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it increasingly difficult for sports teams to travel. Additionally, despite Page's continuous efforts to find suitable competition over the years, no team had ever proven themselves consistently good enough to be a clear rival for the Grads. The Grads' dominance in basketball no longer attracted the same attention it had before, and regular game attendance had been shrinking.
29:
213:. They won every game, defeating women's teams from Paris, Roubaix, Strasbourg and Lille with an average score of 60–10. After their final match, the team traveled through Europe on holiday. Page and two of his players — Winnie Martin and Daisy Johnson — returned to Paris for the third congress of the
143:, his teaching assistant chose to coach the boys team, while Page coached the girls. Despite having only a basic knowledge of basketball, Page improved his understanding of the sport through study. He held practices twice-weekly. The high school had no gymnasium, so students practiced basketball on an
339:
As the most successful women's basketball team of the early 20th century, the
Edmonton Grads made news headlines across North America and as far away as Hong Kong and the Philippines. Their success had a strong impact on public attitudes towards female athletes, making it more socially acceptable for
275:
took over the
Edmonton Arena for wartime use, depriving the Grads of a local space in which to play against international teams. The commencement of World War II disrupted regular basketball competition throughout Europe and beyond, causing the cancellation of tournaments and championships and making
176:
challenged the Grads, winning the match by two points and taking the trophy. In
November of that year, the Grads had a rematch and successfully regained their title as provincial champions. The University of Alberta challenged the Grads again in April 1920 and lost the match, but immediately demanded
322:
Biographer M. Ann Hall has suggested that this total number of games played (522) may be incorrect, partially because official record-keeping of the Grads' games only began to be taken seriously after their national championship win in 1922. Based on her research, Hall proposes that the Grads played
392:
in
Edmonton, where they offer summer basketball programs for girls. In 2015, a mural dedicated to the Grads was unveiled at the Saville Centre, and the board of governors of the Edmonton Grads Basketball Centre announced they would begin awarding an annual Commercial Grads scholarship to members of
154:
Upon graduation from McDougall High School in mid-1915, the team members decided they wanted to continue playing basketball, establishing what eventually became the
Commercial Graduates Basketball Club. Their new basketball team was called the Commercial Graduates (known informally as "the Grads").
168:
In 1915, the Grads defeated women's basketball teams across
Alberta to become provincial champions. Teams were allowed to challenge the title holders to a match at any time during the year—with a three-month wait between rematches, if defeated—and the Grads successfully held on to their trophy for
298:
Page encouraged his players to "play basketball, think basketball, and dream basketball." He put firm emphasis on the moral behavior of his team, insisting that the Grads strive for a clean game at all times. During road trips, Page enforced a curfew, and players were discouraged from drinking or
286:
Some Grads players went on to join other
Canadian basketball teams, such as the Comets and the Hedlunds. The Grads continued to stay in touch with each other after disbandment, meeting for reunions every four years. In 1961, the Grads decided to form an official organization to help them stay
247:, to defend their world title. After winning the Canadian women's championship of 1928, the Grads arrived in Europe and played nine matches. They won every match, beating most teams by 60 or 70 points, and the Grads finished their tour by defeating the French champions by 46–14.
383:
in
Knoxville, Tennessee, commemorated the Grads with an honorary plaque. In 2014, Canada Basketball launched its first Edmonton Grads International Classic event, named in honour of the Grads. Taking place every two years, this event has pitted the
243:, and basketball did not receive a place on the program. However, the Fédération Sportive Féminine Internationale had organized a European women's basketball tour in cooperation with the Olympics, and the federation invited the Grads to travel to
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287:
connected and answer public inquiries about the team. They established the
Edmonton Grads Club, beginning to collect and preserve archive material and memorabilia, and the group continued to hold official reunions until 1987.
250:
In addition to dominating their sport in North
America, the Grads also took on the best teams in Europe, ultimately defeating challengers in Paris, London, Amsterdam, and Berlin. The Grads swept four consecutive
217:(International Women's Sports Federation). The federation formally admitted Canada as a member and declared the Grads world basketball champions, permitting the team to hold the title until the next world games.
318:
Official records have traditionally stated that the Grads played a total of 522 official games between 1915 and 1940, with 502 wins and 20 losses. This gives the team an overall win-loss percentage of 96.2%.
159:
to train and recruit his new players: promising high school students were invited to join a secondary team called the Gradettes, and the best Gradettes were promoted to the Grads whenever a space opened up.
355:
polled sportscasters and sports editors across the country in 1950, the Grads were voted Canada's greatest basketball team of the first half of the 20th century. In 1976 the Grads' success was designated a
255:
from 1924 to 1936, winning all 24 Olympic matches they played. This achievement was unrecognized on the medal podium, however, as women's basketball did not become an official Olympic sport until the
196:
155:
Page remained coach for the team. Members were recruited primarily from McDougall High School students and graduates, but also from other business and technical schools. Page also established a
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The Grads retained their amateur status to make sure they would be eligible for the Olympics if basketball was made an official Olympic sport. In 1924, the Grads were invited to play at the
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another game, complaining that the Grads had improperly allowed a younger high-school-aged player on their team. After another game, the Grads lost the title to their rivals once more.
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the next several years. In 1917, with a growing reputation for beating all challengers, the Grads retained their provincial champion status without needing to defend it once.
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of 1926, basketball was not included at that year's event, and the Grads remained in North America to compete against Canadian and American teams.
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against teams from Brazil, China and Turkey. A non-profit organization called the Edmonton Grads Basketball Centre currently operates out of the
364:
dedicated a plaque in the team's honour. In 1983, the Canada Basketball Hall of Fame inducted the entire team roster of 38 players. In 1987, the
94:, Canada active from 1912 – 1940. The team continues to hold the North American record for the women's sports team with the best
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r. Beginning their first year of competitive play in 1914, the McDougall High School girls team won a local high school tournament.
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a total of 412 games, with 392 wins and 20 losses. This approach would affect the team's winning percentage only slightly (95.1%).
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Over the next two years, the Grads advocated for the inclusion of basketball — both men's and women's — as a sport at the
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Returning home as world champions, the Grads gained new sponsors and financial support in Canada. Page secured the
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283:, the inventor of basketball, called the Grads the "finest basketball team that ever stepped out on a floor."
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as a permanent home venue for the team. Although the Grads were hopeful of returning to Europe for the
83:
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In 1923, Canadian and American women's basketball champion teams competed for the first international
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The Grads are playing tonight! : the story of the Edmonton Commercial Graduates Basketball Club
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and defeated them with a two-game score of 53–33, becoming the inaugural Underwood Trophy winners.
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women to play sports. The Grads National Basketball Championship in 1932 was essential to the
290:
On July 23, 2018, the last surviving member of the Grads, Kay MacBeth, died at the age of 96.
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306:, where he served as a politician until 1959. In late 1959, at the age of 72, Page became
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310:. He held the position until 1966. Page died in 1973, due to complications of pneumonia.
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The final Edmonton Grads roster, joined by former players, photographed July 3, 1940
299:
smoking. He was described by his players as "a nice man and a wonderful gentleman".
361:
1047:"This Canadian basketball team ruled the world — and now gets a moment of fame"
279:
In May 1940, the Grads won their last Canadian championship before disbanding.
200:
The Edmonton Grads in 1923, winners of the first Underwood International Trophy
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released a Heritage Minute clip about the team for International Women's Day.
372:. In the late 1980s, the city of Edmonton established Edmonton Grads Park in
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women's hockey team, helping them gain support to travel east and play the
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After the team disbanded in 1940, Page was subsequently elected to the
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59:
1162:"The Edmonton Grads were champions long before the Toronto Raptors"
1020:"Kay MacBeth, last surviving member of Edmonton Grads, dies at 96"
330:
195:
1218:
Women on Ice: The Early Years of Women's Hockey in Western Canada
1141:"Mural celebrates Edmonton Grads' quarter century of dominance"
135:. Page soon taught commercial classes at the newly established
1093:
Immodest and Sensational: 150 years of Canadian women in sport
880:
1114:"90-year-old tells the tales of women's basketball legends"
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the University of Alberta Pandas women's basketball team.
131:, where he was employed by local high schools to organize
1236:"Canada's Sports Hall of Fame Presents the Class of 2017"
463:
1342:
Parks Canada Directory of Federal Heritage Designations
1260:"Celebrating Women's Achievements: The Edmonton Grads"
940:
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540:
538:
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997:
Canada's Other Game: Basketball from Naismith to Nash
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1284:"Edmonton Grads: Individual Induction Class of 1983"
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411:On November 9, 2019, the Grads were featured in a
1445:Events of National Historic Significance (Canada)
1384:Interview with Edmonton Grads member Kay MacBeth
1220:. Vancouver, British Columbia: Ronsdale Press.
368:released a documentary about the team entitled
1455:Sports clubs and teams disestablished in 1940
1373:Film footage of the Grads' final game in 1940
916:
376:, installing a permanent historical display.
8:
1122:. Victoria, British Columbia. Archived from
637:
215:Fédération Sportive Féminine Internationale
189:. The Edmonton Grads faced off against the
1450:Sports clubs and teams established in 1915
27:
18:
772:
1338:"Edmonton Grads National Historic Event"
868:
546:
441:
386:Canada women's national basketball team
39:Dominion of Canada’s women’s basketball
1475:Defunct women's sports clubs and teams
1314:"Edmonton Grads International Classic"
856:
430:Timeline of women's basketball history
1070:(first ed.). Edmonton, Alberta:
952:
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7:
1460:Basketball teams established in 1915
1160:Klinkenberg, Marty (June 21, 2019).
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1170:. Edmonton, Alberta. Archived from
1112:Hawthorne, Tom (January 30, 2012).
1430:1940s disestablishments in Alberta
1415:Women's basketball teams in Canada
1410:Defunct basketball teams in Canada
1405:Sports clubs and teams in Edmonton
1143:. Edmonton Journal. Archived from
1139:Hills, Jason (November 26, 2015).
1028:. Toronto, Ontario. Archived from
174:University of Alberta Varsity team
16:Basketball team in Alberta, Canada
14:
239:, this request was denied by the
147:throughout the year, even during
100:women's world title in basketball
966:"Celebrating the Edmonton Grads"
881:Canadian Basketball Hall of Fame
139:. When Page decided to organize
1045:Gould, Havard (March 8, 2017).
381:Women's Basketball Hall of Fame
348:for the national hockey title.
241:International Olympic Committee
181:North American Underwood Trophy
141:basketball teams for the school
1425:1915 establishments in Alberta
1390:Shooting Stars NFB documentary
308:lieutenant-governor of Alberta
1:
1097:. Toronto, Ontario: Lorimer.
1018:Ewing, Lori (July 24, 2018).
464:Library & Archives Canada
211:summer Olympic games in Paris
115:In 1912, 25-year-old teacher
1240:Canada's Sports Hall of Fame
402:Canada's Sports Hall of Fame
1420:Basketball teams in Alberta
1379:Historica.ca reference page
1368:Alberta Sports Hall of Fame
1264:Library and Archives Canada
1072:University of Alberta Press
396:The Grads were awarded the
235:. Despite support from the
1491:
1470:History of women in Canada
1187:Marshall, Tabitha (2018).
1049:. CBC News. Archived from
941:Canada Sports Hall of Fame
237:Canadian Olympic Committee
98:. The Grads won the first
47:1912 – 1940
1193:The Canadian Encyclopedia
404:in 2017. That same year,
26:
22:Edmonton Commercial Grads
715:, pp. 53–67, 74–81.
703:, pp. 63–64, 66–67.
273:Royal Canadian Air Force
191:Cleveland Favorite-Knits
995:Daly, Brian I. (2013).
358:National Historic Event
172:On April 27, 1919, the
1216:Norton, Wayne (2009).
415:celebrating the team.
336:
245:Amsterdam, Netherlands
201:
1465:History of basketball
1089:Hall, M. Ann (2008).
1066:Hall, M. Ann (2011).
334:
199:
137:McDougall High School
1203:on December 21, 2018
1147:on November 28, 2015
999:. Toronto, Ontario:
233:1928 Summer Olympics
149:frigid winter weathe
1440:History of Edmonton
1348:on February 8, 2018
1126:on February 1, 2012
1053:on January 21, 2018
847:, pp. 192–193.
823:, pp. 244–246.
799:, pp. 256–259.
366:National Film Board
360:. Two years later,
304:Alberta legislature
226:Women's World Games
1167:The Globe and Mail
1119:The Globe and Mail
1025:The Globe and Mail
400:and inducted into
346:Preston Rivulettes
337:
281:Dr. James Naismith
202:
133:commercial classes
96:winning percentage
84:women's basketball
1318:Canada Basketball
1291:Canada Basketball
1227:978-1-55380-073-6
1104:978-1-55277-021-4
1081:978-0-88864-602-6
1010:978-1-4597-0633-0
972:. 9 November 2019
917:Canada Basketball
691:, pp. 62–63.
679:, pp. 61–62.
667:, pp. 57–58.
425:Edmonton Rustlers
342:Edmonton Rustlers
257:1976 summer games
76:
75:
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1435:Women in Alberta
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1355:
1353:
1344:. Archived from
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1320:. Archived from
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1305:
1300:on July 28, 2016
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1293:. Archived from
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1270:on March 7, 2016
1266:. Archived from
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1246:on June 21, 2017
1242:. Archived from
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1199:. Archived from
1197:Historica Canada
1189:"Edmonton Grads"
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1181:
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1174:on June 26, 2019
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187:Underwood Trophy
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390:Saville Centre
370:Shooting Stars
353:Canadian Press
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222:Edmonton Arena
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547:Marshall 2018
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106:Team history
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857:Norton 2009
267:Disbandment
164:Early years
1399:Categories
1386:on YouTube
1375:on YouTube
989:References
976:9 November
953:Gould 2017
929:Hills 2015
809:Ewing 2018
294:Head coach
67:Head coach
1352:April 25,
905:Hall 2011
893:Hall 2011
845:Hall 2011
833:Daly 2013
821:Hall 2011
797:Hall 2011
785:Hall 2011
761:Daly 2013
749:Hall 2008
737:Hall 2011
725:Hall 2008
713:Hall 2011
701:Hall 2011
689:Hall 2011
677:Hall 2011
665:Hall 2011
653:Daly 2013
615:Daly 2013
603:Hall 2011
591:Hall 2011
576:Daly 2013
559:Hall 2011
520:Daly 2013
503:Daly 2013
491:Hall 2008
476:Daly 2013
449:Hall 2008
374:Westmount
351:When the
102:in 1924.
1178:June 30,
1151:June 30,
419:See also
261:Montreal
125:Edmonton
88:Edmonton
62:, Canada
56:Edmonton
52:Location
36:Division
1304:May 10,
1207:May 13,
1130:May 27,
1057:June 6,
1036:May 27,
1001:Dundurn
129:Alberta
121:Ontario
111:Origins
92:Alberta
60:Alberta
44:History
1328:May 8,
1274:May 8,
1250:May 8,
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970:Google
327:Legacy
314:Record
1298:(PDF)
1287:(PDF)
436:Notes
1354:2019
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1276:2019
1252:2019
1222:ISBN
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978:2019
78:The
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