1008:"King Edmund, against whom Ivar advanced, stood inside his hall, and mindful of the Saviour, threw out his weapons. He wanted to match the example of Christ, who forbade Peter to win the cruel Jews with weapons. Lo! the impious one then bound Edmund and insulted him ignominiously, and beat him with rods, and afterwards led the devout king to a firm living tree, and tied him there with strong bonds, and beat him with whips. In between the whip lashes, Edmund called out with true belief in the Saviour Christ. Because of his belief, because he called to Christ to aid him, the heathens became furiously angry. They then shot spears at him, as if it was a game, until he was entirely covered with their missiles, like the bristles of a hedgehog (just like
1480:
811:
1158:
1461:
565:
1073:
1434:
1412:
489:
887:
1397:
63:
1449:
54:
4121:
435:, which generally described few matters relating to the East Angles and their rulers, relates that "here the army rode across Mercia into East Anglia, and took winter-quarters at Thetford; and that winter King Edmund fought against them, and the Danish took the victory, and killed the king and conquered all that land". Where Edmund was killed and whether he died in battle or was murdered by the Danes afterwards is not known. The Great Heathen Army went on to invade
4109:
1241:, in Suffolk. His martyrdom is mentioned in a charter that was written when the church and chapel at Hoxne were granted to Norwich Priory in 1101. Place-name evidence has been used to link the name of Hoxne with Haegelisdun, named by Abbo of Fleury as the site of Edmund's martyrdom, but this evidence is dismissed by the historian Peter Warner. The association of Edmund's cult with the village has continued into modern times.
1620:, two miles to the north. Bradfield St Clare is approximately six miles from Bury St Edmunds, which was an Anglo-Saxon royal vill (settlement). A monastery already existed, founded by King Sigeberht in 633AD. There was also a building called Bradfield Hall that stood within the St Edmund's Abbey, and accounts show that the Abbey's Cellarer paid rent for small pieces of land at Bradfield St Clare Hall (6
289:
4097:
1602:
Until 1849, an old tree stood in Hoxne Park that was believed to be where Edmund had been martyred. In the heart of the tree, an arrowhead was found. A piece of the tree was used to form part of an altar of a church dedicated to Edmund. Another legend relates that after being routed in battle, Edmund
1015:
When Ivar the impious pirate saw that the noble king would not forsake Christ, but with resolute faith called after Him, he ordered Edmund beheaded, and the heathens did so. While Edmund still called out to Christ, the heathen dragged the holy man to his death, and with one stroke struck off his
1230:, published in 1913, include that "he showed himself a model ruler from the first, anxious to treat all with equal justice, and closing his ears to flatterers and untrustworthy informers". It was written that he withdrew for a year to his royal tower at Hunstanton and learned the whole
3830:
508:, king of East Anglia, in around 890, the same moneyers who had minted his coins started to produce money in commemoration of Edmund. The coins, whose design was based upon those produced during Edmund's reign, provide the earliest evidence that he was venerated as a saint. All the
1000:. Ridyard notes that the story that Edmund had an armour-bearer implies that he would have been a warrior king who was prepared to fight the Vikings on the battlefield, but she acknowledges the possibility that such later accounts belong to "the realm of hagiographical fantasy".
995:
In Abbo's version of events, the king refused to meet the Danes in battle, preferring to die a martyr's death. According to
Ridyard, Edmund's martyrdom cannot be proven and the nature of his fate—whether he died fighting or was murdered after the battle—cannot be read from the
1661:
rejected the request; however, their attempt was successful on another level: "St Edmund (was) named patron saint of
Suffolk...the high point of a successful campaign which was launched by Breakfast show presenter Mark Murphy and producer Emily Fellows in the autumn of
1137:, at the end of the eleventh century. His original text does not survive, but a shortened version is part of a book dating to around 1100 produced by Bury St Edmunds Abbey, which is composed of Abbo's hagiography, followed by Herman's. The hagiographer and musician,
1119:
of well-known saints such as
Sebastian and Denis as models for his version of Edmund's martydom. Gransden acknowledged that there are some aspects of the story—such as the appearance of the wolf that guards Edmund's head—that do not have exact parallels elsewhere.
798:, was silver and adorned with solid silver statues. In 1644, the relics were verified and catalogued for interment in the newly-completed shrine, by which time the cult's origins had been forgotten. Edmund's shrine was removed in 1794 during the
3916:
1479:
1390:) when Henry came to the town in 1433 and stayed at the abbey for four months. The book is now kept by the British Library in London. Edmund's martyrdom features on several medieval wall-paintings to be found in churches across England.
3498:
Origin and
History of the American Flag and of the Naval and Yacht-Club Signals, Seals and Arms, and Principal National Songs of the United States, with a Chronicle of the Symbols, Standards, Banners, and Flags of Ancient and Modern
200:
versions of Edmund's life and martyrdom differ as to whether he died in battle fighting the Great
Heathen Army, or if he met his death after being captured and then refusing the Viking leaders' demand that he renounce Christ.
931:
in
Suffolk marks one supposed location of Edmund's death. The monument records that it was built on the site of an ancient oak tree which fell in 1848 and was found to have an arrow head embedded in its trunk. Some fifty-five
3516:
1460:
424:’), appeared in 865. Three thousand men in hundreds of ships arrived off the east coast of England, probably from bases in Ireland. The army's first winter was spent in East Anglia before they moved on, arriving in
992:, Archbishop of Canterbury, was the source of the story of the martyrdom, which he had heard told long before, in the presence of Æthelstan, by an old man who swore an oath that he had been Edmund's sword-bearer.
869:
while a historical commission was set up by
Cardinal Vaughan and Archbishop Germain of Saint-Sernin. They remain as of 1993 at Arundel. In 1966 three teeth from the collection of relics from France were given to
1068:
of the body, a miracle was discovered. All the arrow wounds upon Edmund's undecayed corpse had healed and his head was reattached. The last recorded inspection of the body whilst at Bury St
Edmunds was in 1198.
540:. They have mainly been found in the east of England, but the exact location of any of the mints they came from is not known with certainty, although scholars have assumed that they were made in East Anglia.
1338:, which is based in Bury St Edmunds, to reinstate St Edmund as England's patron saint. Supporters of the campaign stated their hopes that a petition could be used to force Parliament to debate the issue.
527:
The St Edmund memorial coins were minted in great quantities by a group of more than 70 moneyers, many of whom appear to have originated from continental Europe; over 1800 specimens were found when the
1556:
Her rad se here ofer Mierce innan East Engle and wiñt setl namon. æt Đeodforda. And þy wint' Eadmund cying him wiþ feaht. and þa
Deniscan sige naman þone cyning ofslogon. and þæt lond all ge eodon.
1544:
sometimes began in
September, meaning that an event that took place in November 869 (according to the modern calendar) would have been recorded by the Anglo-Saxons as having taken place in 870.
186:. He is thought to have been of East Anglian origin, but 12th century writers produced fictitious accounts of his family, succession and his rule as king. Edmund's death was mentioned in the
4389:
1411:
5260:
3981:
1500:, whose 15th-century author is unknown. In the climactic scene of the poem, Edyff, the sister of King 'Athelston' of England, gives birth to Edmund after passing through a ritual
1183:
king of Germanic descent. 'Alcmund' may never have existed. Edmund's fictitious continental origins were later elaborated upon in the 15th century by the poet John Lydgate in his
3963:
2963:
681:
three centuries later. In 1010, Edmund's remains were translated to London to protect them from the Vikings, where they were kept for three years before being returned to Bury.
1115:
as "little more than a hotch-potch of hagiographical commonplaces" and argues that Abbo's ignorance of what actually happened to Edmund would have led him to use aspects of the
832:, received "certain relics" from the Basilica of Saint-Sernin. The relics, believed at the time to be those of St Edmund, were intended for the high altar of London's
2756:
1386:. The poet John Lydgate (1370–1451), who lived all his life in Bury St Edmunds, presented his twelve-year-old king Henry VI of England with a long poem (now known as
1253:, in which Edmund's banner—depicting three crowns set on a blue background—is described, the crowns are said to represent Edmund's martyrdom, virginity and kingship.
4153:
1396:
1047:("Here! Here! Here!") until at last they found it, clasped between a wolf's paws, protected from other animals and uneaten. The followers then recovered the head.
428:
by 866/867. The Great Heathen Army attacked Mercia by the end of 867 and made peaceful terms with the Mercians; a year later the Vikings returned to East Anglia.
4382:
1041:
continued the story. His severed head was thrown into the wood. As Edmund's followers searched for him, calling out "Where are you, friend?" the head answered,
3924:
3838:
3527:
1324:
1077:
1612:
However, there is a spot where places named in the early accounts occur close together. A field called 'Hellesdon' lay just south of Pitcher's Green at
5240:
4375:
2316:
5336:
1433:
736:
and a precious stone set in gold to the shrine, which he was permitted to keep upon the condition that it was returned to the abbey when he died.
3051:
5326:
1616:; Sutton Hall stands a mile south of Bradfield St Clare on the parish boundary; Kingshall Farm, Kingshall Green and Kingshall Street occur in
5331:
5321:
3902:
3876:
3819:
3800:
3751:
3727:
3703:
3660:
3636:
3617:
3596:
3575:
3554:
3485:
3464:
3427:
3406:
3318:
3299:
3278:
3254:
3223:
3199:
3178:
3108:
3089:
3061:
1284:; during the Middle Ages, several saints were considered to have a close association with England and to be nationally important: St Edmund;
673:
was promoted and flourished, but it declined, with the production of St Edmund coins ceasing after around 910. The saint did not reappear in
450:
Edmund was buried in a wooden chapel near to where he was killed. At a date generally assumed by historians to have been during the reign of
5346:
4398:
3947:
1346:
The veneration of Edmund throughout the centuries has created a legacy of noteworthy works of art. An illustrated copy of Abbo of Fleury's
3978:
4146:
349:, which according to Ridyard "was probably Abbo's rather verbose way of saying he was descended from the ancient nobility of his race".
3960:
3543:
Reimer, Stephen R. (2004). "Unbinding Lydgate's Lives of Ss. Edmund and Fremund". In Echard, Siân; Partridge, Stephen Bradford (eds.).
2971:
910:
on this day of the year. Edmund's particular attributes are the arrow and the sword, being an English king, his attributes include the
3246:
2374:
688:, who ruled England from 1016, converted to Christianity and was instrumental in founding the abbey at Bury St Edmunds. The new stone
1088:, although only Edmund is supposed to have been decapitated. His death bears some resemblance to the fate suffered by other saints:
4495:
3856:
2692:
1029:
Abbo named one of Edmund's killers as Hinguar, who can probably be identified with Ivarr inn beinlausi (Ivar the Boneless), son of
692:
church was completed in 1032, having possibly been commissioned by Canute in time to be consecrated on the 16th anniversary of the
4520:
3847:
3372:
3120:
2369:
1625:
1486:
1467:
779:. The first record of this is a relic list for Saint-Sernin of around 1425, which included St Edmund among the church's relics.
776:
326:. Nothing is known of his life or reign from contemporary written sources. The devastation in East Anglia that was caused by the
1603:
hid under the Goldbrook bridge at Hoxne, but his hiding place was revealed to a wedding party, who gave him away to his enemies.
4253:
4162:
1157:
933:
810:
212:
by the Church. A series of coins commemorating him was minted from around the time East Anglia was absorbed by the kingdom of
5316:
4139:
1590:
851:
prior to their translation to Westminster. Although their validity had been confirmed in 1874, when two pieces were given to
740:
616:
1351:
2753:
1056:, although from his text it can be seen that he believed that the relics had been taken to Beodericsworth by the time that
5301:
5040:
4303:
907:
4087:
1084:
The resemblance between the deaths of St Sebastian and St Edmund was remarked upon by Abbo: both saints were attacked by
5306:
5196:
4452:
4288:
4248:
4060:
3717:
3496:
2879:
301:
179:
111:
1072:
5291:
5220:
1675:
1448:
1057:
920:
728:
at a location that was close to the abbey precincts, a development which caused the town to more than double in size.
304:
which suggests that a smooth transition of power occurred. The earliest documentary reference to Edmund is in the 870
4283:
4223:
4218:
2800:
1538:
The year of Edmund's death may have been 870, according to some calculations. The uncertainty has arisen because the
361:
564:
5049:
5019:
4764:
4125:
4016:
1162:
937:
786:
from 1628 to 1631, which the population ascribed to the intercession of a saint known to the church authorities as
81:
700:
locations in England. The abbey's power grew upon being given jurisdiction over the western half of the county of
5079:
4640:
4233:
4188:
3670:
825:
670:
405:. By the end of the decade the Vikings had started to over-winter in England. A larger force still, known to the
205:
4038:
5341:
5311:
4953:
4923:
4514:
4446:
4203:
4051:
1425:
772:
513:
4318:
4842:
4758:
4437:
4228:
4198:
4193:
1621:
1617:
1513:
886:
705:
597:
90:
794:
for the saint's remains. Edmund's cult flourished there for over two centuries. The reliquary, designed by
5162:
4425:
4263:
4243:
3607:
3145:
1277:
941:
843:, after an initial refusal by the church in France. Upon their arrival in England they were housed in the
802:. The saint's relics were restored to the Basilica of Saint-Sernin in 1845 and placed in a new reliquary.
364:, another 9th century king of the East Angles; the letters appear on Edmund's coins as part of the phrase
178:, who destroyed any contemporary evidence of his reign. Coins minted by Edmund indicate that he succeeded
168:
1249:(near Bury St Edmunds) are other possible sites for where Edmund was martyred. In a preface to Lydgate's
5013:
4810:
4658:
4652:
4313:
4298:
4238:
4208:
4183:
4077:
3336:
1586:
1540:
1375:
1301:
1130:
833:
729:
589:
188:
121:
4548:
440:
4011:
2405:
488:
231:); they were temporarily moved to London for safekeeping in 1010. Edmund's cult flourished during the
4965:
4935:
4917:
4854:
4818:
4804:
4273:
4178:
4173:
4067:
3943:
3768:
3001:
1382:, it shows Edmund and Edward the Confessor as the royal patrons of England presenting Richard to the
1320:
1289:
1089:
852:
768:
709:
521:
240:
5296:
4971:
4959:
4941:
4929:
4614:
4602:
4278:
4213:
1440:
1367:
1305:
1260:
in Essex, is said to have been a resting place for his body on the way to Bury St Edmunds in 1013.
455:
224:
4596:
894:, Suffolk, marking the location of an ancient oak tree, supposed to be the site of Edmund's death.
62:
5270:
5230:
5054:
5025:
4898:
4874:
4794:
4681:
4268:
3786:
3358:
2459:
1613:
1582:
1246:
899:
696:, which took place on 18 October 1016. Edmund's shrine became one of the most famous and wealthy
693:
623:
593:
421:
390:
248:
193:
174:
Few historical facts about Edmund are known, as the kingdom of East Anglia was devastated by the
3330:
3999:
3453:
902:
of Edmund, King and Martyr in the Catholic Church is 20 November. He is also remembered in the
790:, who they decided was Edmund. In gratitude for its deliverance, the city vowed to build a new
5190:
5113:
5073:
4830:
4824:
4711:
4675:
4646:
4608:
3912:
3898:
3872:
3815:
3796:
3747:
3723:
3699:
3680:
3656:
3646:
3632:
3613:
3592:
3571:
3550:
3531:
3503:
3481:
3460:
3438:
3423:
3402:
3314:
3295:
3274:
3250:
3219:
3195:
3174:
3155:
3104:
3085:
3057:
1312:
1176:
903:
799:
232:
31:
3773:
312:
compiled 20 years after his death. According to the historian Susan Ridyard, Edmund was born
255:
in the 15th century. Medieval manuscripts and works of art relating to Edmund include Abbo's
5265:
5119:
5007:
5001:
4860:
4836:
4464:
4458:
4023:
3864:
3377:
3264:
3238:
3125:
2935:
2456:"Medieval Sourcebook: Abbo of Fleury: The Martyrdom of St. Edmund, King of East Anglia, 870"
2455:
2365:
1257:
1108:
1105:
1061:
957:
783:
661:
444:
236:
5245:
5144:
5064:
4947:
4776:
4752:
4632:
4565:
3985:
3967:
2967:
2804:
2760:
1679:
911:
866:
844:
829:
744:
717:
674:
639:
633:
612:
577:
473:
353:
228:
4508:
2908:
2817:
2700:
1774:
1300:. Of these saints, Edmund was the most consistently popular with English kings, although
3149:
1650:
Ruffley had taken up the cause and helped deliver a large petition to the government in
1327:, failed in their campaign to reinstate Edmund as the patron saint of England. In 2013,
5255:
5225:
4571:
4419:
4258:
4113:
3567:
The Royal Saints of Anglo-Saxon England: a Study of West Saxon & East Anglian Cults
3209:
2993:
1655:
1569:
1501:
1379:
1371:
1285:
1196:
1192:
1173:
1030:
945:
848:
814:
748:
685:
529:
497:
338:
268:
217:
4031:
1145:, which was hostile to Herman personally. Both versions are printed and translated by
53:
5285:
5235:
5130:
4590:
4101:
4042:
3737:
3713:
1383:
1355:
1316:
1293:
1215:
1097:
840:
795:
17:
4367:
3075:
1638:
1417:
1359:
1281:
1269:
1009:
975:
755:
was taken away. The abbot and his monks were expelled and the abbey was dissolved.
752:
651:
569:
260:
252:
244:
4470:
3885:
3389:
3137:
2406:"The Project Gutenberg eBook of the Abbey Church of Tewkesbury, by H.J.L.J. Massé"
451:
300:, three of whom—Dudda, Eadmund, and Twicga—minted coins for Edmund's predecessor,
3790:
3741:
3693:
3674:
3650:
3586:
3565:
3544:
3475:
3417:
3289:
3268:
3234:
3213:
3189:
3168:
3151:
Two of the Saxon Chronicles Parallel, with supplementary extracts from the others
3079:
3067:
5150:
4746:
4579:
3448:
2114:
1335:
1146:
982:
953:
949:
871:
856:
818:
767:
publicized a claim that Edmund's remains had been taken from Bury by the future
524:
that provides evidence that the Vikings experimented with their initial design.
425:
381:
337:
Edmund cannot be placed within any ruling dynasty. The 10th century French monk
197:
3129:
956:
also has Edmund as its patron. There is a St Edmunds chapel at the East end of
288:
4770:
4553:
4323:
3868:
3684:
3422:(2nd ed.). Jefferson, North Carolina; London: McFarland and Company Inc.
3381:
1658:
1280:, and Douai Abbey. England did not ever have a single patron saint before the
1172:, a fictitious 12th-century hagiography of Edmund's early life by the English
1065:
697:
533:
3535:
3507:
372:("Edmund, King"). Otherwise, no chronology for his coins has been confirmed.
5250:
3329:
3159:
1496:
1297:
1273:
1203:
1188:
875:
861:
791:
725:
409:
385:
209:
1672:
4131:
3781:. London, Pub. for the Early English text society, by N. Trübner & co.
2797:
1133:, who was an excellent Latinist, wrote another hagiography of Edmund, the
751:), the shrine was defaced, and silver and gold to the value of over 5,000
476:. In 925 Æthelstan founded a religious community to take care of Edmund's
4693:
3399:
Herman the Archdeacon and Goscelin of Saint-Bertin: Miracles of St Edmund
2940:
2913:
2884:
1779:
1328:
1242:
1138:
764:
733:
657:
5107:
4993:
4909:
4892:
4848:
4705:
4699:
4584:
4308:
3362:
3291:
Medieval European Coinage 1. The Early Middle Ages (5th–10th centuries)
3235:"A Scientific Examination of the Relics of St Edmund at Arundel Castle"
1518:
1471:
1332:
1231:
1226:
functioned as the royal capital. Biographical details of Edmund in the
1085:
989:
915:
855:, concerns were raised about the authenticity of the Arundel relics by
701:
643:
537:
505:
331:
327:
297:
227:
from an unidentified location in East Anglia to Beodricesworth (modern
183:
175:
3772:
3346:
936:
are dedicated to Edmund, perhaps the most notable being the Church of
5156:
5138:
4886:
4880:
4476:
1651:
1180:
1076:
A 19th century carving depicting the wolf guarding Edmund's head, in
1050:
Abbo failed to date these events surrounding Edmund's translation to
606:
477:
436:
213:
3546:
The Book Unbound: Editing and Reading Medieval Manuscripts and Texts
3243:
Bury St Edmunds: Medieval Art, Architecture, Archaeology and Economy
3952:
Illuminated manuscripts depicting Edmund, from the British Library:
1585:
remained a separate jurisdiction under the control of the abbot of
1023:
Old English paraphrase of Abbo of Fleury, 'Passio Sancti Eadmundi'
3347:"A Design by Jean Chalette for the Silver Reliquary of St. Edmund"
1238:
1156:
1071:
928:
891:
885:
809:
721:
713:
689:
509:
493:
487:
305:
272:
73:
3831:"Was Hægelisdun in Essex? A new site for the martyrdom of Edmund"
3524:
Proceedings of the Suffolk Institute of Archaeology & History
1671:
Churches with surviving wall paintings of Edmund can be found at
1521:– reputedly a relative of St Edmund, who shared in his martyrdom.
464:—the location of which has never been conclusively identified—to
4687:
4559:
2909:"St Edmund takes on St George for England's patron saint honour"
2822:
Douai Abbey: Under the Patronage of St Edmund, King & Martyr
1554:
1304:
raised the importance of George when he associated him with the
1220:
1208:
1101:
1093:
1051:
1042:
466:
459:
454:, who became king of the Anglo-Saxons in 924, Edmund's body was
414:
360:, standing for 'Anglia', appear on the coins of only Edmund and
4371:
4135:
3812:
St Edmund, King and Martyr: Changing Images of a Medieval Saint
3792:
The Court Reconvenes: Courtly Literature Across the Disciplines
1033:. After describing the horrific manner of Edmund's death, the
677:
from the 9th century until the appearance of Abbo of Fleury's
3440:
Saint Edmund King and Martyr: A History of His Life and Times
3173:(5th revised ed.). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
1350:, made at Bury St Edmunds in around 1130, is now kept at the
1195:, his nomination as successor to the king and his landing at
712:, and a larger church was built in 1095, into which Edmund's
1965:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1957:
3895:
Edmund: The Untold Story of the Martyr-King and His Kingdom
3313:. Lavenham & Sudbury, Suffolk: Terence Dalton Limited.
2590:
2588:
839:
The acceptance of the relics required the intercession of
775:
in 1217. The relics had then been donated by Louis to the
368:("Edmund, King of the Angles"). Edmund's later coins read
296:
The existence of Edmund is known from coins minted by his
4072:
25 December 855 (trad.) – 20 November 869
3676:
History and Antiquities of the Abbey of St. Edmund's Bury
2491:
2489:
1141:, soon afterwards produced a revised version of Herman's
384:, their attacks on England were mainly raids on isolated
3631:. Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press.
2146:
2144:
1378:
and is the most famous representation of Edmund in art.
4027:
by Michael P. Peyton from the Saints and Relics website
865:. The relics remained at Arundel under the care of the
5261:
Nordic and Scandinavian diaspora in the United Kingdom
4024:
The Relics of St. Edmund: The Little Box from Toulouse
1179:, represented him as the youngest son of 'Alcmund', a
4085:
3401:(in Latin and English). Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press.
2936:"Campaign for St Edmund to be England's patron saint"
4035:
by Abbo of Fleury, from The Latin Library (in Latin)
3053:
The Encyclopaedia of Catholic Devotion and Practices
2998:
Richard II's Treasure: the riches of a medieval king
1800:
1798:
192:, which relates that he was killed in 869 after the
5213:
5183:
5128:
5100:
5093:
5063:
5039:
4992:
4985:
4908:
4793:
4786:
4739:
4732:
4668:
4541:
4534:
4488:
4412:
4405:
4039:
Drawing of the model for the reliquary of St Edmund
3925:
Proceedings of the Suffolk Institute of Archaeology
3839:
Proceedings of the Suffolk Institute of Archaeology
3294:. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press.
3270:
Legends, Traditions and History in Medieval England
3215:
Bloody Good: Chivalry, Sacrifice, and the Great War
2693:"The Lives of Ss. Edmund and Fremund: Introduction"
1775:"Treasure hunters found nearly 1,000 items in 2012"
1673:
Medieval Wall Painting in the English Parish Church
1331:reported a new campaign launched by Murphy and the
650:
632:
622:
603:
585:
555:
356:by Edmund's moneyers during his reign. The letters
144:
131:
127:
117:
107:
96:
89:
41:
3452:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2117:. The High Stewardship of the Liberty of St Edmund
1199:on the North Norfolk coast to claim his kingdom.
988:, or account of his martyrdom. According to Abbo,
739:Edmund's shrine was destroyed in 1539, during the
572:prays at the shrine of St Edmund, from a folio of
3340:. Vol. 5. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
2370:"Details from listed building database (1458357)"
2053:
2041:
2029:
2017:
1900:
1828:
1816:
1016:head, and his soul journeyed happily to Christ."
3194:. Christianity and Culture. Woodbridge: Brewer.
1161:A 12th-century depiction of Edmund's martyrdom (
3719:Kings and Kingdoms of Early Anglo-Saxon England
2907:Woodger, Andrew; Haugh, Richard (4 June 2013).
1187:. Lydgate spoke of his parentage, his birth at
1006:
660:, wolves, torture victims, protection from the
536:in 1840. The coins were widely used within the
223:During the 10th century, Edmund's remains were
3528:Suffolk Institute of Archaeology & History
1641:of Bury St Edmunds) appears in Lydgate's book.
1004:Edmund's death, according to Ælfric of Eynsham
978:commissioned Abbo of Fleury to write Edmund's
520:—'O St Edmund the king!'. Some of them have a
345:ex antiquorum Saxonum nobili prosapia oriundus
4383:
4147:
3917:"Fact and Fiction in the Legend of St Edmund"
3477:The Cult of St Edmund in Medieval East Anglia
3078:; Thomas, Sarah Fawcett; Burns, Paul (1997).
8:
3612:. Oxford New York: Oxford University Press.
3376:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
3191:Christianity and Romance in Medieval England
3124:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
27:King of East Anglia from about 855 until 869
3357:(4). Master Drawings Association: 418–420.
3154:(in Old English). Oxford: Clarendon Press.
3056:. Huntingdon, USA: Our Sunday Visitor Inc.
3034:
1388:Metrical Lives of Saints Edmund and Fremund
1206:on 25 December 855, at a location known as
1035:
980:
782:In 1644, after the city was saved from the
439:in late 870, where they were confronted by
343:
5097:
4989:
4905:
4790:
4736:
4538:
4409:
4390:
4376:
4368:
4154:
4140:
4132:
4047:
3288:Grierson, Philip; Blackburn, Mark (1986).
2744:
2742:
1981:
1637:The three crowns banner (representing the
1405:(2011), Bury St Edmunds, pierced by arrows
1234:, so that he could recite it from memory.
763:In 1664, a lawyer from the French city of
552:
319:and acceded to the East Anglian throne in
216:in 918, and in about 986, the French monk
38:
5241:List of English words of Old Norse origin
3570:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
3370:Lawson, M. K. (2013). "Cnut (d. 1035)".
1466:Edmund's martyrdom on a wall painting at
1258:St Andrew's Church, Greensted-juxta-Ongar
1078:St Andrew's Church, Greensted-juxta-Ongar
853:Edward Manning, Archbishop of Westminster
724:planned out over 300 new houses within a
208:emerged after Edmund's death, and he was
3746:. New York: Leicester University Press.
3695:Edmund: In Search of England's Lost King
3549:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
3218:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
3022:
2772:
2721:
2678:
2642:
2630:
2594:
2555:
2543:
2531:
2418:
2279:
2135:
2065:
1568:Guthrum who ruled East Anglia under the
1202:Edmund was said to have been crowned by
287:
4092:
4032:Passio Sancti Edmundi Regis et Martyris
3861:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
3373:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
3273:. London; Rio Grande: Hambleton Press.
3188:Field, Rosalind; Brewer, Derek (2010).
3121:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2579:
2567:
2519:
2495:
2480:
2442:
2430:
1948:
1924:
1876:
1761:
1737:
1701:
1694:
1531:
1494:The saint features in a romantic poem,
1392:
4006:from the Christian Iconography website
3679:(2nd ed.). J.B. Nichols and Son.
3480:. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press.
3118:Costambeys, Marios (2008). "Guthrum".
3084:. Collegeville: The Liturgical Press.
2796:Roman Catholic diocese of East Anglia
2733:
2666:
2654:
2618:
2606:
2352:
2340:
2243:
2186:
2162:
2150:
2077:
1969:
1864:
1852:
1840:
1713:
1370:, is held at the British Library. The
1185:The Lives of Saints Edmund and Fremund
3857:"Edmund [St Edmund] (d. 869)"
3789:; Carroll, Carleton W., eds. (2003).
3419:Symbolism: A Comprehensive Dictionary
2866:
2854:
2842:
2507:
2303:
2267:
2255:
2231:
2198:
2174:
2101:
2089:
2005:
1993:
1936:
1912:
1888:
1804:
1749:
1725:
1276:as well as kings, the Roman Catholic
836:, which was then under construction.
7:
4342:also king of Kent and king of Mercia
4000:Here Followeth The Life of S. Edmund
3948:Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England
3652:Albion: A Guide to Legendary Britain
2880:"St Edmund, Patron Saint of Suffolk"
2784:
2750:Catalogue of Illuminated Manuscripts
924:, his attribute can also be a wolf.
743:. According to a letter (now in the
398:, a larger-scale attack occurred in
167:, died 20 November 869) was king of
103:855 – 20 November 869
2291:
2219:
1100:was said to have been guarded by a
3814:. York, USA: York Medieval Press.
3722:. London and New York: Routledge.
3437:Mackinlay, James Boniface (1893).
3247:British Archaeological Association
2375:National Heritage List for England
963:Medieval hagiographies and legends
777:Basilica of Saint-Sernin, Toulouse
504:Following the death of the Danish
352:A variety of different coins were
334:that may have referred to Edmund.
220:wrote of his life and martyrdom.
76:14r and 14v from the 12th century
25:
4009:Images and information about the
3655:. HarperCollins Canada, Limited.
2964:"Detailed record for Harley 2278"
2697:The Canon of John Lydgate Project
934:Church of England parish churches
638:An arrow or a sword, a hand-held
382:Viking raid on Lindisfarne in 793
171:from about 855 until his death.
4521:Wulfhere, Ealdorman of Wiltshire
4511:, Lady of the Mercians (911–918)
4399:Viking activity in Great Britain
4119:
4107:
4095:
3848:Suffolk Institute of Archaeology
3334:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
3328:Phillips, George Edward (1909).
2570:, pp. xci, cix, cxiv–cxxix.
1478:
1459:
1447:
1432:
1410:
1395:
1374:was painted during the reign of
1315:radio presenter Mark Murphy and
563:
61:
52:
5337:Pre-Reformation Anglican saints
3795:. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Brewer.
3743:Wessex in the Early Middle Ages
3443:. London: Art and Book Company.
3170:The Oxford Dictionary of Saints
1901:Butler, Thomas & Burns 1997
1237:Edmund may have been killed at
704:by the creation in 1044 of the
4496:Æthelred, Lord of the Mercians
3101:The English Medieval Landscape
1591:dissolution of the monasteries
1485:A statue of the saint outside
741:dissolution of the monasteries
732:is said to have given a great
617:Dissolution of the Monasteries
574:Lives of SS Edmund and Fremund
292:The kingdom of the East Angles
1:
5327:9th-century Christian martyrs
5221:"Battle of Brunanburh" (poem)
5200:
5166:
4715:
4618:
4499:
3502:. Philadelphia: N. L. Brown.
3495:Preble, George Henry (1917).
3331:"St. Edmund the Martyr"
3099:Cantor, Leonard, ed. (1982).
2054:Grierson & Blackburn 1986
2042:Grierson & Blackburn 1986
2030:Grierson & Blackburn 1986
2018:Grierson & Blackburn 1986
1829:Grierson & Blackburn 1986
1817:Grierson & Blackburn 1986
1487:St Edmund's Church, Southwold
1468:St Andrew's Church, Stoke Dry
1096:and beheaded and the body of
399:
320:
313:
135:
100:
5332:9th-century English monarchs
5322:9th-century Christian saints
5197:Treaty of Alfred and Guthrum
3886:UK public library membership
3515:Redstone, Lilian J. (1914).
3390:UK public library membership
3311:Saint Edmund King and Martyr
3138:UK public library membership
3081:Butler's Lives of the Saints
882:Commemoration and attributes
771:following his defeat at the
443:and his brother, the future
251:until they were replaced by
5347:Roman Catholic royal saints
4017:Morgan Library & Museum
4002:in Caxton's translation of
3863:. Oxford University Press.
3810:Bale, Anthony, ed. (2009).
3609:The English Urban Landscape
3517:"The Liberty of St. Edmund"
3459:. New York: Pegasus Books.
3167:Farmer, David Hugh (2011).
2395:Mackinlay 1893, pp. 324–325
1628:) and Sutton Hall (3s 2d.).
1163:Morgan Library & Museum
974:In about 986, the monks of
921:Oxford Dictionary of Saints
716:were translated. After the
196:advanced into East Anglia.
82:Morgan Library & Museum
5363:
3855:Gransden, Antonia (2004).
3564:Ridyard, Susan J. (1988).
3397:Licence, Tom, ed. (2014).
1422:The Martyrdom of St Edmund
1170:De Infantia Sancti Edmundi
938:St Edmund, King and Martyr
182:, as they shared the same
29:
4986:Second invasion: 980–1012
4641:Ecgberht I of Northumbria
4332:
4169:
4074:
4065:
4057:
4050:
3588:The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
3585:Swanton, Michael (1997).
2824:. Trustees of Douai Abbey
2759:10 September 2016 at the
1218:in Suffolk. At that time
1204:Humbert, bishop of Elmham
826:Archbishop of Westminster
562:
271:, and a number of church
180:Æthelweard of East Anglia
72:The martyrdom of Edmund:
46:
4515:Odda, Ealdorman of Devon
4434:of East Anglia (855–869)
3984:23 December 2014 at the
3779:Ælfric's Lives of Saints
3474:Pinner, Rebecca (2015).
3309:Houghton, Bryan (1970).
2803:17 December 2011 at the
1426:St Edmundsbury Cathedral
720:of England in 1066, the
516:that were produced read
239:Middle Ages, and he and
30:Not to be confused with
4849:Sea Battle near Swanage
4759:Battle of Hingston Down
4163:Monarchs of East Anglia
3774:"Of Saint Edmund"
3692:Young, Francis (2018).
3606:Waller, Philip (2000).
3416:Olderr, Steven (2012).
3345:Julien, Pascal (1996).
3035:Field & Brewer 2010
2748:British Library online
1555:
1514:List of Catholic saints
1290:St Edward the Confessor
1245:in Cambridgeshire, and
1221:
1209:
1052:
1043:
706:Liberty of Saint Edmund
615:, destroyed during the
598:Eastern Orthodox Church
557:Saint Edmund the Martyr
549:Cult at Bury St Edmunds
467:
460:
415:
341:stated that Edmund was
279:King of the East Angles
91:King of the East Angles
4787:First invasion 865–896
4012:Passio Sancti Eadmundi
3897:. Wakefield: Fordaro.
3829:Briggs, Keith (2011).
3698:. London: Bloomsbury.
3629:The Origins of Suffolk
3627:Warner, Peter (1996).
3130:10.1093/ref:odnb/11793
3103:. London: Croom Helm.
2818:"Our Patron St Edmund"
1348:Passio Sancti Eadmundi
1278:diocese of East Anglia
1166:
1081:
1036:
1018:
981:
969:Passio Sancti Eadmundi
895:
821:
679:Passio Sancti Eadmundi
501:
380:For decades after the
344:
293:
257:Passio Sancti Eadmundi
78:Passio Sancto Eadmundi
5317:East Anglian monarchs
4740:Viking raids: 793–850
4659:Eohric of East Anglia
4653:Ceolwulf II of Mercia
4440:(978–1013, 1014–1016)
3990:Psalter and Canticles
3893:Taylor, Mark (2013).
3869:10.1093/ref:odnb/8500
3591:. London: Routledge.
3382:10.1093/ref:odnb/4579
3337:Catholic Encyclopedia
3233:Gem, Richard (2020).
2321:The Church of England
1587:Bury St Edmunds Abbey
1541:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
1380:Painted on oak panels
1376:Richard II of England
1228:Catholic Encyclopedia
1160:
1135:Miracles of St Edmund
1131:Herman the Archdeacon
1125:Miracles of St Edmund
1075:
998:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
889:
859:and Charles Biggs in
834:Westminster Cathedral
813:
590:Roman Catholic Church
492:A St Edmund memorial
491:
433:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
407:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
396:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
310:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
291:
243:were regarded as the
189:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
165:Edmund of East Anglia
18:Edmund of East Anglia
5302:Anglo-Saxon warriors
4893:Battle of Fearnhamme
4855:Battle of Chippenham
4819:Battle of Englefield
4438:Æthelred the Unready
3966:18 June 2013 at the
3002:University of London
2994:"The Wilton Diptych"
2669:, pp. 139, 141.
1855:, pp. 169, 172.
1678:12 June 2012 at the
1321:Member of Parliament
1286:St Gregory the Great
1064:in around 926. Upon
769:Louis VIII of France
710:Edward the Confessor
675:liturgical calendars
386:monastic communities
241:Edward the Confessor
5307:East Anglian saints
4811:Siege of Nottingham
4765:Battle of Rochester
4426:Ælla of Northumbria
4347:also king of Mercia
4126:Anglo-Saxon England
4068:King of East Anglia
3972:The Fall of Princes
3787:Altmann, Barbara K.
2845:, pp. 11, 154.
2703:on 14 February 2012
2691:Reimer, Stephen R.
2343:, pp. 20, 198.
2270:, pp. 135–136.
2258:, pp. 133–134.
2056:, pp. 319–320.
1972:, pp. 136–137.
1716:, pp. 136–139.
1441:Salisbury Cathedral
1368:Henry VI of England
1306:Order of the Garter
1256:The ancient wooden
1021:Ælfric of Eynsham,
918:. According to the
388:. According to the
5292:9th-century births
5271:Vale of York Hoard
5231:England runestones
5101:Viking settlements
4899:Battle of Benfleet
4875:Battle of Edington
4795:Great Heathen Army
4682:Halfdan Ragnarsson
4593:(947–948, 952–954)
3913:Whitelock, Dorothy
3647:Westwood, Jennifer
3365:– via JSTOR.
3249:. pp. 45–59.
3210:Frantzen, Allen J.
3050:Ball, Ann (2003).
2460:Fordham University
2008:, pp. 69, 72.
1891:, pp. 72, 74.
1614:Bradfield St Clare
1454:The Wilton Diptych
1420: –
1247:Bradfield St Clare
1191:, his adoption by
1167:
1082:
896:
822:
694:Battle of Assandun
594:Anglican Communion
532:was discovered in
512:and (more rarely)
502:
441:Æthelred of Wessex
422:Great Heathen Army
416:mycel heathen here
391:Annales Bertiniani
330:destroyed all the
294:
284:Accession and rule
194:Great Heathen Army
5279:
5278:
5191:Treaty of Wedmore
5179:
5178:
5089:
5088:
5065:Harald's invasion
5035:
5034:
4981:
4980:
4870:
4869:
4843:Battle of Reading
4831:Battle of Meretun
4825:Battle of Ashdown
4728:
4727:
4712:Thorkell the Tall
4676:Ivar the Boneless
4647:Burgred of Mercia
4609:Olaf Guthfrithson
4530:
4529:
4432:Edmund the Martyr
4365:
4364:
4294:Edmund the Martyr
4084:
4083:
4075:Succeeded by
4004:The Golden Legend
3904:978-0-9927211-0-7
3884:(subscription or
3878:978-0-19-861412-8
3821:978-1-903153-26-0
3802:978-0-85991-797-1
3769:Ælfric of Eynsham
3753:978-0-7185-1314-6
3729:978-0-415-16639-3
3705:978-17867-3-361-0
3662:978-0-246-11789-2
3638:978-0-7190-3817-4
3619:978-01986-0-117-3
3598:978-0-415-92129-9
3577:978-0-521-30772-7
3556:978-08020-8-756-0
3487:978-17832-7-035-4
3466:978-16059-8-483-4
3429:978-07864-9-067-7
3408:978-0-19-968919-4
3388:(Subscription or
3320:978-0-900963-18-6
3301:978-0-521-26009-1
3280:978-1-85285-016-6
3265:Gransden, Antonia
3256:978-09012-8-687-1
3239:Gransden, Antonia
3225:978-0-226-26085-3
3201:978-1-84384-219-4
3180:978-0-19-959660-7
3136:(Subscription or
3110:978-0-7099-0707-7
3091:978-0-8146-2387-9
3063:978-0-87973-910-2
3025:, pp. 66–67.
2974:on 6 January 2022
2724:, pp. 68–69.
2558:, pp. 86–87.
2445:, pp. 66–67.
2068:, pp. 82–83.
1783:. 16 January 2014
1313:BBC Radio Suffolk
1177:Geoffrey of Wells
1111:described Abbo's
927:A stone cross at
904:Church of England
806:Relics at Arundel
800:French Revolution
773:Battle of Lincoln
749:Cotton Collection
726:grid-iron pattern
708:, established by
667:
666:
586:Venerated in
157:Edmund the Martyr
154:
153:
32:Edward the Martyr
16:(Redirected from
5354:
5266:Silverdale Hoard
5205:
5202:
5171:
5168:
5120:North Sea Empire
5098:
5008:Battle of Pinhoe
4990:
4906:
4881:Battle of London
4861:Battle of Cynwit
4837:Battle of Basing
4791:
4737:
4720:
4717:
4623:
4620:
4615:Ragnall ua Ímair
4603:Gofraid ua Ímair
4539:
4504:
4501:
4465:Edward the Elder
4459:Alfred the Great
4410:
4392:
4385:
4378:
4369:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4156:
4149:
4142:
4133:
4124:
4123:
4122:
4112:
4111:
4110:
4100:
4099:
4098:
4091:
4058:Preceded by
4048:
3933:
3921:
3908:
3889:
3882:
3851:
3835:
3825:
3806:
3782:
3776:
3757:
3733:
3709:
3688:
3666:
3642:
3623:
3602:
3581:
3560:
3539:
3521:
3511:
3491:
3470:
3458:
3444:
3433:
3412:
3393:
3385:
3366:
3341:
3333:
3324:
3305:
3284:
3260:
3229:
3205:
3184:
3163:
3141:
3133:
3114:
3095:
3071:
3066:. Archived from
3038:
3032:
3026:
3020:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3009:
2990:
2984:
2983:
2981:
2979:
2970:. Archived from
2960:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2949:
2932:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2904:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2893:
2876:
2870:
2864:
2858:
2852:
2846:
2840:
2834:
2833:
2831:
2829:
2814:
2808:
2794:
2788:
2782:
2776:
2770:
2764:
2754:Harley 2278 f.3v
2746:
2737:
2731:
2725:
2719:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2699:. Archived from
2688:
2682:
2676:
2670:
2664:
2658:
2652:
2646:
2640:
2634:
2628:
2622:
2616:
2610:
2604:
2598:
2592:
2583:
2577:
2571:
2565:
2559:
2553:
2547:
2541:
2535:
2529:
2523:
2517:
2511:
2505:
2499:
2493:
2484:
2478:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2452:
2446:
2440:
2434:
2428:
2422:
2416:
2410:
2409:
2402:
2396:
2393:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2366:Historic England
2362:
2356:
2350:
2344:
2338:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2313:
2307:
2301:
2295:
2289:
2283:
2277:
2271:
2265:
2259:
2253:
2247:
2241:
2235:
2229:
2223:
2217:
2202:
2201:, p. 12–13.
2196:
2190:
2184:
2178:
2177:, part II p. 40.
2172:
2166:
2160:
2154:
2148:
2139:
2133:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2111:
2105:
2099:
2093:
2087:
2081:
2075:
2069:
2063:
2057:
2051:
2045:
2039:
2033:
2027:
2021:
2015:
2009:
2003:
1997:
1991:
1985:
1979:
1973:
1967:
1952:
1946:
1940:
1934:
1928:
1922:
1916:
1910:
1904:
1898:
1892:
1886:
1880:
1874:
1868:
1862:
1856:
1850:
1844:
1838:
1832:
1826:
1820:
1814:
1808:
1802:
1793:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1771:
1765:
1759:
1753:
1747:
1741:
1735:
1729:
1723:
1717:
1711:
1705:
1699:
1683:
1682:website: D to F.
1669:
1663:
1648:
1642:
1635:
1629:
1610:
1604:
1600:
1594:
1579:
1573:
1566:
1560:
1558:
1551:
1545:
1536:
1482:
1463:
1451:
1436:
1414:
1399:
1384:Virgin and Child
1362:'s 15th-century
1294:St Thomas Becket
1224:
1212:
1109:Antonia Gransden
1062:Bishop of London
1055:
1046:
1039:
1025:
986:
958:Tewkesbury Abbey
759:Cult at Toulouse
684:The Danish king
609:
567:
553:
484:Memorial coinage
470:
463:
445:Alfred the Great
418:
404:
401:
376:Death and burial
366:+ EADMUND REX AN
347:
325:
322:
318:
315:
263:'s 15th-century
249:medieval England
140:
137:
102:
65:
56:
39:
21:
5362:
5361:
5357:
5356:
5355:
5353:
5352:
5351:
5342:Anglican saints
5312:Bury St Edmunds
5282:
5281:
5280:
5275:
5209:
5203:
5175:
5169:
5124:
5085:
5080:Stamford Bridge
5059:
5041:Cnut's invasion
5031:
4977:
4954:Second Stamford
4904:
4887:Siege of Exeter
4866:
4797:
4782:
4777:Battle of Aclea
4753:Isle of Sheppey
4724:
4718:
4664:
4633:Sweyn Forkbeard
4621:
4566:Harold Harefoot
4526:
4502:
4484:
4401:
4396:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4328:
4165:
4160:
4130:
4120:
4118:
4108:
4106:
4096:
4094:
4086:
4080:
4071:
4063:
4052:English royalty
3986:Wayback Machine
3968:Wayback Machine
3940:
3919:
3911:
3905:
3892:
3883:
3879:
3854:
3833:
3828:
3822:
3809:
3803:
3785:
3767:
3764:
3762:Further reading
3754:
3736:
3730:
3712:
3706:
3691:
3669:
3663:
3645:
3639:
3626:
3620:
3605:
3599:
3584:
3578:
3563:
3557:
3542:
3526:. 15 (part 2).
3519:
3514:
3494:
3488:
3473:
3467:
3447:
3436:
3430:
3415:
3409:
3396:
3387:
3369:
3351:Master Drawings
3344:
3327:
3321:
3308:
3302:
3287:
3281:
3263:
3257:
3232:
3226:
3208:
3202:
3187:
3181:
3166:
3144:
3135:
3117:
3111:
3098:
3092:
3074:
3070:on 12 May 2016.
3064:
3049:
3046:
3041:
3033:
3029:
3021:
3017:
3007:
3005:
2992:
2991:
2987:
2977:
2975:
2968:British Library
2962:
2961:
2957:
2947:
2945:
2934:
2933:
2929:
2919:
2917:
2906:
2905:
2901:
2891:
2889:
2888:. 25 April 2007
2878:
2877:
2873:
2865:
2861:
2853:
2849:
2841:
2837:
2827:
2825:
2816:
2815:
2811:
2805:Wayback Machine
2795:
2791:
2783:
2779:
2771:
2767:
2763:(Arms of Bury).
2761:Wayback Machine
2747:
2740:
2732:
2728:
2720:
2716:
2706:
2704:
2690:
2689:
2685:
2677:
2673:
2665:
2661:
2653:
2649:
2641:
2637:
2629:
2625:
2617:
2613:
2605:
2601:
2593:
2586:
2578:
2574:
2566:
2562:
2554:
2550:
2542:
2538:
2530:
2526:
2518:
2514:
2506:
2502:
2494:
2487:
2479:
2475:
2465:
2463:
2454:
2453:
2449:
2441:
2437:
2429:
2425:
2417:
2413:
2404:
2403:
2399:
2394:
2390:
2380:
2378:
2364:
2363:
2359:
2351:
2347:
2339:
2335:
2325:
2323:
2315:
2314:
2310:
2302:
2298:
2290:
2286:
2278:
2274:
2266:
2262:
2254:
2250:
2242:
2238:
2230:
2226:
2218:
2205:
2197:
2193:
2189:, pp. 1–2.
2185:
2181:
2173:
2169:
2161:
2157:
2149:
2142:
2134:
2130:
2120:
2118:
2115:"High Stewards"
2113:
2112:
2108:
2100:
2096:
2088:
2084:
2076:
2072:
2064:
2060:
2052:
2048:
2040:
2036:
2028:
2024:
2016:
2012:
2004:
2000:
1992:
1988:
1982:Costambeys 2008
1980:
1976:
1968:
1955:
1947:
1943:
1935:
1931:
1923:
1919:
1911:
1907:
1899:
1895:
1887:
1883:
1875:
1871:
1863:
1859:
1851:
1847:
1839:
1835:
1827:
1823:
1815:
1811:
1803:
1796:
1786:
1784:
1773:
1772:
1768:
1760:
1756:
1748:
1744:
1736:
1732:
1724:
1720:
1712:
1708:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1687:
1686:
1680:Wayback Machine
1670:
1666:
1649:
1645:
1636:
1632:
1611:
1607:
1601:
1597:
1580:
1576:
1567:
1563:
1552:
1548:
1537:
1533:
1528:
1510:
1490:
1483:
1474:
1464:
1455:
1452:
1443:
1437:
1428:
1415:
1406:
1400:
1344:
1325:Bury St Edmunds
1266:
1155:
1128:
1027:
1020:
1005:
972:
965:
908:Lesser Festival
884:
867:Duke of Norfolk
845:Fitzalan Chapel
830:Herbert Vaughan
808:
761:
745:British Library
718:Norman Conquest
613:Bury St Edmunds
604:
596:
592:
581:
578:British Library
558:
551:
546:
518:SCE EADMVND REX
486:
474:Bury St Edmunds
402:
378:
323:
316:
286:
281:
229:Bury St Edmunds
159:(also known as
149:
148:20 November 869
138:
85:
70:
69:
68:
67:
66:
58:
57:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5360:
5358:
5350:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5284:
5283:
5277:
5276:
5274:
5273:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5256:Ragnar Lodbrok
5253:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5226:Cuerdale Hoard
5223:
5217:
5215:
5211:
5210:
5208:
5207:
5194:
5187:
5185:
5181:
5180:
5177:
5176:
5174:
5173:
5160:
5154:
5148:
5142:
5135:
5133:
5131:petty kingdoms
5126:
5125:
5123:
5122:
5117:
5111:
5104:
5102:
5095:
5091:
5090:
5087:
5086:
5084:
5083:
5077:
5070:
5068:
5061:
5060:
5058:
5057:
5052:
5046:
5044:
5037:
5036:
5033:
5032:
5030:
5029:
5023:
5020:St Brice's Day
5017:
5011:
5005:
4998:
4996:
4987:
4983:
4982:
4979:
4978:
4976:
4975:
4969:
4963:
4957:
4951:
4945:
4939:
4933:
4927:
4924:First Stamford
4921:
4914:
4912:
4903:
4902:
4896:
4890:
4884:
4878:
4871:
4868:
4867:
4865:
4864:
4858:
4852:
4846:
4840:
4834:
4828:
4822:
4815:
4814:
4808:
4805:Battle of York
4801:
4799:
4788:
4784:
4783:
4781:
4780:
4774:
4768:
4762:
4756:
4750:
4743:
4741:
4734:
4730:
4729:
4726:
4725:
4723:
4722:
4709:
4703:
4697:
4691:
4685:
4679:
4672:
4670:
4666:
4665:
4663:
4662:
4656:
4650:
4644:
4638:
4637:
4636:
4627:
4626:
4625:
4612:
4606:
4600:
4594:
4588:
4577:
4576:
4575:
4572:Svein Knutsson
4569:
4563:
4557:
4545:
4543:
4536:
4532:
4531:
4528:
4527:
4525:
4524:
4518:
4512:
4506:
4492:
4490:
4486:
4485:
4483:
4482:
4481:
4480:
4474:
4468:
4462:
4456:
4450:
4441:
4435:
4429:
4423:
4420:Offa of Mercia
4416:
4414:
4413:Major monarchs
4407:
4403:
4402:
4397:
4395:
4394:
4387:
4380:
4372:
4363:
4362:
4360:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4333:
4330:
4329:
4327:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4170:
4167:
4166:
4161:
4159:
4158:
4151:
4144:
4136:
4129:
4128:
4116:
4104:
4082:
4081:
4076:
4073:
4064:
4059:
4055:
4054:
4046:
4045:
4036:
4028:
4020:
4007:
3996:
3995:
3994:
3993:
3975:
3954:
3953:
3950:
3939:
3938:External links
3936:
3935:
3934:
3909:
3903:
3890:
3877:
3852:
3826:
3820:
3807:
3801:
3783:
3763:
3760:
3759:
3758:
3752:
3738:Yorke, Barbara
3734:
3728:
3714:Yorke, Barbara
3710:
3704:
3689:
3671:Yates, Richard
3667:
3661:
3643:
3637:
3624:
3618:
3603:
3597:
3582:
3576:
3561:
3555:
3540:
3512:
3492:
3486:
3471:
3465:
3445:
3434:
3428:
3413:
3407:
3394:
3367:
3342:
3325:
3319:
3306:
3300:
3285:
3279:
3261:
3255:
3230:
3224:
3206:
3200:
3185:
3179:
3164:
3142:
3115:
3109:
3096:
3090:
3072:
3062:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3039:
3037:, p. 140.
3027:
3015:
2985:
2955:
2927:
2899:
2871:
2869:, p. 153.
2859:
2847:
2835:
2809:
2789:
2787:, p. 276.
2777:
2775:, p. 152.
2765:
2738:
2736:, p. 123.
2726:
2714:
2683:
2671:
2659:
2657:, p. 219.
2647:
2635:
2623:
2621:, p. 179.
2611:
2609:, p. 169.
2599:
2597:, p. 295.
2584:
2572:
2560:
2548:
2536:
2524:
2522:, p. 231.
2512:
2500:
2498:, p. 212.
2485:
2473:
2447:
2435:
2423:
2411:
2397:
2388:
2357:
2355:, p. 177.
2345:
2333:
2317:"The Calendar"
2308:
2306:, p. 100.
2296:
2284:
2272:
2260:
2248:
2236:
2234:, p. 133.
2224:
2203:
2191:
2179:
2167:
2155:
2153:, p. 176.
2140:
2138:, p. 202.
2128:
2106:
2094:
2082:
2070:
2058:
2046:
2044:, p. 319.
2034:
2032:, p. 320.
2022:
2020:, p. 305.
2010:
1998:
1986:
1974:
1953:
1951:, p. 213.
1941:
1929:
1927:, p. 211.
1917:
1915:, p. 109.
1905:
1903:, p. 173.
1893:
1881:
1869:
1867:, p. 172.
1857:
1845:
1843:, p. 168.
1833:
1831:, p. 588.
1821:
1819:, p. 294.
1809:
1794:
1766:
1764:, p. 217.
1754:
1742:
1730:
1718:
1706:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1664:
1656:Prime Minister
1643:
1630:
1605:
1595:
1574:
1570:baptismal name
1561:
1546:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1522:
1516:
1509:
1506:
1502:ordeal by fire
1492:
1491:
1484:
1477:
1475:
1465:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1446:
1444:
1438:
1431:
1429:
1416:
1409:
1407:
1401:
1394:
1372:Wilton Diptych
1366:, written for
1358:. The copy of
1352:Morgan Library
1343:
1340:
1268:Edmund is the
1265:
1262:
1197:Old Hunstanton
1193:Offa of Mercia
1154:
1151:
1127:
1122:
1104:. The English
1053:Beodericsworth
1031:Ragnar Lodbrok
1003:
1002:
971:
966:
964:
961:
946:City of London
942:Lombard Street
883:
880:
857:Montague James
849:Arundel Castle
815:Arundel Castle
807:
804:
760:
757:
665:
664:
654:
648:
647:
636:
630:
629:
626:
620:
619:
610:
601:
600:
587:
583:
582:
568:
560:
559:
556:
550:
547:
545:
542:
530:Cuerdale Hoard
498:British Museum
485:
482:
468:Beodricesworth
377:
374:
339:Abbo of Fleury
285:
282:
280:
277:
273:wall paintings
269:Wilton Diptych
152:
151:
146:
142:
141:
133:
129:
128:
125:
124:
119:
115:
114:
109:
105:
104:
98:
94:
93:
87:
86:
71:
60:
59:
51:
50:
49:
48:
47:
44:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5359:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5289:
5287:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5236:Furness Hoard
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5218:
5216:
5212:
5198:
5195:
5192:
5189:
5188:
5186:
5182:
5164:
5161:
5158:
5155:
5152:
5149:
5146:
5143:
5140:
5137:
5136:
5134:
5132:
5127:
5121:
5118:
5115:
5112:
5109:
5106:
5105:
5103:
5099:
5096:
5092:
5081:
5078:
5075:
5072:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5062:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5038:
5027:
5024:
5021:
5018:
5015:
5012:
5009:
5006:
5003:
5000:
4999:
4997:
4995:
4991:
4988:
4984:
4973:
4970:
4967:
4964:
4961:
4958:
4955:
4952:
4949:
4946:
4943:
4940:
4937:
4934:
4931:
4928:
4925:
4922:
4919:
4916:
4915:
4913:
4911:
4907:
4900:
4897:
4894:
4891:
4888:
4885:
4882:
4879:
4876:
4873:
4872:
4862:
4859:
4856:
4853:
4850:
4847:
4844:
4841:
4838:
4835:
4832:
4829:
4826:
4823:
4820:
4817:
4816:
4812:
4809:
4806:
4803:
4802:
4800:
4796:
4792:
4789:
4785:
4778:
4775:
4772:
4769:
4766:
4763:
4760:
4757:
4754:
4751:
4748:
4745:
4744:
4742:
4738:
4735:
4731:
4713:
4710:
4707:
4704:
4701:
4698:
4695:
4692:
4689:
4686:
4683:
4680:
4677:
4674:
4673:
4671:
4669:Major leaders
4667:
4660:
4657:
4654:
4651:
4648:
4645:
4642:
4639:
4634:
4631:
4630:
4628:
4616:
4613:
4610:
4607:
4604:
4601:
4598:
4597:Amlaíb Cuarán
4595:
4592:
4591:Eric Bloodaxe
4589:
4586:
4583:
4582:
4581:
4578:
4573:
4570:
4567:
4564:
4561:
4558:
4555:
4552:
4551:
4550:
4547:
4546:
4544:
4540:
4537:
4533:
4522:
4519:
4516:
4513:
4510:
4507:
4497:
4494:
4493:
4491:
4489:Major leaders
4487:
4478:
4475:
4472:
4469:
4466:
4463:
4460:
4457:
4454:
4451:
4448:
4445:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4436:
4433:
4430:
4427:
4424:
4421:
4418:
4417:
4415:
4411:
4408:
4404:
4400:
4393:
4388:
4386:
4381:
4379:
4374:
4373:
4370:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4334:
4331:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4254:Æthelberht II
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4171:
4168:
4164:
4157:
4152:
4150:
4145:
4143:
4138:
4137:
4134:
4127:
4117:
4115:
4105:
4103:
4093:
4089:
4079:
4070:
4069:
4062:
4056:
4053:
4049:
4044:
4043:Jean Chalette
4040:
4037:
4034:
4033:
4029:
4026:
4025:
4021:
4018:
4014:
4013:
4008:
4005:
4001:
3998:
3997:
3992:13th century)
3991:
3987:
3983:
3980:
3976:
3973:
3969:
3965:
3962:
3958:
3957:
3956:
3955:
3951:
3949:
3945:
3942:
3941:
3937:
3931:
3927:
3926:
3918:
3914:
3910:
3906:
3900:
3896:
3891:
3887:
3880:
3874:
3870:
3866:
3862:
3858:
3853:
3849:
3845:
3841:
3840:
3832:
3827:
3823:
3817:
3813:
3808:
3804:
3798:
3794:
3793:
3788:
3784:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3766:
3765:
3761:
3755:
3749:
3745:
3744:
3739:
3735:
3731:
3725:
3721:
3720:
3715:
3711:
3707:
3701:
3697:
3696:
3690:
3686:
3682:
3678:
3677:
3672:
3668:
3664:
3658:
3654:
3653:
3648:
3644:
3640:
3634:
3630:
3625:
3621:
3615:
3611:
3610:
3604:
3600:
3594:
3590:
3589:
3583:
3579:
3573:
3569:
3568:
3562:
3558:
3552:
3548:
3547:
3541:
3537:
3533:
3529:
3525:
3518:
3513:
3509:
3505:
3501:
3500:
3493:
3489:
3483:
3479:
3478:
3472:
3468:
3462:
3457:
3456:
3450:
3446:
3442:
3441:
3435:
3431:
3425:
3421:
3420:
3414:
3410:
3404:
3400:
3395:
3391:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3374:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3343:
3339:
3338:
3332:
3326:
3322:
3316:
3312:
3307:
3303:
3297:
3293:
3292:
3286:
3282:
3276:
3272:
3271:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3231:
3227:
3221:
3217:
3216:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3197:
3193:
3192:
3186:
3182:
3176:
3172:
3171:
3165:
3161:
3157:
3153:
3152:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3122:
3116:
3112:
3106:
3102:
3097:
3093:
3087:
3083:
3082:
3077:
3076:Butler, Alban
3073:
3069:
3065:
3059:
3055:
3054:
3048:
3047:
3043:
3036:
3031:
3028:
3024:
3023:Frantzen 2004
3019:
3016:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2989:
2986:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2959:
2956:
2944:. 5 June 2013
2943:
2942:
2937:
2931:
2928:
2916:
2915:
2910:
2903:
2900:
2887:
2886:
2881:
2875:
2872:
2868:
2863:
2860:
2857:, p. 11.
2856:
2851:
2848:
2844:
2839:
2836:
2823:
2819:
2813:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2799:
2793:
2790:
2786:
2781:
2778:
2774:
2773:Westwood 1986
2769:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2755:
2751:
2745:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2730:
2727:
2723:
2722:Frantzen 2004
2718:
2715:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2687:
2684:
2681:, p. 24.
2680:
2679:Houghton 1970
2675:
2672:
2668:
2663:
2660:
2656:
2651:
2648:
2645:, p. 16.
2644:
2643:Houghton 1970
2639:
2636:
2633:, p. 19.
2632:
2631:Houghton 1970
2627:
2624:
2620:
2615:
2612:
2608:
2603:
2600:
2596:
2595:Phillips 1909
2591:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2576:
2573:
2569:
2564:
2561:
2557:
2556:Gransden 1992
2552:
2549:
2546:, p. 87.
2545:
2544:Gransden 1992
2540:
2537:
2534:, p. 51.
2533:
2532:Houghton 1970
2528:
2525:
2521:
2516:
2513:
2510:, p. 55.
2509:
2504:
2501:
2497:
2492:
2490:
2486:
2483:, p. 67.
2482:
2477:
2474:
2461:
2457:
2451:
2448:
2444:
2439:
2436:
2433:, p. 63.
2432:
2427:
2424:
2421:, p. 47.
2420:
2419:Gransden 1992
2415:
2412:
2407:
2401:
2398:
2392:
2389:
2377:
2376:
2371:
2367:
2361:
2358:
2354:
2349:
2346:
2342:
2337:
2334:
2322:
2318:
2312:
2309:
2305:
2300:
2297:
2294:, p. 45.
2293:
2288:
2285:
2282:, p. 78.
2281:
2280:Houghton 1970
2276:
2273:
2269:
2264:
2261:
2257:
2252:
2249:
2245:
2240:
2237:
2233:
2228:
2225:
2221:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2195:
2192:
2188:
2183:
2180:
2176:
2171:
2168:
2165:, p. 98.
2164:
2159:
2156:
2152:
2147:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2136:Redstone 1914
2132:
2129:
2116:
2110:
2107:
2104:, p. 90.
2103:
2098:
2095:
2092:, p. 89.
2091:
2086:
2083:
2079:
2074:
2071:
2067:
2066:Gransden 1992
2062:
2059:
2055:
2050:
2047:
2043:
2038:
2035:
2031:
2026:
2023:
2019:
2014:
2011:
2007:
2002:
1999:
1996:, p. 72.
1995:
1990:
1987:
1983:
1978:
1975:
1971:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1945:
1942:
1939:, p. 75.
1938:
1933:
1930:
1926:
1921:
1918:
1914:
1909:
1906:
1902:
1897:
1894:
1890:
1885:
1882:
1879:, p. 70.
1878:
1873:
1870:
1866:
1861:
1858:
1854:
1849:
1846:
1842:
1837:
1834:
1830:
1825:
1822:
1818:
1813:
1810:
1806:
1801:
1799:
1795:
1782:
1781:
1776:
1770:
1767:
1763:
1758:
1755:
1752:, p. 20.
1751:
1746:
1743:
1740:, p. 61.
1739:
1734:
1731:
1728:, p. 40.
1727:
1722:
1719:
1715:
1710:
1707:
1704:, p. xv.
1703:
1698:
1695:
1689:
1681:
1677:
1674:
1668:
1665:
1660:
1657:
1653:
1647:
1644:
1640:
1634:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1609:
1606:
1599:
1596:
1593:in the 1530s.
1592:
1588:
1584:
1578:
1575:
1572:of Æthelstan.
1571:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1550:
1547:
1543:
1542:
1535:
1532:
1525:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1499:
1498:
1488:
1481:
1476:
1473:
1469:
1462:
1457:
1450:
1445:
1442:
1435:
1430:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1413:
1408:
1404:
1398:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1356:New York City
1353:
1349:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1317:David Ruffley
1314:
1309:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1254:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1235:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1223:
1217:
1216:Bures St Mary
1213:
1211:
1205:
1200:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1175:
1171:
1164:
1159:
1153:Other legends
1152:
1150:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1098:Mary of Egypt
1095:
1091:
1087:
1079:
1074:
1070:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1054:
1048:
1045:
1044:Her, her, her
1040:
1038:
1032:
1026:
1024:
1017:
1013:
1011:
1001:
999:
993:
991:
987:
985:
984:
977:
970:
967:
962:
960:
959:
955:
952:community of
951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
930:
925:
923:
922:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
893:
888:
881:
879:
877:
873:
868:
864:
863:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
841:Pope Leo XIII
837:
835:
831:
827:
820:
816:
812:
805:
803:
801:
797:
796:Jean Chalette
793:
789:
785:
780:
778:
774:
770:
766:
758:
756:
754:
750:
746:
742:
737:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
682:
680:
676:
672:
663:
659:
655:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
635:
631:
627:
625:
621:
618:
614:
611:
608:
602:
599:
595:
591:
588:
584:
579:
575:
571:
566:
561:
554:
548:
543:
541:
539:
535:
531:
525:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
499:
495:
490:
483:
481:
479:
475:
472:, now modern
471:
469:
462:
457:
453:
448:
446:
442:
438:
434:
429:
427:
423:
419:
417:
411:
408:
397:
393:
392:
387:
383:
375:
373:
371:
370:+ EADMUND REX
367:
363:
359:
355:
350:
348:
346:
340:
335:
333:
329:
311:
307:
303:
299:
290:
283:
278:
276:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
245:patron saints
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
221:
219:
215:
211:
207:
202:
199:
195:
191:
190:
185:
181:
177:
172:
170:
166:
162:
158:
147:
143:
134:
130:
126:
123:
120:
116:
113:
110:
106:
99:
95:
92:
88:
83:
79:
75:
64:
55:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
4431:
4293:
4066:
4030:
4022:
4010:
4003:
3989:
3979:Royal 2 B VI
3971:
3929:
3923:
3894:
3860:
3843:
3837:
3811:
3791:
3778:
3742:
3718:
3694:
3675:
3651:
3628:
3608:
3587:
3566:
3545:
3523:
3497:
3476:
3454:
3449:Oliver, Neil
3439:
3418:
3398:
3371:
3354:
3350:
3335:
3310:
3290:
3269:
3242:
3214:
3190:
3169:
3150:
3119:
3100:
3080:
3068:the original
3052:
3030:
3018:
3006:. Retrieved
2997:
2988:
2976:. Retrieved
2972:the original
2958:
2946:. Retrieved
2939:
2930:
2918:. Retrieved
2912:
2902:
2890:. Retrieved
2883:
2874:
2862:
2850:
2838:
2826:. Retrieved
2821:
2812:
2792:
2780:
2768:
2749:
2729:
2717:
2705:. Retrieved
2701:the original
2696:
2686:
2674:
2662:
2650:
2638:
2626:
2614:
2602:
2580:Licence 2014
2575:
2568:Licence 2014
2563:
2551:
2539:
2527:
2520:Ridyard 1988
2515:
2503:
2496:Ridyard 1988
2481:Ridyard 1988
2476:
2464:. Retrieved
2450:
2443:Ridyard 1988
2438:
2431:Ridyard 1988
2426:
2414:
2400:
2391:
2379:. Retrieved
2373:
2360:
2348:
2336:
2324:. Retrieved
2320:
2311:
2299:
2287:
2275:
2263:
2251:
2239:
2227:
2194:
2182:
2170:
2158:
2131:
2119:. Retrieved
2109:
2097:
2085:
2073:
2061:
2049:
2037:
2025:
2013:
2001:
1989:
1977:
1949:Ridyard 1988
1944:
1932:
1925:Ridyard 1988
1920:
1908:
1896:
1884:
1877:Swanton 1997
1872:
1860:
1848:
1836:
1824:
1812:
1807:, p. 7.
1785:. Retrieved
1778:
1769:
1762:Ridyard 1988
1757:
1745:
1738:Ridyard 1988
1733:
1721:
1709:
1702:Swanton 1997
1697:
1667:
1646:
1639:coat of arms
1633:
1608:
1598:
1577:
1564:
1553:
1549:
1539:
1534:
1495:
1493:
1421:
1418:Brian Whelan
1402:
1387:
1363:
1360:John Lydgate
1347:
1345:
1310:
1282:Tudor period
1270:patron saint
1267:
1255:
1250:
1236:
1227:
1219:
1207:
1201:
1184:
1169:
1168:
1142:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1116:
1112:
1083:
1049:
1034:
1028:
1022:
1019:
1014:
1010:St Sebastian
1007:
997:
994:
979:
976:Ramsey Abbey
973:
968:
926:
919:
897:
890:Monument in
860:
838:
824:In 1901 the
823:
787:
781:
762:
738:
683:
678:
668:
573:
570:John Lydgate
526:
517:
514:half-pennies
503:
465:
449:
432:
430:
413:
406:
395:
389:
379:
369:
365:
357:
351:
342:
336:
309:
295:
264:
261:John Lydgate
256:
253:Saint George
222:
203:
187:
173:
164:
160:
156:
155:
77:
36:
5246:Norse–Gaels
5163:East Anglia
5151:Northumbria
5043:(1015–1016)
5014:First Alton
4994:The Danelaw
4910:The Danelaw
4889:(893, 1001)
4747:Lindisfarne
4635:(1013–1014)
4580:Northumbria
4574:(1030–1035)
4568:(1035–1040)
4562:(1016–1035)
4556:(1035–1042)
4406:Anglo-Saxon
4304:Æthelred II
3961:Harley 1766
3530:: 200–211.
3455:The Vikings
3146:Earle, John
3008:12 December
2978:13 December
2828:14 December
2734:Preble 1917
2667:Warner 1996
2655:Warner 1996
2619:Reimer 2004
2607:Reimer 2004
2466:13 December
2353:Olderr 2012
2341:Olderr 2012
2244:Julien 1996
2187:Pinner 2015
2163:Waller 2000
2151:Cantor 1982
2078:Lawson 2013
1970:Farmer 2011
1865:Oliver 2013
1853:Oliver 2013
1841:Oliver 2013
1714:Farmer 2011
1336:Greene King
1214:, possibly
1165:, New York)
1147:Tom Licence
1106:medievalist
954:Douai Abbey
950:Benedictine
872:Douai Abbey
819:West Sussex
628:20 November
461:Haegelisdun
426:Northumbria
410:chroniclers
169:East Anglia
150:East Anglia
108:Predecessor
84:, New York)
5297:869 deaths
5286:Categories
5204: 890
5170: 550
4966:Brunanburh
4936:Tettenhall
4918:Buttington
4771:Carhampton
4719: 970
4622: 914
4554:Harthacnut
4523:(855–?877)
4503: 881
4324:Guthrum II
4289:Æthelweard
4249:Æthelred I
4061:Æthelweard
4019:, New York
3932:: 217–233.
3850:: 277–291.
3685:1153377679
3392:required.)
3140:required.)
2867:Young 2018
2855:Young 2018
2843:Young 2018
2508:Young 2018
2304:Young 2018
2268:Young 2018
2256:Young 2018
2232:Young 2018
2199:Young 2018
2175:Yates 1843
2102:Young 2018
2090:Young 2018
2006:Young 2018
1994:Young 2018
1937:Young 2018
1913:Yorke 1995
1889:Earle 1865
1805:Young 2018
1787:19 January
1750:Yorke 2002
1726:Young 2018
1690:References
1659:Tony Blair
1589:until the
1302:Edward III
1264:Patronages
1066:exhumation
990:St Dunstan
698:pilgrimage
634:Attributes
544:Veneration
534:Lancashire
456:translated
403: 844
324: 855
317: 841
302:Æthelweard
225:translated
204:A popular
139: 841
112:Æthelweard
5251:Old Norse
5159:(527–918)
5153:(653–954)
5147:(410–825)
5141:(519–927)
5116:(866–954)
5110:(865–896)
5050:Brentford
4972:Stainmore
4960:Corbridge
4942:Tempsford
4930:The Holme
4708:(892–896)
4702:(874–890)
4696:(865–870)
4690:(865–878)
4684:(865–877)
4678:(865–870)
4661:(917–927)
4655:(874–880)
4649:(852–874)
4643:(867–872)
4611:(939–941)
4605:(921–934)
4599:(941–944)
4587:(883–895)
4549:Knýtlinga
4509:Æthelflæd
4473:(924–939)
4471:Æthelstan
4467:(899–924)
4461:(871–899)
4455:(839–858)
4453:Æthelwulf
4449:(802–839)
4428:(unk–867)
4422:(757–796)
4352:sub-kings
4319:Æthelwold
4309:Guthrum I
4284:Æthelstan
4279:Beornwulf
4224:Æthelwold
4219:Æthelhere
4204:Sigeberht
3888:required)
3536:0262-6004
3508:834673566
2948:8 January
2892:20 August
2785:Ball 2003
2121:9 January
1622:shillings
1497:Athelston
1403:St Edmund
1311:In 2006,
1298:St George
1274:pandemics
1189:Nuremberg
906:, with a
900:feast day
876:Berkshire
862:The Times
792:reliquary
730:King John
669:Edmund's
658:pandemics
652:Patronage
452:Æthelstan
362:Æthelstan
210:canonised
161:St Edmund
118:Successor
5184:Treaties
5129:English
5055:Assandun
5026:Ringmere
4798:(865–78)
4694:Hvitserk
4629:England
4542:Monarchs
4479:(946–954
4447:Ecgberht
4443:Wessex:
4337:co-kings
4274:Ceolwulf
4229:Ealdwulf
4199:Ricberht
4194:Eorpwald
3982:Archived
3964:Archived
3944:Edmund 6
3915:(1969).
3771:(1881).
3740:(1995).
3716:(2002).
3673:(1843).
3649:(1986).
3451:(2013).
3267:(1992).
3212:(2004).
3160:66231428
3148:(1865).
2941:BBC News
2914:BBC News
2885:BBC News
2801:Archived
2757:Archived
2707:26 April
2326:27 March
2292:Gem 2020
2220:Gem 2020
1780:BBC News
1676:Archived
1508:See also
1439:Statue,
1329:BBC News
1243:Dernford
1143:Miracles
1139:Goscelin
1090:St Denis
1058:Theodred
788:Aymundus
765:Toulouse
734:sapphire
394:and the
332:charters
298:moneyers
198:Medieval
184:moneyers
5214:Culture
5108:Danelaw
5074:Fulford
4733:Battles
4706:Hastein
4700:Guthrum
4585:Guthred
4269:Cœnwulf
4264:Eadwald
4244:Alberht
4234:Ælfwald
4189:Rædwald
4114:Royalty
4088:Portals
4015:at the
3499:Nations
3363:1554276
3241:(ed.).
3044:Sources
2798:website
1618:Rougham
1583:Liberty
1519:Ragener
1472:Rutland
1232:Psalter
1094:whipped
1086:archers
1060:became
944:in the
916:sceptre
702:Suffolk
656:Kings,
644:sceptre
538:Danelaw
510:pennies
506:Guthrum
412:as the
328:Vikings
308:of the
176:Vikings
5157:Mercia
5139:Wessex
5114:Jorvik
5094:Places
5082:(1066)
5076:(1066)
5067:(1066)
5028:(1010)
5022:(1002)
5016:(1001)
5010:(1001)
5002:Maldon
4721:–1024)
4535:Viking
4477:Eadred
4314:Eohric
4299:Oswald
4239:Beonna
4209:Ecgric
4184:Tytila
4102:Saints
4078:Oswald
3901:
3875:
3818:
3799:
3750:
3726:
3702:
3683:
3659:
3635:
3616:
3595:
3574:
3553:
3534:
3506:
3484:
3463:
3426:
3405:
3386:
3361:
3317:
3298:
3277:
3253:
3222:
3198:
3177:
3158:
3134:
3107:
3088:
3060:
3004:. 2007
2920:6 June
2462:. 2021
2381:24 May
1662:2006".
1652:London
1342:In art
1333:brewer
1319:, the
1296:; and
1113:Passio
1037:Passio
1012:was).
983:passio
948:. The
784:plague
714:relics
686:Canute
662:plague
646:, wolf
607:shrine
605:Major
522:legend
478:shrine
437:Wessex
354:minted
267:, the
214:Wessex
122:Oswald
74:Folios
42:Edmund
5193:(886)
5172:–918)
5004:(991)
4974:(954)
4968:(937)
4962:(918)
4956:(918)
4950:(917)
4948:Derby
4944:(917)
4938:(910)
4932:(902)
4926:(894)
4920:(893)
4901:(894)
4895:(893)
4883:(886)
4877:(878)
4863:(878)
4857:(878)
4851:(877)
4845:(871)
4839:(871)
4833:(871)
4827:(871)
4821:(870)
4813:(867)
4807:(867)
4779:(851)
4773:(843)
4767:(842)
4761:(838)
4755:(835)
4749:(793)
4624:–921)
4517:(878)
4505:–911)
4357:Danes
4179:Wuffa
4174:Wehha
3920:(PDF)
3846:(3).
3834:(PDF)
3520:(PDF)
3359:JSTOR
3237:. In
1626:pence
1526:Notes
1239:Hoxne
1222:Burna
1210:Burna
1181:Saxon
1174:canon
1117:Lives
929:Hoxne
892:Hoxne
753:marks
722:abbot
690:abbey
624:Feast
494:penny
458:from
306:annal
233:Early
97:Reign
5145:Kent
4688:Ubba
4560:Cnut
4259:Offa
4214:Anna
3899:ISBN
3873:ISBN
3844:XLII
3816:ISBN
3797:ISBN
3748:ISBN
3724:ISBN
3700:ISBN
3681:OCLC
3657:ISBN
3633:ISBN
3614:ISBN
3593:ISBN
3572:ISBN
3551:ISBN
3532:ISSN
3504:OCLC
3482:ISBN
3461:ISBN
3424:ISBN
3403:ISBN
3315:ISBN
3296:ISBN
3275:ISBN
3251:ISBN
3220:ISBN
3196:ISBN
3175:ISBN
3156:OCLC
3105:ISBN
3086:ISBN
3058:ISBN
3010:2021
2980:2021
2950:2022
2922:2013
2894:2007
2830:2021
2709:2013
2468:2021
2383:2022
2328:2021
2123:2022
1789:2014
1581:The
1364:Life
1323:for
1251:Life
1102:lion
1092:was
914:and
898:The
671:cult
642:and
431:The
265:Life
237:High
235:and
218:Abbo
206:cult
145:Died
132:Born
4041:by
3946:at
3865:doi
3378:doi
3126:doi
1624:8d
1354:in
1308:.
1272:of
912:orb
874:in
847:at
817:in
747:'s
640:orb
247:of
163:or
5288::
5201:c.
5167:c.
4716:c.
4619:c.
4500:c.
3977:-
3959:-
3930:31
3928:.
3922:.
3871:.
3859:.
3842:.
3836:.
3777:.
3522:.
3355:34
3353:.
3349:.
3245:.
3000:.
2996:.
2966:.
2938:.
2911:.
2882:.
2820:.
2752::
2741:^
2695:.
2587:^
2488:^
2458:.
2372:.
2368:.
2319:.
2206:^
2143:^
1956:^
1797:^
1777:.
1654:.
1504:.
1470:,
1424:,
1292:;
1288:;
1149:.
940:,
878:.
828:,
480:.
447:.
420:(‘
400:c.
358:AN
321:c.
314:c.
275:.
259:,
136:c.
101:c.
5206:)
5199:(
5165:(
4714:(
4617:(
4498:(
4391:e
4384:t
4377:v
4155:e
4148:t
4141:v
4090::
3988:(
3974:)
3970:(
3907:.
3881:.
3867::
3824:.
3805:.
3756:.
3732:.
3708:.
3687:.
3665:.
3641:.
3622:.
3601:.
3580:.
3559:.
3538:.
3510:.
3490:.
3469:.
3432:.
3411:.
3384:.
3380::
3323:.
3304:.
3283:.
3259:.
3228:.
3204:.
3183:.
3162:.
3132:.
3128::
3113:.
3094:.
3012:.
2982:.
2952:.
2924:.
2896:.
2832:.
2807:.
2711:.
2582:.
2470:.
2408:.
2385:.
2330:.
2246:.
2222:.
2125:.
2080:.
1984:.
1791:.
1489:.
1080:.
580:)
576:(
500:)
496:(
80:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
