853:
of. Nay so great was the ignorance of man in this particular, that learned persons made a doubt of its being round; others no less knowing imagin'd all they were not acquainted with, desart and uninhabitable. But now geography and hydrography have receiv'd some perfection by the pains of so many mariners and travelers, who to evince the rotundity of the earth and water, have sail’d and travell'd round it, as has been here made appear; to show there is no part uninhabitable, unless the frozen polar regions, have visited all other countries, tho never so remote, which they have found well peopl'd, and most of them rich and delightful…. Astronomy has receiv'd the addition of many constellations never seen before. Natural and moral history is embelish'd with the most beneficial increase of so many thousands of plants it had never before receiv'd, so many drugs and spices, such variety of beasts, birds and fishes, such rarities in minerals, mountains and waters, such unaccountable diversity of climates and men, and in them of complexions, tempers, habits, manners, politicks, and religions…. To conclude, the empire of Europe is now extended to the utmost bounds of the earth, where several of its nations have conquests and colonies. These and many more are the advantages drawn from the labours of those, who expose themselves to the dangers of the vast ocean, and of unknown nations; which those who sit still at home abundantly reap in every kind: and the relation of one traveler is an incentive to stir up another to imitate him, whilst the rest of mankind, in their accounts without stirring a foot, compass the earth and seas, visit all countries, and converse with all nations.
489:
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834:
5109:
428:
858:
991:. Assuming that the monument had been laid out using a magnetic compass, Stukeley and Halley attempted to calculate the perceived deviation introducing corrections from existing magnetic records, and suggested three dates (460 BC, AD 220 and AD 920), the earliest being the one accepted. These dates were wrong by thousands of years, but the idea that scientific methods could be used to date ancient monuments was revolutionary in its day.
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756:
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1582:. Halley's religious views could not have been too outlandish because the University was happy to grant him another chair 12 years later. ... Halley held liberal religious views and was very outspoken. He believed in having a reverent but questioning attitude towards the eternal problems and had little sympathy for those who unquestioningly accepted dogma. He was certainly not an atheist."
200:
3680:
40:
5157:
5145:
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544:; his name became associated with it because of his work on its orbit and predicting its return in 1758 (which he did not live to see). In early 1686, Halley was elected to the Royal Society's new position of secretary, requiring him to give up his fellowship and manage correspondence and meetings, as well as edit the
1071:
603:
published at Halley's expense in 1687. Halley's first calculations with comets were thereby for the orbit of comet Kirch, based on
Flamsteed's observations in 1680–1681. Although he was to accurately calculate the orbit of the comet of 1682, he was inaccurate in his calculations of the orbit of comet
1805:
The source of the dates of birth and death is a biography of Edmond Halley written shortly after his death: Biographia
Britannica, vol. 4, 1757, pp. 2494–2520. On his tombstone at Lee near Greenwich his year of birth and his year of death were inscribed as follows: Natus est A.C. MDCLVI. Mortuus est
623:, and remained there for over an hour and a half. Halley's bell was of little use for practical salvage work, as it was very heavy, but he made improvements to it over time, later extending his underwater exposure time to over 4 hours. Halley suffered one of the earliest recorded cases of middle ear
1355:
article disputes this, commenting that in his published works, he used "Edmund" 22 times and "Edmond" only 3 times, with several other variations used as well, such as the
Latinised "Edmundus". Much of the debate stems from the fact that, in Halley's own time, English spelling conventions were not
852:
What was cosmography before these discoveries, but an imperfect fragment of a science, scarce deserving so good a name? When all the known world was only Europe, a small part of Africk, and the lesser portion of Asia; so that of this terraqueous globe not one sixth part had ever been seen or heard
954:
is also described). It is reasonable to assume Halley possessed and had read this book given that the
Gregorian design was the principal telescope design used in astronomy in Halley's day. It is not to Halley's credit that he failed to acknowledge Gregory's priority in this matter. In 1717–18 he
793:
arose over questions of Halley's competence to command a vessel. Halley returned the ship to
England to proceed against officers in July 1699. The result was a mild rebuke for his men, and dissatisfaction for Halley, who felt the court had been too lenient. Halley thereafter received a temporary
735:
and nominated Halley as deputy comptroller of the
Chester mint. Halley spent two years supervising coin production. While there, he caught two clerks pilfering precious metals. He and the local warden spoke out about the scheme, unaware that the local master of the mint was profiting from it.
743:) was on a visit to England, and hoped Newton would be available to entertain him. Newton sent Halley in his place. He and the Czar bonded over science and brandy. According to one disputed account, when both of them were drunk one night, Halley jovially pushed the Czar around
904:); in this, he stated his belief that the comet sightings of 1456, 1531, 1607, and 1682 were of the same comet, and that it would return in 1758. Halley did not live to witness the comet's return, but when it did, the comet became generally known as Halley's Comet.
1284:(rhymes with "valley"). This is the personal pronunciation used by most Halleys living in London today. This is useful guidance but does not, of course, tell us how the name should be pronounced in the context of the astronomer or the comet. The alternative
504:
of the southern stars. Oxford would not allow Halley to return because he had violated his residency requirements when he left for Saint Helena. He appealed to
Charles II, who signed a letter requesting that Halley be unconditionally awarded his
438:
In 1676, Flamsteed helped Halley publish his first paper, titled "A Direct and
Geometrical Method of Finding the Aphelia, Eccentricities, and Proportions of the Primary Planets, Without Supposing Equality in Angular Motion", about planetary
3330:
591:, without publishing the solution. Halley asked to see the calculations and was told by Newton that he could not find them, but promised to redo them and send them on later, which he eventually did, in a short treatise titled
1578:] of his religious belief that not every iota of scripture was necessarily divinely inspired is still a matter of some argument. All Oxford appointees had to assent to the Articles of Religion and be approved by the
1002:
Halley succeeded John
Flamsteed in 1720 as Astronomer Royal, a position Halley held until his death in 1742 at the age of 85. He was buried in the graveyard of the old church of St Margaret's, Lee (since rebuilt), at
1603:
the biblical account, Halley had theorized that the gravity of a passing comet could have suddenly raised the oceans in a certain area. Following his failure to obtain the professorship, he investigated ocean
704:
had been able to provide. This article allowed the
British government to sell life annuities at an appropriate price based on the age of the purchaser. Halley's work strongly influenced the development of
673:
consisting of a shell about 500 miles (800 km) thick, two inner concentric shells and an innermost core. He suggested that atmospheres separated these shells, and that each shell had its own
619:, a device in which the atmosphere was replenished by way of weighted barrels of air sent down from the surface. In a demonstration, Halley and five companions dived to 60 feet (18 m) in the
2337:
Halley E. (1686), "An Historical Account of the Trade Winds, and Monsoons, Observable in the Seas between and Near the Tropicks, with an Attempt to Assign the Phisical Cause of the Said Winds",
848:'s collection of voyages and travels (1704), supposedly written by John Locke or by Halley, valourised expeditions such as these as part of a grand expansion of European knowledge of the world:
935:. He published these along with his own reconstruction of Book VIII in the first complete Latin edition in 1710. The same year, he received an honorary degree of doctor of laws from Oxford.
2552:
3057:
Halley's gravesite is in a cemetery at the junction of Lee Terrace and Brandram Road, across from the Victorian Parish Church of St Margaret. The cemetery is a 30-minute walk from the
5259:
789:. On 19 August 1698, he took command of the ship and, in November 1698, sailed on what was the first purely scientific voyage by an English naval vessel. Unfortunately problems of
3565:
A synopsis of the astronomy of comets By Edmund Halley, Savilian Professor of Geometry, at Oxford; And Fellow of the Royal Society. Translated from the Original, printed at Oxford
806:. This task he accomplished in a second Atlantic voyage which lasted until 6 September 1700, and extended from 52 degrees north to 52 degrees south. The results were published in
650:. After Flamsteed wrote to Newton to rally support against Halley, Newton wrote back in hopes of reconciliation, but was unsuccessful. Halley's candidacy was opposed by both the
556:. The symbols he used to represent trailing winds still exist in most modern day weather chart representations. In this article he identified solar heating as the cause of
5204:
587:, much as John Flamsteed had done four years earlier, only to find that Newton had solved the problem, at the instigation of Flamsteed with regard to the orbit of comet
2720:
2639:
Deutsch, A., C. Koeberl, J.D. Blum, B.M. French, B.P. Glass, R. Grieve, P. Horn, E.K. Jessberger, G. Kurat, W.U. Reimold, J. Smit, D. Stöffler, and S.R. Taylor, 1994,
533:, Flamsteed and Hooke had questioned the accuracy of his observations; Halley stayed with Hevelius and checked his observations, finding that they were quite precise.
386:. Halley took a twenty-four-foot (7.3 m) long telescope with him, apparently paid for by his father. While still an undergraduate, Halley published papers on the
3662:
Philosophical Transactions, Giving Some Account of the Present Undertakings, Studies, and Labours of the Ingenious, in Many Considerable Parts of the World. Vol. 33
445:
461:(west of Africa), from which he would be able to observe not only the southern stars, but also some of the northern stars with which to cross-reference them. King
5279:
599:
321:
677:, with each sphere rotating at a different speed. Halley proposed this scheme to explain anomalous compass readings. He envisaged each inner region as having an
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1868:
597:. Halley recognised the importance of the work and returned to Cambridge to arrange its publication with Newton, who instead went on to expand it into his
376:, where he developed his initial interest in astronomy, and was elected captain of the school in 1671. The following year, Halley's mother, Anne (probably
469:
with telescopic sights. Over a year, he made observations with which he would produce the first telescopic catalogue of the southern sky, and observed a
1351:
As for his given name, although the spelling "Edmund" is quite common, "Edmond" is what Halley himself used, according to a 1902 article, though a 2007
540:
had told Halley of his theory that comets were objects in orbit. In September 1682, Halley carried out a series of observations of what became known as
2548:"An account of the cause of the change of the variation of the magnetic needle; with an hypothesis of the structure of the internal parts of the earth"
5224:
5199:
5269:
3654:
3643:
2063:
Jeremiah Horrocks, William Crabtree, and the Lancashire observations of the transit of Venus of 1639, Allan Chapman 2004 Cambridge University Press
496:
published by the Royal Society (1705), in which Halley wrote "An estimate of the quantity of vapours raised out of the sea, derived from experiment"
326:
977:
were two noted to have moved significantly, the latter having progressed 30 arc minutes (about the diameter of the moon) southwards in 1800 years.
4215:
3630:
3616:
5120:
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3372:
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3020:
2996:
2473:
2106:
2019:
689:. He suggested, "Auroral rays are due to particles, which are affected by the magnetic field, the rays parallel to Earth's magnetic field."
4987:
1608:
as an indicator of the Earth's age, since salt is carried to the ocean by rivers. He estimated the Earth to be over 100 million years old.
576:
3532:
3471:
2143:
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4920:
4526:
3919:
3526:
204:
2174:
4149:
3700:
3446:
2698:
2533:
2465:
2307:
1790:
1757:
3628:
Online catalogue of Halley's working papers (part of the Royal Greenwich Observatory Archives held at Cambridge University Library)
3267:
1563:
Halley asked Newton to obtain Flamsteed's observations for him, as his own relationship with the older astronomer had deteriorated.
5254:
1721:
1638:
1258:. As a personal surname, the most common pronunciation in the 21st century, both in Great Britain and in the United States, is
931:
at Oxford. He also completed a new translation of the first four books from the original Greek that had been started by the late
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5219:
4531:
4038:
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3732:
3724:
725:
635:
5214:
3985:
3873:
2915:
1927:
879:
605:
383:
113:
638:
at Oxford. While a candidate for the position, Halley faced the animosity of the Astronomer Royal, John Flamsteed, and the
4239:
4107:
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3641:"Some considerations about the cause of the universal deluge, laid before the Royal Society, on the 12th of December 1694"
2421:
943:
932:
663:
450:
289:
258:
254:
77:
54:
5087:
2602:
548:. Also in 1686, Halley published the second part of the results from his Helenian expedition, being a paper and chart on
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3937:
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2391:
862:
827:
187:
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This contribution caused Flamsteed to nickname Halley "the southern Tycho". Tycho had catalogued the stars observed by
5239:
4208:
4014:
1371:
1075:
510:
301:
300:
could be used to determine the distances between Earth, Venus, and the Sun. Upon his return to England, he was made a
223:
29:
4450:
802:
on 24 August 1699 and sailed again in September 1699 to make extensive observations on the conditions of terrestrial
604:
Kirch. They indicated a periodicity of 575 years, thus appearing in the years 531 and 1106, and presumably heralding
373:
5249:
372:
family and was a wealthy soap-maker in London. As a child, Halley was very interested in mathematics. He studied at
5274:
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1739:
938:
In 1716, Halley suggested a high-precision measurement of the distance between the Earth and the Sun by timing the
833:
4274:
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3326:
3123:
1404:
924:
678:
674:
627:. That same year, at a meeting of the Royal Society, Halley introduced a rudimentary working model of a magnetic
593:
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537:
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3943:
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732:
651:
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3400:
1720:
Might we suggest... simply recogniz both forms, noting that—in the days when Halley lived—there was no rigid
3820:
3814:
2580:
1596:
1517:
This was perhaps the first astronomical mystery solved using Newton's laws by a scientist other than Newton.
1495:
1396:
1097:
1039:
580:
2547:
1027:
when the original Lee church was demolished and rebuilt – it can be seen today on the southern wall of the
509:
degree, which the college granted on 3 December 1678. Just a few days before, Halley had been elected as a
465:
supported his endeavour. Halley sailed to the island in late 1676, then set up an observatory with a large
4870:
4486:
4422:
4309:
4201:
3949:
1572:"To what extent Halley's failure was due the animosity of John Flamsteed or to his stout defence [
1145:
1141:
815:
768:
340:
Beginning in 1698, Halley made sailing expeditions and made observations on the conditions of terrestrial
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2415:
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1913:
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at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich. His marked grave can be seen at St Margaret's Church, Lee Terrace.
814:, or Halleyan, lines appeared. The use of such lines inspired later ideas such as those of isotherms by
811:
462:
427:
305:
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4865:
3627:
2435:
1070:
866:
99:
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5044:
4935:
4759:
4709:
4617:
4602:
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4511:
4407:
4304:
4279:
4137:
4119:
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3808:
3423:
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3135:
2960:
2784:
2214:
1962:
1711:
891:
887:
782:
659:
309:
183:
4536:
1806:
A.C. MDCCXLI. Before 1752 the Julian calendar was used in England. Also, the year began on 25 March.
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4779:
4714:
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3501:
Sarah Irving (2008). "Natural science and the origins of the British empire (London,1704), 92–93".
2938:
2571:
1724:, and that this particular astronomer seemed to prefer the 'u' over the 'o' in his published works.
1550:
1380:
1131:
1117:
1110:
951:
916:
772:
557:
488:
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2892:
Edmond Halley's Reconstruction of the Lost Book of Apollonius's Conics: Translation and Commentary
5149:
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1776:
1707:
1154:
1008:
517:('A catalogue of the stars of the South'), which includes his map and descriptions of 341 stars.
470:
293:
4930:
3611:
1103:
571:
Halley spent most of his time on lunar observations, but was also interested in the problems of
4835:
2772:
1816:
1470:
his "Comets" after the common pronunciation of Halley's Comet in the United States at the time.
564:
and height above sea level. His charts were an important contribution to the emerging field of
5059:
5009:
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4910:
4789:
4769:
4612:
4417:
4314:
4143:
3925:
3850:
3826:
3802:
3442:
3368:
3314:
3304:
3016:
2992:
2911:
2874:
2800:
2737:
2694:
2529:
2469:
2461:
2303:
2238:
2102:
2096:
2015:
1923:
1858:
1853:
1786:
1753:
1579:
1536:
1083:
1024:
845:
838:
781:, so that he could carry out investigations in the South Atlantic into the laws governing the
706:
541:
526:
330:
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3182:
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Halley had noticed that observable geological processes take much longer than implied by the
612:
in a like fashion in 45 BC. It is now known to have an orbital period of circa 10,000 years.
5101:
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5054:
5049:
5029:
4880:
4855:
4819:
4814:
4749:
4683:
4587:
4496:
4491:
4481:
4455:
4402:
4329:
4269:
4244:
4181:
4054:
3844:
3760:
3589:
3246:
2792:
2729:
2346:
2230:
2135:
2064:
2007:
1743:
1643:
1435:
1417:
1317:
1287:
1261:
1235:
1209:
1183:
1124:
1047:
984:
939:
928:
857:
728:
was independently suggested three centuries later, but is generally rejected by geologists.
588:
530:
478:
399:
297:
274:
230:
3529:
describing how transits could be used to measure the Sun's distance, translated from Latin.
2297:
2166:
5074:
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4850:
4794:
4744:
4387:
4284:
4089:
4083:
3907:
3658:
3647:
3634:
3596:
Considerations on the Changes of the Latitudes of Some of the Principal Fixed Stars (1718)
3588:
Material on Halley's life table for Breslau on the Life & Work of Statisticians site:
3557:
3545:
1422:
1038:, it is not the case. The idea can be tracked back to American astronomical texts such as
1016:
823:
790:
786:
740:
639:
337:. It was named after him upon its predicted return in 1758, which he did not live to see.
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3232:
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1715:
709:. The construction of the life-table for Breslau, which followed more primitive work by
473:
across the Sun. Focusing on this latter observation, Halley realised that observing the
5173:
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4607:
4561:
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4392:
4324:
4065:
3997:
3973:
3796:
3766:
3209:
1917:
1692:
1310:
is much more common in the latter context than it is when used as a modern surname.
1028:
912:
883:
760:
701:
655:
643:
506:
474:
395:
278:
3652:"Some farther thoughts upon the same subject, delivered on the 19th of the same month"
3161:
5183:
4999:
4885:
4809:
4774:
4754:
4658:
4622:
4476:
4460:
4249:
4077:
3991:
3955:
3862:
3790:
3476:
3405:
2942:
2757:
2258:
1863:
1780:
1747:
1459:
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631:
using a liquid-filled housing to damp the swing and wobble of the magnetised needle.
609:
402:(England's first), telling him that the leading published tables on the positions of
345:
266:
3032:
1526:
He wrote as late as 1716 in hopes of a future expedition to make these observations.
896:
755:
5168:
5137:
5034:
4994:
4915:
4895:
4860:
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4739:
4734:
4704:
4582:
3913:
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1482:
1467:
1427:
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994:
693:
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458:
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432:
387:
316:
285:
2039:
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1548:
For his payment, he was given 75 unsold copies of the Society's unsuccessful book
521:
presented the catalogue to the Royal Society. In mid-1679, Halley went to Danzig (
3573:
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2905:
2891:
2011:
5019:
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4905:
4875:
4804:
4729:
4699:
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1311:
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778:
710:
616:
411:
349:
199:
173:
165:
103:
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questioned his religious views, largely on the grounds that he had doubted the
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2068:
1463:
1366:
1035:
988:
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795:
714:
697:
682:
624:
549:
501:
378:
369:
361:
262:
60:
3318:
2804:
2796:
2741:
2242:
1752:. Everyman's Reference Library (14 ed.). London: J. M. Dent & Sons.
810:(1701). This was the first such chart to be published and the first on which
4972:
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3301:
Out of the shadow of a giant: Hooke, Halley and the birth of British science
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365:
341:
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161:
83:
64:
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A Collection of Voyages and Travels, some now first printed from manuscript
2733:
2350:
2234:
2167:"Edmond Halley: An Extraordinary Scientist and the Second Astronomer Royal"
720:
The Royal Society censured Halley for suggesting in 1694 that the story of
522:
449:. Influenced by Flamsteed's project to compile a catalogue of stars of the
39:
2879:
The 'Arabick' Interest of the Natural Philosophers in 17th-Century England
4367:
3674:
3098:
3071:
2773:"Humboldt's Map of Isothermal Lines: A Milestone in Thematic Cartography"
1605:
1600:
970:
965:
744:
525:) on behalf of the Society to help resolve a dispute: because astronomer
457:, dropping out of school to do so. He chose the south Atlantic island of
391:
3537:
The National Portrait Gallery (London) has several portraits of Halley:
1872:. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 856.
4840:
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628:
572:
553:
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Halley returned to England in May 1678, and used his data to produce a
466:
403:
169:
3685:
2875:
Arabick Learning in the Correspondence of the Royal Society, 1660–1677
2749:
2715:
2575:
2250:
2218:
685:(and possibly inhabited), and speculated that escaping gas caused the
3538:
3453:
Halley is noted as the first to publish the algebraic version of the
1857:
1158:
974:
908:
686:
407:
4023:
3670:
5132:
4347:
3558:
Some Considerations about the Cause of the Universal Deluge (1694)
3438:
A History of Optics from Greek Antiquity to the Nineteenth Century
1481:(The Art of Living under Water, Otava 2019) by the Finnish writer
1069:
993:
987:, Halley participated in the first attempt to scientifically date
856:
832:
818:
in his maps. In 1701, Halley made a third and final voyage on the
754:
647:
440:
426:
198:
696:, which featured an analysis of age-at-death on the basis of the
325:(1687). From observations Halley made in September 1682, he used
1046:, possibly due to Halley's royal occupations and connections to
959:
of the "fixed" stars (publishing this in 1718) by comparing his
87:
4197:
4027:
3689:
2000:"Edmond Halley and Visual Representation in Natural Philosophy"
4372:
2002:. In Lefèvre, Wolfgang; Renn, Jürgen; Schoepflin, Urs (eds.).
1574:
3552:
An Estimate of the Degrees of the Mortality of Mankind (1693)
2691:
The Three Voyages of Edmond Halley in the Paramore, 1698–1701
1356:
yet standardised, and so he himself used multiple spellings.
1326:
1244:
481:, which would not occur within his lifetime—could be used to
2816:
2814:
2484:
2482:
2321:
2319:
1941:
1939:
1881:
1879:
1034:
Despite the persistent misconception that Halley received a
1011:. He was interred in the same vault as the Astronomer Royal
575:. One problem that attracted his attention was the proof of
2907:
Halley's Quest: A Selfless Genius and His Troubled Paramore
1450:
1444:
1332:
1302:
1296:
1276:
1250:
1224:
1218:
1198:
485:
determine the distances between Earth, Venus, and the Sun.
245:
2553:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London
2101:(2nd ed.). Chichester, U.K.: Springer. p. 123.
1270:
1192:
1144:, New Jersey, intersects with Comet Way on the campus of
239:
3568:. Oxford: John Senex. 1705 – via Internet Archive.
3341:(5). London, UK: British Astronomical Association: 193.
2194:
2192:
942:. In doing so, he was following the method described by
3208:
Hughes, David W.; Green, Daniel W. E. (January 2007).
1691:
Hughes, David W.; Green, Daniel W. E. (January 2007).
882:
at the University of Oxford, his theological enemies,
560:
motions. He also established the relationship between
5085:
2991:. Chichester, UK: Praxis Publishing. pp. 41–42.
837:
Comet-like plaque to Halley in the South Cloister of
315:
Halley encouraged and helped fund the publication of
3013:
Solving Stonehenge, The New Key to an Ancient Enigma
1447:
1329:
1299:
1273:
1247:
1221:
1195:
763:
of equal magnetic declination in the Atlantic Ocean.
242:
4958:
4828:
4692:
4646:
4570:
4469:
4438:
4431:
4338:
4232:
3872:
3731:
3128:
Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada
2716:"Edmond Halley and the Magnetic Field of the Earth"
1441:
1438:
1323:
1320:
1293:
1290:
1267:
1264:
1241:
1238:
1215:
1212:
1189:
1186:
382:Robinson) died. In July 1673, he began studying at
236:
233:
179:
157:
142:
119:
109:
95:
72:
49:
23:
2402:(2). Archived from the original on 14 October 2010
2134:O'Connor, J. J.; Robertson, E. F. (January 2000).
1394:, a second-season episode of the anthology series
1348:, and presumably pronunciations varied similarly.
830:on diplomatic missions to other European leaders.
257:29 October] 1656 – 25 January 1742 [
2603:"10 Illuminating Facts about the Northern Lights"
2396:South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society Journal
1058:Halley married Mary Tooke in 1682 and settled in
713:, is now seen as a major event in the history of
3420:Edmond Halley: Charting the Heavens and the Seas
2721:Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London
2223:Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London
1922:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. 54–59, 282.
1919:Edmond Halley: Charting the Heavens and the Seas
861:Edmond Halley's tombstone, re-positioned at the
3465:. Garden City, New York: Doubleday and Company.
3335:Journal of the British Astronomical Association
2458:Encyclopedia of Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism
1473:Halley is one of the side characters in novels
529:' observing instruments were not equipped with
446:Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society
2904:Wakefield, Julie; Press, Joseph Henry (2005).
1833:
1176:There are three pronunciations of the surname
785:, as well as to refine the coordinates of the
431:Site of Halley's Observatory on the island of
4209:
4039:
3701:
2098:Star Maps: History, Artistry, and Cartography
1015:; the unmarked grave of the Astronomer Royal
808:General Chart of the Variation of the Compass
368:. His father, Edmond Halley Sr., came from a
8:
2948:Astronomical Society of the Pacific Leaflets
2390:Edmonds, Carl; Lowry, C; Pennefather, John.
1908:
1906:
1782:A Pronouncing Dictionary of American English
1642:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1407:was cast as Edmond Halley in the TV series,
739:In 1698, the Czar of Russia (later known as
5260:People educated at St Paul's School, London
3579:annexed on pages 881 to 905 of volume 2 of
2861:
2849:
2820:
2676:
2664:
2652:
2641:The impact-flood connection: Does it exist?
2512:
2500:
2488:
2385:
2383:
2374:
2325:
2283:
2271:
2121:
2079:
2004:The Power of Images in Early Modern Science
1982:
1945:
1897:
1885:
1749:Everyman's English Pronunciation Dictionary
1390:portrayed a fictional version of Halley in
1342:Hailey, Hayley, Haley, Haly, Halley, Hawley
963:measurements with those given in Ptolemy's
600:Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica
322:Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica
296:across the Sun. He realised that a similar
4435:
4216:
4202:
4194:
4046:
4032:
4024:
3708:
3694:
3686:
3664:p. 118–125. – digital facsimile from
2988:Sirius: Brightest Diamond in the Night Sky
2943:"Edmund Halley and Stellar Proper Motions"
2771:Robinson, A. H.; Wallis, Helen M. (1967).
1164:Halley House School, Hackney London (2015)
724:might be an account of a cometary impact.
513:, at the age of 22. In 1679, he published
38:
20:
3122:Rosenfeld, Randall; Edgar, James (2010).
3072:"Photograph of Edmond Halley's Tombstone"
2693:. UK: Hakluyt Society. pp. 129–131.
2040:"Edmond Halley's southern star catalogue"
1848:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1513:
1511:
1378:A fictional version of Halley appears in
1314:, one of Halley's biographers, preferred
1106:, for the numerical solution of equations
1086:(orbital period (approximately) 75 years)
911:and completed the translation started by
869:, some 30 minutes' walk away to the south
453:, Halley proposed to do the same for the
3600:Edmund Halley and Stellar Proper Motions
2365:Great Britain: Chatto and Windus, 2006.
2209:
2207:
1785:. Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster Inc.
1771:
1769:
1667:
1665:
1137:Halley's Mount, Saint Helena (680m high)
669:In 1692, Halley put forth the idea of a
487:
5092:
3617:MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive
3210:"Halley's First Name: Edmond or Edmund"
2006:. Basel: Birkhäuser. pp. 251–262.
1734:
1732:
1693:"Halley's First Name: Edmond or Edmund"
1639:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1620:
1507:
1477:(The Celestial Sphere, Otava 2018) and
1340:. Contemporary accounts spell his name
878:In November 1703, Halley was appointed
692:In 1693 Halley published an article on
3039:. The Shady Old Lady's guide to London
2413:
2198:
1956:
1954:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1583:
980:In 1720, together with his friend the
826:. In 1702, he was dispatched by Queen
284:From an observatory he constructed on
261:14 January 1741]) was an English
5280:Underwater diving equipment inventors
5205:Alumni of the Queen's College, Oxford
3575:A Synopsis of the Astronomy of Comets
3401:"Halley and Post-Restoration Science"
3103:(Issue 14 ed.). London: Horizons
2177:from the original on 14 February 2014
2090:
2088:
1686:
1684:
1554:, which it had depleted its funds on.
902:A Synopsis of the Astronomy of Comets
377:
327:Newton's law of universal gravitation
308:, was granted a master's degree from
7:
5230:British scientific instrument makers
5290:18th-century English mathematicians
5285:17th-century English mathematicians
3503:A Collection of Voyages and Travels
2302:. Blandford Press. pp. 76–78.
2146:from the original on 10 August 2020
1167:Halley Gardens, Blackheath, London.
1044:An Elementary Treatise on Astronomy
634:In 1691, Halley sought the post of
594:On the motion of bodies in an orbit
477:of a planet—more ideally using the
335:Synopsis of the Astronomy of Comets
3270:. Oldies.about.com. Archived from
3033:"Location of Edmond Halley's tomb"
1151:Rue Edmund Halley, Avignon, France
771:, Halley was given command of the
288:in 1676–77, Halley catalogued the
14:
3441:. Oxford University. p. 76.
2910:. USA: National Academies Press.
1062:. The couple had three children.
865:; he is not buried there, but at
731:In 1696, Newton was appointed as
577:Kepler's laws of planetary motion
44:Portrait of Halley (c. 1690)
5225:17th-century English astronomers
5200:18th-century British astronomers
5167:
5155:
5143:
5131:
5119:
5107:
5095:
4176:
4165:
4164:
4009:
3678:
3463:Edmond Halley, Genius in Eclipse
1434:
1316:
1286:
1260:
1234:
1208:
1182:
1074:Halley's map of the path of the
894:methods, he published the paper
787:English colonies in the Americas
410:were erroneous, as were some of
229:
5270:Savilian Professors of Geometry
2296:Lancaster-Brown, Peter (1985).
2165:Sharp, Tim (11 December 2018).
1369:in the 2014 documentary series
890:having died. In 1705, applying
794:commission as a captain in the
767:In 1698, at the behest of King
662:, and the post went instead to
636:Savilian Professor of Astronomy
132:
80:14 January 1741] (aged 85)
3522:Edmond Halley Biography (SEDS)
2643:Terra Nova. v. 6, pp. 644–650.
2630:London: Faber and Faber, 1982.
897:Astronomiae cometicae synopsis
880:Savilian Professor of Geometry
515:Catalogus Stellarum Australium
329:to compute the periodicity of
16:English astronomer (1656–1742)
1:
4240:Biological data visualization
3598:– Reprinted in R. G. Aitken,
3484:(June): 39–44. Archived from
3217:International Comet Quarterly
3124:"2010JRASC.104...28R Page 28"
3097:Redfern, Dave (Summer 2004).
1700:International Comet Quarterly
1678:No. 254, 8 November 1902 p.36
1353:International Comet Quarterly
579:. In August 1684, he went to
451:northern celestial hemisphere
394:. In March 1675, he wrote to
344:. In 1718, he discovered the
290:southern celestial hemisphere
5295:Royal Observatory, Greenwich
5245:Fellows of the Royal Society
4126:Richard van der Riet Woolley
2012:10.1007/978-3-0348-8099-2_13
1834:Gribbin & Gribbin (2017)
1656:UK public library membership
1416:Halley is a major figure in
950:(in which the design of the
863:Royal Observatory, Greenwich
666:, who had Newton's support.
304:, and with the help of King
188:Royal Observatory, Greenwich
4015:University of Oxford portal
3677:(public domain audiobooks)
3422:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
3303:. London: William Collins.
3268:"Guide Profile: Bill Haley"
3015:(Thames & Hudson 2008)
2136:"Edmond Halley - Biography"
1963:"Edmond Halley (1656–1742)"
1779:; Knott, Thomas A. (1953).
1636:(2012) . "Halley, Edmond".
1372:Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey
1076:Solar eclipse of 3 May 1715
907:By 1706 Halley had learned
511:fellow of the Royal Society
423:Publications and inventions
384:The Queen's College, Oxford
302:fellow of the Royal Society
114:The Queen's College, Oxford
5311:
4280:Mathematical visualization
4170:Category:Astronomers Royal
3527:Edmond Halley's 1716 paper
3472:"Edmond Halley – explorer"
3435:Darrigol, Olivier (2012).
3367:. New York: Random House.
3331:"Edmond Halley, Scientist"
2339:Philosophical Transactions
1172:Pronunciation and spelling
846:Awnsham and John Churchill
822:to study the tides of the
759:Halley's 1701 map showing
546:Philosophical Transactions
492:First page to volume I of
4275:Information visualization
4260:Educational visualization
4159:
4061:
4007:
3968:Edward Charles Titchmarsh
3721:
3581:The Elements of Astronomy
2460:, Springer Press (2007),
2420:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
2219:"Halley as an Astronomer"
2069:10.1017/S1743921305001225
1066:Named after Edmond Halley
566:information visualisation
538:Giovanni Domenico Cassini
193:
150:
57:29 October] 1656
37:
4451:Charles-René de Fourcroy
4300:Scientific visualization
4227:of technical information
3944:Henry John Stephen Smith
3622:University of St Andrews
3544:19 December 2006 at the
3461:Ronan, Colin A. (1969).
3390:Armitage, Angus (1966).
3299:; Gribbin, Mary (2017).
3162:"Saying Hallo to Halley"
2985:Holberg, Jay B. (2007).
2974:– via Harvard.edu.
2957:Astrophysics Data System
2797:10.1179/caj.1967.4.2.119
2777:The Cartographic Journal
2626:V. Clube and B. Napier,
2436:"History: Edmond Halley"
1019:is nearby. His original
783:variation of the compass
777:, a 52 feet (16 m)
733:warden of the Royal Mint
652:Archbishop of Canterbury
615:In 1691, Halley built a
5255:Hollow Earth proponents
3657:15 October 2019 at the
3646:15 October 2019 at the
3633:21 October 2012 at the
2862:Sagan & Druyan 1997
2850:Sagan & Druyan 1997
2821:Sagan & Druyan 1997
2689:Halley, Edmond (1982).
2677:Sagan & Druyan 1997
2665:Sagan & Druyan 1997
2653:Sagan & Druyan 1997
2513:Sagan & Druyan 1997
2501:Sagan & Druyan 1997
2489:Sagan & Druyan 1997
2438:. London Diving Chamber
2375:Sagan & Druyan 1997
2326:Sagan & Druyan 1997
2284:Sagan & Druyan 1997
2272:Sagan & Druyan 1997
2122:Sagan & Druyan 1997
2080:Sagan & Druyan 1997
1983:Sagan & Druyan 1997
1946:Sagan & Druyan 1997
1898:Sagan & Druyan 1997
1886:Sagan & Druyan 1997
1869:Encyclopædia Britannica
1597:Genesis flood narrative
1496:History of geomagnetism
1397:Tales from the Darkside
1098:Halley Research Station
1094:Halley (Martian crater)
1040:William Augustus Norton
1023:was transferred by the
277:in Britain, succeeding
253:; 8 November [
5265:People from Shoreditch
5235:English meteorologists
5220:British climatologists
4871:Christopher R. Johnson
4423:Technical illustration
4310:Software visualization
3950:James Joseph Sylvester
3723:Chairs established by
3671:Works by Edmond Halley
3639:Halley, Edmond (1724)
3418:Cook, Alan H. (1998).
2734:10.1098/rsnr.2001.0158
2351:10.1098/rstl.1686.0026
2299:Halley & His Comet
2235:10.1098/rsnr.1957.0008
1859:"Halley, Edmund"
1648:10.1093/ref:odnb/12011
1146:Hackensack High School
1079:
999:
870:
855:
841:
816:Alexander von Humboldt
764:
497:
435:
208:
76:25 January 1742 [
5215:British geophysicists
4765:Lawrence J. Rosenblum
4578:Edward Walter Maunder
4502:Charles Joseph Minard
4320:User interface design
4295:Product visualization
3539:Search the collection
3100:Doing the Halley Walk
3059:Greenwich Observatory
2607:Oceanwide Expeditions
2215:Jones, Harold Spencer
1123:Edmund Halley Drive,
1090:Halley (lunar crater)
1073:
997:
923:from copies found at
860:
850:
836:
798:, recommissioned the
758:
583:to discuss this with
491:
430:
202:
53:8 November [
5045:Scientific modelling
5020:Information graphics
4760:Clifford A. Pickover
4710:William S. Cleveland
4618:Henry Norris Russell
4603:Howard G. Funkhouser
4547:Florence Nightingale
4512:Francis Amasa Walker
4408:Statistical graphics
4330:Volume visualization
4305:Social visualization
4138:Francis Graham-Smith
4120:Harold Spencer Jones
3962:Godfrey Harold Hardy
3608:Robertson, Edmund F.
3470:Seyour, Ian (1996).
3399:Coley, Noel (1986).
3247:"Longitude © (1999)"
2581:Skeptic's Dictionary
2574:(13 February 2006).
2572:Carroll, Robert Todd
2095:Kanas, Nick (2012).
1586:, pp. 198, 201.
1365:Halley is voiced by
1148:, home of the Comets
1120:, Oxford, OX4 4DQ UK
1116:Edmund Halley Road,
892:historical astronomy
888:Bishop Stillingfleet
660:Bishop Stillingfleet
273:. He was the second
184:University of Oxford
5025:Information science
4988:in computer science
4780:Sheelagh Carpendale
4715:George G. Robertson
4552:Karl Wilhelm Pohlke
4487:André-Michel Guerry
4363:Graph of a function
4358:Engineering drawing
4102:George Biddell Airy
3874:Savilian Professors
3733:Savilian Professors
3716:Savilian Professors
3606:O'Connor, John J.;
3488:on 12 February 2011
3428:1998ehch.book.....C
3413:(September): 10–16.
3347:1985JBAA...95..193H
3233:2007ICQ....29....7H
3140:2010JRASC.104...28R
3078:. Flamsteed Society
2965:1942ASPL....4..103A
2890:Michael N. Fried, '
2789:1967CartJ...4..119R
2714:Cook, Alan (2001).
2560:(179–191): 470–478.
2546:Halley, E. (1692).
2526:The Newton Handbook
2392:"History of Diving"
1716:2007ICQ....29....7H
1551:The History of Fish
1384:, a horror podcast.
1381:The Magnus Archives
1132:Greenwich Peninsula
1130:Edmund Halley Way,
1118:Oxford Science Park
1111:Blackburn, Victoria
952:Gregorian telescope
874:Life as an academic
562:barometric pressure
494:Miscellanea curiosa
414:'s star positions.
360:Halley was born in
5240:English physicists
5065:Volume cartography
4829:Early 21st century
4725:Catherine Plaisant
4720:Bruce H. McCormick
4674:Mary Eleanor Spear
4664:Arthur H. Robinson
4598:Arthur Lyon Bowley
4571:Early 20th century
4418:Technical drawings
4290:Molecular graphics
4265:Flow visualization
4255:Data visualization
4114:Frank Watson Dyson
3666:Linda Hall Library
3455:thin lens equation
3274:on 21 January 2012
3225:Harvard University
3187:The New York Times
3183:"Science: Q&A"
3011:Johnson, Anthony,
2628:The Cosmic Serpent
1854:Clerke, Agnes Mary
1722:'correct' spelling
1708:Harvard University
1432:The pronunciation
1155:The Halley Academy
1109:Halley Street, in
1080:
1000:
915:of Books V–VII of
871:
867:St Margaret's, Lee
842:
765:
747:in a wheelbarrow.
498:
471:transit of Mercury
436:
294:transit of Mercury
209:
5275:English inventors
5210:Astronomers Royal
5083:
5082:
5060:Visual perception
5010:Graphic organizer
4983:Computer graphics
4954:
4953:
4936:Martin Wattenberg
4911:Hanspeter Pfister
4866:Martin Krzywinski
4790:Jock D. Mackinlay
4770:Thomas A. DeFanti
4693:Late 20th century
4613:Ejnar Hertzsprung
4315:Technical drawing
4191:
4190:
4144:Arnold Wolfendale
4055:Astronomers Royal
4021:
4020:
3926:Abraham Robertson
3851:George Efstathiou
3827:Charles Pritchard
3803:Abraham Robertson
3394:. London: Nelson.
3374:978-0-3078-0105-0
3310:978-0-00-822059-4
3021:978-0-500-05155-9
2998:978-0-387-48941-4
2939:Aitken, Robert G.
2852:, pp. 66–67.
2832:Halley or Locke,'
2667:, pp. 67–68.
2474:978-1-4020-3992-8
2108:978-1-4614-0917-5
2021:978-3-0348-8099-2
1900:, pp. 40–41.
1821:astro.uni-bonn.de
1744:Gimson, Alfred C.
1676:Notes and Queries
1654:(Subscription or
1580:Church of England
1537:Johannes Hevelius
1466:, who called his
839:Westminster Abbey
751:Exploration years
707:actuarial science
531:telescopic sights
527:Johannes Hevelius
483:trigonometrically
197:
196:
152:Scientific career
104:Lee, South London
5302:
5172:
5171:
5160:
5159:
5158:
5148:
5147:
5146:
5136:
5135:
5124:
5123:
5112:
5111:
5100:
5099:
5098:
5091:
5070:Volume rendering
5055:Visual analytics
5050:Spatial analysis
5030:Misleading graph
4881:David McCandless
4856:Gordon Kindlmann
4820:Alfred Inselberg
4815:Leland Wilkinson
4750:Michael Friendly
4684:Howard T. Fisher
4647:Mid 20th century
4588:W. E. B. Du Bois
4492:William Playfair
4482:Adolphe Quetelet
4456:Joseph Priestley
4439:Pre-19th century
4436:
4403:Skeletal formula
4270:Geovisualization
4245:Chemical imaging
4218:
4211:
4204:
4195:
4182:Portal:Astronomy
4180:
4168:
4167:
4108:William Christie
4048:
4041:
4034:
4025:
4013:
3845:Donald Blackwell
3761:Christopher Wren
3725:Sir Henry Savile
3710:
3703:
3696:
3687:
3682:
3681:
3624:
3594:Halley, Edmund,
3583:by David Gregory
3572:Halley, Edmund,
3569:
3556:Halley, Edmond,
3550:Halley, Edmond,
3533:A Halley Odyssey
3510:
3497:
3495:
3493:
3466:
3452:
3431:
3414:
3395:
3378:
3350:
3327:Hughes, David W.
3322:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3279:
3264:
3258:
3257:
3255:
3253:
3243:
3237:
3236:
3214:
3205:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3194:
3179:
3173:
3172:
3170:
3168:
3157:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3146:
3119:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3108:
3094:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3083:
3068:
3062:
3055:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3044:
3037:shadyoldlady.com
3029:
3023:
3009:
3003:
3002:
2982:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2971:
2955:(164). SAO/NASA
2941:(October 1942).
2935:
2929:
2928:
2926:
2924:
2901:
2895:
2888:
2882:
2871:
2865:
2859:
2853:
2847:
2841:
2830:
2824:
2818:
2809:
2808:
2768:
2762:
2761:
2711:
2705:
2704:
2686:
2680:
2674:
2668:
2662:
2656:
2650:
2644:
2637:
2631:
2624:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2613:
2599:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2568:
2562:
2561:
2543:
2537:
2524:Derek Gjertsen,
2522:
2516:
2510:
2504:
2498:
2492:
2486:
2477:
2456:Gubbins, David,
2454:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2443:
2432:
2426:
2425:
2419:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2387:
2378:
2372:
2366:
2359:
2353:
2335:
2329:
2323:
2314:
2313:
2293:
2287:
2281:
2275:
2269:
2263:
2262:
2211:
2202:
2196:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2162:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2151:
2131:
2125:
2119:
2113:
2112:
2092:
2083:
2077:
2071:
2061:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2032:
2026:
2025:
1992:
1986:
1980:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1958:
1949:
1943:
1934:
1933:
1910:
1901:
1895:
1889:
1883:
1874:
1873:
1861:
1850:
1837:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1817:"Halley, Edmond"
1813:
1807:
1803:
1797:
1796:
1773:
1764:
1763:
1736:
1727:
1726:
1697:
1688:
1679:
1669:
1660:
1659:
1651:
1630:
1609:
1599:. In attempt to
1593:
1587:
1570:
1564:
1561:
1555:
1546:
1540:
1533:
1527:
1524:
1518:
1515:
1457:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1428:Sir Isaac Newton
1418:David Williamson
1360:In popular media
1339:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1309:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1283:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1257:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1231:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1205:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1125:Reston, Virginia
1048:Sir Isaac Newton
985:William Stukeley
940:transit of Venus
929:Bodleian Library
726:A similar theory
646:as given in the
479:transit of Venus
400:Astronomer Royal
381:
374:St Paul's School
298:transit of Venus
275:Astronomer Royal
252:
251:
248:
247:
244:
241:
238:
235:
226:
205:Richard Phillips
136:
134:
42:
32:
21:
5310:
5309:
5305:
5304:
5303:
5301:
5300:
5299:
5180:
5179:
5178:
5166:
5156:
5154:
5144:
5142:
5130:
5118:
5106:
5096:
5094:
5086:
5084:
5079:
5075:Information art
5015:Imaging science
4960:
4950:
4931:Fernanda Viégas
4926:Moritz Stefaner
4851:Jessica Hullman
4824:
4795:Alan MacEachren
4745:Ben Shneiderman
4688:
4642:
4566:
4465:
4427:
4340:
4334:
4285:Medical imaging
4228:
4222:
4192:
4187:
4155:
4090:Nevil Maskelyne
4084:Nathaniel Bliss
4057:
4052:
4022:
4017:
4003:
3908:Nathaniel Bliss
3875:
3868:
3743:John Bainbridge
3734:
3727:
3717:
3714:
3679:
3659:Wayback Machine
3648:Wayback Machine
3635:Wayback Machine
3612:"Edmond Halley"
3605:
3562:
3546:Wayback Machine
3518:
3513:
3500:
3491:
3489:
3469:
3460:
3449:
3434:
3417:
3398:
3389:
3385:
3383:Further reading
3375:
3353:
3329:(August 1985).
3325:
3311:
3295:
3292:
3287:
3277:
3275:
3266:
3265:
3261:
3251:
3249:
3245:
3244:
3240:
3212:
3207:
3206:
3202:
3192:
3190:
3181:
3180:
3176:
3166:
3164:
3159:
3158:
3154:
3144:
3142:
3121:
3120:
3116:
3106:
3104:
3096:
3095:
3091:
3081:
3079:
3070:
3069:
3065:
3056:
3052:
3042:
3040:
3031:
3030:
3026:
3010:
3006:
2999:
2984:
2983:
2979:
2969:
2967:
2937:
2936:
2932:
2922:
2920:
2918:
2903:
2902:
2898:
2889:
2885:
2872:
2868:
2860:
2856:
2848:
2844:
2831:
2827:
2819:
2812:
2770:
2769:
2765:
2713:
2712:
2708:
2701:
2688:
2687:
2683:
2675:
2671:
2663:
2659:
2651:
2647:
2638:
2634:
2625:
2621:
2611:
2609:
2601:
2600:
2596:
2586:
2584:
2570:
2569:
2565:
2545:
2544:
2540:
2523:
2519:
2511:
2507:
2499:
2495:
2487:
2480:
2455:
2451:
2441:
2439:
2434:
2433:
2429:
2412:
2405:
2403:
2389:
2388:
2381:
2373:
2369:
2361:Peter Ackroyd.
2360:
2356:
2336:
2332:
2324:
2317:
2310:
2295:
2294:
2290:
2282:
2278:
2270:
2266:
2213:
2212:
2205:
2197:
2190:
2180:
2178:
2164:
2163:
2159:
2149:
2147:
2133:
2132:
2128:
2120:
2116:
2109:
2094:
2093:
2086:
2078:
2074:
2062:
2058:
2048:
2046:
2034:
2033:
2029:
2022:
1994:
1993:
1989:
1981:
1977:
1967:
1965:
1960:
1959:
1952:
1944:
1937:
1930:
1912:
1911:
1904:
1896:
1892:
1884:
1877:
1852:
1851:
1840:
1832:
1828:
1815:
1814:
1810:
1804:
1800:
1793:
1777:Kenyon, John S.
1775:
1774:
1767:
1760:
1738:
1737:
1730:
1695:
1690:
1689:
1682:
1670:
1663:
1653:
1632:
1631:
1622:
1618:
1613:
1612:
1594:
1590:
1571:
1567:
1562:
1558:
1547:
1543:
1534:
1530:
1525:
1521:
1516:
1509:
1504:
1492:
1437:
1433:
1423:Nearer the Gods
1362:
1319:
1315:
1289:
1285:
1263:
1259:
1237:
1233:
1211:
1207:
1185:
1181:
1174:
1127:, United States
1104:Halley's method
1068:
1056:
1017:Nathaniel Bliss
955:discovered the
876:
844:The preface to
824:English Channel
791:insubordination
753:
741:Peter the Great
687:aurora borealis
640:Anglican Church
425:
420:
358:
319:'s influential
292:and recorded a
232:
228:
222:
186:
138:
135: 1682)
130:
126:
110:Alma mater
91:
81:
68:
58:
45:
33:
28:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5308:
5306:
5298:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5250:Halley's Comet
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5182:
5181:
5177:
5176:
5164:
5152:
5140:
5128:
5116:
5104:
5081:
5080:
5078:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5040:Patent drawing
5037:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5005:Graphic design
5002:
4997:
4992:
4991:
4990:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4964:
4962:
4956:
4955:
4952:
4951:
4949:
4948:
4946:Hadley Wickham
4943:
4938:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4901:Tamara Munzner
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4832:
4830:
4826:
4825:
4823:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4800:David Goodsell
4797:
4792:
4787:
4785:Cynthia Brewer
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4696:
4694:
4690:
4689:
4687:
4686:
4681:
4679:Edgar Anderson
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4654:Jacques Bertin
4650:
4648:
4644:
4643:
4641:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4608:John B. Peddle
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4574:
4572:
4568:
4567:
4565:
4564:
4562:Francis Galton
4559:
4557:Toussaint Loua
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4537:Georg von Mayr
4534:
4529:
4527:Matthew Sankey
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4473:
4471:
4467:
4466:
4464:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4442:
4440:
4433:
4429:
4428:
4426:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4393:Sankey diagram
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4344:
4342:
4336:
4335:
4333:
4332:
4327:
4325:Visual culture
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4236:
4234:
4230:
4229:
4223:
4221:
4220:
4213:
4206:
4198:
4189:
4188:
4186:
4185:
4173:
4160:
4157:
4156:
4154:
4153:
4147:
4141:
4135:
4129:
4123:
4117:
4111:
4105:
4099:
4093:
4087:
4081:
4075:
4069:
4066:John Flamsteed
4062:
4059:
4058:
4053:
4051:
4050:
4043:
4036:
4028:
4019:
4018:
4008:
4005:
4004:
4002:
4001:
3998:Frances Kirwan
3995:
3989:
3986:Richard Taylor
3983:
3977:
3974:Michael Atiyah
3971:
3965:
3959:
3953:
3947:
3941:
3935:
3932:Stephen Rigaud
3929:
3923:
3917:
3911:
3905:
3899:
3893:
3887:
3880:
3878:
3870:
3869:
3867:
3866:
3860:
3854:
3848:
3842:
3839:Harry Plaskett
3836:
3833:Herbert Turner
3830:
3824:
3821:William Donkin
3818:
3815:George Johnson
3812:
3809:Stephen Rigaud
3806:
3800:
3797:Thomas Hornsby
3794:
3788:
3782:
3776:
3770:
3767:Edward Bernard
3764:
3758:
3752:
3746:
3739:
3737:
3729:
3728:
3722:
3719:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3712:
3705:
3698:
3690:
3684:
3683:
3668:
3637:
3625:
3603:
3592:
3590:Halley, Edmond
3586:
3585:
3584:
3560:
3554:
3548:
3535:
3530:
3524:
3517:
3516:External links
3514:
3512:
3511:
3509:(June): 92–93.
3498:
3467:
3458:
3447:
3432:
3415:
3396:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3380:
3379:
3373:
3351:
3323:
3309:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3285:
3259:
3238:
3200:
3174:
3152:
3114:
3089:
3063:
3050:
3024:
3004:
2997:
2977:
2930:
2916:
2896:
2894:', Spring 2011
2883:
2866:
2854:
2842:
2825:
2810:
2783:(2): 119–123.
2763:
2728:(3): 473–490.
2706:
2699:
2681:
2669:
2657:
2645:
2632:
2619:
2594:
2576:"hollow Earth"
2563:
2538:
2517:
2505:
2493:
2478:
2449:
2427:
2379:
2367:
2354:
2330:
2315:
2308:
2288:
2276:
2264:
2229:(2): 175–192.
2203:
2201:, p. 202.
2188:
2157:
2126:
2114:
2107:
2084:
2072:
2056:
2027:
2020:
1987:
1975:
1950:
1935:
1928:
1902:
1890:
1875:
1864:Chisholm, Hugh
1838:
1836:, p. 267.
1826:
1808:
1798:
1791:
1765:
1758:
1728:
1680:
1661:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1588:
1565:
1556:
1541:
1528:
1519:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1486:
1471:
1430:
1414:
1401:
1385:
1376:
1361:
1358:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1157:, a school in
1152:
1149:
1140:Halley Drive,
1138:
1135:
1128:
1121:
1114:
1107:
1101:
1095:
1092:
1087:
1084:Halley's Comet
1078:across England
1067:
1064:
1055:
1052:
1029:Camera Obscura
998:Halley's grave
948:Optica Promota
913:Edward Bernard
884:John Tillotson
875:
872:
761:isogonic lines
752:
749:
702:Caspar Neumann
694:life annuities
675:magnetic poles
656:John Tillotson
542:Halley's Comet
507:Master of Arts
475:solar parallax
424:
421:
419:
416:
396:John Flamsteed
357:
354:
331:Halley's Comet
279:John Flamsteed
195:
194:
191:
190:
181:
177:
176:
159:
155:
154:
148:
147:
144:
140:
139:
128:
124:
123:
121:
117:
116:
111:
107:
106:
100:St. Margaret's
97:
93:
92:
82:
74:
70:
69:
59:
51:
47:
46:
43:
35:
34:
27:
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5307:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5187:
5185:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5163:
5153:
5151:
5141:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5127:
5122:
5117:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5103:
5093:
5089:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
5000:Graph drawing
4998:
4996:
4993:
4989:
4986:
4985:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4965:
4963:
4957:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4921:Claudio Silva
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4886:Mauro Martino
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4833:
4831:
4827:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4810:Michael Maltz
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4775:George Furnas
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4755:Howard Wainer
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4697:
4695:
4691:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4659:Rudolf Modley
4657:
4655:
4652:
4651:
4649:
4645:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4623:Max O. Lorenz
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4575:
4573:
4569:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4532:Charles Booth
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4507:Luigi Perozzo
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4497:August Kekulé
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4477:Charles Dupin
4475:
4474:
4472:
4468:
4462:
4461:Gaspard Monge
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4446:Edmond Halley
4444:
4443:
4441:
4437:
4434:
4430:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
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3477:History Today
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3448:9780191627453
3444:
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3407:
3406:History Today
3402:
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3392:Edmond Halley
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3189:. 14 May 1985
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3160:Ian Ridpath.
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2864:, p. 66.
2863:
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2826:
2823:, p. 70.
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2700:0-904180-02-6
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2679:, p. 68.
2678:
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2655:, p. 67.
2654:
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2534:0-7102-0279-2
2531:
2527:
2521:
2518:
2515:, p. 63.
2514:
2509:
2506:
2503:, p. 59.
2502:
2497:
2494:
2491:, p. 62.
2490:
2485:
2483:
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2475:
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2467:
2466:1-4020-3992-1
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2377:, p. 64.
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2348:
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2328:, p. 56.
2327:
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2311:
2309:0-7137-1447-6
2305:
2301:
2300:
2292:
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2286:, p. 48.
2285:
2280:
2277:
2274:, p. 44.
2273:
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2141:
2140:Maths History
2137:
2130:
2127:
2124:, p. 45.
2123:
2118:
2115:
2110:
2104:
2100:
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2091:
2089:
2085:
2082:, p. 60.
2081:
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2045:
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2028:
2023:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1991:
1988:
1985:, p. 42.
1984:
1979:
1976:
1964:
1957:
1955:
1951:
1948:, p. 41.
1947:
1942:
1940:
1936:
1931:
1925:
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1909:
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1888:, p. 40.
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1755:
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1740:Jones, Daniel
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1054:Personal life
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957:proper motion
953:
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944:James Gregory
941:
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933:David Gregory
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350:"fixed" stars
347:
346:proper motion
343:
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318:
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267:mathematician
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207:, before 1722
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94:
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62:
56:
52:
48:
41:
36:
31:
25:Edmond Halley
22:
19:
5162:Solar System
5035:Neuroimaging
4995:CPK coloring
4978:Color coding
4916:Hans Rosling
4896:Miriah Meyer
4861:Aaron Koblin
4846:Jeffrey Heer
4740:Edward Tufte
4735:Pat Hanrahan
4705:Nigel Holmes
4583:Otto Neurath
4522:Oliver Byrne
4470:19th century
4445:
4175:
4163:
4071:
4000: (2017)
3994: (1997)
3988: (1995)
3982: (1969)
3976: (1963)
3970: (1931)
3964: (1919)
3958: (1897)
3952: (1883)
3946: (1861)
3940: (1827)
3938:Baden Powell
3934: (1810)
3928: (1797)
3922: (1766)
3916: (1765)
3914:Joseph Betts
3910: (1742)
3904: (1704)
3901:
3898: (1649)
3892: (1631)
3890:Peter Turner
3886: (1619)
3884:Henry Briggs
3865: (2012)
3859: (1999)
3853: (1994)
3847: (1960)
3841: (1932)
3835: (1893)
3829: (1870)
3823: (1842)
3817: (1839)
3811: (1827)
3805: (1810)
3799: (1763)
3793: (1721)
3787: (1712)
3781: (1709)
3779:John Caswell
3775: (1691)
3769: (1673)
3763: (1661)
3757: (1649)
3751: (1642)
3749:John Greaves
3745: (1620)
3735:of Astronomy
3661:
3615:
3599:
3580:
3574:
3564:
3506:
3502:
3490:. Retrieved
3486:the original
3481:
3475:
3462:
3437:
3419:
3410:
3404:
3391:
3363:
3338:
3334:
3300:
3276:. Retrieved
3272:the original
3262:
3250:. Retrieved
3241:
3220:
3216:
3203:
3191:. Retrieved
3186:
3177:
3165:. Retrieved
3155:
3143:. Retrieved
3131:
3127:
3117:
3105:. Retrieved
3099:
3092:
3080:. Retrieved
3075:
3066:
3053:
3041:. Retrieved
3036:
3027:
3012:
3007:
2987:
2980:
2968:. Retrieved
2959:(ADS): 108.
2952:
2946:
2933:
2921:. Retrieved
2906:
2899:
2886:
2878:
2873:M.B. Hall, '
2869:
2857:
2845:
2837:
2828:
2780:
2776:
2766:
2725:
2719:
2709:
2690:
2684:
2672:
2660:
2648:
2640:
2635:
2627:
2622:
2610:. Retrieved
2606:
2597:
2585:. Retrieved
2579:
2566:
2557:
2551:
2541:
2525:
2520:
2508:
2496:
2457:
2452:
2440:. Retrieved
2430:
2416:cite journal
2404:. Retrieved
2399:
2395:
2370:
2362:
2357:
2342:
2338:
2333:
2298:
2291:
2279:
2267:
2226:
2222:
2179:. Retrieved
2170:
2160:
2148:. Retrieved
2139:
2129:
2117:
2097:
2075:
2059:
2047:. Retrieved
2043:
2036:Ridpath, Ian
2030:
2003:
1990:
1978:
1966:. Retrieved
1918:
1893:
1867:
1829:
1820:
1811:
1801:
1781:
1748:
1719:
1703:
1699:
1675:
1671:
1637:
1591:
1573:
1568:
1559:
1549:
1544:
1531:
1522:
1483:Olli Jalonen
1478:
1475:Taivaanpallo
1474:
1468:backing band
1458:was used by
1421:
1408:
1395:
1391:
1388:Fritz Weaver
1379:
1370:
1352:
1350:
1345:
1341:
1180:. These are
1177:
1175:
1100:, Antarctica
1057:
1043:
1033:
1001:
979:
964:
947:
937:
920:
906:
901:
895:
877:
851:
843:
819:
807:
799:
773:
766:
738:
730:
722:Noah's flood
719:
691:
671:hollow Earth
668:
633:
621:River Thames
614:
598:
592:
585:Isaac Newton
570:
545:
535:
519:Robert Hooke
514:
499:
493:
459:Saint Helena
455:southern sky
444:
437:
433:Saint Helena
388:Solar System
359:
339:
334:
333:in his 1705
320:
317:Isaac Newton
314:
286:Saint Helena
283:
219:
215:
211:
210:
203:Portrait by
180:Institutions
151:
18:
5195:1742 deaths
5190:1656 births
5150:Outer space
5114:Mathematics
4968:Cartography
4906:Ade Olufeko
4876:Manuel Lima
4805:Kwan-Liu Ma
4730:Stuart Card
4700:Borden Dent
4638:Erwin Raisz
4593:Henry Gantt
4150:Martin Rees
4132:Martin Ryle
3896:John Wallis
3876:of Geometry
3857:Joseph Silk
3359:Druyan, Ann
3355:Sagan, Carl
2199:Hughes 1985
2049:22 February
1584:Hughes 1985
1479:Merenpeitto
1392:Comet Watch
1312:Colin Ronan
1113:, Australia
982:antiquarian
961:astrometric
769:William III
711:John Graunt
700:statistics
644:Earth's age
617:diving bell
558:atmospheric
550:trade winds
412:Tycho Brahe
174:cartography
166:mathematics
5184:Categories
4891:John Maeda
4669:John Tukey
4633:Harry Beck
4628:Fritz Kahn
4378:Photograph
3980:Ioan James
3920:John Smith
3785:John Keill
3278:8 November
3193:8 November
3167:8 November
2917:0309095948
2840:, p.lxxiii
2442:6 December
2044:Star Tales
1996:Cook, Alan
1929:0198500319
1914:Cook, Alan
1658:required.)
1634:Cook, Alan
1616:References
1464:Bill Haley
1367:Cary Elwes
1142:Hackensack
1036:knighthood
1009:Blackheath
989:Stonehenge
917:Apollonius
796:Royal Navy
715:demography
681:and being
679:atmosphere
625:barotrauma
463:Charles II
370:Derbyshire
362:Haggerston
356:Early life
306:Charles II
263:astronomer
125:Mary Tooke
61:Haggerston
5102:Biography
4973:Chartjunk
4941:Bang Wong
4836:Polo Chau
4542:John Snow
4517:John Venn
4398:Schematic
4383:Pictogram
4096:John Pond
3755:Seth Ward
3492:26 August
3319:966239842
3134:(1): 28.
3107:5 January
3082:5 January
3043:5 January
2923:5 January
2805:0008-7041
2758:122788971
2742:0035-9149
2612:24 August
2345::153–168
2259:202574705
2243:0035-9149
2171:Space.com
1746:(1977) .
1674:(London)
1672:The Times
1410:Longitude
1405:John Wood
1161:, England
1060:Islington
1025:Admiralty
1021:tombstone
1013:John Pond
1007:Terrace,
804:magnetism
606:the death
581:Cambridge
536:By 1681,
366:Middlesex
342:magnetism
281:in 1720.
271:physicist
162:Astronomy
90:, England
84:Greenwich
67:, England
65:Middlesex
4959:Related
4368:Ideogram
3675:LibriVox
3655:Archived
3644:Archived
3631:Archived
3542:Archived
3361:(1997).
2536:, pg 250
2406:17 March
2217:(1957).
2175:Archived
2144:Archived
1998:(2003).
1968:28 March
1916:(1998).
1856:(1911).
1606:salinity
1490:See also
1426:, about
1420:'s play
1413:in 2000.
1134:, London
1042:'s 1839
971:Arcturus
966:Almagest
927:and the
820:Paramour
812:isogonic
800:Paramour
774:Paramour
745:Deptford
683:luminous
554:monsoons
392:sunspots
143:Children
5174:Science
5126:Physics
5088:Portals
4841:Ben Fry
4353:Diagram
3424:Bibcode
3343:Bibcode
3290:Sources
3252:22 June
3229:Bibcode
3136:Bibcode
2970:27 June
2961:Bibcode
2881:, p.154
2838:Preface
2785:Bibcode
2587:23 July
2476:, p. 67
2363:Newton.
2181:28 June
2150:28 June
1866:(ed.).
1712:Bibcode
1601:explain
1462:singer
1232:, and
698:Breslau
629:compass
573:gravity
467:sextant
404:Jupiter
348:of the
170:physics
137:
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4961:topics
4432:People
4339:Image
4233:Fields
4152:(1995)
4146:(1991)
4140:(1982)
4134:(1972)
4128:(1956)
4122:(1933)
4116:(1910)
4110:(1881)
4104:(1835)
4098:(1811)
4092:(1765)
4086:(1762)
4080:(1742)
4074:(1720)
4068:(1675)
3602:(1942)
3577:(1715)
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925:Leiden
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909:Arabic
658:, and
523:Gdańsk
441:orbits
418:Career
408:Saturn
398:, the
310:Oxford
220:Halley
216:Edmund
212:Edmond
158:Fields
120:Spouse
5138:Stars
4413:Table
4348:Chart
4341:types
3364:Comet
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3213:(PDF)
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2255:S2CID
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1862:. In
1696:(PDF)
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648:Bible
589:Kirch
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3443:ISBN
3369:ISBN
3315:OCLC
3305:ISBN
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3147:2022
3109:2015
3084:2015
3045:2015
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2993:ISBN
2972:2021
2925:2015
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2801:ISSN
2738:ISSN
2695:ISBN
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2589:2006
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2470:ISBN
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2304:ISBN
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