promaster Eco-Duo Drive (released in December 1998). Novel to this watch was the use of both mechanical power as well as a solar cell to power the electronic movement and charge the secondary power cell. This model was an attempt to enter higher-priced markets (at a cost of
273:
Depending on the electronic movement, a fully charged secondary power cell could run with no further charging from 30 days to 3,175 days (8.7 years), though most Eco-Drive men's watch models offer a six-month power reserve. If kept from light for an extended period, some Eco-Drive movement models can
291:
that powers the electronic movement and charges the secondary power cell. In the sun or in the tropics the ambient temperature can come close to or exceed the temperature of the wearer's wrist causing the watch to stop generating thermo electricity. In case no power is generated, an Eco-Drive Thermo
203:
Since 2009, Citizen has developed Eco-Drive
Concept Models as technology demonstration and marketing tools. These Eco-Drive Concept Models are generally shown at exhibitions and produced in limited editions. The Concept Model 2011 was the Eco-Drive SATELLITE WAVE that has a movement that can receive
330:
exchange every 2 or 3 years to preserve their water resistance because watch gaskets, which form a watertight seal, degrade as they age. Further, Citizen recommends maintenance for Eco-Drive watch movements in regular intervals in order to extend the life of the watch movement, since the gears used
313:
According to
Citizen, experimental data showed the solar cell and secondary battery will last for more than 10 years. According to Citizen Europe, laboratory tests showed that after 20 years the secondary battery retains a power storage capacity of 80% of its initial capacity. Newer Citizen claims
181:
In the early 2000s, while wristwatch sales declined with the advent of cell phones and their timekeeping capability, demand for
Citizen watches in North America remained robust. Eco-Drive models were well received, generating a third of Citizen's North American revenues by 2000. In 2002 the VITRO
227:
frequency, thermal compensation and hand selecting pre-aged crystals. Besides that AT-cut variations allow for greater temperature tolerances, specifically in the range of −40 to 125 °C (−40 to 257 °F), they exhibit reduced deviations caused by gravitational orientation changes. As a
186:
with the 2002 Eco-Drive line. Later specialized tool watch designs were introduced like the
Promaster Eco-Drive Professional Diver 1000M Titanium BN7020-09E in 2017. This is a very large watch, the titanium watch case has a diameter of 52.2 mm and thickness of 22 mm and features a
274:
hibernate, where the hands of the watch stop and the internal quartz movement continues to track the correct time. When subsequently exposed to sufficient light, the hands move automatically (without human intervention) to the proper positions and resume regular timekeeping.
97:
The Eco-Drive concept introduced several technical refinements over previous solar powered watches, including light-capturing cells that could be made virtually invisible behind the dial instead of highly conspicuous, enhancing the appearance of the watch.
182:
technology (Eco-Drive VITRO) came on the market, where the solar cells were no longer even slightly visible under the dial. During the mid-2000s, wristwatch sales improved for
Citizen thanks to further development of the Eco-Drive line and integration of
358:
115:
could be mounted under the dial. Previous light powered watches from
Citizen and other manufacturers had the solar cell(s) mounted directly on the dial. This innovation was enabled by marked improvements in thin film
161:
Where the first models offered hours, minutes, seconds and date features, ultimately the movements evolved to include a broad range of design features, including complex analog and digital-analog movements and the
465:
282:
Citizen Eco-Drive Thermo watches were introduced in 1999 and use the temperature difference between the wearer's arm and the surrounding environment as a power source. The rare Eco-Drive Thermo watches use the
370:
37:
manufactured in 2000. The 7878 caliber Eco-Drive movement used in this watch can run for up to 180 days on its secondary power cell. Four solar cell segments are just visible under the dial.
292:
movement will save power by moving the second hand in ten second increments until the production of thermo electricity is resumed. Citizen has stopped making Eco-Drive Thermo watches.
795:
394:
26:
111:
The technical platform that made the Eco-Drive concept possible was the Eco-Drive caliber 7878 movement. This movement was the first light-powered movement where the
236:
According to
Citizen, by 2011 80% of their wristwatches featured Eco-Drive, and the company saw Eco-Drive type watches as the focus of new generations of watches.
382:
146:
In addition to the first three Eco-Drive models introduced in 1995, Citizen marketed numerous other Eco-Drive models during the 1990s, including the 6.05
335:
for Long-Lasting
Precision Equipment are used in watches, timepiece movements remain smooth for a long time as the oil does not harden even after 20 years.
305:
around US$ 1,000). The Eco-Duo Drive technology failed to attract consumer interest and Citizen has since stopped making use of the unique movement.
566:
687:
64:
Citizen Eco-Drive METAL AW1365-19P featuring a light-absorbing "solar ring" instead of solar cell panels, allowing opaque metal dials to be used.
724:
520:
346:
799:
435:
72:
Example of the invisible solar cells thanks to VITRO technology, using the CB0021-06E radio-controlled watch model (from 2011 to 2018).
508:
545:
Citizen Promaster Eco-Drive Professional Diver 1000M Titanium BN7020-09E Solarzilla - The Ultimate Tool Watch, A Review (plus Video)
20:
654:
820:
938:
91:. As of 2007, the company estimated the drive system had eliminated the disposal of ten million batteries in North America.
709:
94:
Citizen introduced the Eco-Drive line to Asia, Latin America, and Europe in 1995 and to the United States in April, 1996.
865:
677:
CITIZEN unveils world’s most accurate Cal.0100 Eco-Drive movement with annual accuracy ±1 second at BASELWORLD 2018
138:
was stated as within ± 20 seconds per month at a normal temperature range of 5 to 40 °C (41 to 104 °F).
205:
253:
60:
621:
544:
163:
41:
916:
665:
643:
121:
676:
323:
256:
188:
131:
755:
610:
889:
688:
Baselworld 2019 Citizen Unveils its New Eco-Drive Caliber 0100 with +/- 1 Second Per Year Precision
416:
239:
In 2012 Citizen offered over 320 Eco-Drive watch models in various types, styles and price ranges.
171:
128:
88:
731:
698:
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524:
213:
577:
632:
877:
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288:
260:
192:
117:
943:
443:
301:
84:
45:
30:
555:
68:
783:
284:
932:
209:
923:
830:
482:
331:
in running watch movements are subject to slow wear. Citizen states that when their
175:
135:
34:
487:
183:
167:
53:
49:
567:
Solarzilla: Reviewing the Citizen Promaster Eco-Drive Professional Diver 1000M
267:
147:
112:
644:
Citizen Unveils Cal.0100 Eco-Drive Movement With Annual Accuracy Of ±1 Second
853:
599:
332:
270:. Light passes through the crystal and dial before reaching the photocell.
263:
556:
Hands-On With The Mighty Citizen Promaster Professional Diver’s 1000M
327:
400:
Citizen Eco-Drive JY8034-58E Navihawk A-T analog-digital chronograph
120:
solar cells, which by the early 1990s had become significantly more
466:"Celebrating 30 Years Of Environmentally-Conscious Watch Making -"
411:
127:
To store electrical energy the first Eco-Drive movements employed
80:
67:
59:
40:
25:
151:
655:
Is The Citizen Caliber 0100 The World’s Most Accurate Watch?
56:(North America, Europe, China, Japan). Manufactured in 2010.
763:
784:
Loading properties of Eco-Drive watch movements (German)
326:
and diving Eco-Drive watches Citizen recommends a watch
252:
Most Eco-Drive type watches are equipped with a special
352:
Citizen Eco-Drive Marinaut Titanium Sapphire BM1290-54L
19:
This article is about watches. For "eco-driving", see
376:
Citizen Promaster Eco-Drive BJ8050-08E Diver's 300 m
364:
Citizen Promaster Eco-Drive BN0000-04H Diver's 300 m
666:
Crystal Units / Crystal Oscillators Technical Guide
849:
847:
309:Solar cell and secondary battery life expectancy
388:Citizen Eco-Drive Titanium Sapphire AT1100-55F
509:Instruction manual for caliber 7878 movements
8:
878:FREQUENLY ASKED QUESTIONS CITIZEN ECO-DRIVE
854:Citizen Service & Support FAQ Eco_Drive
611:2011 Eco-Drive SATELLITE WAVE Concept Model
477:
475:
48:Attesa Eco-Drive ATV53-3023 analog-digital
719:
717:
427:
342:
83:manufactured and marketed worldwide by
798:. Pmwf.com. 2004-02-13. Archived from
278:Temperature difference as power source
589:Eco-Drive: Innovations for the Future
7:
699:Eco-Drive is designed for the Future
132:rechargeable or secondary batteries
216:) quartz crystal operated at 2 or
14:
756:"History of the Solar Wristwatch"
633:2012 Eco-Drive RING Concept Model
622:2012 Eco-Drive RING Concept Model
21:Fuel economy-maximizing behaviors
16:Model range of watches by Citizen
796:"Citizen Eco-Drive Thermo watch"
393:
381:
369:
357:
345:
521:"Eco-Drive History (1995-2009)"
33:Promaster Eco-Drive AP0440-14F
1:
468:. CSRwire.com, Mar 06, 2007.
206:time synchronization signals
864:Citizen Watch Europe GmbH:
821:"History of CSR Activities"
523:(in German). Archived from
483:"Citizen Holdings Co., Ltd"
960:
924:Citizen Holdings Co., Ltd.
296:Hybrid Eco-Drive movements
54:Radio Controlled reception
18:
440:Citizen Watches Australia
436:"Eco-Drive METAL Watches"
191:, designed for mixed gas
164:horological complications
868:(German) (archived 2007)
199:Eco-Drive Concept Models
600:Eco-Drive Concept Model
578:Citizen BASELWORLD 2012
184:radio-controlled timing
87:, powered primarily by
85:Citizen Watch Co., Ltd.
890:"Products for CITIZEN"
725:"EcoComp-pf06a_h01-04"
710:CITIZEN Eco-Drive site
300:Citizen also built an
73:
65:
57:
38:
939:Solar-powered devices
866:ECO-DRIVE Technologie
248:Light as power source
71:
63:
44:
29:
254:titanium lithium ion
243:Eco-Drive technology
189:helium release valve
172:flyback chronographs
129:titanium lithium-ion
79:is a model range of
417:Solar powered watch
266:located behind the
289:thermo electricity
142:Commercial history
74:
66:
58:
39:
826:Citizen Watch Co.
261:amorphous silicon
257:secondary battery
195:at great depths.
193:saturation diving
118:amorphous silicon
107:Eco-Drive concept
951:
920:
919:
917:Official website
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762:. Archived from
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730:. Archived from
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469:
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442:. Archived from
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302:automatic quartz
226:
224:
221:
959:
958:
954:
953:
952:
950:
949:
948:
929:
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915:
914:
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859:
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845:
836:
834:
819:
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778:
769:
767:
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749:
740:
738:
734:
727:
723:
722:
715:
708:
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697:
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675:
671:
664:
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649:
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638:
631:
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609:
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583:
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554:
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539:
530:
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519:
518:
514:
507:
503:
494:
492:
481:
480:
473:
464:
463:
459:
449:
447:
446:on 18 July 2014
434:
433:
429:
425:
408:
401:
398:
389:
386:
377:
374:
365:
362:
353:
350:
341:
324:water resistant
320:
311:
298:
280:
250:
245:
234:
222:
219:
217:
201:
144:
136:quartz movement
109:
104:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
957:
955:
947:
946:
941:
931:
930:
927:
926:
921:
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909:External links
907:
905:
904:
881:
870:
857:
843:
829:Archived from
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776:
747:
713:
702:
691:
680:
669:
658:
647:
636:
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614:
603:
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512:
501:
471:
457:
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319:
316:
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297:
294:
285:Seebeck effect
279:
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259:charged by an
249:
246:
244:
241:
233:
232:Recent history
230:
210:GPS satellites
200:
197:
156:Eco-Drive Slim
143:
140:
108:
105:
103:
100:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
956:
945:
942:
940:
937:
936:
934:
925:
922:
918:
913:
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908:
891:
885:
882:
879:
874:
871:
867:
861:
858:
855:
850:
848:
844:
833:on 2007-02-23
832:
828:
827:
822:
816:
813:
802:on 2009-08-08
801:
797:
791:
788:
785:
780:
777:
766:on 2007-08-12
765:
761:
757:
751:
748:
737:on 2007-09-29
733:
726:
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718:
714:
711:
706:
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695:
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678:
673:
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582:
579:
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541:
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527:on 2012-07-07
526:
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467:
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62:
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47:
43:
36:
35:Diver's 200 m
32:
28:
22:
896:. Retrieved
884:
873:
860:
835:. Retrieved
831:the original
824:
815:
804:. Retrieved
800:the original
790:
779:
768:. Retrieved
764:the original
759:
750:
739:. Retrieved
732:the original
705:
694:
683:
672:
661:
650:
639:
628:
617:
606:
595:
584:
573:
562:
551:
540:
529:. Retrieved
525:the original
515:
504:
493:. Retrieved
491:. March 2011
486:
460:
448:. Retrieved
444:the original
439:
430:
321:
312:
299:
287:to generate
281:
272:
251:
238:
235:
202:
180:
176:dive watches
168:chronographs
160:
155:
150:(0.238
145:
126:
110:
96:
93:
76:
75:
52:with 4 area
488:Answers.com
450:12 February
318:Maintenance
113:solar cells
50:chronograph
933:Categories
898:2009-08-22
837:2007-01-18
806:2009-08-22
770:2007-01-17
760:Soluhr.com
741:2009-08-22
531:2012-06-09
495:2012-04-22
423:References
333:lubricants
264:photocell
158:of 1996.
122:efficient
77:Eco-Drive
406:See also
225: Hz
154:) thick
944:Watches
339:Gallery
102:History
81:watches
46:Citizen
31:Citizen
328:gasket
214:AT-cut
893:(PDF)
735:(PDF)
728:(PDF)
412:Watch
208:from
89:light
452:2015
322:For
268:dial
174:and
223:608
220:388
166:of
935::
846:^
823:.
758:.
716:^
485:.
474:^
438:.
178:.
170:,
152:in
148:mm
901:.
840:.
809:.
773:.
744:.
534:.
498:.
454:.
218:8
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
