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certified (often German-certified) philosophy Ph.D.'s replaced theology graduates and ministers in the philosophy classroom. The period between the time when almost no one had a Ph.D. to when almost everyone did was very brief. The doctorate, moreover, was more than a license to teach: it was a certificate that the prospective philosophy instructor was well, if narrowly, trained and ready to undertake independent work in the now specializing and restricted field of academic philosophy. These new philosophers functioned in independent departments of philosophy They were making real gains in their research, creating a body of philosophic work that remains central to our study even now. These new philosophers also set their own standards for success, publishing in the recognized organs of philosophy that were being founded at the time: The Monist (1890), The
International Journal of Ethics (1890), The Philosophical Review (1892), and The Journal of Philosophy, Psychology, and Scientific Methods (1904). And, of course, these philosophers were banding together into societies – the American Psychological Association (1892), the Western Philosophical Association (1900), and the American Philosophical Association (1900) – to consolidate their academic positions and advance their philosophic work.
687:(1903), the British philosophical profession was transformed, and that Green was partly responsible for the transformation. Bentham, the Mills, Carlyle, Coleridge, Spencer, as well as many other serious philosophical thinkers of the nineteenth century were men of letters, administrators, active politicians, clergy with livings, but not academics. Green helped separate the study of philosophical from that of literary and historical texts; and by creating a philosophy curriculum at Oxford he also established a rationale for trained teachers of philosophy. When Green began his academic career much of the serious writing on philosophical topic was published in journals of opinion devoted to a broad range of (rarely to 'pure' philosophy). He helped professionalize philosophical writing by encouraging specialized periodicals, such as 'Academy' and 'Mind', which were to serve as venues for the results of scholarly research.
729:. The association has three divisions: Pacific, Central and Eastern. Each division organises a large annual conference. The biggest of these is the Eastern Division Meeting, which usually attracts around 2,000 philosophers and takes place in a different east coast city each December. The Eastern Division Meeting is also the USA's largest recruitment event for philosophy jobs, with numerous universities sending teams to interview candidates for academic posts. Among its many other tasks, the association is responsible for administering many of the profession's top honors. For example, the Presidency of a Division of the American Philosophical Association is considered to be a professional honor and the American Philosophical Association Book Prize is one of the oldest prizes in philosophy. The largest academic organization devoted to specifically furthering the study of continental philosophy is the
654:. The transformation into a profession brings about many subtle changes to a field of inquiry, but one more readily identifiable component of professionalization is the increasing irrelevance of "the book" to the field: "research communiqués will begin to change in ways whose modern end products are obvious to all and oppressive to many. No longer will researches usually be embodied in books addressed to anyone who might be interested in the subject matter of the field. Instead they will usually appear as brief articles addressed only to professional colleagues, the men whose knowledge of a shared paradigm can be assumed and who prove to be the only one able to read the papers addressed to them." Philosophy underwent this process toward the end of the 19th century, and it is one of the key distinguishing features of the contemporary philosophy era in Western philosophy.
1165:
many philosophers use arguments only to the extent that most "continental" philosophers do How can we do better? We can make a useful start by getting the simple things right. Much even of analytic philosophy moves too fast in its haste to reach the sexy bits. Details are not given the care they deserve: crucial claims are vaguely stated, significant different formulations are treated as though they were equivalent, examples are under-described, arguments are gestured at rather than properly made, their form is left unexplained, and so on. Philosophy has never been done for an extended period according to standards as high as those that are now already available, if only the profession will take them seriously to heart.
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696:. While it remains common among the population at large for a person to have a set of religious, political or philosophical views that they consider their "philosophy", these views are rarely informed or connected to the work being done in professional philosophy today. Furthermore, unlike many of the sciences for which there has come to be a healthy industry of books, magazines, and television shows meant to
36:
1179:
1924:"'Analytic' philosophy today names a style of doing philosophy, not a philosophical program or a set of substantive views. Analytic philosophers, crudely speaking, aim for argumentative clarity and precision; draw freely on the tools of logic; and often identify, professionally and intellectually, more closely with the sciences and mathematics, than with the humanities."
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broad philosophical systems which themselves lack supporting arguments or clarity in their expression. Williamson himself seems to here distance himself from these stereotypes, but does accuse analytic philosophers of too often fitting the critical stereotype of continental philosophers by moving "too fast" to reach substantial results via poor arguments.
1156:, have called for a major overhaul of the analytic philosophic tradition. In particular, Rorty has argued that analytic philosophers must learn important lessons from the work of continental philosophers. Some authors, such as Paul M. Livingston and Shaun Gallagher contend that there exist valuable insights common to both traditions while others, such as
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Although contemporary philosophers who self-identify as "analytic" have widely divergent interests, assumptions, and methods—and have often rejected the fundamental premises that defined the analytic movement between 1900 and 1960—analytic philosophy, in its contemporary state, is usually taken to be
1164:
We who classify ourselves as "analytic" philosophers tend to fall into the assumption that our allegiance automatically grants us methodological virtue. According to the crude stereotypes, analytic philosophers use arguments while "continental" philosophers do not. But within the analytic tradition
1408: – Postmodern philosophy is skeptical or nihilistic toward many of the values and assumptions of philosophy that derive from modernity, such as humanity having an essence which distinguishes humans from animals, or the assumption that one form of government is demonstrably better than another.
1169:
The "crude stereotypes" that
Williamson refers to in the above passage are these: that analytic philosophers produce carefully argued and rigorous analyses of trivially small philosophic puzzles, while continental philosophers produce profound and substantial results but only by deducing them from
682:
Henry
Sidgwick, in a generous gesture, identified Green as Britain's first professional academic philosopher. Sidgwick's opinion can certainly be questioned: William Hamilton, J.F. Ferrier and Sidgwick himself are among the contenders for that honour. Yet there can be no doubt that between the
1401:
was a fashionable movement in France in the 1950s and 1960s, that studied the underlying structures inherent in cultural products (such as texts), post-structuralism derive from critique of structuralist premises. Specifically, post-structuralism holds that the study of underlying structures is
1212:
has often been credited as the founding figure in continental philosophy. Although, since analytic and continental philosophy have such starkly different views of philosophy after Kant, continental philosophy is also often understood in an extended sense to include any post-Kant philosophers or
1216:
The term "continental philosophy", like "analytic philosophy", marks a broad range of philosophical views and approaches not easily captured in a definition. It has even been suggested that the term may be more pejorative than descriptive, functioning as a label for types of western philosophy
669:
The list of specific changes is fairly brief, but the resultant shift is almost total. No longer could the professor function as a defender of the faith or an expounder of Truth. The new philosopher had to be a leader of inquires and a publicizer of results. This shift was made obvious when
1887:...analytic philosophy opposed right from its beginning English neo-Hegelianism of Bradley's sort and similar ones. It did not only criticize the latter's denial of the existence of an external world (anyway an unjust criticism), but also the bombastic, obscure style of Hegel's writings.
724:
Not long after their formation, the
Western Philosophical Association and portions of the American Psychological Association merged with the American Philosophical Association to create what is today the main professional organization for philosophers in the United States: the
1102:. Afterwards, analytic and continental philosophers differ on the importance and influence of subsequent philosophers on their respective traditions. For instance, the German idealism school developed out of the work of Kant in the 1780s and 1790s and culminated in
1379: – An approach (whether in philosophy, literary analysis, or in other fields) where one conducts textual readings with a view to demonstrate that the text is not a discrete whole, instead containing several irreconcilable, contradictory meanings.
1336: – An emerging field of philosophical inquiry that makes use of empirical data—often gathered through surveys which probe the intuitions of ordinary people—in order to inform research on long-standing and unsettled philosophical questions.
1635:
924:
Concerning continental philosophy specifically, a 2012 survey of mostly professional philosophers asked them to rank the highest quality "continental tradition" philosophy journals in
English. Listing the survey's top 6 results:
665:. In the United States, the professionalisation grew out of reforms to the American higher-education system largely based on the German model. James Campbell describes the professionalisation of philosophy in America as follows:
1079:
Analytic philosophy dominates in the United
Kingdom, Canada, Australia and the English speaking world. Continental philosophy prevails in Europe, including Germany, France, Italy, Spain, Portugal and parts of the United States.
1385: – Existential philosophy is the "explicit conceptual manifestation of an existential attitude" that begins with a sense of disorientation and confusion in the face of an apparently meaningless or absurd world.
1420:-Speculative realism is a philosophical movement that seeks to overcome the limitations of anthropocentric and correlationist thinking by exploring the reality of objects beyond human perception and representation.
712:" are examples of works that hold the uncommon distinction of having been written by professional philosophers but directed at and ultimately popular among a broader audience of non-philosophers. Both works became
691:
The result of professionalization for philosophy has meant that work being done in the field is now almost exclusively done by university professors holding a doctorate in the field publishing in highly technical,
1240:
Third, continental philosophers tend to take a strong interest in the unity of theory and practice, and tend to see their philosophical inquiries as closely related to personal, moral, or political transformation.
1140:
and purported obscurity) and began to develop a new sort of conceptual analysis based on recent developments in logic. The most prominent example of this new method of conceptual analysis is
Russell's 1905 paper
1232:
Second, continental philosophy usually considers experience as determined at least partly by factors such as context, space and time, language, culture, or history. Thus continental philosophy tends toward
1003:
which is the standard reference work for information about philosophical activity in the United States and Canada. The directory is published every two years, alternating with its companion volume, the
736:
Concerning professional journals today, a 2018 survey of professional philosophers asked them to rank the highest quality "general" philosophy journals in
English, yielding the following top 20:
1391: – Phenomenology is primarily concerned with making the structures of consciousness, and the phenomena which appear in acts of consciousness, objects of systematic reflection and analysis.
700:
and communicate the technical results of a scientific field to the general populace, works by professional philosophers directed at an audience outside the profession remain rare. Philosopher
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1979:
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rejected or disliked by analytic philosophers. Nonetheless, certain descriptive rather than merely pejorative features have been seen to typically characterize continental philosophy:
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1005:
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Another approach to approximating a definition of continental philosophy is by listing some of the philosophical movements that are or have been central in continental philosophy:
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An increasing number of contemporary philosophers have contested the value and plausibility of distinguishing analytic and continental philosophy. Some philosophers, like
1149:
defined by a particular style characterized by precision and thoroughness about a narrow topic, and resistance to "imprecise or cavalier discussions of broad topics."
1208:
The history of continental philosophy is taken to begin in the early 1900s because its institutional roots descend directly from those of phenomenology. As a result,
1095:, claim that continental philosophy, especially post-structuralist continental philosophy, should be expunged, on grounds that it is obscurantist and nebulous.
984:
98:
60:
1414: – A central concept in continental philosophy, a social construction is a concept or practice that is the creation (or artifact) of a particular group.
536:
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1247:(i.e. the study of the nature, aims, and methods of philosophy). This emphasis can also be found in analytic philosophy, but with starkly different results.
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587:(which refers to some philosophers' criticisms of modern philosophy), and with a non-technical use of the phrase referring to any recent philosophic work.
1106:, who is viewed highly by many continental philosophers. Conversely, Hegel is viewed as a relatively minor figure for the work of analytic philosophers.
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as a means of professional exchange. A few notable milestones in this development include an informal listing of philosophy blogs begun by philosopher
1319:
have explicitly attempted to reconcile these traditions, taking as a point of departure certain themes shared by notable scholars in each tradition.
662:
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678:, Denys Leighton discusses these changes in British philosophy and Green's claim to the title of Britain's first professional academic philosopher:
1237:, where analytic philosophy tends to treat philosophy in terms of discrete problems, capable of being analyzed apart from their historical origins.
775:
1426: – Critical theory is the examination and critique of society and culture, drawing from knowledge across the social sciences and humanities.
1629:
Leiter, Brain (2012) "Best
English-Language Journals for Scholarship on the Continental traditions in post-Kantian Philosophy" Leiter Reports,
1906:
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1971:
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Existentialism is an important school in the continental philosophical tradition. Four key existentialists pictured from top-left clockwise:
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1366: – Postanalytic philosophy describes a detachment and challenge to mainstream analytic philosophy by philosophers like Richard Rorty.
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713:
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James Chase & Jack
Reynolds, "Analytic versus Continental: Arguments on the Methods and Value of Philosophy" Durham: Acumen (2011)
1008:(the only edited source for extensive information on philosophical activity in Africa, Asia, Australasia, Europe, and Latin America).
1000:
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inaugurating a new philosophical method based on the analysis of language via modern logic (hence the term "analytic philosophy").
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2288:'Martin Heidegger and Rudolf Carnap: Radical Phenomenology, Logical Positivism and the Roots of the Continental/Analytic Divide,'
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was the first philosopher to be appointed professor by the State, namely by the Prussian Minister of Education, as an effect of
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596:...the day of the philosopher as isolated thinker – the talented amateur with an idiosyncratic message – is effectively gone.
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which has since become a widely used resource by the profession, the establishment of a partnership between ethics blog
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Paul M. Livingston, The Politics of Logic: Badiou, Wittgenstein, and the Consequences of Formalism, Routledge, 2012
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The following list of four traits is adapted from Michael Rosen, "Continental Philosophy from Hegel", in
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E.g., the largest academic organization devoted to furthering the study of continental philosophy is the
1632:"Best English-Language Journals for Scholarship on the Continental traditions in post-Kantian Philosophy"
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Professionalization in England was similarly tied to developments in higher-education. In his work on
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2130:"Reasons and practices of reasoning: On the analytic/Continental distinction in political philosophy"
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Norms in a Wired World, Cambridge University Press, 2004, 432pp, Reviewed by Stefan Sciaraffa,
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itself culturally conditioned and therefore subject to myriad biases and misinterpretations.
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in the early 20th century, building on the work of the German philosopher and mathematician
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Since the start of the 21st century, philosophers have also seen the growing utilization of
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1360: – In metaphilosophy, the view that the role of philosophy is therapeutic or remedial.
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The analytic program in philosophy is ordinarily dated to the work of English philosophers
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The Philosophical Gourmet Report's description of "Analytic" and "Continental" philosophy
1145:", a paper that is widely seen to be the exemplar of the analytic program in philosophy.
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Analytic and continental philosophy share a common Western philosophical tradition up to
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to post featured articles for online discussion on the blog, and the role of blogs like
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A History of Women Philosophers: Volume IV: Contemporary Women Philosophers, 1900–Today
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Leiter, Brian (2018) "Best 'general' journals of philosophy, 2018" Leiter Reports,
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A Thoughtful Profession: The Early Years of the American Philosophical Association
1354: – The dominant school in analytic philosophy in the middle of 20th century.
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Germany was the first country to professionalize philosophy. At the end of 1817,
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https://dailynous.com/2021/10/01/empirical-approach-analytic-continental-divide/
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Philosophical Analysis in the Twentieth Century, Volume 1: The Dawn of Analysis
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Campbell, James (2006) A Thoughtful Profession, Open Court Publishing pp. 35–37
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Levy, Neil "Analytic and Continental Philosophy: Explaining the Differences",
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The above list includes only those movements common to both lists compiled by
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The Politics of Logic: Badiou, Wittgenstein, and the Consequences of Formalism
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Philosophical Analysis in the Twentieth Century, Volume 2: The Age of Meaning
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is the social process by which any trade or occupation establishes the group
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The Philosophy of Philosophy (The Blackwell / Brown Lectures in Philosophy)
1348: – The view that only natural laws and forces operate in the universe.
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movements important to continental philosophy but not analytic philosophy.
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Spindel Conference 2002–100 Years of Metaethics. The Legacy of G.E. Moore
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A Companion to Analytic Philosophy (Blackwell Companions to Philosophy)
1866:"Perspectives on twentieth century philosophy: A Reply to Tom Rockmore"
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1472:(1903) is considered to mark the beginning of 20th-century philosophy.
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Campbell, James (2006) A Thoughtful Profession, Open Court Publishing
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Analytic Philosophy: An Anthology (Blackwell Philosophy Anthologies)
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in bringing attention to the experience of women in the profession.
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Future Pasts: The Analytic Tradition in Twentieth-Century Philosoph
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Some analytic philosophers at the end of the 20th century, such as
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Table of prominent professional journals in contemporary philosophy
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Phenomenology and analysis: essays on Central European philosophy.
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Table of prominent professional journals in continental philosophy
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are the best or most accurate way of understanding all phenomena.
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http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2005/entries/descriptions/
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A House Divided: Comparing Analytic and Continental Philosophy
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A House Divided: Comparing Analytic and Continental Philosophy
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Edited by Arkadiusz Chrudzimski and Wolfgang Huemer. Page 18.
1714:"PEA Soup: The Next Chapter: Ethics Discussions at PEA Soup"
1068:. This development was roughly contemporaneous with work by
583:(which refers to an earlier period in Western philosophy),
2312:
An Empirical Approach to the Analytic-Continental Divide
683:
death of Mill (1873) and the publication of G.E.Moore's
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or association to oversee the conduct of members of the
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beginning at the early 20th century with the increasing
1774:"Philosophy Departments Are Full of Sexual Harassment"
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Leighton, Denys (2004) 'The Greenian moment' pp. 70–71
1006:
International Directory of Philosophy and Philosophers
575:
in philosophy that refers to a specific period in the
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Society for Phenomenology and Existential Philosophy
1558:, The University of Chicago Press (1962), pp. 19–20.
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Society for Phenomenology and Existential Philosophy
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Continental Philosophy: A Contemporary Introduction
1902:(Summer 2005 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL=
1064:and the development of the philosophical method of
571:The phrase "contemporary philosophy" is a piece of
16:
Current period in the history of Western philosophy
2022:Williamson, Timothy "The Philosophy of Philosophy"
1243:Fourth, continental philosophy has an emphasis on
704:book "Justice: What's the Right Thing to Do?" and
2232:Continental Philosophy: A Very Short Introduction
1221:First, continental philosophers generally reject
878:Journal of the American Philosophical Association
929:
740:
1831:(Harvard University Press, 1994), or C. Prado,
1162:
1132:. They turned away from then-dominant forms of
680:
667:
594:
1744:"What is it like to be a woman in philosophy?"
2474:
1610:"Best 'general' journals of philosophy, 2018"
1263:(and its antecedents, such as the thought of
985:British Journal for the History of Philosophy
530:
8:
1748:What is it like to be a woman in philosophy?
1029:What is it Like to be a Woman in Philosophy?
2115:
2057:
4243:
4234:
4217:
3913:
3620:
3392:
3029:
2970:
2959:
2508:
2497:
2481:
2467:
2459:
1567:Peter Simons "Open and Cloded Culture" in
537:
523:
104:
18:
2111:
2098:
2086:
2077:, Oxford University Press (1998), p. 665.
2075:Philosophy 2: Further through the Subject
2176:. Oxford University Press. p. 238.
1684:"Philosophical Weblogs – David Chalmers"
959:Philosophy and Phenomenological Research
888:Philosophy and Phenomenological Research
552:is the present period in the history of
1900:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1556:The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
1485:
1453:
776:Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society
302:
169:
107:
26:
2293:, Vol. 51, No. 3, 241–260 (Fall, 2007)
2004:
1993:
2388:Twentieth-Century Analytic Philosophy
2264:The professionalization of philosophy
1495:, University of Memphis, 2003, p. 165
967:Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie
7:
2134:European Journal of Political Theory
1829:The Origins of Analytical Philosophy
1809:from the original on 31 October 2017
1724:from the original on 11 January 2012
1694:from the original on 29 October 2017
1658:"Directory of American Philosophers"
1518:Sciaraffa, Stefan (9 October 2005).
977:Journal of the History of Philosophy
2440:Indiana Philosophy Ontology Project
2383:. Princeton University Press (2005)
2373:. Princeton University Press (2005)
2347:. Cambridge University Press (2008)
1958:Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature
1945:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
2390:. Columbia University Press (2001)
2251:The Idea of Continental Philosophy
1835:(Prometheus/Humanity Books, 2003).
1754:from the original on 26 April 2011
1638:from the original on 28 April 2012
1001:Directory of American Philosophers
760:Australasian Journal of Philosophy
727:American Philosophical Association
650:of the qualified from unqualified
560:of the discipline and the rise of
14:
2333:. Harvard University Press (1996)
2278:The Analytic / Continental divide
1970:Bryant, Levi R. (13 April 2012).
1531:from the original on 24 July 2011
504:Social and political philosophers
4538:
4537:
4524:
2423:
2331:Origins of Analytical Philosophy
2211:Existentialism: A Reconstruction
1982:from the original on 21 May 2012
1136:(objecting in particular to its
870:American Philosophical Quarterly
48:
34:
1898:Ludlow, Peter, "Descriptions",
1035:The analytic–continental divide
997:Philosophy Documentation Center
904:Pacific Philosophical Quarterly
604:, "American Philosophy Today",
2340:Oxford University Press (2001)
2300:. Vol. 34, No. 3, April (2003)
2273:. Open Court Publishing (2006)
2213:(Basil Blackwell, 1999, p. 8).
1852:Doctrine of internal relations
1850:and Russell's critique of the
941:European Journal of Philosophy
844:European Journal of Philosophy
802:Canadian Journal of Philosophy
1:
2253:. Edinburgh University Press.
1469:The Principles of Mathematics
1460:The publication of Husserl's
1436:or who were influenced by it.
1434:Institute for Social Research
1104:Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
720:Professional philosophy today
577:history of Western philosophy
4010:Ordinary language philosophy
2345:What is Analytic Philosophy?
2200:(McGraw-Hill, 1974, pp. 1–2)
2173:From Hegel to Existentialism
2033:Four Prophets of Our Destiny
1827:See, e.g., Michael Dummett,
1352:Ordinary language philosophy
663:Napoleonic reform in Prussia
4060:Contemporary utilitarianism
3975:Internalism and externalism
2249:Glendinning, Simon (2006).
2234:. Oxford University Press.
1299:and some other branches of
1083:Some philosophers, such as
1040:The beginning of the divide
714:New York Times best sellers
4583:
3324:Svatantrika and Prasangika
1201:
1113:
1023:and the prominent journal
4518:
4233:
4216:
3623:
2969:
2958:
2546:Philosophy of mathematics
2536:Philosophy of information
2507:
2496:
1921:See, e.g., Brian Leiter.
1847:A Defence of Common Sense
251:Middle Eastern philosophy
2399:. Wiley-Blackwell (2008)
2363:. Wiley-Blackwell (2005)
2356:. Wiley-Blackwell (2001)
2146:10.1177/1474885115587120
2031:Hubben, William. (1952)
1844:See for example Moore's
1480:Footnotes and references
1466:(1900–01) and Russell's
4567:Contemporary philosophy
4015:Postanalytic philosophy
3956:Experimental philosophy
2445:Contemporary philosophy
2436:Contemporary philosophy
2430:Contemporary philosophy
1956:Rorty, Richard. (1979)
1909:2 December 2013 at the
1364:Postanalytic philosophy
1334:Experimental philosophy
1048:began with the work of
999:publishes a well-known
862:Philosophical Quarterly
630:of conduct, acceptable
550:Contemporary philosophy
4148:Social constructionism
3160:Hellenistic philosophy
2576:Theoretical philosophy
2551:Philosophy of religion
2541:Philosophy of language
2404:Continental Philosophy
2003:Cite journal requires
1523:Norms in a Wired World
1463:Logical Investigations
1412:Social constructionism
1372:Continental philosophy
1204:Continental philosophy
1199:
1174:Continental philosophy
1167:
1046:continental philosophy
694:peer-reviewed journals
689:
672:
634:for membership of the
616:
566:continental philosophy
474:Aesthetic philosophers
4531:Philosophy portal
4050:Scientific skepticism
4030:Reformed epistemology
2556:Philosophy of science
2307:Humanity Books (2003)
1934:"Analytic Philosophy"
1545:University of Arizona
1406:Postmodern philosophy
1181:
854:Journal of Philosophy
828:Philosophical Studies
794:Philosophers' Imprint
648:degree of demarcation
607:Review of Metaphysics
585:postmodern philosophy
573:technical terminology
55:Philosophy portal
3951:Critical rationalism
3658:Edo neo-Confucianism
3502:Acintya bheda abheda
3481:Renaissance humanism
3192:School of the Sextii
2566:Practical philosophy
2561:Political philosophy
2432:at Wikimedia Commons
2128:Owen, David (2016).
1504:M. E. Waithe (ed.),
1313:Richard J. Bernstein
1225:, the view that the
752:Philosophical Review
499:Philosophers of mind
3522:Nimbarka Sampradaya
3433:Korean Confucianism
3180:Academic Skepticism
2409:Cutrofello, Andrew
2394:Williamson, Timothy
2343:Glock, Hans-Johann
2322:Analytic Philosophy
2314:(2021) Daily Nous.
2196:Robert C. Solomon,
1939:3 July 2009 at the
1878:on 28 November 2007
1780:on 12 February 2012
1718:peasoup.typepad.com
1418:Speculative realism
1329:Analytic philosophy
1307:Bridging the divide
1116:Analytic philosophy
1110:Analytic philosophy
934:
745:
624:Professionalization
591:Professionalization
558:professionalization
509:Women in philosophy
239:Indigenous American
22:Part of a series on
4143:Post-structuralism
4045:Scientific realism
4000:Quinean naturalism
3980:Logical positivism
3936:Analytical Marxism
3155:Peripatetic school
3067:Chinese naturalism
2594:Aesthetic response
2521:Applied philosophy
2413:. Routledge (2005)
2168:Solomon, Robert C.
1803:insidehighered.com
1664:on 2 February 2011
1442:Western philosophy
1340:Logical positivism
1281:post-structuralism
1200:
1158:Timothy Williamson
930:
741:
698:popularize science
554:Western philosophy
202:Eastern philosophy
4552:
4551:
4514:
4513:
4510:
4509:
4506:
4505:
4212:
4211:
4208:
4207:
4204:
4203:
3931:Analytic feminism
3903:
3902:
3865:Kierkegaardianism
3827:Transcendentalism
3787:Neo-scholasticism
3633:Classical Realism
3610:
3609:
3382:
3381:
3197:Neopythagoreanism
2954:
2953:
2950:
2949:
2571:Social philosophy
2428:Media related to
2310:Weinberg, Justin
2269:Campbell, James,
2241:978-0-19-285359-2
2183:978-0-19-506182-6
2118:, pp. 58–65.
2114:, p. 13 and
1508:, Springer, 1995.
1395:Poststructuralism
1089:Simon Glendinning
991:
990:
920:
919:
640:professional body
581:modern philosophy
547:
546:
355:
354:
4574:
4541:
4540:
4529:
4528:
4527:
4244:
4235:
4218:
4108:Frankfurt School
4055:Transactionalism
4005:Normative ethics
3985:Legal positivism
3961:Falsificationism
3946:Consequentialism
3941:Communitarianism
3914:
3782:New Confucianism
3621:
3428:Neo-Confucianism
3393:
3202:Second Sophistic
3187:Middle Platonism
3030:
2971:
2960:
2803:Epiphenomenalism
2670:Consequentialism
2604:Institutionalism
2509:
2498:
2483:
2476:
2469:
2460:
2427:
2359:Martinich, A.P.
2328:Dummett, Michael
2291:Philosophy Today
2254:
2245:
2228:Critchley, Simon
2214:
2207:
2201:
2194:
2188:
2187:
2164:
2158:
2157:
2125:
2119:
2116:Glendinning 2006
2108:
2102:
2096:
2090:
2084:
2078:
2067:
2061:
2058:Glendinning 2006
2055:
2049:
2042:
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2020:
2014:
2012:
2006:
2001:
1999:
1991:
1989:
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1967:
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1954:
1948:
1931:
1925:
1919:
1913:
1896:
1890:
1889:
1884:
1883:
1877:
1871:. Archived from
1870:
1864:Jonkers, Peter.
1861:
1855:
1842:
1836:
1825:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1799:"A Call to Shun"
1795:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1785:
1776:. Archived from
1770:
1764:
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1759:
1740:
1734:
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1731:
1729:
1710:
1704:
1703:
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1680:
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1671:
1669:
1660:. Archived from
1654:
1648:
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1627:
1621:
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1599:
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1552:
1546:
1541:Steven Hetcher,
1540:
1538:
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1515:
1509:
1502:
1496:
1490:
1473:
1458:
1430:Frankfurt School
1297:Frankfurt School
1227:natural sciences
1122:Bertrand Russell
1074:Bertrand Russell
1062:Martin Heidegger
935:
746:
702:Michael Sandel's
685:Principia Ethica
614:
602:Nicholas Rescher
539:
532:
525:
244:Aztec philosophy
123:Ancient Egyptian
105:
57:
53:
52:
51:
38:
19:
4582:
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4548:
4525:
4523:
4502:
4466:
4366:
4328:
4275:
4229:
4228:
4200:
4189:Russian cosmism
4162:
4158:Western Marxism
4123:New Historicism
4088:Critical theory
4074:
4070:Wittgensteinian
3966:Foundationalism
3899:
3836:
3817:Social contract
3673:Foundationalism
3606:
3588:
3572:Illuminationism
3557:Aristotelianism
3543:
3532:Vishishtadvaita
3485:
3437:
3378:
3345:
3216:
3145:Megarian school
3140:Eretrian school
3081:
3042:Agriculturalism
3019:
2965:
2946:
2893:
2865:
2822:
2774:
2731:
2715:Incompatibilism
2684:
2656:
2608:
2580:
2503:
2492:
2487:
2420:
2351:Martinich, A.P.
2261:
2259:Further reading
2248:
2242:
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2223:
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2208:
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2195:
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2002:
1992:
1985:
1983:
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1941:Wayback Machine
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1477:
1476:
1459:
1455:
1450:
1424:Critical theory
1325:
1309:
1301:Western Marxism
1293:critical theory
1289:French feminism
1253:German idealism
1206:
1176:
1118:
1112:
1042:
1037:
722:
706:Harry Frankfurt
621:
615:
600:
593:
543:
514:
513:
479:Epistemologists
469:
468:
457:
456:
393:
369:
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357:
356:
102:
101:
90:
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17:
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5:
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4334:Middle Eastern
4330:
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4311:
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4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4098:Existentialism
4095:
4093:Deconstruction
4090:
4084:
4082:
4076:
4075:
4073:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
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4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3926:Applied ethics
3922:
3920:
3911:
3905:
3904:
3901:
3900:
3898:
3897:
3892:
3890:Nietzscheanism
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3861:
3860:
3850:
3844:
3842:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3834:
3832:Utilitarianism
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3733:
3732:
3730:Transcendental
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3697:
3696:
3695:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3668:Existentialism
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3624:
3618:
3612:
3611:
3608:
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3509:
3504:
3493:
3491:
3487:
3486:
3484:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3456:Augustinianism
3453:
3447:
3445:
3439:
3438:
3436:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3399:
3397:
3390:
3384:
3383:
3380:
3379:
3377:
3376:
3371:
3369:Zoroastrianism
3366:
3361:
3355:
3353:
3347:
3346:
3344:
3343:
3342:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
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3257:
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3212:Church Fathers
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3115:
3110:
3105:
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3083:
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3036:
3027:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3017:
3016:
3015:
3010:
3005:
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2995:
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2762:
2757:
2752:
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2741:
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2733:
2732:
2730:
2729:
2727:Libertarianism
2724:
2723:
2722:
2712:
2711:
2710:
2700:
2694:
2692:
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2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2531:Metaphilosophy
2528:
2523:
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2515:
2505:
2504:
2501:
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2418:External links
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2386:Stroll, Avrum
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2336:Floyd, Juliet
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2298:Metaphilosophy
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2246:
2240:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2202:
2198:Existentialism
2189:
2182:
2159:
2140:(2): 172–188.
2120:
2112:Critchley 2001
2103:
2099:Critchley 2001
2091:
2089:, p. 115.
2087:Critchley 2001
2079:
2071:A. C. Grayling
2062:
2050:
2037:
2024:
2015:
2005:|journal=
1962:
1949:
1926:
1914:
1891:
1856:
1837:
1820:
1790:
1765:
1735:
1705:
1675:
1649:
1622:
1600:
1591:
1582:
1573:
1560:
1547:
1510:
1497:
1484:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1474:
1452:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1444:
1439:
1438:
1437:
1427:
1421:
1415:
1409:
1403:
1392:
1386:
1383:Existentialism
1380:
1377:Deconstruction
1369:
1368:
1367:
1361:
1355:
1349:
1343:
1337:
1324:
1321:
1308:
1305:
1285:deconstruction
1261:existentialism
1249:
1248:
1245:metaphilosophy
1241:
1238:
1230:
1210:Edmund Husserl
1202:Main article:
1175:
1172:
1114:Main article:
1111:
1108:
1054:Edmund Husserl
1050:Franz Brentano
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1017:David Chalmers
993:
992:
989:
988:
980:
971:
970:
962:
953:
952:
944:
922:
921:
918:
917:
915:
907:
899:
891:
882:
881:
873:
865:
857:
848:
847:
839:
831:
823:
814:
813:
805:
797:
789:
780:
779:
771:
763:
755:
721:
718:
632:qualifications
620:
617:
598:
592:
589:
545:
544:
542:
541:
534:
527:
519:
516:
515:
512:
511:
506:
501:
496:
494:Metaphysicians
491:
486:
481:
476:
470:
464:
463:
462:
459:
458:
455:
454:
449:
444:
439:
434:
429:
424:
422:Metaphilosophy
419:
414:
409:
404:
399:
392:
391:
386:
381:
376:
370:
364:
363:
362:
359:
358:
353:
352:
351:
350:
345:
340:
335:
330:
325:
320:
315:
307:
306:
300:
299:
298:
297:
296:
295:
290:
285:
280:
275:
270:
260:
259:
258:
248:
247:
246:
236:
235:
234:
229:
224:
219:
214:
209:
199:
198:
197:
192:
187:
174:
173:
167:
166:
165:
164:
163:
162:
157:
147:
142:
137:
132:
131:
130:
125:
112:
111:
103:
97:
96:
95:
92:
91:
89:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
43:
40:
39:
31:
30:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4579:
4568:
4565:
4564:
4562:
4555:
4545:
4544:
4535:
4533:
4532:
4521:
4520:
4517:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4475:
4473:
4471:Miscellaneous
4469:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4396:
4393:
4392:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4377:
4375:
4373:
4369:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4339:
4337:
4335:
4331:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4286:
4284:
4282:
4278:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4253:
4251:
4249:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4236:
4232:
4224:
4223:
4219:
4215:
4197:
4196:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4171:
4169:
4167:Miscellaneous
4165:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4153:Structuralism
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4138:Postmodernism
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4128:Phenomenology
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4085:
4083:
4081:
4077:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4065:Vienna Circle
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3995:Moral realism
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3923:
3921:
3919:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3906:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3859:
3856:
3855:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3845:
3843:
3839:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3797:Phenomenology
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3737:Individualism
3735:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3702:
3701:
3698:
3694:
3691:
3690:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3625:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3613:
3603:
3602:Judeo-Islamic
3600:
3599:
3597:
3595:
3591:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3579:
3578:ʿIlm al-Kalām
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3554:
3552:
3550:
3546:
3540:
3537:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3527:Shuddhadvaita
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3499:
3498:
3495:
3494:
3492:
3488:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3461:Scholasticism
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3448:
3446:
3444:
3440:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3400:
3398:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3385:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3356:
3354:
3352:
3348:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3296:
3295:
3292:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3278:
3275:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3231:
3228:
3227:
3225:
3223:
3219:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3162:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3100:
3099:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3084:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3035:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3022:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2961:
2957:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2912:Conceptualism
2910:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2902:
2900:
2896:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2872:
2868:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2841:Particularism
2839:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2831:
2829:
2825:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2808:Functionalism
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2793:Eliminativism
2791:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2781:
2777:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2734:
2728:
2725:
2721:
2718:
2717:
2716:
2713:
2709:
2706:
2705:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2698:Compatibilism
2696:
2695:
2693:
2691:
2687:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2667:
2665:
2663:
2659:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2637:Particularism
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2619:
2617:
2615:
2611:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2583:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2484:
2479:
2477:
2472:
2470:
2465:
2464:
2461:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2437:
2434:
2431:
2426:
2422:
2421:
2417:
2412:
2408:
2407:
2406:
2405:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2389:
2385:
2382:
2378:
2377:Soames, Scott
2375:
2372:
2368:
2367:Soames, Scott
2365:
2362:
2358:
2355:
2352:
2349:
2346:
2342:
2339:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2324:
2323:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2306:
2302:
2299:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2286:James Luchte,
2285:
2282:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2272:
2268:
2267:
2266:
2265:
2258:
2252:
2247:
2243:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2224:
2220:
2212:
2206:
2203:
2199:
2193:
2190:
2185:
2179:
2175:
2174:
2169:
2163:
2160:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2124:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2107:
2104:
2101:, p. 57.
2100:
2095:
2092:
2088:
2083:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2066:
2063:
2060:, p. 12.
2059:
2054:
2051:
2047:
2041:
2038:
2034:
2028:
2025:
2019:
2016:
2010:
1997:
1981:
1977:
1975:
1966:
1963:
1959:
1953:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1935:
1930:
1927:
1923:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1908:
1905:
1901:
1895:
1892:
1888:
1874:
1867:
1860:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1848:
1841:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1824:
1821:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1794:
1791:
1779:
1775:
1769:
1766:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1739:
1736:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1709:
1706:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1679:
1676:
1663:
1659:
1653:
1650:
1637:
1633:
1626:
1623:
1611:
1604:
1601:
1595:
1592:
1586:
1583:
1577:
1574:
1570:
1564:
1561:
1557:
1554:Thomas Kuhn,
1551:
1548:
1544:
1530:
1526:
1525:
1522:
1514:
1511:
1507:
1501:
1498:
1494:
1489:
1486:
1479:
1471:
1470:
1465:
1464:
1457:
1454:
1447:
1443:
1440:
1435:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1400:
1399:Structuralism
1396:
1393:
1390:
1389:Phenomenology
1387:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1373:
1370:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1314:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1277:structuralism
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1257:phenomenology
1254:
1246:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1231:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1219:
1218:
1214:
1211:
1205:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1180:
1173:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1159:
1155:
1154:Richard Rorty
1150:
1146:
1144:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1130:Gottlob Frege
1127:
1123:
1117:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1101:
1100:Immanuel Kant
1096:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1085:Richard Rorty
1081:
1077:
1075:
1071:
1070:Gottlob Frege
1067:
1066:phenomenology
1063:
1059:
1058:Adolf Reinach
1055:
1051:
1047:
1044:Contemporary
1039:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1009:
1007:
1002:
998:
987:
986:
981:
979:
978:
973:
972:
969:
968:
963:
961:
960:
955:
954:
951:
950:
945:
943:
942:
937:
936:
933:
928:
927:
926:
916:
914:
913:
908:
906:
905:
900:
898:
897:
892:
890:
889:
884:
883:
880:
879:
874:
872:
871:
866:
864:
863:
858:
856:
855:
850:
849:
846:
845:
840:
838:
837:
832:
830:
829:
824:
822:
821:
816:
815:
812:
811:
806:
804:
803:
798:
796:
795:
790:
788:
787:
782:
781:
778:
777:
772:
770:
769:
764:
762:
761:
756:
754:
753:
748:
747:
744:
739:
738:
737:
734:
732:
728:
719:
717:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
688:
686:
679:
677:
671:
666:
664:
660:
655:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
618:
612:
609:
608:
603:
597:
590:
588:
586:
582:
578:
574:
569:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
540:
535:
533:
528:
526:
521:
520:
518:
517:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
471:
467:
461:
460:
453:
450:
448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
437:Phenomenology
435:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
394:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
371:
367:
361:
360:
349:
346:
344:
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
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3990:Meta-ethics
3970:Coherentism
3875:Hegelianism
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3772:Natural law
3752:Materialism
3678:Historicism
3648:Determinism
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3309:Pudgalavada
3245:Vaisheshika
3098:Presocratic
2998:Renaissance
2937:Physicalism
2922:Materialism
2828:Normativity
2813:Objectivism
2798:Emergentism
2788:Behaviorism
2737:Metaphysics
2703:Determinism
2642:Rationalism
2221:Works cited
1972:"Review of
1317:A. W. Moore
1265:Kierkegaard
1235:historicism
1184:Kierkegaard
1143:On Denoting
1134:Hegelianism
1093:John Searle
710:On Bullshit
646:, and some
389:Metaphysics
304:By religion
160:Continental
140:Renaissance
4478:Amerindian
4385:Australian
4324:Vietnamese
4304:Indonesian
3853:Kantianism
3802:Positivism
3792:Pragmatism
3767:Naturalism
3747:Liberalism
3725:Subjective
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3567:Avicennism
3512:Bhedabheda
3396:East Asian
3319:Madhyamaka
3299:Abhidharma
3165:Pyrrhonism
2932:Nominalism
2927:Naturalism
2856:Skepticism
2846:Relativism
2836:Absolutism
2765:Naturalism
2675:Deontology
2647:Skepticism
2632:Naturalism
2622:Empiricism
2586:Aesthetics
2490:Philosophy
2449:PhilPapers
1882:2007-10-19
1784:2011-12-31
1668:1 February
1521:Review of
1346:Naturalism
1291:, and the
1196:Dostoevsky
1126:G.E. Moore
836:Erkenntnis
810:The Monist
676:T.H. Green
644:profession
636:profession
397:Aesthetics
86:Categories
28:Philosophy
4357:Pakistani
4319:Taiwanese
4266:Ethiopian
4239:By region
4225:By region
4040:Scientism
4035:Systemics
3895:Spinozism
3822:Socialism
3757:Modernism
3720:Objective
3628:Anarchism
3562:Averroism
3451:Christian
3403:Neotaoism
3374:Zurvanism
3364:Mithraism
3359:Mazdakism
3130:Cyrenaics
3057:Logicians
2690:Free will
2652:Solipsism
2599:Formalism
2154:148015656
1688:consc.net
1269:Nietzsche
1223:scientism
1188:Nietzsche
489:Logicians
484:Ethicists
442:Political
402:Education
323:Christian
318:Confucian
217:Indonesia
171:By region
109:By period
4561:Category
4543:Category
4498:Yugoslav
4488:Romanian
4395:Scottish
4380:American
4309:Japanese
4289:Buddhist
4271:Africana
4261:Egyptian
4103:Feminist
4025:Rawlsian
4020:Quietism
3918:Analytic
3870:Krausism
3777:Nihilism
3742:Kokugaku
3705:Absolute
3700:Idealism
3688:Humanism
3476:Occamism
3443:European
3388:Medieval
3334:Yogacara
3294:Buddhist
3287:Syādvāda
3170:Stoicism
3135:Cynicism
3123:Sophists
3118:Atomists
3113:Eleatics
3052:Legalism
2993:Medieval
2917:Idealism
2871:Ontology
2851:Nihilism
2755:Idealism
2513:Branches
2502:Branches
2230:(2001).
2170:(1987).
1980:Archived
1937:Archived
1907:Archived
1813:20 March
1807:Archived
1758:20 March
1752:Archived
1728:20 March
1722:Archived
1698:20 March
1692:Archived
1642:26 April
1636:Archived
1529:Archived
1397: –
1358:Quietism
1323:See also
1138:idealism
1021:PEA Soup
896:Analysis
768:Synthese
652:amateurs
599:—
562:analytic
447:Religion
432:Ontology
412:Language
366:Branches
313:Buddhist
268:American
190:Ethiopia
155:Analytic
135:Medieval
76:Glossary
61:Contents
4493:Russian
4462:Spanish
4457:Slovene
4447:Maltese
4442:Italian
4422:Finland
4390:British
4372:Western
4362:Turkish
4347:Islamic
4342:Iranian
4294:Chinese
4281:Eastern
4248:African
4195:more...
3880:Marxism
3710:British
3653:Dualism
3549:Islamic
3507:Advaita
3497:Vedanta
3471:Scotism
3466:Thomism
3408:Tiantai
3351:Persian
3339:Tibetan
3329:Śūnyatā
3270:Cārvāka
3260:Ājīvika
3255:Mīmāṃsā
3235:Samkhya
3150:Academy
3103:Ionians
3077:Yangism
3034:Chinese
3025:Ancient
2988:Western
2983:Ancient
2942:Realism
2899:Reality
2889:Process
2770:Realism
2750:Dualism
2745:Atomism
2627:Fideism
2438:at the
2073:(ed.),
1986:12 July
1295:of the
949:Inquiry
912:Thought
619:Process
452:Science
407:History
333:Islamic
293:Russian
288:Italian
273:British
263:Western
256:Iranian
232:Vietnam
207:Chinese
180:African
118:Ancient
81:History
66:Outline
4452:Polish
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4427:French
4412:Danish
4402:Canada
4352:Jewish
4314:Korean
4299:Indian
3841:People
3762:Monism
3715:German
3683:Holism
3616:Modern
3594:Jewish
3517:Dvaita
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2964:By era
2879:Action
2760:Monism
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1535:7 June
1060:, and
1025:Ethics
379:Ethics
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343:Jewish
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278:French
212:Indian
145:Modern
4483:Aztec
4437:Greek
4417:Dutch
4407:Czech
4256:Bantu
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3240:Nyaya
3230:Hindu
3090:Roman
2884:Event
2526:Logic
2150:S2CID
1876:(PDF)
1869:(PDF)
1448:Notes
1192:Kafka
1013:blogs
659:Hegel
628:norms
384:Logic
328:Hindu
227:Korea
222:Japan
185:Egypt
71:Lists
3584:Sufi
3418:Chan
3277:Jain
3250:Yoga
2780:Mind
2720:Hard
2708:Hard
2236:ISBN
2178:ISBN
2009:help
1988:2012
1815:2018
1760:2018
1730:2018
1700:2018
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1644:2012
1617:2019
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