425:. In her diary, the adolescent Anne frequently writes about the disagreements, conflicts, mutual lack of understanding, and the pessimism of her mother, which she wants to disassociate herself from. However, she repeatedly also describes her mother as an understanding and loyal woman who stands up for her daughters and protects them against verbal attacks from the other inhabitants. On 2 January 1944, Anne wrote in her diary: "The period of tearfully passing judgement on Mother is over. I've grown wiser and Mother's nerves are a bit steadier. Most of the time I manage to hold my tongue when I'm annoyed, and she does too." The diary ended three days before they were anonymously betrayed and arrested on 4 August 1944. After detainment in the
465:. When Otto Frank decided to edit his daughter's diary for publication, he was sure that his wife had come in for particular criticism because of her often difficult relationship with Anne, and he deleted some of the more heated comments out of respect for his wife and other residents of the Secret Annex. Nevertheless, Anne's portrait of an unsympathetic and sarcastic mother was duplicated in the dramatizations of the book. Anne's portrayal of her mother was countered by the memories of those who had known her as a modest, distant woman who tried to treat her adolescent children as her equals.
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306:(SA) – marched through the streets of Frankfurt am Main wearing Haken Kreuz armbands. These Brownshirts, as they were called because of the color of their uniforms, loudly sang: "When Jewish blood spurts from the knife, things will go well again". Upon hearing this, Edith and Otto discussed their concerns with each other. It was impossible for them to leave their homeland immediately because making a living abroad was an issue.
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289:, where they rented two floors. Her daughters played almost every day in the garden with the children in the neighborhood. They all had different backgrounds; Catholic, Protestant or Jewish. They shared a curiosity about each other's religious holidays. Margot was invited to the communion celebration of one of her friends, and the neighbors' children were sometimes invited to the Frank's celebration of
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distribution company, called Opekta. Edith found emigration to the
Netherlands difficult. The family lived in confined conditions and she struggled with the new language. She remained in contact with her family and friends in Germany, but also made new friends in Amsterdam, most of them fellow German
440:
Edith and her daughters were separated from Otto upon arrival, and they never saw him again. Edith looked for ways of keeping her children alive. Survivors later described them as an inseparable trio. On 30 October, another selection separated Edith from Anne and Margot. Edith was selected for the
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when Edith was 14. Both Julius and Walter immigrated to the United States, surviving afterwards. The Holländer family adhered to Jewish dietary laws and was considered to be religious. Nevertheless, Edith attended the
Evangelical Higher Girls' School and passed her school-leaving exams (Abitur) in
343:, on a regular basis. On Friday evenings, the Franks often went to visit German-Jewish friends to eat together, and many Jewish holidays were also celebrated. Edith was an open-minded woman who educated her daughters in a modern way. Her older brothers Walter and Julius immigrated to the
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and began their persecution of the country's Jews. Edith's children were removed from their schools, and her husband Otto Frank was forced by the
Germans to give up his companies Opekta and Pectacon. Otto made his businesses look "Aryan" by transferring control to his Dutch colleagues
232:, Germany. Her father, Abraham Holländer (1860–1928) was a successful businessman in industrial equipment who was active in the Aachen Jewish community together with Edith's mother, Rosa Holländer (1866–1942). The ancestors of the Holländer family lived in
445:. Edith escaped with a friend to another section of the camp, where she remained through the winter. Edith became very ill and was taken to the sick barracks, where she died of weakness and disease on 6 January 1945, three weeks before the
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It does not grieve me what she writes (about her mother) and I know quite well that there are several things she did not see and she would have changed her ideas. In fact she was on very good terms with her mother at the camp (Westerbork)
460:
Otto Frank was the sole member of his family to survive the
Holocaust and returned to Amsterdam in June 1945. One of the helpers, Miep Gies, gave him Anne's diary papers. She had saved parts of them, just like the other female secretary,
484:(p. 129), observed that "they were always together, mother and daughters. It is certain that they gave each other a great deal of support. All the things a teenager might think of her mother were no longer of any significance."
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In 1999, the discovery of previously unknown pages excised by Otto showed that Anne had discerned that, although Edith very much loved Otto, Otto – though very devoted to Edith – was not
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with her; and that this understanding was leading Anne to develop a new sense of empathy for her mother's situation. By the time Edith and her daughters were in
Auschwitz,
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293:. Later the family moved to Ganghoferstrasse 24 in a fashionable liberal area of Dornbusch called the Dichterviertel (Poets' Quarter). Both houses still exist.
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headquarters on the
Euterpestraat and three days in prison on the Weteringschans, Edith and those with whom she had been in hiding were transported to the
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1916. Afterwards, she worked for the family company. In her free time, she read copiously, played tennis, went swimming and had a large circle of friends.
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the relationship between Anne and her mother improved as can be seen from a letter sent by Otto Frank to his cousin Milly on 16 November 1945:
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after 1938, and her mother, Rosa Holländer-Stern, left Aachen in 1939 to join the Frank family in
Amsterdam, where she died in January 1942.
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In 1968, Otto Frank wrote in his `memoirs to Anne' about his wife: she truly was an excellent mother, who put her children above all else.
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The Last Secret of the Secret Annex: The Untold Story of Anne Frank, Her Silent
Protector, and a Family Betrayal
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Edith Frank and the relationship with her daughters Margot and Anne Frank (Buddy Elias)
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and introduction of discriminatory laws in Germany forced the family to emigrate to
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and ten days before her 45th birthday. Her daughters outlived her by one month.
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Treasures from the attic : the extraordinary story of Anne Frank's family
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967:, Joop van Wijk-Voskuijl and Jeroen De Bruyn, Simon & Schuster, 2023.
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in 1933. In the Dutch capital Otto established a branch of his spice and
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in 1924 and they married on his 36th birthday, 12 May 1925, at Aachen's
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927:, Miep Gies with Alison Leslie Gold, Simon & Schuster, 1988.
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921:, compiled by H. J. J. Hardy, second edition, Doubleday, 2003.
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has said that "Edith never felt well in Holland. Edith was
939:, Melissa MĂĽller, afterword by Miep Gies, Bloomsbury 1999.
731:. IMG Entertainment. Originally broadcast on BBC in 1996.
520:. 6 July 2010. Archived from the original on 6 July 2010
421:) was chronicled in Anne Frank's posthumously published
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Anne Frank beyond the diary: a photographic remembrance
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German people who died in Auschwitz concentration camp
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Anne Frank was niet alleen. Het Merwedeplein 1933–1945
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at the start of the 18th century, emigrating from the
188:; 16 January 1900 – 6 January 1945) was the mother of
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Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to the Netherlands
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Dutch people who died in Auschwitz concentration camp
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The Diary of Anne Frank: The Revised Critical Edition
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Short quote by Miep Gies about Edith Frank in hiding
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gas chambers, and her daughters were transported to
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931:Roses from the Earth: the Biography of Anne Frank
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538:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
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775:. London: Penguin Random House Children's UK.
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829:Anne Frank: The Book, the Life, the Afterlife
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240:to Germany around 1800. Edith's last name,
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672:. Amsterdam: Prometheus. pp. 13, 37.
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318:on 30 January 1933, to the position of
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807:from the original on 17 November 2020
704:from the original on 17 November 2020
281:, born 16 February 1926, followed by
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1450:Anne Frank Center for Mutual Respect
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553:Edith Frank-Holländer, Anne's mother
433:. From there, they were deported to
959:The Last Seven Months of Anne Frank
850:from the original on 5 January 2014
646:from the original on 11 August 2021
482:The Last Seven Months of Anne Frank
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892:from the original on 14 April 2019
752:from the original on 14 April 2019
614:. New York: Viking. pp. 8–9.
385:In 1940, Nazi Germany invaded the
273:. They had two daughters born in
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1574:Denaturalized citizens of Germany
1439:Cultural depictions of Anne Frank
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961:, Willy Lindwer, Pantheon, 1991.
374:for Frank at the Pastorplatz in
18:Mother of Anne Frank (1900–1945)
955:, Carol Ann Lee, Penguin, 2002.
933:, Carol Ann Lee, Penguin, 1999.
585:. New York: Doubleday. p.
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1564:People from the Rhine Province
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1406:Anne Frank Educational Centre
953:The Hidden Life of Otto Frank
869:The Hidden Life of Otto Frank
983:Short profile of Edith Frank
435:Auschwitz concentration camp
248:for "Dutchman" (literally: "
1238:Janny Brandes-Brilleslijper
1052:Tales from the Secret Annex
943:The Footsteps of Anne Frank
296:In the summer of 1932, the
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326:and the following rise of
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1181:Johannes Hendrik Voskuijl
1045:The Diary of a Young Girl
937:Anne Frank: the Biography
773:The Diary of a Young Girl
577:Pressler, Mirjam (2011).
204:, she was transported to
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1456:Anne Frank Shoah Library
1416:Anne Frank Neighbourhood
826:Prose, Francine (2010).
668:Verhoeven, Rian (2019).
610:Verhoeven, Rian (1993).
352:Bernhard ("Buddy") Elias
1411:Jewish Museum Frankfurt
1305:-Frankenberger Viertel)
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1287:: GanghoferstraĂźe 24 (
1217:Jacqueline van Maarsen
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300:' paramilitary wing –
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1579:German Ashkenazi Jews
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1325:: Prinsengracht 263 (
978:Biography Edith Frank
925:Anne Frank Remembered
888:. 25 September 2018.
748:. 25 September 2018.
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196:and her older sister
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1539:Deaths by starvation
1379:Statue of Anne Frank
771:Frank, Anne (2011).
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456:Her daughter's diary
350:Anne Frank's cousin
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1311:: Merwedeplein 37 (
1252:(arresting officer)
1240:(reporter of death)
1202:Nanette Blitz Konig
314:The appointment of
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1207:Barbara Ledermann
1108:Jean-Michel Frank
843:978-0-06-143080-0
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596:978-0-385-53387-4
202:German occupation
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1098:(stepsister)
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107:Margot Frank
81:(1945-01-06)
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1524:1945 deaths
1519:1900 births
1102:Buddy Elias
1096:Eva Schloss
1084:Edith Frank
417:'s dentist
405:, his wife
387:Netherlands
310:Immigration
238:Netherlands
176:Edith Frank
25:Edith Frank
1599:Anne Frank
1513:Categories
1470:(asteroid)
1264:Residences
1078:Otto Frank
1030:Anne Frank
854:30 October
524:18 October
504:References
489:Westerbork
320:chancellor
298:Nazi Party
267:Otto Frank
228:family in
220:Early life
194:Anne Frank
119:Otto Frank
101:Mother of
53:1900-01-16
1458:(Leipzig)
1422:Dornbusch
1395:Dornbusch
1388:Frankfurt
1341:Amsterdam
1327:Amsterdam
1323:1942-1944
1313:Amsterdam
1309:1934-1942
1299:1933-1934
1293:Dornbusch
1285:1931-1933
1279:Dornbusch
1271:1929-1931
1161:Miep Gies
1118:In hiding
896:11 August
871:, p. 203
756:11 August
708:11 August
650:11 August
415:Miep Gies
332:Amsterdam
287:Dornbusch
275:Frankfurt
271:synagogue
250:Hollander
242:Holländer
234:Amsterdam
215:Biography
190:Holocaust
185:Holländer
163:Relatives
1498:Category
1446:(Berlin)
1365:(museum)
1156:Jan Gies
1110:(cousin)
1104:(cousin)
1092:(sister)
1086:(mother)
1080:(father)
890:Archived
848:Archived
805:Archived
750:Archived
702:Archived
644:Archived
556:Archived
534:cite web
447:Red Army
291:Hanukkah
265:She met
192:diarist
169:(cousin)
142:Children
1464:(Basel)
1190:Friends
1149:Helpers
992:Video:
811:29 July
729:YouTube
587:115–116
470:in love
427:Gestapo
380:Germany
324:Germany
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540:link
526:2017
394:and
283:Anne
154:Anne
132:1925
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