717:
substantially all schools, whether they are ânon-dualistâ (monistic) or âdualistâ (Western: pluralistic) in theory. Realization is experience of the consciousness of God or the highest reality â whether it be absolute absorption (as in samadhi, nirvana, or moksa) or intense love (as in bhakti). It is intuitive and superrational rather than irrational. This experience is usually conceived as liberation from karma â from the sense world and the round of birth and death and results in an ineffably higher plane of living. Even a religion without God (like some forms of
Buddhism) seeks this highest perfection. Since such realization is on an entirely different level from ordinary experience, it is a goal of philosophy on the one hand to recognize the nature of ordinary experience with its subjective psychological traits analyzed with fine perception from Patafijali on â and the relations of the human subject to the objective world of nature. But it is more important to achieve the goal of understanding how the highest level of experience transcends the ordinary distinction between subject and object. A rough analogy may be traced in the thought of Whitehead, who finds prehensive feelings in all actual occasions to be more fundamental and important than âpresentational immediacyâ ⌠â (Philosophy East and West, January 1952).
486:. It seems to be an experience, the lack of which life becomes dull and meaninglessâ (Papers 1:415â416); in his application to the PhD program in systematic theology at Boston University King had noted, âmy thinking in philosophical areas has been greatly influenced by some of the faculty members there, particularly Dr. Brightmanâ (Papers 1:390). Brightman's influence is also reflected in King's philosophy of Nonviolence, most markedly in the sixth and most fundamental principle of King's philosophy of Nonviolence, "The arc of the moral universe is long, but it bends toward justice" (the restatement of a metaphysical and ethical position articulated earlier by the Unitarian minister and abolitionist Theodore Parker (1810 - 1860)).
446:. For Brightman God is a self-limited being whose good will though perfect is constrained by God's own nature. There is a dynamic relationship between God and the world that grows and develops, or is in process. In Brightman's thought God's purposes intend good for the world, yet pain and suffering occur. He did not argue for God having unlimited power over evil and suffering, but rather maintained that through the processes of the world and history evil will be overcome. In effect, God uses the tragedies of the creation as instruments that enable the world to reach its final goal.
365:. Wellhausen, and those who built on his theories, argued that the first five books of the Bible (the Pentateuch) were a composite creation drawing on four original sources and edited into their final form in the fourth century BC. These conclusions ran counter to the traditional Jewish and Christian position that Moses received the Pentateuch from God, with little if any further modification. Brightman was attacked for his pro-Wellhausian views by conservative and
474:
The language of super consciousness may be used, but that is not to convey the idea of a stage that is absolutely unconscious. On the contrary it always refers to sat-chit-ananda, a combination of being, knowledge, and bliss, which utterly transcends ordinary consciousness, yet is itself consciousness of the highest possible kind. This, of course, is what
Western personalists and theists mean by divine personality.â
716:
Brightman writes: âThe first and primary goal of
Eastern philosophy, that of darsana (intuitive ârealizationâ), reveals its kinship with religion â a kinship closer than that of most Western philosophy with the religion of its culture. Realization is not the goal of one school of thought only, but of
473:
for
Akhilananda: âDr. Brightman had a deep and personal appreciation and affection for the gifted leader of the Ramakrishna Mission in Boston.â And as Brightman himself went on to conclude (1952), âmystical experience and the God realized in that experience are of the highest possible consciousness.
481:
as King pursued his PhD at Boston
University in the early 1950s. (Following Brightman's death, DeWolf, who had himself received his 1935 PhD in philosophy studying under Brightman, became King's dissertation adviser and another key influence on King's theological and philosophical thinking). King
299:
from which he graduated with a BA degree in 1907, and then with an MA degree in 1908. He then proceeded to Boston
University where he was awarded the Bachelor of Sacred Theology degree in 1910, followed by a PhD in 1912. He undertook further studies in
461:. Indeed, Hartshorne and Brightman maintained a lengthy and lively correspondence on these matters for a period of some twenty three years. Another important (yet in this case almost entirely overlooked) influence on Brightmanâs later thinking was
42:
824:
Joseph R. Shive, "The
Meaning of Individuality: A Comparative Study of Alfred North Whitehead, Bordern Parker Bowne and Edgar Sheffield Brightman," Unpublished Dissertation, University of Chicago, 1961.
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878:
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Brightman was an advocate of Bowne's position on personality, and those who gathered around both Bowne's and
Brightman's writings became known as a movement called
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from 1915 to 1919. Finally, he moved to Boston
University in 1919 and taught philosophy there until he died on February 25, 1953. From 1925 to 1953 he occupied the
392:(1847â1910). Bowne, who was a Methodist philosopher, emphasized the importance of personality and self-image, and encapsulated his ideas in the expression "
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that
Brightman drew upon had developed in Nineteenth Century German Biblical studies and had received their definitive form in the writings of
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in understanding reality, and upheld the role of human free will. In many ways Bowne's work on personality anticipated some of the views of
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In addition to building on Bowne's position, Brightman is credited with developing a metaphysical view in the philosophy of religion called
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studies concerning the identification of sub-sources and sub-documents within the first six books of the Bible (the Hexateuch). The
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Elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1928, Brightman served as president of the Eastern Division of the
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Brightman was born on September 20, 1884, in Holbrook, Massachusetts, the only child of a Methodist pastor. He studied at
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Brightman's views about the growing and developing relationship between God and the world has strong affinities with
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stated: âHow I long now for that religious experience which Dr. Brightman so cogently speaks of throughout his book
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Wesleyan University between 1912 and 1915. He then took up a post as lecturer in ethics and religion at the
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of time and space. Bowne's emphasis on personality led to his philosophical views being known by the term
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396:". By this Bowne meant that there was an existent reality beyond mere human sensory
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800:, ed. "Personalism Revisited: Its Proponents and Critics" (Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2002)
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Hartshorne and Brightman on God, Process, and Persons: The Correspondence 1922â1945
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254:(September 20, 1884 – February 25, 1953) was an American philosopher and
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In his involvement with the Methodist Church in America, Brightman joined the
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Personalism in Theology: A Symposium in Honor of Albert Cornelius Knudson
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376:. He also supported conscientious objectors in war, was a member of the
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Studies in Personalism: Selected Writings of Edgar Sheffield Brightman
78:
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Brightman, Edgar Sheffield (1884-1953) : Election: 1928, Fellow
431:. In Brightman's system of thought the human self is the dominant
330:
Brightman was a professional philosopher who taught the subject at
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388:
Brightman's philosophical views were influenced by the thought of
514:, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1925)
435:
reality. His philosophical method in argument is known as
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One of his earliest publications reflected the findings of
814:(Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing, 1952).
599:; edited by Warren Steinkraus (Utica: Meridian, 1987)
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A History of Philosophy, Vol. 8: Bentham to Russell
821:(Washington: Catholic University of America, 1936).
380:, and also the Committee on Peace through Justice.
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706:. Boston, MA: Boston University. 1927. p. 28.
315:While at Brown, Brightman became a brother of the
838:(Garden City: Doubleday, 1967), chapters 11-13.
790:(Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press, 2001).
904:Presidents of the American Academy of Religion
322:He was ordained a Methodist minister in 1912.
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879:Boston University School of Theology alumni
756:The Philosophy of Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
270:, and promulgated the philosophy known as
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649:"APA Divisional Presidents and Addresses"
819:The Theism of Edgar Sheffield Brightman
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593:(Boston: Boston University Press, 1943)
586:(Boston: Boston University Press, 1952)
812:A Philosophy of the Christian Religion
477:Brightman was a teacher and mentor to
374:Methodist Federation for Social Action
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580:(New York: Abingdon-Cokesbury, 1945)
574:(New York: Abingdon-Cokesbury, 1942)
508:Immortality in Post-Kantian Idealism
469:noted in his contribution to a 1972
732:. Cape Cod, Mass., C. Stark. 1974.
544:(New York: Association Press, 1932)
27:American philosopher and theologian
281:American Philosophical Association
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869:20th-century Methodist ministers
400:. He held to the importance of
568:(New York: Prentice-Hall, 1940)
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845:(Waco: Word Publishing, 1973).
378:American Civil Liberties Union
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753:Schilpp, Paul Arthur (1992).
618:"Book of Members 1780 - 2017"
369:Methodists, and blacklisted.
909:University of Marburg alumni
786:and Mark Y. A. Davies, eds.
674:"Past presidents of the AAR"
496:The Sources of the Hexateuch
285:American Academy of Religion
161:Nebraska Wesleyan University
914:Wesleyan University faculty
465:. As Brightmanâs colleague
262:tradition, associated with
75:February 25, 1953 (aged 68)
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562:(New York: Abingdon, 1937)
560:The Future of Christianity
556:(New York: Abingdon, 1934)
550:(New York: Abingdon, 1933)
538:(New York: Abingdon, 1931)
532:(New York: Abingdon, 1930)
520:(New York: Abingdon, 1925)
502:Introduction to Philosophy
498:(New York: Abingdon, 1918)
874:American Methodist clergy
526:(New York: H. Holt, 1928)
504:(New York: H. Holt, 1925)
394:transcendental empiricism
252:Edgar Sheffield Brightman
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53:Edgar Sheffield Brightman
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829:Philosophical background
566:A Philosophy of Religion
554:Personality and Religion
484:A Philosophy of Religion
291:Early life and education
884:Brown University alumni
312:between 1901 and 1910.
227:Transcendent empiricism
136:Contemporary philosophy
894:Methodist philosophers
479:Martin Luther King Jr.
455:Alfred North Whitehead
359:Documentary Hypothesis
197:Martin Luther King Jr.
899:Methodist theologians
834:Frederick Copleston,
817:James John McLarney,
810:Edward John Carnell,
346:chair of Philosophy.
524:Philosophy of Ideals
384:Philosophical stance
306:University of Berlin
104:University of Berlin
729:Spiritual practices
437:rational empiricism
412:'s findings on the
390:Borden Parker Bowne
344:Borden Parker Bowne
336:Wesleyan University
232:rational empiricism
166:Wesleyan University
81:, Massachusetts, US
843:Charles Hartshorne
684:on August 12, 2018
584:Persons and Values
572:The Spiritual Life
536:The Finding of God
459:Charles Hartshorne
451:process philosophy
428:Boston personalism
310:Marburg University
287:in 1942 and 1943.
273:Boston personalism
258:theologian in the
148:Boston personalism
126:Western philosophy
109:Marburg University
56:September 20, 1884
34:Edgar S. Brightman
578:Nature and Values
512:Ingersoll Lecture
444:finitistic theism
363:Julius Wellhausen
264:Boston University
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518:Religious Values
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187:L. Harold DeWolf
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859:1884 births
805:Assessments
658:January 24,
630:January 24,
471:festschrift
463:Akhilananda
419:personalism
408:, and even
398:perceptions
340:Connecticut
317:Kappa Sigma
853:Categories
678:Aarweb.org
625:Amacad.org
604:References
548:Moral Laws
414:relativity
402:intuition
260:Methodist
256:Christian
332:Nebraska
212:Theology
60:Holbrook
704:The Hub
688:July 5,
304:at the
302:Germany
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326:Career
143:School
132:Region
79:Boston
621:(PDF)
589:ed.,
510:(the
796:and
761:ISBN
734:ISBN
690:2014
660:2022
632:2022
457:and
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266:and
72:Died
66:, US
49:Born
353:in
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122:Era
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