E. D. Morel - Knowledge

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he believed that all black people were innately stupid and inferior to white people in all respects. Though Morel had been very forceful in condemning the cruel exploitation of the Congo Free State, he believed in a liberal imperialism, just not the cruel exploitative imperialism of the Congo Company. He wrote that it was the duty of whites to serve as the "trustees" for blacks and the "great white father" who would protect the "basic human rights" of Africans while at the same time accepting the "infantile" nature of black people, who not the equal in any way of whites. Morel himself did not see his campaign as racist and always presented himself as a friend to black people. In France, the French socialist

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Horror Let Loose by France On Rhine Disappearance of Young German Girls". In it, Morel wrote that France is "thrusting her black savages into the heart of Germany" and that the "primitive African savages, the carriers of syphilis, have become a horror and a terror" to the Rhinelanders. In his article, Morel claimed that the Senegalese soldiers serving in the French Army were "primitive African barbarians" who "stuffed their haversacks with eye-balls, ears and heads of the foe". Morel declared in his article:

931:("civilizing mission") in Africa, with any African willing to embrace the French language and culture becoming French and theoretically the equal of whites, threatened to upend Morel's beliefs in the essential biological inferiority of blacks. Morel believed that the Africans were committing outrageous crimes against Germans in the Rhineland because the French had empowered them, at least theoretically, by making them into black Frenchmen, who were just as much French citizens as anyone else. 657: 2310: 433:, where he was able to view the internal accounts of the Congo Free State held by Elder Dempster. The knowledge that the Elder Dempster ships leaving Belgium for the Congo regularly carried guns, chains, ordnance and explosives, and articles which were remote from trade purposes, while ships arriving from the colony came back full of valuable products such as raw rubber and 44: 914:

of everything else, as they needed a high birth rate to maintain their numbers. Precisely because Morel believed in the uncontrolled sexuality of blacks, he considered it self-evident that the "sexually uncontrolled and uncontrollable" Senegalese would run amok in the Rhineland and rape every German female in sight. Two contemporaries challenged Morel on that:

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appears to me to be the country's needs, the ILP approximates nearer to my outlook that any other, although I still look forward to and hope for the day when all really progressive forces can unite under the title of the Democratic Party. But Liberalism as represented by both wings—the Lloyd George wing, and the Asquith wing, is right outside my outlook now.

898:" (emphasis in the original). Morel used the "black horror" as a way of attacking France, which he claimed had caused a "sexual horror on the Rhine" and whose "reign of terror" was a "giant evil" that should inspire "shame into all four corners of the world" and ultimately should "a revision of the Versailles Treaty and the relief for Germany". 716:

negotiations after the war with other democratic European countries in an attempt to form an organisation to help prevent future conflicts; (3) that at the end of the war the terms of peace should neither humiliate the defeated nation nor artificially rearrange frontiers, as this might provide a cause for future wars.

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In particular, Morel believed that Africans, lacking the self-discipline of whites, had an uncontrolled sexuality and often wrote about that subject. Morel believed that because of the high infant mortality in the tropics Africans had evolved in such a way as to be obsessed with sex, to the exclusion

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First, they put a remarkable amount of information on the historical record ... The movement's other great achievement is that, among its supporters, it kept alive a tradition, a way of seeing the world, a human capacity for being outraged because pain is being inflicted on another human being, even

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Did the Congo Reform campaign save millions of lives? For many years, the conventional answer was yes ... but the truth is more somber. Some of the worst abuses in the Congo, such as the kidnapping of hostages, did stop as a result of the publicity. But the near-genocidal death rate in the territory

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There they have become a terror and a horror unimaginable to the countryside, raping girls and women – for well known physiological reasons, the raping of a white woman by a negro is nearly always accompanied by serious injuries and not infrequently has fatal results; spreading syphilis, murdering

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I have long been gravitating towards the Socialist position—of course there is Socialism and Socialism, and mine is of the reasonable and moderate kind. When I look over my public efforts through the years, it seems to me that I have been a Socialist all my life. So far as any Party can express what

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The German sociologist Iris Wigger wrote that Morel's "Black Horror on the Rhine" campaign has caused much embarrassment to Morel's admirers today, who would rather remember the man who campaigned against the Congo Free State, but in fact, both campaigns were manifestations of the same racism since

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to press for a more responsive foreign policy (he also resigned his candidature at this time). He was Secretary of the UDC until his death. The main demands of the UDC were: (1) that in future to prevent secret diplomacy there should be parliamentary control over foreign policy; (2) there should be

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on 9 April 1920 by Morel about the French occupation of the Rhineland, the headline read, ": "Frankfurt runs red with blood French Blood Troops Use Machine-guns on Civilians". The following day, the same paper had another cover story by Morel, the title of which was "Black Scourge In Europe Sexual

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In 1905 the movement won a victory when a Commission of Enquiry, instituted (under external pressure) by King Léopold II himself, substantially confirmed the accusations made about the colonial administration. In the face of mounting public and diplomatic pressure, in 1908 the Congo was annexed to

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family and landed gentry - the De Hornes of Stanway Hall. Edmond died when his son was four years old, leaving no pension, and Emmeline subsequently fell out with her late husband's family. As a consequence, Emmeline changed her name to Deville and raised her son on her own. To remove her son from

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His hair is completely white (there was hardly a tinge of white before) when he first came out, he collapsed completely, physically and mentally, largely as the result of insufficient food. He says one only gets three quarters of an hour reading in the whole day – the rest of the time is spent on

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When Emmeline Deville fell ill in 1888, the money for school fees was no longer available and Edmund was forced to return to Paris to work as a bank clerk. He was able to move his mother back to England in 1891. Five years later, he successfully applied for naturalisation as a British subject and

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became a significant voice of the English left about foreign politics at the time and represented the views of the UDC. In his articles for the magazine, Morel blamed France and Tsarist Russia, not the Central Powers, for the origins of the war and was scathingly critical of French imperialism.

464:) with a series of articles detailing his discoveries about the Congo Free State trade imbalances. His inside information made him a powerful voice against the exploitation, as previous activists had lacked his access to precise figures about the trade. In 1903, he founded his own magazine, the 237:, Morel observed a fortune being made in the export of Congo rubber and the shipping in of guns and manacles. He correctly deduced that the rubber and other resources were being extracted from the population by force and began to campaign to expose the abuses. In collaboration with 699:, Morel was again sympathetic to Germany, disinclined to stand by Belgium under German pressure, and opposed to the United Kingdom and France getting involved in war. He campaigned for neutrality but on the outbreak of war accepted that the fight was lost, and with 894:", which became internationally famous, and the campaign against the "black horror" took much of his time for the last four years of his life. Morel predicated the "black horror" would cause another world war, writing that the average German boy was thinking: " 648:

the Belgian government and put under its sovereignty. Despite this, Morel refused to declare an end to the campaign until 1913 because he wanted to see actual changes in the situation of the country. The Congo Reform Association ended operations in 1913.

757:. Although along with other pacifists, he was placed in the 'second division', allowing some privileges over the majority of prisoners, conditions were very hard, and Morel's health was seriously damaged. Russell described his condition at his release: 445:, Morel's conclusions were correct—the value of the goods coming from the Congo Free State was five times that of the goods coming from Europe, and the difference was being extracted from the Congolese population through force and mass atrocities. 2417: 733:, a newspaper that also listed details of future UDC meetings and encouraged its readers to attend and break them up. The accusation gained some credibility when Roger Casement, who was known as a friend and supporter of Morel, was hanged for 967:, standing as a National Liberal. Morel regarded Churchill as a warmonger and took pride in having defeated him: "I look upon Churchill as such a personal force for evil that I would take up the fight against him with a whole heart". 522:

just before the publication of the report and realised that in Casement he had found the ally he had sought. Casement convinced Morel to establish an organisation for dealing specifically with the Congo question, the

484:, Morel's former employer at Elder Dempster, apparently in a final attempt to moderate Morel's criticism of the company, but Jones soon discontinued his support. Morel published several pamphlets and his first book, 527:; because of the restrictions placed on Casement by his official duties, Morel would be the organisation's head. Affiliates of the Congo Reform Association were established as far away as the United States. 673:

of 1911, Morel was entirely in sympathy with Germany and opposed to what he regarded as bellicosity by the United Kingdom and France, as well as secret diplomacy between the states involved. He wrote

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The Union of Democratic Control became the most important of all the anti-war organisations in Britain, with membership reaching 650,000 by 1917. His political courage was praised by people such as

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inoffensive civilians, often getting completely out of control; the terrible barbaric incarnation of a barbarous policy, embodied in a so-called peace treaty which puts the clock back 2,000 years".

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when that pain is inflicted on someone of another color, in another country ... It is this spirit that underlies organisations like Amnesty International ... and Médecins Sans Frontières.

922:, the British Africanist. Leys stated that such allegations constituted "one of the great sources of race hatred" and "should never be repeated by any honest man or honest newspaper". 480:

was an "illustrated weekly journal founded to meet the rapidly growing interest in west and central African questions". The paper also received initial financial backing from Sir

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Morel discussed the discrepancies with the head of the Elder Dempster line, who responded coldly and dismissively. The company soon offered Morel an overseas promotion and then a

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Campbell, Peter "The “Black Horror on the Rhine”: Idealism, Pacifism, and Racism in Feminism and the Left in the Aftermath of the First World War" pages 471-496 from

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A revised genealogical account of the various families descended from Francis Fox of St. Germans, Cornwall; to which is appended a pedigree of the Crokers of Lineham

2242: 1970: 1990: 1066: 727:, but his leading role in the pacifist movement exposed him to violent attacks led by the pro-war press. He was pictured as an agent of Germany in the 1818:

Campbell, Peter. "The 'Black Horror on the Rhine': Idealism, Pacifism, and Racism in Feminism and the Left in the Aftermath of the First World War".

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in 1924, but MacDonald decided to serve as his own Foreign Secretary. Possibly in compensation, MacDonald led an attempt to nominate Morel for the

2462: 1070: 684: 284:. In 1917 he was jailed for six months for his antiwar activism, which had a permanent effect on his health. After the war, he edited the journal 640:

in a libel suit brought by Kasai Rubber Company. Morel also had secret connections with some agents within the Congo Free State itself. Even the

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le genre de protection de M. Morel rappelle un peu le precepte que fait afficher la Society protectrice des animaux: 'Soyez bons pour les betes'

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consultancy in return for a guarantee of his silence. Morel refused both offers, and left the company in 1901 to become a full-time journalist.

1729: 601: 331:, Paris. His father, Edmond Pierre Marie Morel de Ville, was a French civil servant; his mother, Eliza Emmeline de Horne, was from an English 2407: 2177: 1297: 1270: 406:, an English traveller and writer, which showed sympathy for African peoples and a respect for different cultures that was very rare amongst 376: 2256: 2467: 2295: 994: 940: 843:

before the war. The former Kingdom of Hungary was stripped of more than two thirds of its territory and most of its population in the 1920

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sent him copies of Belgian parliamentary debates and was recruited by Morel to successfully defend the missionaries Sheppard and Morrison

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his name. He married Mary Richardson that same year; they had five children. His daughter Stella married the Polish political activist

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Hitler's Black Victims: The Historical Experiences of Afro-Germans, European Blacks, Africans, and African Americans in the Nazi Era

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Hitler's Black Victims: The Historical Experiences of Afro-Germans, European Blacks, Africans, and African Americans in the Nazi Era

1534: 411: 2266: 2085: 1181: 2319: 737:(he had contacted the Germans seeking support for Irish nationalism). Morel was even the victim of occasional physical assaults. 2452: 2402: 1359: 855:

As part of his general opposition to French foreign policy, Morel played a key role in launching the British-based part of the

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Rodriguez, J. (2011). Slavery in the Modern World: A History of Political, Social, and Economic Oppression. ABC-CLIO. p. 405.

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the family's influence, she worked as a teacher so that she could send him to boarding school at both Madras House school in

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to sell the Congo Free State to the Belgian government, ending some of the human rights abuses perpetrated under his rule.

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said of Morel, "No other man known to me has had the same heroic simplicity in pursuing and proclaiming political truth."

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and warned that it would lead to another war. He particularly opposed the assignment of "war guilt" exclusively to the

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The adjustment of the German colonial claims; dedicated to the American and British delegates of the Peace conference

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shipping firm. To increase his income and support his family, from 1893 Morel began writing articles against French

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for an investigation. Casement was outraged by the evidence of atrocities that he discovered and wrote a blistering

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who furnished him with eyewitness accounts and photographs of the atrocities, such as those given by the Americans

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for not supporting the rights of Africans under colonial rule. His vision of Africa was influenced by the books of

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Morel was very anti-French because of his opposition to the Treaty of Versailles but also the nature of France's

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for his seat, and was re-elected in 1924, dying in office. Morel collaborated closely with future Prime Minister

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passed a resolution protesting human rights abuses in the Congo. Subsequently, the British consul in the Congo,

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With his foreign affairs specialty, he was expected to be appointed as Foreign Secretary in the government of

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as well as the mandate system for former German colonies. The latter theme became the focus of his 1920 book

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On 22 August 1917 Morel's house was searched and evidence was discovered that he had sent a UDC pamphlet to

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The phrase that Morel coined to describe the alleged terror by Senegalese troops in the Rhineland was the "

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In 1900, Morel put new life into the campaign against Congo misrule (begun a decade before by the American

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Reindeers, Robert "Racialism on the Left: E.D. Morel and the 'Black Horror on the Rhine'" pages 1–28 from

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He did not give up his career as a journalist, becoming director of the UDC's journal, originally titled

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Morel left a historical impact which has been a source of inspiration to many congolese people such as,

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Selling the Congo: A history of European pro-empire propaganda and the making of Belgian imperialism

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Red Rubber – The story of the rubber slave trade that flourished in Congo in the year of grace 1906

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The 'Black Horror on the Rhine': Intersections of Race, Nation, Gender and Class in 1920s Germany.

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E.D. Morel, the man and his work, with an introd. by Colonel Wedgwood ([1920]), full text

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The 'Black Horror on the Rhine' Intersections of Race, Nation, Gender and Class in 1920s Germany

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After making this statement, Hochschild concludes, Morel's movement served two great purposes:

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campaign, which accused black French troops of outrages against the population of the occupied

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Reinders, Robert C. "Racialism on the Left: E. D. Morel and the 'Black Horror on the Rhine.'"

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International Relations and the Labour Party: Intellectuals and Policy Making from 1918-1945.

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Report of the British Consul, Roger Casement, on the Administration of the Congo Free State.

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became acquainted with Morel through the work of the Congo Reform Association. In his novel

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Eds. Anthony Appiah and Henry Louis Gates. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005. p. 468

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A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Landed Gentry of Great Britain & Ireland

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in 1908, while Twain gave the most famous contribution with the satirical short story

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Colonialism: An International, Social, Cultural, and Political Encyclopedia, Volume 1

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Russell, Bertrand. "Freedom and Organization. 2010 . Routledge Classics. Page 350.

1173: 2287: 786:. Morel explained his decision to join the Independent Labour Party to a friend: 226:; 10 July 1873 – 12 November 1924) was a French-born British journalist, author, 17: 1782: 1026:, writing in 1946, described Morel as "heroic but rather forgotten man." Author 963:, he won the second seat, in the process defeating one of the outgoing members, 919: 860: 696: 632:, a Quaker, was one of his main financial backers. The Belgian socialist leader 530: 293: 159: 2020: 609: 580: 398:, which was damaging Elder Dempster's business. He came to be critical of the 337: 258: 1165: 955:

constituency as a sole Labour candidate. Although he gained fewer votes than

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Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience.

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also included a devastating parody of Leopold II in their cowritten novel

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Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Dundee constituencies

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Morel wrote that "black savages" have uncontrolled sexual impulses that "

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campaign, a campaign against the use of 'primitive' black troops by the

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Battle for the Castle: The Myth of Czechoslovakia in Europe, 1914-1948.

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The Congo Reform Association had the support of famous writers such as

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to which it was affiliated and which adopted his critical view of the

753:. Morel was sentenced to six months' imprisonment, which he served in 441:'s policy was exploitative and a type of slavery. According to author 2067:"Ten Things You Never Knew About Jasper: (and never thought to ask)." 1919:""A Black Man Replies": Claude McKay's Challenge to the British Left" 332: 2300: 1935: 997:, Morel suffered a fatal heart attack in London. He was cremated at 276:, participating in the foundation of and becoming secretary of the 1219:

Military preparations for the Great War : fact versus fiction

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had already begun a campaign against alleged atrocities in Congo.

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British Humanitarianism and the Congo Reform Movement, 1896-1913

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British Humanitarianism and the Congo Reform Movement, 1896-1913

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In assessing Morel's impact on the Congo, contemporary author

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Morel's articles also deplored the fate of the new nation of

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in Switzerland, a neutral country, which was a breach of the

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Great Britain and the Congo: the Pillage of the Congo Basin

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aided Morel by sending him copies of parliamentary debates.

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wrote about Morel's claims to be a protector of Africans:

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Morel's best allies, however, may have been the Christian

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Foreign Affairs: A Journal of International Understanding

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P.R.D.C is set to contest in 2029 election in the DRC.

261:, the movement successfully pressured the Belgian King 1449:"Reviewed Work: AFFAIRS OF WEST AFRICA by E. D. Morel" 989:

Plaque dedicated to Morel at Golders Green Crematorium

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An article on Morel from Liverpool's 'Nerve' magazine

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Pacifism and formation of Union of Democratic Control

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Activists against atrocities in the Congo Free State

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continued for more than a decade under Belgian rule.

552:was inspired by a voyage to the Congo Free State), 502:In 1903, under pressure from Morel's campaign, the 205: 197: 174: 149: 132: 127: 115: 99: 83: 54: 34: 1248: 1071:"Party Pour La Reforme et Le Development Du Congo" 982:and nominations on the Anglo-Soviet trade treaty. 2008:E.D. Morel, 1873-1924: The Strategies of Protest. 1683:International Encyclopedia of the First World War 1333:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1998. p. 177. 885:must be satisfied upon the bodies of white women! 1975:New York: Oxford University Press, 2007. p. 170. 943:, which followed the retirement of an incumbent 683:as a prospective House of Commons candidate for 417:Elder Dempster had a shipping contract with the 2278:White King, Red Rubber, Black Death (2003) (TV) 2109:Britain and the World 9, no. 2 (2016): 213–235. 1985: 1983: 1981: 788: 759: 268:Morel played a significant role in the British 839:, which had been part of the Dual Monarchy of 241:, Morel led a campaign against slavery in the 918:, the Jamaican poet and labour activist, and 896:Boys these men raped your mothers and sisters 498:'s 1904 report confirmed Morel's accusations. 303:Morel was elected to Parliament in 1922 as a 8: 1453:Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria 1174:The African problem and the peace settlement 1030:states that Morel is his great-grandfather. 233:As a young official at the shipping company 2272:Journal of Belgian History, Digital Archive 2080: 2078: 1822:, Volume XLVII, Issue 94. June 2014. p. 477 1814: 1812: 1798: 1796: 1723: 1721: 1719: 1713:Oxford University Press, USA. 2009. p. 153. 224:Georges Edmond Pierre Achille Morel Deville 137:Georges Edmond Pierre Achille Morel Deville 2473:Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom 2315: 2238:contributions in Parliament by E. D. Morel 644:and American religious groups backed him. 42: 31: 1934: 1703: 1701: 1699: 1354: 1352: 1350: 1348: 437:, led him to the conclusion that Belgian 386:In 1891, Morel obtained a clerkship with 2433:People educated at Bedford Modern School 1955: 1953: 1876: 1874: 1872: 1455:. Vol. 4, No. 4, June 1969. pp. 639-641. 2031:Vol. 47, No. 1. Spring 2015. pp. 60-79. 1835:, London: Psychology Press, 2002 p. 73. 1583: 1581: 1579: 1569: 1567: 1548: 1546: 1523:Pavlakis, Dr Dean (28 September 2015). 1240: 1141:(1909) - Introduction by A. Conan Doyle 778:, and began to feed his views into the 456:Journalism and Congo Reform Association 253:. With the help of celebrities such as 2185:Rood Rubber – Leopold II en zijn Congo 2156:International Review of Social History 1804:International Review of Social History 1227:The Secret History of a Great Betrayal 1043:had revived Morel's reputation—wrote: 2288:Newspaper clippings about E. D. Morel 2010:Blackstaff Press, Ltd.: 1980. p. 134. 1146:Nigeria: Its Peoples And Its Problems 993:Shortly after his re-election in the 695:As the tension grew in the run-up to 7: 1971:Iron Curtain: From Stage to Cold War 1263:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U200600 766:Morel was released in January 1918. 2116:, Volume XLVII, Issue 94, June 2014 805:Morel was severely critical of the 770:Independent Labour Party membership 315:and was considered for the post of 307:candidate, defeating the incumbent 280:, at which point he broke with the 2458:British anti–World War I activists 366:Atrocities in the Congo Free State 25: 2143:, London: Psychology Press, 2002 356:in 1926. They had two daughters. 2320:Parliament of the United Kingdom 2308: 1746:. Working Class Movement Library 1114:The British Case in French Congo 410:at the time. Groups such as the 1866:London: Macmillan, 2017. p. 60. 187: 2463:British expatriates in Belgium 1997:Vol. 1. ABC CLIO, 2005. p. 815 951:, Morel fought the two-member 887:" (emphasis in the original). 488:, a collection of his essays. 472:, a businessman and friend of 412:Aborigines' Protection Society 209:Journalist, author, politician 27:British politician (1873–1924) 1: 2243:Catalogue of the Morel papers 2183:Daniël Vangroenweghe (2004), 1744:"Union of Democratic Control" 1158:Ten Years of Secret Diplomacy 1122:King Leopold's Rule in Africa 867:. In a front-page article in 851:The Black Horror on the Rhine 774:In April 1918, he joined the 534:The Belgian socialist leader 510:, was sent up country by the 371:Discoveries at Elder Dempster 2408:Independent Labour Party MPs 2165:(U of Nebraska Press, 2012). 1495:. Abingdon: Routledge, 2016. 1429:Hochschild 1998, p. 186 628:. The chocolate millionaire 468:, with the collaboration of 2468:French emigrants to England 2307:(public domain audiobooks) 2292:20th Century Press Archives 1789:. Paris: Plon. p. 302. 1529:. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. 1292:. Harrison. pp. 495–. 1255:WHO'S WHO & WHO WAS WHO 865:occupation of the Rhineland 713:Union of Democratic Control 421:for the connection between 278:Union of Democratic Control 2489: 2251:London School of Economics 961:Scottish Prohibition Party 462:George Washington Williams 363: 2361: 2340:Member of Parliament for 2338: 2325: 2318: 2172:London: Macmillan, 2017 1995:World War I Encyclopedia. 1917:Donlon, Anne (May 2016). 1770:Encyclopaedia Britannica. 1623:Hochschild, pp. 213, 216. 1539:– via Google Books. 999:Golders Green Crematorium 892:Black Horror on the Rhine 213: 123: 66: 50: 41: 2428:British male journalists 1806:, Volume 13. 1968. p. 1. 1733:I.B.Tauris, 2007. p. 61. 1659:Hochschild, pp. 271-273. 1650:Hochschild, pp. 257-259. 1632:Hochschild, pp. 263-264. 1605:Hochschild, pp. 259-260. 1587:Hochschild, pp. 241-242. 1513:Hochschild, pp. 206-207. 1504:Hochschild, pp. 204-205. 1482:Hochschild, pp. 201-204. 1411:Hochschild, pp. 185-186. 1393:Hochschild, pp. 178-180. 776:Independent Labour Party 751:Defence of the Realm Act 592:King Leopold's Soliloquy 575:, civil rights activist 525:Congo Reform Association 504:British House of Commons 247:Congo Reform Association 2086:"King Leopold's Ghost." 2072:Accessed 29 April 2018. 1464:Hochschild, pp. 194-95. 1212:The Horror on the Rhine 1087:List of peace activists 2453:British whistleblowers 2403:Politicians from Paris 2006:Cline, Catherine Ann. 1313:Joseph Foster (1872). 1286:Bernard Burke (1894). 1182:The Black Man's Burden 1106:Affairs of West Africa 1059: 1050: 990: 947:Member of Parliament, 881: 816:The Black Man's Burden 793: 764: 661: 660:E. D. Morel before WWI 618:William Henry Sheppard 586:The Crime of the Congo 539: 499: 486:Affairs of West Africa 383: 327:Morel was born in the 2105:Alexander, Nathan G. 2051:"Far Away, Long Ago." 1989:Wustenbecker, Katja. 1787:La France sur le Rhin 1194:The Peace, and Prison 1054: 1045: 995:1924 general election 988: 976:Nobel Prize for Peace 941:1922 general election 928:mission civilisatrice 876: 659: 561:Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson 533: 494: 378: 364:Further information: 342:Bedford Modern School 75:Serving with 2301:Works by E. D. Morel 2161:Stanard, Matthew G. 2125:King Leopold's Ghost 2056:, 6 January 1946: 3. 2029:Studies in the Novel 1772:Accessed 1 May 2018. 1727:Ashworth, Lucian M. 1679:"Morel, Edmund Dene" 1331:King Leopold's Ghost 1155:(1912) (reissued as 1153:Morocco in Diplomacy 1040:King Leopold's Ghost 807:Treaty of Versailles 801:Treaty of Versailles 784:Treaty of Versailles 676:Morocco in Diplomacy 652:World War I activism 583:. Conan Doyle wrote 577:Booker T. Washington 272:movement during the 56:Member of Parliament 2413:Scottish Labour MPs 1641:Hochschild, p. 251. 1614:Hochschild, p. 216. 1596:Hochschild, p. 257. 1573:Hochschild, p. 271. 1561:Hochschild, p. 273. 1552:Hochschild, p. 236. 1473:Hochschild, p. 195. 1438:Hochschild, p. 213. 1420:Hochschild, p. 185. 1402:Hochschild, p. 180. 1384:Hochschild, p. 173. 1375:Hochschild, p. 188. 1342:Hochschild, p. 177. 1189:Thoughts on the War 1069:known in french as 1028:Jasper Morel Fforde 2206:Africanus (1918). 2084:Hochschild, Adam. 1959:Wigger, pp. 55-56. 1880:Wigger, pp. 52-53. 1329:Hochschild, Adam. 1205:Diplomacy Revealed 1037:—whose bestseller 1010:Arthur Conan Doyle 991: 755:Pentonville Prison 662: 622:John Hobbis Harris 620:, and the British 573:Arthur Conan Doyle 540: 500: 482:Alfred Lewis Jones 384: 255:Arthur Conan Doyle 249:and published the 2423:British pacifists 2376: 2375: 2362:Succeeded by 2329:Winston Churchill 2247:Archives Division 2212:. Bern. p. 7 2178:978-0-230-34361-0 2158:, Volume 13, 1968 2139:Lusane, Clarence 2070:jasperfforde.com. 1968:Wright, Patrick. 1831:Lusane, Clarence 1766:Treaty of Trianon 1299:978-0-394-48726-7 1272:978-0-19-954089-1 1214:(1921) (pamphlet) 1199:Pre-War Diplomacy 1166:Truth and the War 965:Winston Churchill 845:Treaty of Trianon 762:prison work, etc. 701:Charles Trevelyan 642:Church of England 634:Emile Vandervelde 549:Heart of Darkness 536:Emile Vandervelde 466:West African Mail 317:Foreign Secretary 309:Winston Churchill 251:West African Mail 220:Edmund Dene Morel 217: 216: 164:Moreton Hampstead 90:Winston Churchill 18:Edmund Dene Morel 16:(Redirected from 2480: 2448:UK MPs 1924–1929 2443:UK MPs 1923–1924 2438:UK MPs 1922–1923 2370:Edwin Scrymgeour 2357:Edwin Scrymgeour 2334:Alexander Wilkie 2326:Preceded by 2316: 2312: 2311: 2221: 2219: 2217: 2120:Hochschild, Adam 2093: 2082: 2073: 2065:Fforde, Jasper. 2063: 2057: 2049:Orwell, George. 2047: 2041: 2038: 2032: 2017: 2011: 2004: 1998: 1987: 1976: 1966: 1960: 1957: 1948: 1947: 1945: 1943: 1938: 1914: 1908: 1905: 1899: 1898:Reinders, p. 19. 1896: 1890: 1887: 1881: 1878: 1867: 1860: 1854: 1851: 1845: 1842: 1836: 1829: 1823: 1816: 1807: 1800: 1791: 1790: 1779: 1773: 1762: 1756: 1755: 1753: 1751: 1740: 1734: 1725: 1714: 1707:Orzuff, Andrea. 1705: 1694: 1693: 1691: 1689: 1675: 1669: 1666: 1660: 1657: 1651: 1648: 1642: 1639: 1633: 1630: 1624: 1621: 1615: 1612: 1606: 1603: 1597: 1594: 1588: 1585: 1574: 1571: 1562: 1559: 1553: 1550: 1541: 1540: 1520: 1514: 1511: 1505: 1502: 1496: 1491:Pavlakis, Dean. 1489: 1483: 1480: 1474: 1471: 1465: 1462: 1456: 1445: 1439: 1436: 1430: 1427: 1421: 1418: 1412: 1409: 1403: 1400: 1394: 1391: 1385: 1382: 1376: 1373: 1367: 1358:Dorward, David. 1356: 1343: 1340: 1334: 1327: 1321: 1320: 1310: 1304: 1303: 1283: 1277: 1276: 1252: 1245: 1020:Bertrand Russell 972:Ramsay MacDonald 957:Edwin Scrymgeour 949:Alexander Wilkie 870:The Daily Herald 796:Postwar activism 721:Bertrand Russell 709:Ramsay MacDonald 614:William Morrison 419:Congo Free State 313:Ramsay MacDonald 243:Congo Free State 230:and politician. 191: 189: 156: 153:12 November 1924 128:Personal details 110:Edwin Scrymgeour 102: 94:Alexander Wilkie 86: 77:Edwin Scrymgeour 71: 46: 32: 21: 2488: 2487: 2483: 2482: 2481: 2479: 2478: 2477: 2378: 2377: 2372: 2368: 2365:Thomas Johnston 2353: 2345: 2336: 2332: 2309: 2228: 2215: 2213: 2205: 2202: 2200:Further reading 2102: 2097: 2096: 2083: 2076: 2064: 2060: 2048: 2044: 2039: 2035: 2018: 2014: 2005: 2001: 1988: 1979: 1967: 1963: 1958: 1951: 1941: 1939: 1936:10.25158/L5.1.2 1916: 1915: 1911: 1906: 1902: 1897: 1893: 1888: 1884: 1879: 1870: 1861: 1857: 1853:Reinders, p. 5. 1852: 1848: 1844:Reinders, p. 2. 1843: 1839: 1830: 1826: 1817: 1810: 1801: 1794: 1781: 1780: 1776: 1763: 1759: 1749: 1747: 1742: 1741: 1737: 1726: 1717: 1706: 1697: 1687: 1685: 1677: 1676: 1672: 1667: 1663: 1658: 1654: 1649: 1645: 1640: 1636: 1631: 1627: 1622: 1618: 1613: 1609: 1604: 1600: 1595: 1591: 1586: 1577: 1572: 1565: 1560: 1556: 1551: 1544: 1537: 1522: 1521: 1517: 1512: 1508: 1503: 1499: 1490: 1486: 1481: 1477: 1472: 1468: 1463: 1459: 1447:Olusanya, G.O. 1446: 1442: 1437: 1433: 1428: 1424: 1419: 1415: 1410: 1406: 1401: 1397: 1392: 1388: 1383: 1379: 1374: 1370: 1357: 1346: 1341: 1337: 1328: 1324: 1312: 1311: 1307: 1300: 1285: 1284: 1280: 1273: 1247: 1246: 1242: 1237: 1101: 1099:Books published 1083: 1076: 1063:Khembo Massanga 1035:Adam Hochschild 1007: 937: 853: 841:Austria-Hungary 832:Foreign Affairs 803: 798: 772: 743: 723:and the writer 693: 667: 654: 630:William Cadbury 597:Ford Madox Ford 569:Sherlock Holmes 565:John Galsworthy 558:Nobel laureates 458: 443:Adam Hochschild 439:King Leopold II 373: 368: 362: 354:Joseph Retinger 325: 286:Foreign Affairs 274:First World War 193: 190: 1896) 185: 181: 180:Mary Richardson 158: 154: 141: 139: 138: 108: 100: 92: 84: 79: 72: 67: 58: 37: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 2486: 2484: 2476: 2475: 2470: 2465: 2460: 2455: 2450: 2445: 2440: 2435: 2430: 2425: 2420: 2415: 2410: 2405: 2400: 2395: 2390: 2380: 2379: 2374: 2373: 2363: 2360: 2337: 2327: 2323: 2322: 2314: 2313: 2298: 2285: 2274: 2269: 2264: 2259: 2254: 2240: 2227: 2226:External links 2224: 2223: 2222: 2201: 2198: 2197: 2196: 2181: 2166: 2159: 2152: 2137: 2117: 2114:Social History 2110: 2101: 2098: 2095: 2094: 2074: 2058: 2042: 2033: 2023:The Lost World 2012: 1999: 1991:"Morel, E. D." 1977: 1961: 1949: 1909: 1907:Wigger, p. 57. 1900: 1891: 1889:Wigger, p. 54. 1882: 1868: 1862:Wigger, Iris. 1855: 1846: 1837: 1824: 1820:Social History 1808: 1792: 1774: 1757: 1735: 1715: 1695: 1670: 1661: 1652: 1643: 1634: 1625: 1616: 1607: 1598: 1589: 1575: 1563: 1554: 1542: 1535: 1515: 1506: 1497: 1484: 1475: 1466: 1457: 1440: 1431: 1422: 1413: 1404: 1395: 1386: 1377: 1368: 1344: 1335: 1322: 1319:. pp. 3–. 1305: 1298: 1278: 1271: 1239: 1238: 1236: 1233: 1232: 1231: 1223: 1215: 1209: 1201: 1196: 1191: 1186: 1178: 1170: 1162: 1150: 1142: 1134: 1126: 1118: 1110: 1100: 1097: 1096: 1095: 1089: 1082: 1079: 1015:The Lost World 1006: 1003: 936: 933: 852: 849: 811:Central Powers 802: 799: 797: 794: 771: 768: 747:Romain Rolland 742: 739: 725:Romain Rolland 692: 689: 666: 665:Foreign policy 663: 653: 650: 602:The Inheritors 554:Anatole France 516:report in 1904 512:Foreign Office 508:Roger Casement 496:Roger Casement 457: 454: 400:Foreign Office 388:Elder Dempster 372: 369: 361: 360:Congo activism 358: 329:Avenue d'Eylau 324: 321: 290:Central Powers 245:, founded the 239:Roger Casement 235:Elder Dempster 215: 214: 211: 210: 207: 203: 202: 199: 195: 194: 183: 179: 178: 176: 172: 171: 157:(aged 51) 151: 147: 146: 136: 134: 130: 129: 125: 124: 121: 120: 119:32,846 (26.5%) 117: 113: 112: 103: 97: 96: 87: 81: 80: 74: 64: 63: 52: 51: 48: 47: 39: 38: 35: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2485: 2474: 2471: 2469: 2466: 2464: 2461: 2459: 2456: 2454: 2451: 2449: 2446: 2444: 2441: 2439: 2436: 2434: 2431: 2429: 2426: 2424: 2421: 2419: 2416: 2414: 2411: 2409: 2406: 2404: 2401: 2399: 2396: 2394: 2391: 2389: 2386: 2385: 2383: 2371: 2366: 2359: 2358: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2343: 2335: 2330: 2324: 2321: 2317: 2306: 2302: 2299: 2297: 2293: 2289: 2286: 2284: 2280: 2279: 2275: 2273: 2270: 2268: 2265: 2263: 2260: 2258: 2255: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2241: 2239: 2235: 2234: 2230: 2229: 2225: 2211: 2210: 2204: 2203: 2199: 2194: 2193:90-5617-556-4 2190: 2186: 2182: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2168:Wigger, Iris 2167: 2164: 2160: 2157: 2153: 2150: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2135: 2134:0-330-49233-0 2131: 2127: 2126: 2121: 2118: 2115: 2111: 2108: 2104: 2103: 2099: 2091: 2087: 2081: 2079: 2075: 2071: 2068: 2062: 2059: 2055: 2052: 2046: 2043: 2037: 2034: 2030: 2026: 2024: 2016: 2013: 2009: 2003: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1986: 1984: 1982: 1978: 1974: 1972: 1965: 1962: 1956: 1954: 1950: 1937: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1913: 1910: 1904: 1901: 1895: 1892: 1886: 1883: 1877: 1875: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1859: 1856: 1850: 1847: 1841: 1838: 1834: 1828: 1825: 1821: 1815: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1799: 1797: 1793: 1788: 1784: 1778: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1761: 1758: 1745: 1739: 1736: 1732: 1731: 1724: 1722: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1711: 1704: 1702: 1700: 1696: 1684: 1680: 1674: 1671: 1665: 1662: 1656: 1653: 1647: 1644: 1638: 1635: 1629: 1626: 1620: 1617: 1611: 1608: 1602: 1599: 1593: 1590: 1584: 1582: 1580: 1576: 1570: 1568: 1564: 1558: 1555: 1549: 1547: 1543: 1538: 1536:9781472436498 1532: 1528: 1527: 1519: 1516: 1510: 1507: 1501: 1498: 1494: 1488: 1485: 1479: 1476: 1470: 1467: 1461: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1444: 1441: 1435: 1432: 1426: 1423: 1417: 1414: 1408: 1405: 1399: 1396: 1390: 1387: 1381: 1378: 1372: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1360:"Morel, E.D." 1355: 1353: 1351: 1349: 1345: 1339: 1336: 1332: 1326: 1323: 1318: 1317: 1309: 1306: 1301: 1295: 1291: 1290: 1282: 1279: 1274: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1251: 1244: 1241: 1234: 1229: 1228: 1224: 1221: 1220: 1216: 1213: 1210: 1207: 1206: 1202: 1200: 1197: 1195: 1192: 1190: 1187: 1184: 1183: 1179: 1176: 1175: 1171: 1168: 1167: 1163: 1160: 1159: 1154: 1151: 1148: 1147: 1143: 1140: 1139: 1135: 1132: 1131: 1127: 1124: 1123: 1119: 1116: 1115: 1111: 1108: 1107: 1103: 1102: 1098: 1093: 1092:Jules Marchal 1090: 1088: 1085: 1084: 1080: 1078: 1074: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1058: 1053: 1049: 1044: 1042: 1041: 1036: 1031: 1029: 1025: 1024:George Orwell 1021: 1017: 1016: 1011: 1004: 1002: 1000: 996: 987: 983: 981: 977: 973: 968: 966: 962: 958: 954: 950: 946: 942: 934: 932: 930: 929: 923: 921: 917: 911: 909: 905: 899: 897: 893: 888: 886: 880: 875: 872: 871: 866: 862: 858: 850: 848: 846: 842: 838: 833: 829: 825: 820: 818: 817: 812: 808: 800: 795: 792: 787: 785: 781: 777: 769: 767: 763: 758: 756: 752: 748: 740: 738: 736: 732: 731: 730:Daily Express 726: 722: 717: 714: 711:, formed the 710: 706: 705:Norman Angell 702: 698: 690: 688: 686: 682: 681:Liberal Party 678: 677: 672: 671:Agadir Crisis 664: 658: 651: 649: 645: 643: 639: 635: 631: 627: 623: 619: 615: 611: 606: 604: 603: 598: 595:. 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