971:(AAAS), President Truman, with Condon sitting nearby on the dais, denounced Rep. Thomas and HUAC on the grounds that vital scientific research "may be made impossible by the creation of an atmosphere in which no man feels safe against the public airing of unfounded rumors, gossip and vilification". He called HUAC's activities "the most un-American thing we have to contend with today. It is the climate of a totalitarian country". Condon opposed any cooperation with Congressional attempts to identify security risks within the scientific community. In June 1949, in a sharply critical letter to Oppenheimer, who had provided information to HUAC about a colleague, he wrote: "I have lost a good deal of sleep trying to figure out how you could have talked this way about a man whom you have known for so long, and of whom you know so well what a good physicist and good citizen he is." In July 1949, he testified before a Senate subcommittee that was considering rules governing the operation of Senate committees. He criticized Thomas and the HUAC for holding closed hearings and then leaking information that denigrated his loyalty and that of other scientists. He said that the committee denied his and his colleagues' requests for public hearings so they could respond.
942:-NY) stated, "It is no coincidence that this attack on Dr. Condon—an attack abhorred and shamed in all responsible opinion of press and science comes at this particular moment—at this moment when the House Committee on Un-American Activities seeks the most swollen appropriation it has ever Ventured to ask of a Congress." Holifield added, "The technique used by the committee counsel is biased and prejudiced ... We have a flagrant example ... in the partial report on Dr. Condon ... I want to comment here on the use of the word 'partial' ... The committee counsel omitted a line of the letter ... 'There is no evidence to show that contacts between this individual and Dr. Condon were related to this individual's espionage activities' ... This man, Dr. Condon, has been pilloried before the American people now for over 8 months. He has asked for a chance to tell his story; that chance has been denied"
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considerable personal sacrifices I do not feel justified in making it. I do not see how such a view could have been reached without my coming here to see the problem at first hand. The thing which upset me most is the extraordinary close security policy. I do not feel qualified to question the wisdom of this since I am totally unaware of the extent of enemy espionage and sabotage activities. I only want to say that in my case I found that the extreme concern with security was morbidly depressing—especially the discussion about censoring mail and telephone calls, the possible militarization and complete isolation of the personnel from the outside world. I know that before long all such concerns would make me so depressed as to be of little if any value.
1167:"spiritualism", "dowsers" and "so-called educated people". The article concludes with a penultimate paragraph holding that: "Perhaps we need a National Magic Agency to make a large and expensive study of all these matters, including the future scientific study of UFOs, if any"; as well as a final paragraph potentially serving as the Condon Committee take-home message, in which it is noted that: "publishers who publish or teachers who teach any of the pseudo-sciences as established truth should, on being found guilty, be publicly horsewhipped, and forever banned from further activity in these usually honorable professions. Truth and children's minds are too precious for us to allow them to be abused by charlatans".
964:. The entire physics department of Harvard and numerous professional organizations wrote Truman on Condon's behalf. The Emergency Committee of Atomic Scientists held a dinner on April 12, 1948, to demonstrate support, with nine Nobel Prize winners among the sponsors. The National Academy of Sciences, by contrast, considered only a statement criticizing HUAC's procedures rather than defending Condon. Despite widespread support among its members (275 to 35), the National Academy of Sciences' leadership did not release a statement, and instead opted to speak privately with Rep. Thomas. On July 15, 1948, the Atomic Energy Commission granted Condon a security clearance, allowing him to access classified information at NIST.
905:(Dem-CA) noted: "...calling the attention of the Members to H. R. 4641, a bill which I introduced December 4, 1947. The purpose of this bill is to prescribe the procedures of investigating committees of the Congress and to protect the rights of parties under investigation by such committees. If this bill could be enacted, it would extend to a world-famous scientist, such as Dr. E. U. Condon, the same protection which is now available to a chicken thief or a traffic violator; that is, the right of defense against his accusers. Character assassination under the cloak of congressional immunity by a Member of Congress or a Congressional committee is a dangerous and abominable travesty." On March 9, 1948, Representative
930:"I believe the attitude and the action of the Un-American Activities Committee toward a very famous scientist, Dr. Edward U. Condon, has been very unjust and unfair. The conduct of that committee on the Condon case is typical. Dr. Condon has been deliberately made a victim of popular hysteria against Russia. He has not been heard by the Un-American Activities Committee. He requested a hearing twice before, and again last week; but his requests have been denied... The committee deliberately disregarded the views of the FBI. which said in effect that there was no evidence of disloyalty of Dr. Condon."
1039:. He said his $ 14,000 annual government salary was his reason for the move. President Truman issued a statement of praise: "You have served in a most critical position with continued and loyal attention to your duties as director, and by reason of your standing among scientists and the supervision you have given to the bureau's activities, you have made of it a more important agency than it has ever been before". Two Republican Congressmen asserted that Condon was being investigated as a security risk and was leaving "under fire", a charge the Secretary of Commerce
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Soviet and satellite embassies, the committee demands his discharge. "It is known," said a letter quoted by the committee and purportedly from the FBI, "that in
February 1947 Zlotowski (an attaché in the Polish Embassy) purchased 270 books on atomic energy which had been published by the Department of Commerce" ... "To fair-minded Americans it will seem clear that Condon is being persecuted because he was appointed head of the Bureau of Standards by Henry Wallace when Wallace was Secretary of Commerce."
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such a thing as double jeopardy. If one of these committees or the FBI gestapo make up their mind to get a man, they will come at him again and again from every angle until either they get him thrown out or the tension becomes so great that he gives up and bows out. We are going to wreck our atomic program with these methods, Mr. President, because scientists are self-respecting people Who refuse to be hounded and shadowed and have the finger of suspicion constantly pointed at them.
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forefront of one revolutionary movement ... you could be at the forefront of another". Condon said he replied: "I believe in
Archimedes' Principle, formulated in the third century B.C. I believe in Kepler's laws of planetary motion, discovered in the seventeenth century. I believe in Newton's laws ...." and continued with a catalog of scientists from earlier centuries, including the
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Corning because the company was seeking government research contracts and he lacked the clearance necessary for participating in military research. After citing the security reviews he had passed over the years, he said: "I am unwilling to continue a potentially indefinite series of reviews and re-reviews". Corning had paid Condon's clearance-related legal expenses while he worked there.
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888:, has refused to respond to a congressional subpoena to supply information with respect to one Dr. Condon. I am not presuming to pass on the facts in that case, but I do wish to point out that this follows the same pattern of Secrecy as the administration has been following with respect to congressional subpoenas throughout this entire session." On March 6, 1948, a
723:. He indicated his desire to attend. When Groves learned of this, he contacted Condon's employers at Westinghouse, and explained that he believed this would be dangerous from the perspective of possibly revealing information about the atomic bomb work that was still on-going. Condon attempted to contact the
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which includes: "Watergate came as no surprise to Edward Condon, nor did its aftermath. I imagine he would like to have lived to see the outcome of the impeachment inquiry. But Condon understood and paid his share of the price of liberty. Somehow his idealism, his sense of humor and his inexhaustible
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had prosaic explanations. Blue Book was terminated at the end of 1969 - shortly after the Condon Report reached the general public - and the latter work has been cited as a key factor in the generally low levels of interest in UFOs taken subsequently by mainstream scientists and academics.. A role in
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It is very difficult, Mr. President, to stand up against this diabolical
Witchhunt. Witness the attack on Dr. Edward Condon the last few days. Here is a great American scientist, one of the greatest, who had already been cleared of suspicion; but in this witch hunt business, Mr. President, there is
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The current loyalty witch hunt is shown in its shabbiest and meanest form in the attack on Dr. Edward U. Condon ... It relies almost on guilt by association. Because Dr. Condon, head of the
National Bureau of Standards, talked to the wife of the Polish Ambassador and to two or three attachés of
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in 1953. In
September 1952, Condon, in testimony before a Congressional committee, had his first opportunity to deny under oath all charges of disloyalty that had been made against him. The HUAC concluded in its annual report for 1952 that Condon was unsuited for a security clearance because of his
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Communists want nothing more than to be lumped with freedom-loving non-Communists ... This simply makes it easier for them to conceal their true nature, and to allege that the term 'Communist' is meaningless ... At the same time, we cannot let abuses deter us from the legitimate exposing
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Nevertheless, a HUAC report dated March 2, 1948 stated, "It appears that Dr. Condon is one of the weakest links in our atomic security". Condon responded: "If it is true that I am one of the weakest links in atomic security that is very gratifying and the country can feel absolutely safe for I am
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reported how Condon described one encounter with a loyalty review board. A board member stated his concern: "Dr. Condon, it says here that you have been at the forefront of a revolutionary movement in physics called ... quantum mechanics. It strikes this hearing that if you could be at the
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on
October 21. Vice President Nixon took credit for the suspension, and the Atomic Scientists of Chicago charged "political abuse of the national security system", though Secretary Thomas denied Nixon had played a role. Condon withdrew his application for clearance and in December resigned from
1144:. He was chosen for his eminence and his lack of any stated position on UFOs. He later wrote that he agreed to head the project "on the basis of appeals to duty to do a needed public service" on the part of the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research. Its 1968 final report - which drew on
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administration "was committed by policy to the persecution of scientists, or, at the very least, to a callous indifference toward what others were doing to attack and discredit them. I decided the situation was hopeless, and that I had done all that could be reasonably expected of me in having
514:, initially joining the College of Chemistry; when he learned that his high school physics teacher had joined the faculty, he switched majors to take classes in theoretical physics. Condon earned his bachelor's degree in three years and his doctorate in two. His Ph.D. thesis combined work by
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described, in his "Biographical Memoir" of Condon, as "light-hearted". While the article/talk begins scientifically, offering a degree of background history of both the phenomenon and the research response to it, it then seeks to preclude reliable witnessing by the public by stressing the
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that denigrated his loyalty in two articles published. Thomas had several reasons to make a prominent case of Condon. He had no sympathy for the scientific community's international spirit in the first place and could use the ongoing controversy to argue for an increase in his committee's
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In trying to be clear about the reasons for the decision I suppose it boils down to this: With additional knowledge of detailed needs of the project I was unable to get a strong conviction that I am decidedly more useful to the war here than at
Westinghouse. Since the change would entail
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spacecraft. The tone and tenor of further parts of the article/talk are set by Condon's deploying of the terms "gullible audiences", "pseudo-science organizations", "charlatans", "cultists", the "narrow wobbly line" between science and pseudoscience, "accepted on faith", "astrologers",
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Five months later Condon's clearance was revoked as was standard when someone left government service. He was granted a security clearance once more on July 12, 1954. It was announced on
October 19 and then suspended by Secretary of the Navy
1055:"propensity for associating with persons disloyal or of questionable loyalty and his contempt for necessary security regulations". On December 30, 1952, Condon assumed the presidency of the AAAS at its annual meeting, where, according to the
649:'s Radiation Laboratory. On May 11, 1940, Condon showcased his machine called the Nimatron at the 1940 New York World Fair. Condon filed for the patent on April 26, 1940 and got it on September 24, 1940 for his innovating machine,
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also objected to an alternative proposal to send files on the Condon case to the top-level "Loyalty Review Board" in the Civil
Service Commission. The Commerce Department's own loyalty board had already cleared Condon, and the
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wrote a letter intended for
President Truman that named several senior government officials as part of a Soviet network. It described Condon as "nothing more or less than an espionage agent in disguise." (Decades later Senator
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appropriation, to bolster opposition to the Condon-supported McMahon Act, and to attract favorable coverage during election season. The Department of Commerce cleared Condon of disloyalty charges on February 24, 1948.
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751:, placing atomic energy under civilian control. Adopting an internationalist viewpoint, Condon favored international scientific cooperation and joined the American-Soviet Science Society. Condon was elected to the
499:, to William Edward Condon and Carolyn Uhler. His father was supervising the construction of a narrow-gauge railroad, many of which were built in the area by logging companies. After graduating from high school in
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Following the war, Condon played a leading role in organizing scientists to lobby for civilian control of atomic energy rather than military control under strict security. He worked as science adviser to Senator
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2208:. US GPO. March 1948. pp. 1987 (Rankin report), 2018 (Chavez statement), 2222 (MacKinnon statement), 2337 (HR 4641 / Holifield), 2389 (Taylor), 2405 (Celler, Rankin), 2407 (Isacson), 2407–2408 (Holifield)
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Condon died on March 26, 1974, twenty-four days after his 72nd birthday, in Boulder Colorado Community Hospital. He was cremated and his ashes were scattered. His wife Emma died just over 7 months later.
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energy diagram. Since electronic transitions are very fast compared with nuclear motions, vibrational levels are favored when they correspond to a minimal change in the nuclear coordinates. The
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1301:(NIST) gives an annual award named for Condon. The Condon Award recognizes distinguished achievements in written exposition in science and technology at NIST. The award was initiated in 1974.
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among those who opposed McCarthyism, especially scientists, and was one of the most prominent cases of its time, and he was defended by many prominent scientists, as well as President
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entitled "UFOs I Have Loved and Lost" and also offered in the Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. This reflected a talk given to the APS that Physicist
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editorial stated, "There is an abundance of precedent for the Secretary's refusal to turn over his department's loyalty board files on Dr. Edward U. Condon." The
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completely reliable, loyal, conscientious and devoted to the interests of my country, as my whole life and career clearly reveal". On March 3, 1948, Senator
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in 1944. In June 1945, Condon was among many prominent American scientists invited to attend a celebration of the 220th anniversary of the founding of the
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Oral history interview transcript with Edward Condon on 11 September 1973, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library & Archives – Session III
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In 1922, Condon married Chicago-born Emilie/Emma Honzik (1899-1974), who was a translator from the Czech language. They had two sons and a daughter. Son
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agreed to nominate him. The Senate confirmed his nomination without opposition. Condon served as NBS director until 1951. He was also president of the
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Oral history interview transcript with Edward Condon on 17 October 1967, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library & Archives – Session I
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Oral history interview transcript with Edward Condon on 27 April 1968, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library & Archives – Session II
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Condon was upset that Oppenheimer did not stand up to Groves, but he did not know that Oppenheimer had yet to receive his own security clearance.
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1162:"extraordinary degree of disagreement" characterising people's reports of an undisputed event - the atmospheric re-entry of the Soviet Union's
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1117:. He once said privately: "I join every organization that seems to have noble goals. I don't ask whether it contains Communists".
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this was played by Yuletide reading Condon provided in December 1969, in the form of a 3-page article reproduced in the
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says he was to be president of the organization in 1954, but Wang, "Security" 265, establishes that the term was 1953.
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With his record finally cleared in 1951, Condon left government to become head of research and development for the
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2377:. Columbia University Press. pp. 146–147 (Condon), 147 (Counterattack), 148–149 (Hiss), 149–150 (Robeson).
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645:. He served as a consultant to the National Defense Research Committee during World War II and helped organize
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The Manhattan Project: The Birth of the Atomic Bomb in the Words of its Creators, Eyewitnesses, and Historians
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In his "Biographical Memoir", Philip Morse seeks to sum up Condon's impact with a quote from fellow Physicist
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During the 1940s, Condon's security clearance status was repeatedly questioned, reviewed, and re-established.
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From August 1943 to February 1945, Condon worked as a part-time consultant at Berkeley on the separation of
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1182:(1968–69) and was Co-Chair of the National Committee for a Sane Nuclear Policy (1970). He co-edited the
1002:. Regarding Condon, Hollenbeck critiqued anti-communists for going about their business the wrong way:
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2777:"Preparing earth constitution | Global Strategies & Solutions | The Encyclopedia of World Problems"
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information from the USAF, as well as reports collected by two civilian organisations - concluded that
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The Biological Universe: The Twentieth Century Extraterrestrial Life Debate and the Limits of Science
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884:(Rep-MN) stated: "Mr. Speaker, today's paper carries the story that the Secretary of Commerce, Mr.
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to 1936, but facsimile editions establish 1935 as the correct copyright date, along with Wheeler.
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Wang, Jessica (June 1992). "Science, Security, and the Cold War: The Case of E. U. Condon".
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called it "baseless corridor talk.") The Truman administration ignored Hoover's charges.
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1011:(Here, Hollenbeck was placing Condon in the "freedom-loving non-Communist" camp.)
2956:(2005). "American Prometheus: The Triumph and Tragedy of J. Robert Oppenheimer".
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in 1968. On his retirement, his colleagues honored him with the publication of a
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held a discussion with the director of the project's Metallurgical Lab at the
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1680:
1245:
987:
621:
in Pittsburgh, beginning in 1937, where he established research programs in
572:
552:
1271:
762:
came to know Condon and in October 1945 recommended him as director of the
901:
argued that this decision should stand. On March 8, 1948, Representative
5043:
4811:
4707:
4479:
4248:
4224:
4159:
4120:
3197:
Linus Pauling and the International Peace Movement: A Documentary History
2949:
1696:
1316:
energy made his relentless quest for a better world look like optimism."
732:
650:
530:
518:
on measuring and analyzing band spectral intensities and a suggestion by
206:
4551:
4236:
4133:
1288:
1140:
From 1966 to 1968, Condon directed Boulder's UFO Project, known as the
638:
2977:
2017:
1992:
1524:
1499:
1073:
In 1958, Condon wrote that his decision reflected his belief that the
4695:
4611:
4539:
4386:
4188:
720:
291:
780:
Independent Citizens Committee of the Arts, Sciences and Professions
614:, "a bible on the subject from the moment of its 1935 publication".
3117:
403:(now NIST) from 1945 to 1951. In 1946, Condon was president of the
5431:
Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
4683:
4659:
4647:
4635:
4599:
4587:
4563:
4527:
4515:
4503:
4491:
4334:
4283:
2441:
Bulletin of the Philosophical Society of Washington, Vol 16, p. 83
2373:
CBS's Don Hollenbeck: An Honest Reporter in the Age of McCarthyism
1270:
1080:
1018:
944:
844:
798:
660:
634:
571:
468:
377:
218:
778:
in 1946. Condon was also either a member or associated with the
5248:
2838:
1284:
1134:
767:
4004:
3255:
806:
claimed Condon took part in a "Soviet network" in a 1946 letter
672:, on which Condon briefly served in the early 1940s during WWII
2652:"An Analysis of the Condon Report on the Colorado UFO Project"
1240:(February 15, 1935 — January 2, 2012) was a physicist (Ph.D.,
443:
Condon became widely known in 1968 as principal author of the
376:, and a participant during World War II in the development of
637:
development. He also worked on the equipment used to isolate
5451:
Presidents of the American Association of Physics Teachers
2439:
Condon, Edward. (1960). "Sixty Years of Quantum Physics."
537:. Under the latter, Condon rewrote his Ph.D. thesis using
503:
in 1918, he worked as a journalist for three years at the
5426:
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
829:
AKA the "Loyalty Order." In the same month, Congressman
758:
U.S. Commerce Secretary (and former U.S. Vice President)
555:
in fall 1927, in particular promoting their discovery of
3166:
Edward U. Condon Papers @ American Philosophical Society
3084:
The Demon-Haunted World: Science as a Candle in the Dark
3140:
Geons, Black Holes, and Quantum Foam: A Life in Physics
2711:
Topics in Modern Physics: A Tribute to Edward U. Condon
1667:
On the theory of intensity distribution in band systems
1050:. On December 27, 1951, Condon was elected to head the
368:(March 2, 1902 – March 26, 1974) was an American
298:
On the theory of intensity distribution in band systems
2198:
2196:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2186:
1220:. As a result, for the first time in human history, a
1088:
recounted a Loyalty Review Board encounter with Condon
5283:
World Committee for a World Constitutional Convention
1259:
Condon was a Quaker, and a self-described "liberal."
1993:"Edward Condon and the Cold War Politics of Loyalty"
852:(1939) attacked Condon's reputation in 1947 and 1948
727:
in protest. Subsequently, Groves requested that the
5296:
5275:
5060:
5042:
5016:
4998:
4940:
4917:
4896:
4875:
4844:
4820:
4789:
4780:
4737:
4470:
4447:
4438:
4385:
4348:
4299:
4274:
4177:
4168:
4090:
3849:
3694:
3533:
3390:
3289:
982:contribute to the innovative media-review program,
969:
American Association for the Advancement of Science
457:(UFOs) have prosaic explanations. The lunar crater
409:
American Association for the Advancement of Science
330:
320:
308:
290:
249:
241:
190:
167:
150:
126:
121:
105:
93:
83:
64:
41:
3137:
3066:
2992:The UFO Book: Encyclopedia of the Extraterrestrial
2989:
2370:
1664:
1586:
495:Edward Uhler Condon was born on March 2, 1902, in
5391:UC Berkeley College of Letters and Science alumni
2709:Brittin, Wesley E.; Odabasi, Halis, eds. (1971).
5456:World Constitutional Convention call signatories
3210:National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir
1577:"Edward Condon, Leader In A-Bomb Creation, Dies"
967:In September 1948, at the Annual Meeting of the
1986:
1984:
1901:. Atomic Heritage Foundation. pp. 137–138.
1004:
928:
915:
873:
825:On March 21, 1947, Truman signed United States
694:
1299:National Institute of Standards and Technology
529:fellowship, Condon studied at Göttingen under
5446:Members of the American Philosophical Society
5401:Washington University in St. Louis physicists
4016:
3267:
3170:Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Resources:
1133:from 1963, where he was also a fellow of the
1078:resisted these forces for seven long years".
617:He was associate director of research at the
8:
2805:"Creator of Belle computer chess dies at 76"
2361:
2359:
1180:Society for Social Responsibility in Science
598:from 1928 to 1937, except for a year at the
5441:Presidents of the American Physical Society
3283:Presidents of the American Physical Society
2835:"Physics Lab: 2005-2007: Awards and Honors"
1935:
1933:
1135:Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics
1046:In 1951, Condon served as president of the
747:, enacted in August 1946, that created the
692:. In his resignation letter, he explained:
633:. He then headed the company's research on
4786:
4444:
4174:
4023:
4009:
4001:
3274:
3260:
3252:
3214:
3203:Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists Feb 1955
2490:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2451:
2449:
2243:"Washington Calling: Smear Against Condon"
2163:
2161:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2120:
1910:
1908:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1647:
1645:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1031:) nominated Condon as NBS director in 1945
986:over the radio network's flagship station
594:and was associate professor of physics at
507:and other papers.He was of Irish descent.
49:
38:
4062:World Constitution Coordinating Committee
2799:
2797:
2550:"Nixon Remarks Cited on Condon Case Role"
2016:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1523:
5421:Fellows of the American Physical Society
4049:Constitution for the Federation of Earth
3172:Annotated Bibliography for Edward Condon
2332:"Condon Hits 'Leaks' in House Inquiries"
1226:Constitution for the Federation of Earth
1176:American Association of Physics Teachers
3018:. New York: Cambridge University Press.
1967:American Academy of Arts & Sciences
1812:Condon, E. U.; Shortley, G. H. (1935).
1432:
1386:
551:, Condon worked in public relations at
483:are shown favoring transitions between
5406:University of Colorado Boulder faculty
2905:from the original on February 20, 2020
2815:from the original on December 17, 2014
2457:"Dr. Condon Chosen to Head Scientists"
2409:"Dr. Condon Resigns for Larger Salary"
2043:. American Philosophical Society. 1998
1862:from the original on December 25, 2018
835:House Un-American Activities Committee
420:House Un-American Activities Committee
27:American nuclear physicist (1902–1974)
2690:from the original on February 1, 2014
2421:from the original on November 6, 2012
1758:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1748:
913:vice presidential candidate, stated:
837:(HUAC), furnished information to the
753:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
7:
1575:M'Ehle, Victor K. (March 27, 1974).
55:Edward Condon at NIST (c. 1945-1951)
2869:Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature
2757:. American Foundation for the Blind
2731:. American Foundation for the Blind
2680:"Frederic Ives Medal / Quinn Prize"
2518:"Nixon Warns Foes of Reds in Party"
2469:from the original on March 16, 2017
1539:Wang, "Security," 238, 249, 256fn47
1308:on the Moon is named in his honor.
1125:Condon was professor of physics at
1048:Philosophical Society of Washington
449:, an official review funded by the
407:, and in 1953 was president of the
5386:People from Alamogordo, New Mexico
2879:from the original on July 13, 2012
2562:from the original on July 22, 2018
2530:from the original on July 22, 2018
2344:from the original on July 22, 2018
2146:from the original on July 22, 2018
1991:Wang, Jessica (December 1, 2001).
1832:from the original on June 27, 2014
1673:University of California, Berkeley
1476:from the original on March 3, 2016
1129:from 1956 to 1963 and then at the
1127:Washington University in St. Louis
512:University of California, Berkeley
277:Washington University in St. Louis
172:University of California, Berkeley
25:
2657:Journal of Scientific Exploration
2134:"Condon Abandons Clearance Fight"
2102:Harry S. Truman, Executive Orders
1687:from the original on May 14, 2019
1621:Federal Bureau of Investigation.
1178:in 1964. He was President of the
1170:Condon was also president of the
1155:Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
1058:Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
880:On March 5, 1948, Representative
5340:
5339:
4718:
4706:
4694:
4682:
4670:
4658:
4646:
4634:
4622:
4610:
4598:
4586:
4574:
4562:
4550:
4538:
4526:
4514:
4502:
4490:
4478:
4455:
4419:
4407:
4395:
4370:
4358:
4333:
4321:
4309:
4282:
4259:
4247:
4235:
4223:
4211:
4199:
4187:
4152:
4139:
4126:
4113:
4100:
3069:Secrecy: The American Experience
3028:"Edward Uhler Condon: 1902–1974"
2873:International Astronomical Union
1329:, Condon was portrayed by actor
1224:convened to draft and adopt the
934:On the same day, Representative
922:On the same day, Representative
782:(ICCASP). He was elected to the
4032:World Constitutional Convention
3193:Key Participants: Edward Condon
1897:Kelly, Cynthia C., ed. (2007).
1453:US National Academy of Sciences
1451:was elected as a member of the
30:For the Irish nationalist, see
3087:. New York: Ballantine Books.
1818:. Cambridge University Press.
1244:) and engineer, who worked at
1131:University of Colorado Boulder
813:On May 29, 1946, FBI Director
784:American Philosophical Society
586:taught Condon during the 1920s
282:University of Colorado Boulder
1:
5029:(Righteous Among the Nations)
2935:. Cambridge University Press.
1951:Wang, "Security," 244, 244n15
1771:Washington University Library
1767:"Edward U. Condon, 1902–1974"
1663:Condon, Edward Uhler (1927).
1172:American Institute of Physics
619:Westinghouse Electric Company
267:Westinghouse Electric Company
5396:Princeton University faculty
5288:Provisional World Parliament
3234:National Bureau of Standards
1815:The Theory of Atomic Spectra
1395:The Theory of Atomic Spectra
764:National Bureau of Standards
713:National Academy of Sciences
711:. Condon was elected to the
401:National Bureau of Standards
272:National Bureau of Standards
67:National Bureau of Standards
5461:Fellows of Optica (society)
5376:American nuclear physicists
5172:MaurĂcio Campos de Medeiros
4485:Ahmed Ebrahim Haroon Jaffer
4206:Francisco Orlich Bolmarcich
3541:Charles Christian Lauritsen
2899:"Halis Odabaşı's biography"
2272:. March 6, 1948. p. 8.
1150:unidentified flying objects
717:Russian Academy of Sciences
676:In 1943, Condon joined the
553:Bell Telephone Laboratories
455:unidentified flying objects
399:He was the director of the
331:Other notable students
5477:
4641:Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi
3410:William Francis Gray Swann
2617:
2602:
2107:December 31, 2017, at the
1856:platinumpiotr.blogspot.com
1736:
1709:
1651:
1637:
1609:
1250:digital telephone switches
1222:World Constituent Assembly
1137:, until retiring in 1970.
29:
5322:
4545:Ezequiel Padilla Peñaloza
4042:
3977:Sylvester James Gates Jr.
3321:Edward Leamington Nichols
3240:
3230:
3222:
3217:
3191:Oregon State University:
3144:. New York: W.W. Norton.
3035:Reviews of Modern Physics
2632:
2591:
2580:
2505:
2494:
2315:
2304:
2294:Wang, "Security," 249–250
2293:
2282:
2227:Wang, "Security," 248–249
2226:
2179:Wang, "Security," 252–255
2178:
2167:
2041:"Edward U. Condon Papers"
1950:
1940:Wang, "Security," 243–234
1939:
1926:Wang, "Security," 262-263
1925:
1914:
1886:Bird and Sherwin, 223–224
1885:
1800:
1725:
1538:
1447:November 5, 2013, at the
776:American Physical Society
590:Condon taught briefly at
527:National Research Council
405:American Physical Society
359:
355:
351:
234:
117:
72:
60:
48:
5381:Manhattan Project people
5259:(teacher & pacifist)
5135:(scholar & pacifist)
4701:Pascoal Ranieri Mazzilli
3714:Norman Foster Ramsey Jr.
3547:John Hasbrouck Van Vleck
3375:Thomas Corwin Mendenhall
3073:. Yale University Press.
3063:Moynihan, Daniel Patrick
2114:, U.S. National Archives
2086:
990:. Hollenbeck discussed
749:Atomic Energy Commission
682:General Leslie R. Groves
612:Theory of Atomic Spectra
545:. After seeing an ad in
396:are co-named after him.
4928:(Chemistry & Peace)
3732:Arthur Leonard Schawlow
3488:Arthur Jeffrey Dempster
3476:Percy Williams Bridgman
3351:Robert Andrews Millikan
3134:Wheeler, John Archibald
3055:10.1103/RevModPhys.47.1
2664:(1): 75. Archived from
2506:Wang, "Security," 264-5
1242:Northwestern University
1232:Personal life and death
861:(Dem-NM) read into the
839:Washington Times-Herald
820:Daniel Patrick Moynihan
600:University of Minnesota
543:Franck–Condon principle
477:Franck–Condon principle
451:United States Air Force
390:Franck–Condon principle
199:Franck–Condon principle
32:Edward O'Meagher Condon
5416:Victims of McCarthyism
5167:(writer & scholar)
5076:David Alfaro Siqueiros
5026:André and Magda Trocmé
5008:Martin Luther King Jr.
5000:Human rights activists
4960:Edris Rice-Wray Carson
4845:Physiology or Medicine
4713:Patrick Wolrige-Gordon
4509:B. Satya Narayan Reddy
4289:Jaramogi Oginga Odinga
3631:John Archibald Wheeler
3518:Francis Wheeler Loomis
3452:John Torrence Tate Sr.
3339:Benjamin Osgood Peirce
3297:Henry Augustus Rowland
1294:
1089:
1032:
1009:
953:
952:(1947) defended Condon
932:
920:
878:
853:
807:
705:
673:
587:
497:Alamogordo, New Mexico
492:
424:classified information
380:and, very briefly, of
4862:Hermann Joseph Muller
4857:Dickinson W. Richards
4665:Komla Agbeli Gbedemah
4242:LĂ©opold SĂ©dar Senghor
3834:Jerome Isaac Friedman
3512:J. Robert Oppenheimer
3333:William Francis Magie
3309:Arthur Gordon Webster
2592:Wang, "Security," 266
2581:Bird and Sherwin, 460
2558:. December 17, 1954.
2495:Wang, "Security," 265
2465:. December 28, 1951.
2316:Wang, "Security," 255
2305:Wang, "Security," 251
2283:Wang, "Security," 249
2168:Wang, "Security," 246
2142:. December 14, 1954.
1963:"Edward Uhler Condon"
1915:Wang, "Security," 243
1801:Wang, "Security," 241
1726:Wang, "Security," 242
1500:"Edward Uhler Condon"
1360:Ronald Wilfred Gurney
1274:
1192:University of Arizona
1084:
1022:
948:
848:
802:
690:University of Chicago
686:J. Robert Oppenheimer
668:(circa 1944) led the
666:J. Robert Oppenheimer
664:
584:theoretical physicist
575:
510:He then attended the
472:
195:Condon–Shortley phase
5068:Arthur Ernest Bishop
4852:Albert Szent-Györgyi
4218:José Figueres Ferrer
3798:Donald N. Langenberg
3786:Nicolaas Bloembergen
3655:Edward Mills Purcell
3565:Raymond Thayer Birge
3363:Joseph Sweetman Ames
2755:Helen Keller Archive
2729:Helen Keller Archive
2526:. October 23, 1954.
2205:Congressional Record
2112:The Federal Register
2067:search.amphilsoc.org
2063:"APS Member History"
1466:"APS Fellow Archive"
1252:and co-invented the
903:Chester E. Holifield
864:Congressional Record
827:Executive Order 9835
596:Princeton University
557:electron diffraction
533:and at Munich under
516:Raymond Thayer Birge
453:that concluded that
430:. His case became a
315:Raymond Thayer Birge
262:Princeton University
144:New Mexico Territory
5239:(cultural theorist)
4888:Salvatore Quasimodo
4752:Dana McLean Greeley
4462:Cornelis Berkhouwer
4266:Otilio Ulate Blanco
4170:Head of governments
3971:Philip H. Bucksbaum
3863:William F. Brinkman
3750:Mildred Dresselhaus
3673:Joseph Edward Mayer
3649:Luis Walter Alvarez
3613:John Harry Williams
3440:Harrison M. Randall
3398:Karl Taylor Compton
3303:Albert A. Michelson
3218:Government offices
3047:1975RvMP...47....1M
2970:2005PhT....58k..51B
2845:on February 2, 2014
2417:. August 11, 1951.
2330:(August 21, 1949).
2009:2001PhT....54l..35W
1764:Branscomb, Lewis M.
1624:Edward Uhler Condon
1591:on November 6, 2012
1516:1974PhT....27f..68B
1496:Branscomb, Lewis M.
1238:Joseph Henry Condon
1196:Frederic Ives Medal
1184:Handbook of Physics
1159:Philip McCord Morse
1037:Corning Glass Works
1007:of real Communists.
984:CBS Views the Press
956:Defenders included
766:(NBS, now known as
745:McMahon-Douglas Act
627:solid-state physics
592:Columbia University
501:Oakland, California
394:Slater–Condon rules
366:Edward Uhler Condon
340:James Stark Koehler
257:Columbia University
203:Slater–Condon rules
5304:World constitution
5132:Hugh J. Schonfield
5092:Edward J. Sparling
4617:Irène de Lipkowski
4605:Inder Kumar Gujral
4254:Muhammad Ayub Khan
3935:Malcolm R. Beasley
3899:Arthur Bienenstock
3774:James A. Krumhansl
3720:Lewis M. Branscomb
3607:William V. Houston
3577:Henry DeWolf Smyth
3506:Lee Alvin DuBridge
3446:Lyman James Briggs
3434:Floyd K. Richtmyer
3226:Lyman James Briggs
2954:Sherwin, Martin J.
2648:Sturrock, Peter A.
2555:The New York Times
2523:The New York Times
2462:The New York Times
2414:The New York Times
2337:The New York Times
2139:The New York Times
1969:. February 9, 2023
1777:on January 5, 2013
1582:The New York Times
1417:The New York Times
1393:Some sources date
1365:Quantum tunnelling
1295:
1218:world constitution
1194:. He received the
1090:
1033:
954:
854:
808:
735:, which they did.
674:
657:Government service
588:
493:
461:is named for him.
100:Lyman James Briggs
5353:
5352:
5268:
5260:
5252:
5240:
5232:
5224:
5216:
5208:
5200:
5192:
5184:
5176:
5168:
5160:
5152:
5144:
5136:
5128:
5120:
5112:
5104:
5096:
5088:
5080:
5072:
5030:
4980:Priyadaranjan Ray
4936:
4935:
4929:
4867:Macfarlane Burnet
4832:
4739:Religious leaders
4733:
4732:
4725:William Beveridge
4533:Diwan Chaman Lall
4434:
4433:
3998:
3997:
3929:Michael S. Turner
3768:Val Logsdon Fitch
3738:Maurice Goldhaber
3702:William A. Fowler
3637:Charles H. Townes
3524:Isidor Isaac Rabi
3357:Henry A. Bumstead
3250:
3249:
3241:Succeeded by
2978:10.1063/1.2155759
2811:. March 2, 2012.
2713:. London: Hilger.
2668:on July 17, 2012.
2268:"Loyalty Files".
2241:(March 3, 1948).
2018:10.1063/1.1445546
1525:10.1063/1.3128661
1327:Christopher Nolan
1319:In the 2023 film
1146:Project Blue Book
1067:Charles S. Thomas
926:(Dem-NY) stated:
911:Progressive Party
850:J. Parnell Thomas
831:J. Parnell Thomas
678:Manhattan Project
670:Manhattan Project
631:mass spectrometry
608:Quantum Mechanics
577:Arnold Sommerfeld
539:quantum mechanics
535:Arnold Sommerfeld
386:Manhattan Project
374:quantum mechanics
370:nuclear physicist
363:
362:
321:Doctoral students
236:Scientific career
211:Quantum tunneling
161:Boulder, Colorado
16:(Redirected from
5468:
5343:
5342:
5314:World federalism
5309:World government
5266:
5258:
5246:
5238:
5230:
5222:
5214:
5212:Shigeri Yamataka
5206:
5198:
5196:Rameshwari Nehru
5190:
5182:
5174:
5166:
5158:
5150:
5142:
5134:
5126:
5119:(science editor)
5118:
5110:
5108:Gregorio Bermann
5102:
5094:
5086:
5084:E. M. L. Odjidja
5079:(Social realist)
5078:
5070:
5028:
4950:Charles C. Price
4927:
4883:Bertrand Russell
4830:
4828:Frederick Sanger
4787:
4767:Martin Niemöller
4723:
4722:
4711:
4710:
4699:
4698:
4687:
4686:
4675:
4674:
4663:
4662:
4651:
4650:
4639:
4638:
4627:
4626:
4615:
4614:
4603:
4602:
4591:
4590:
4579:
4578:
4567:
4566:
4555:
4554:
4543:
4542:
4531:
4530:
4521:Chiyo Sakakibara
4519:
4518:
4507:
4506:
4495:
4494:
4483:
4482:
4460:
4459:
4458:
4445:
4424:
4423:
4412:
4411:
4400:
4399:
4375:
4374:
4363:
4362:
4338:
4337:
4326:
4325:
4314:
4313:
4287:
4286:
4264:
4263:
4252:
4251:
4240:
4239:
4228:
4227:
4216:
4215:
4204:
4203:
4192:
4191:
4175:
4158:
4156:
4155:
4145:
4143:
4142:
4132:
4130:
4129:
4119:
4117:
4116:
4106:
4104:
4103:
4052:
4025:
4018:
4011:
4002:
3905:Cherry A. Murray
3822:D. Allan Bromley
3792:Ernest M. Henley
3780:Eugen Merzbacher
3756:Robert R. Wilson
3595:Victor Weisskopf
3589:George Uhlenbeck
3464:George B. Pegram
3276:
3269:
3262:
3253:
3232:Director of the
3223:Preceded by
3215:
3155:
3143:
3129:
3098:
3074:
3072:
3058:
3032:
3024:Morse, Philip M.
3019:
3007:
2995:
2981:
2937:
2936:
2933:Atomic Structure
2921:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2910:
2895:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2884:
2861:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2841:. Archived from
2831:
2825:
2824:
2822:
2820:
2801:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2773:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2762:
2747:
2741:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2721:
2715:
2714:
2706:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2676:
2670:
2669:
2644:
2638:
2630:
2624:
2615:
2609:
2600:
2594:
2589:
2583:
2578:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2546:
2540:
2539:
2537:
2535:
2514:
2508:
2503:
2497:
2492:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2453:
2444:
2437:
2431:
2430:
2428:
2426:
2405:
2399:
2398:
2393:
2391:
2376:
2367:Ghiglione, Loren
2363:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2349:
2328:Knowles, Clayton
2324:
2318:
2313:
2307:
2302:
2296:
2291:
2285:
2280:
2274:
2273:
2265:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2235:
2229:
2224:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2200:
2181:
2176:
2170:
2165:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2151:
2130:
2115:
2099:
2093:
2084:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2059:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2037:
2031:
2030:
2020:
1988:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1959:
1953:
1948:
1942:
1937:
1928:
1923:
1917:
1912:
1903:
1902:
1894:
1888:
1883:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1852:"1940: Nimatron"
1848:
1842:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1809:
1803:
1798:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1773:. Archived from
1760:
1743:
1734:
1728:
1723:
1712:
1707:
1701:
1700:
1694:
1692:
1671:(Ph.D. thesis).
1670:
1660:
1654:
1649:
1640:
1635:
1629:
1628:
1618:
1612:
1607:
1601:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1590:
1585:. Archived from
1572:
1541:
1536:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1492:
1486:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1462:
1456:
1437:
1421:
1413:
1407:
1404:
1398:
1391:
1343:Atomic Structure
1256:chess computer.
1142:Condon Committee
992:Edward U. Condon
976:Edward R. Murrow
882:George MacKinnon
871:, which stated:
760:Henry A. Wallace
731:revoke Condon's
729:State Department
703:
505:Oakland Inquirer
310:Doctoral advisor
304:
157:
136:
134:
122:Personal details
108:
96:
77:
53:
39:
21:
18:Edward U. Condon
5476:
5475:
5471:
5470:
5469:
5467:
5466:
5465:
5356:
5355:
5354:
5349:
5318:
5292:
5271:
5264:Toyohiko Kagawa
5228:Stanley Slotkin
5199:(social worker)
5056:
5038:
5012:
4994:
4990:Wilder Penfield
4975:Pitirim Sorokin
4932:
4913:
4892:
4871:
4840:
4816:
4782:Nobel laureates
4776:
4729:
4717:
4705:
4693:
4681:
4669:
4657:
4653:KenzĹŤ Matsumura
4645:
4633:
4621:
4609:
4597:
4585:
4573:
4569:Hisato Ichimada
4561:
4549:
4537:
4525:
4513:
4501:
4489:
4477:
4466:
4456:
4454:
4430:
4418:
4406:
4394:
4381:
4369:
4357:
4344:
4332:
4320:
4308:
4301:Prime Ministers
4295:
4281:
4275:Vice-presidents
4270:
4258:
4246:
4234:
4222:
4210:
4198:
4186:
4164:
4153:
4151:
4140:
4138:
4127:
4125:
4114:
4112:
4101:
4099:
4086:
4046:
4038:
4029:
3999:
3994:
3983:Frances Hellman
3881:Marvin L. Cohen
3869:Myriam Sarachik
3857:George Trilling
3845:
3840:James S. Langer
3816:J.R. Schrieffer
3726:Herman Feshbach
3690:
3685:Chien-Shiung Wu
3667:Philip M. Morse
3601:Frederick Seitz
3529:
3494:Harvey Fletcher
3386:
3285:
3280:
3246:
3237:
3228:
3162:
3152:
3132:
3101:
3095:
3077:
3061:
3030:
3022:
3012:Dick, Steven J.
3010:
3004:
2996:. Visible Ink.
2984:
2948:
2945:
2940:
2923:
2922:
2918:
2908:
2906:
2897:
2896:
2892:
2882:
2880:
2863:
2862:
2858:
2848:
2846:
2833:
2832:
2828:
2818:
2816:
2803:
2802:
2795:
2785:
2783:
2775:
2774:
2770:
2760:
2758:
2749:
2748:
2744:
2734:
2732:
2723:
2722:
2718:
2708:
2707:
2703:
2693:
2691:
2684:Optical Society
2678:
2677:
2673:
2646:
2645:
2641:
2635:Biological, 293
2631:
2627:
2616:
2612:
2601:
2597:
2590:
2586:
2579:
2575:
2565:
2563:
2548:
2547:
2543:
2533:
2531:
2516:
2515:
2511:
2504:
2500:
2493:
2482:
2472:
2470:
2455:
2454:
2447:
2438:
2434:
2424:
2422:
2407:
2406:
2402:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2365:
2364:
2357:
2347:
2345:
2326:
2325:
2321:
2314:
2310:
2303:
2299:
2292:
2288:
2281:
2277:
2270:Washington Post
2267:
2266:
2262:
2252:
2250:
2247:Washington Post
2239:Childs, Marquis
2237:
2236:
2232:
2225:
2221:
2211:
2209:
2202:
2201:
2184:
2177:
2173:
2166:
2159:
2149:
2147:
2132:
2131:
2118:
2109:Wayback Machine
2100:
2096:
2085:
2081:
2071:
2069:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2046:
2044:
2039:
2038:
2034:
1990:
1989:
1982:
1972:
1970:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1949:
1945:
1938:
1931:
1924:
1920:
1913:
1906:
1896:
1895:
1891:
1884:
1875:
1865:
1863:
1850:
1849:
1845:
1835:
1833:
1826:
1811:
1810:
1806:
1799:
1790:
1780:
1778:
1762:
1761:
1746:
1735:
1731:
1724:
1715:
1708:
1704:
1690:
1688:
1662:
1661:
1657:
1650:
1643:
1636:
1632:
1620:
1619:
1615:
1608:
1604:
1594:
1592:
1574:
1573:
1544:
1537:
1533:
1494:
1493:
1489:
1479:
1477:
1464:
1463:
1459:
1449:Wayback Machine
1438:
1434:
1430:
1425:
1424:
1414:
1410:
1405:
1401:
1392:
1388:
1383:
1356:
1339:
1313:Lewis Branscomb
1280:Lunar Orbiter 1
1269:
1234:
1214:
1200:Optical Society
1198:awarded by the
1123:
1025:Harry S. Truman
1017:
958:Albert Einstein
950:Albert Einstein
909:(Dem-ID), then
890:Washington Post
815:J. Edgar Hoover
804:J. Edgar Hoover
797:
792:
772:Harry S. Truman
709:U-235 and U-238
704:
701:
659:
635:microwave radar
623:nuclear physics
604:Philip M. Morse
570:
565:
548:Physical Review
541:, creating the
481:potential wells
467:
416:McCarthy period
384:as part of the
382:nuclear weapons
372:, a pioneer in
343:
338:
335:Walter Kauzmann
302:
286:
226:
223:nuclear weapons
217:
209:
205:
201:
197:
159:
155:
138:
132:
130:
106:
94:
88:Harry S. Truman
78:
73:
56:
44:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5474:
5472:
5464:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5411:NIST Directors
5408:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5358:
5357:
5351:
5350:
5348:
5347:
5337:
5323:
5320:
5319:
5317:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5300:
5298:
5294:
5293:
5291:
5290:
5285:
5279:
5277:
5273:
5272:
5270:
5269:
5261:
5253:
5241:
5233:
5225:
5217:
5209:
5201:
5193:
5185:
5180:Oscar Niemeyer
5177:
5169:
5164:Mark Van Doren
5161:
5153:
5145:
5143:(union leader)
5137:
5129:
5121:
5113:
5105:
5097:
5089:
5081:
5073:
5064:
5062:
5058:
5057:
5055:
5054:
5052:Hugh B. Hester
5048:
5046:
5040:
5039:
5037:
5036:
5034:Brock Chisholm
5031:
5022:
5020:
5014:
5013:
5011:
5010:
5004:
5002:
4996:
4995:
4993:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4965:Harlow Shapley
4962:
4957:
4952:
4946:
4944:
4938:
4937:
4934:
4933:
4931:
4930:
4921:
4919:
4915:
4914:
4912:
4911:
4909:Joseph Rotblat
4906:
4900:
4898:
4894:
4893:
4891:
4890:
4885:
4879:
4877:
4873:
4872:
4870:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4848:
4846:
4842:
4841:
4839:
4838:
4833:
4824:
4822:
4818:
4817:
4815:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4797:Alfred Kastler
4793:
4791:
4784:
4778:
4777:
4775:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4757:George MacLeod
4754:
4749:
4743:
4741:
4735:
4734:
4731:
4730:
4728:
4727:
4715:
4703:
4691:
4679:
4667:
4655:
4643:
4631:
4619:
4607:
4595:
4583:
4571:
4559:
4547:
4535:
4523:
4511:
4499:
4487:
4474:
4472:
4468:
4467:
4465:
4464:
4451:
4449:
4442:
4436:
4435:
4432:
4431:
4429:
4428:
4416:
4404:
4391:
4389:
4383:
4382:
4380:
4379:
4367:
4354:
4352:
4346:
4345:
4343:
4342:
4340:Tetsu Katayama
4330:
4318:
4316:Clement Attlee
4305:
4303:
4297:
4296:
4294:
4293:
4291:
4278:
4276:
4272:
4271:
4269:
4268:
4256:
4244:
4232:
4230:Julius Nyerere
4220:
4208:
4196:
4183:
4181:
4172:
4166:
4165:
4163:
4162:
4149:
4136:
4123:
4110:
4096:
4094:
4088:
4087:
4085:
4084:
4079:
4077:Margaret Isely
4074:
4069:
4064:
4058:
4057:
4054:
4053:
4043:
4040:
4039:
4030:
4028:
4027:
4020:
4013:
4005:
3996:
3995:
3993:
3992:
3986:
3980:
3974:
3968:
3962:
3956:
3950:
3944:
3938:
3932:
3926:
3923:Robert L. Byer
3920:
3914:
3908:
3902:
3896:
3890:
3884:
3878:
3872:
3866:
3860:
3853:
3851:
3847:
3846:
3844:
3843:
3837:
3831:
3828:Andrew Sessler
3825:
3819:
3813:
3810:C. Kumar Patel
3807:
3804:Burton Richter
3801:
3795:
3789:
3783:
3777:
3771:
3765:
3759:
3753:
3747:
3744:Robert Marshak
3741:
3735:
3729:
3723:
3717:
3711:
3705:
3698:
3696:
3692:
3691:
3689:
3688:
3682:
3676:
3670:
3664:
3658:
3652:
3646:
3640:
3634:
3628:
3622:
3616:
3610:
3604:
3598:
3592:
3586:
3580:
3574:
3568:
3562:
3556:
3550:
3544:
3537:
3535:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3527:
3521:
3515:
3509:
3503:
3497:
3491:
3485:
3482:Albert W. Hull
3479:
3473:
3470:George Stewart
3467:
3461:
3455:
3449:
3443:
3437:
3431:
3428:Robert W. Wood
3425:
3422:Arthur Compton
3419:
3413:
3407:
3401:
3394:
3392:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3384:
3378:
3372:
3369:Theodore Lyman
3366:
3360:
3354:
3348:
3345:Ernest Merritt
3342:
3336:
3330:
3324:
3318:
3312:
3306:
3300:
3293:
3291:
3287:
3286:
3281:
3279:
3278:
3271:
3264:
3256:
3248:
3247:
3244:Allen V. Astin
3242:
3239:
3229:
3224:
3220:
3219:
3213:
3212:
3207:
3199:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3168:
3161:
3160:External links
3158:
3157:
3156:
3151:978-0393046427
3150:
3130:
3118:10.1086/356112
3112:(2): 238–269.
3099:
3094:978-0345409461
3093:
3075:
3059:
3020:
3008:
3003:978-1578590292
3002:
2982:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2938:
2929:Odabaşı, Halis
2916:
2890:
2856:
2826:
2793:
2768:
2742:
2716:
2701:
2671:
2639:
2625:
2610:
2595:
2584:
2573:
2541:
2509:
2498:
2480:
2445:
2432:
2400:
2396:Hiss Chambers.
2384:978-0231516891
2383:
2355:
2319:
2308:
2297:
2286:
2275:
2260:
2249:. p. 2018
2230:
2219:
2182:
2171:
2157:
2116:
2094:
2079:
2054:
2032:
1980:
1954:
1943:
1929:
1918:
1904:
1889:
1873:
1843:
1825:978-0521092098
1824:
1804:
1788:
1744:
1729:
1713:
1702:
1655:
1641:
1630:
1613:
1602:
1542:
1531:
1487:
1457:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1408:
1399:
1385:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1377:
1375:Anti-communism
1372:
1367:
1362:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1350:
1338:
1335:
1325:, directed by
1268:
1265:
1233:
1230:
1213:
1210:
1122:
1119:
1041:Charles Sawyer
1016:
1013:
980:Don Hollenbeck
978:had colleague
924:Emanuel Celler
907:Glen H. Taylor
869:Marquis Childs
867:an article by
833:, head of the
796:
793:
791:
788:
770:). President
719:to be held in
699:
658:
655:
569:
566:
564:
561:
466:
463:
361:
360:
357:
356:
353:
352:
349:
348:
332:
328:
327:
325:Edwin McMillan
322:
318:
317:
312:
306:
305:
294:
288:
287:
285:
284:
279:
274:
269:
264:
259:
253:
251:
247:
246:
243:
239:
238:
232:
231:
192:
191:Known for
188:
187:
169:
165:
164:
158:(aged 72)
154:March 26, 1974
152:
148:
147:
128:
124:
123:
119:
118:
115:
114:
112:Allen V. Astin
109:
103:
102:
97:
91:
90:
85:
81:
80:
70:
69:
62:
61:
58:
57:
54:
46:
45:
42:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5473:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5363:
5361:
5346:
5338:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5328:
5325:
5324:
5321:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5301:
5299:
5295:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5280:
5278:
5274:
5265:
5262:
5257:
5254:
5250:
5245:
5244:Tamaki Uemura
5242:
5237:
5234:
5231:(businessman)
5229:
5226:
5223:(theosophist)
5221:
5218:
5213:
5210:
5205:
5204:Satish Gujral
5202:
5197:
5194:
5189:
5186:
5181:
5178:
5173:
5170:
5165:
5162:
5157:
5154:
5149:
5146:
5141:
5138:
5133:
5130:
5125:
5124:Henri Laugier
5122:
5117:
5114:
5109:
5106:
5101:
5098:
5093:
5090:
5085:
5082:
5077:
5074:
5069:
5066:
5065:
5063:
5061:Varied Fields
5059:
5053:
5050:
5049:
5047:
5045:
5041:
5035:
5032:
5027:
5024:
5023:
5021:
5019:
5018:Humanitarians
5015:
5009:
5006:
5005:
5003:
5001:
4997:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4955:Edward Condon
4953:
4951:
4948:
4947:
4945:
4943:
4939:
4926:
4925:Linus Pauling
4923:
4922:
4920:
4916:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4904:John Boyd Orr
4902:
4901:
4899:
4895:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4880:
4878:
4874:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4849:
4847:
4843:
4837:
4834:
4829:
4826:
4825:
4823:
4819:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4807:Hideki Yukawa
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4794:
4792:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4779:
4773:
4772:Michael Scott
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4744:
4742:
4740:
4736:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4594:
4593:IchirĹŤ Kiyose
4589:
4584:
4582:
4581:Henry Usborne
4577:
4572:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4534:
4529:
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4522:
4517:
4512:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4498:
4493:
4488:
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4481:
4476:
4475:
4473:
4469:
4463:
4453:
4452:
4450:
4448:International
4446:
4443:
4441:
4437:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4415:
4414:Setsuo Yamada
4410:
4405:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4392:
4390:
4388:
4384:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4366:
4365:Culbert Olson
4361:
4356:
4355:
4353:
4351:
4347:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4329:
4328:Milton Margai
4324:
4319:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4306:
4304:
4302:
4298:
4292:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4279:
4277:
4273:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4184:
4182:
4180:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4167:
4161:
4150:
4148:
4137:
4135:
4124:
4122:
4111:
4109:
4098:
4097:
4095:
4093:
4089:
4083:
4082:Georgia Lloyd
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4059:
4056:
4055:
4051:
4050:
4045:
4044:
4041:
4036:
4033:
4026:
4021:
4019:
4014:
4012:
4007:
4006:
4003:
3990:
3989:Robert Rosner
3987:
3984:
3981:
3978:
3975:
3972:
3969:
3966:
3963:
3960:
3959:Roger Falcone
3957:
3954:
3951:
3948:
3945:
3942:
3939:
3936:
3933:
3930:
3927:
3924:
3921:
3918:
3915:
3912:
3911:Curtis Callan
3909:
3906:
3903:
3900:
3897:
3894:
3891:
3888:
3887:John Hopfield
3885:
3882:
3879:
3876:
3873:
3870:
3867:
3864:
3861:
3858:
3855:
3854:
3852:
3848:
3841:
3838:
3835:
3832:
3829:
3826:
3823:
3820:
3817:
3814:
3811:
3808:
3805:
3802:
3799:
3796:
3793:
3790:
3787:
3784:
3781:
3778:
3775:
3772:
3769:
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3763:
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3718:
3715:
3712:
3709:
3706:
3703:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3693:
3686:
3683:
3680:
3679:Pief Panofsky
3677:
3674:
3671:
3668:
3665:
3662:
3661:Robert Serber
3659:
3656:
3653:
3650:
3647:
3644:
3641:
3638:
3635:
3632:
3629:
3626:
3623:
3620:
3619:Robert Bacher
3617:
3614:
3611:
3608:
3605:
3602:
3599:
3596:
3593:
3590:
3587:
3584:
3581:
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3560:
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3542:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3532:
3525:
3522:
3519:
3516:
3513:
3510:
3507:
3504:
3501:
3500:Edward Condon
3498:
3495:
3492:
3489:
3486:
3483:
3480:
3477:
3474:
3471:
3468:
3465:
3462:
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3450:
3447:
3444:
3441:
3438:
3435:
3432:
3429:
3426:
3423:
3420:
3417:
3416:Paul D. Foote
3414:
3411:
3408:
3405:
3402:
3399:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3389:
3382:
3381:Dayton Miller
3379:
3376:
3373:
3370:
3367:
3364:
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3358:
3355:
3352:
3349:
3346:
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3340:
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3328:
3325:
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3310:
3307:
3304:
3301:
3298:
3295:
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3288:
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3277:
3272:
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3265:
3263:
3258:
3257:
3254:
3245:
3236:
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3227:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3208:
3205:
3204:
3200:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3163:
3159:
3153:
3147:
3142:
3141:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3106:
3100:
3096:
3090:
3086:
3085:
3080:
3076:
3071:
3070:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3005:
2999:
2994:
2993:
2987:
2986:Clark, Jerome
2983:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2964:(11): 51–52.
2963:
2959:
2958:Physics Today
2955:
2951:
2947:
2946:
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2930:
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2756:
2752:
2746:
2743:
2730:
2726:
2720:
2717:
2712:
2705:
2702:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2675:
2672:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2658:
2653:
2649:
2643:
2640:
2637:
2636:
2629:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2614:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2605:Demon-Haunted
2599:
2596:
2593:
2588:
2585:
2582:
2577:
2574:
2561:
2557:
2556:
2551:
2545:
2542:
2529:
2525:
2524:
2519:
2513:
2510:
2507:
2502:
2499:
2496:
2491:
2489:
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2468:
2464:
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2450:
2446:
2442:
2436:
2433:
2420:
2416:
2415:
2410:
2404:
2401:
2397:
2390:September 10,
2386:
2380:
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2368:
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2338:
2333:
2329:
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2301:
2298:
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2290:
2287:
2284:
2279:
2276:
2271:
2264:
2261:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2234:
2231:
2228:
2223:
2220:
2207:
2206:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2183:
2180:
2175:
2172:
2169:
2164:
2162:
2158:
2145:
2141:
2140:
2135:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2110:
2106:
2103:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2083:
2080:
2068:
2064:
2058:
2055:
2042:
2036:
2033:
2028:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2003:(12): 35–41.
2002:
1998:
1997:Physics Today
1994:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1968:
1964:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1947:
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1941:
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1919:
1916:
1911:
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1900:
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1887:
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1874:
1861:
1857:
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1831:
1827:
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1808:
1805:
1802:
1797:
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1634:
1631:
1626:
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1614:
1611:
1606:
1603:
1589:
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1565:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1553:
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1549:
1547:
1543:
1540:
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1532:
1526:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1504:Physics Today
1501:
1498:(June 1974).
1497:
1491:
1488:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1461:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1441:Edward Condon
1436:
1433:
1427:
1419:
1418:
1412:
1409:
1403:
1400:
1396:
1390:
1387:
1380:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1353:
1348:
1347:Halis Odabaşı
1344:
1341:
1340:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1331:Olli Haaskivi
1328:
1324:
1323:
1317:
1314:
1309:
1307:
1302:
1300:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1266:
1264:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1231:
1229:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1212:Global policy
1211:
1209:
1207:
1206:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1168:
1165:
1160:
1156:
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1147:
1143:
1138:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1095:
1092:Years later,
1087:
1083:
1079:
1076:
1071:
1068:
1062:
1060:
1059:
1053:
1049:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1030:
1026:
1021:
1014:
1012:
1008:
1003:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
972:
970:
965:
963:
959:
951:
947:
943:
941:
937:
931:
927:
925:
919:
914:
912:
908:
904:
900:
895:
891:
887:
883:
877:
872:
870:
866:
865:
860:
859:Dennis Chávez
851:
847:
843:
840:
836:
832:
828:
823:
821:
816:
811:
805:
801:
794:
789:
787:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
756:
754:
750:
746:
742:
741:Brien McMahon
736:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
702:Edward Condon
698:
693:
691:
687:
683:
679:
671:
667:
663:
656:
654:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
615:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
585:
582:
578:
574:
567:
562:
560:
558:
554:
550:
549:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
523:
521:
517:
513:
508:
506:
502:
498:
490:
486:
482:
478:
475:
471:
464:
462:
460:
456:
452:
448:
447:
446:Condon Report
441:
439:
435:
434:
433:cause célèbre
429:
425:
421:
417:
412:
410:
406:
402:
397:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
358:
354:
350:
346:
341:
336:
333:
329:
326:
323:
319:
316:
313:
311:
307:
300:
299:
295:
293:
289:
283:
280:
278:
275:
273:
270:
268:
265:
263:
260:
258:
255:
254:
252:
248:
244:
240:
237:
233:
230:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
170:
166:
162:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:March 2, 1902
129:
125:
120:
116:
113:
110:
104:
101:
98:
92:
89:
86:
82:
76:
71:
68:
63:
59:
52:
47:
43:Edward Condon
40:
37:
33:
19:
5436:UFO skeptics
5220:Sophia Wadia
5156:Lloyd Morain
5100:Erich Kahler
4954:
4802:C. F. Powell
4762:John Collins
4677:Lewis Silkin
4557:Gerhard Jahn
4497:Akira Kazami
4426:Shinzo Hamai
4147:Sierra Leone
4072:Philip Isely
4047:
3953:Laura Greene
3917:Barry Barish
3893:Leo Kadanoff
3762:Sidney Drell
3643:John Bardeen
3553:Enrico Fermi
3499:
3231:
3202:
3196:
3139:
3109:
3103:
3083:
3068:
3038:
3034:
3015:
2991:
2961:
2957:
2932:
2925:Condon, E.U.
2924:
2919:
2907:. Retrieved
2893:
2881:. Retrieved
2868:
2859:
2847:. Retrieved
2843:the original
2829:
2819:November 17,
2817:. Retrieved
2808:
2784:. Retrieved
2780:
2771:
2759:. Retrieved
2754:
2745:
2733:. Retrieved
2728:
2719:
2710:
2704:
2692:. Retrieved
2674:
2666:the original
2661:
2655:
2642:
2634:
2628:
2619:
2613:
2604:
2598:
2587:
2576:
2564:. Retrieved
2553:
2544:
2532:. Retrieved
2521:
2512:
2501:
2471:. Retrieved
2460:
2435:
2423:. Retrieved
2412:
2403:
2395:
2388:. Retrieved
2372:
2346:. Retrieved
2335:
2322:
2311:
2300:
2289:
2278:
2269:
2263:
2251:. Retrieved
2246:
2233:
2222:
2210:. Retrieved
2204:
2174:
2148:. Retrieved
2137:
2111:
2097:
2088:
2082:
2070:. Retrieved
2066:
2057:
2045:. Retrieved
2035:
2000:
1996:
1971:. Retrieved
1966:
1957:
1946:
1921:
1898:
1892:
1864:. Retrieved
1855:
1846:
1834:. Retrieved
1814:
1807:
1779:. Retrieved
1775:the original
1738:
1732:
1705:
1695:– via
1689:. Retrieved
1666:
1658:
1633:
1623:
1616:
1605:
1593:. Retrieved
1588:the original
1580:
1534:
1510:(6): 68–70.
1507:
1503:
1490:
1478:. Retrieved
1469:
1460:
1440:
1435:
1415:
1411:
1402:
1394:
1389:
1342:
1320:
1318:
1310:
1303:
1296:
1283:
1278:crater from
1261:
1258:
1235:
1215:
1203:
1188:Hugh Odishaw
1183:
1169:
1139:
1124:
1091:
1072:
1063:
1056:
1045:
1034:
1010:
1005:
1000:Paul Robeson
983:
973:
966:
955:
933:
929:
921:
916:
898:
893:
889:
879:
874:
862:
855:
838:
824:
812:
809:
757:
737:
706:
695:
675:
643:atomic bombs
616:
611:
607:
589:
568:Early career
546:
525:Thanks to a
524:
520:James Franck
509:
504:
494:
488:
484:
473:
444:
442:
438:Harry Truman
431:
428:Soviet Union
413:
398:
365:
364:
345:Richard Zare
296:
250:Institutions
235:
156:(1974-03-26)
107:Succeeded by
74:
65:Director of
36:
5371:1974 deaths
5366:1902 births
5236:Stuart Hall
5191:(economist)
5188:ĹŚuchi HyĹŤei
5183:(architect)
5116:Gerard Piel
4985:René Dumont
4747:Abbé Pierre
4689:N. G. Ranga
4629:John Foster
4440:Politicians
4377:Hiroo ĹŚhara
4194:Edgar Faure
4037:signatories
3965:David Gross
3941:Sam Aronson
3875:Helen Quinn
3708:George Pake
3625:Felix Bloch
3583:Jesse Beams
3458:John Zeleny
3079:Sagan, Carl
2943:Works cited
2909:February 2,
2883:October 16,
2849:October 16,
2694:October 16,
2566:October 16,
2534:October 16,
2473:October 16,
2425:October 16,
2348:October 16,
2253:October 20,
2212:October 20,
2150:October 16,
2047:October 20,
1781:October 16,
1595:October 16,
1470:www.aps.org
1370:McCarthyism
1322:Oppenheimer
1304:The crater
1205:Festschrift
962:Harold Urey
936:Leo Isacson
725:White House
641:for use in
606:, he wrote
414:During the
229:McCarthyism
215:alpha decay
95:Preceded by
5360:Categories
5267:(pacifist)
5256:Tano JĹŤdai
5251:executive)
5215:(feminist)
5159:(humanist)
5111:(humanist)
5095:(educator)
5071:(inventor)
4970:Jean Orcel
4942:Scientists
4876:Literature
4402:E.C. Quaye
4179:Presidents
4108:Costa Rica
4067:Thane Read
3947:Homer Neal
3404:Henry Gale
3327:Henry Crew
3315:Carl Barus
3238:1945–1951
3041:(1): 1–6.
2087:Moynihan,
1710:Morse, 128
1652:Morse, 127
1638:Morse, 126
1610:Morse, 125
1428:References
1094:Carl Sagan
1086:Carl Sagan
1075:Eisenhower
1029:Korean War
1023:President
996:Alger Hiss
465:Background
227:Target of
213:theory of
140:Alamogordo
133:1902-03-02
5175:(teacher)
5148:Kay Boyle
5140:Kaoru ĹŚta
5127:(scholar)
5103:(scholar)
5087:(teacher)
4836:Otto Hahn
4821:Chemistry
4350:Governors
4092:Countries
3695:1976–2000
3571:E. Wigner
3534:1951–1975
3391:1926–1950
3290:1899–1925
3126:144208511
2950:Bird, Kai
2618:Wheeler,
2607:, 248–249
2027:153838514
1866:April 22,
1836:March 31,
1737:Wheeler,
1480:April 22,
1246:Bell Labs
1111:Boltzmann
1099:Bernoulli
974:In 1949,
786:in 1949.
755:in 1947.
474:Figure 1.
347:(postdoc)
342:(postdoc)
337:(postdoc)
168:Education
84:President
79:1945–1951
75:In office
5345:Category
5326:Source:
5207:(artist)
5151:(writer)
5044:Veterans
4918:Multiple
4812:Max Born
4471:National
4160:Tanzania
4121:Pakistan
3559:H. Bethe
3136:(1998).
3081:(1996).
3065:(1998).
3026:(1976).
3014:(1996).
2988:(1998).
2931:(1980).
2903:Archived
2877:Archived
2865:"Condon"
2813:Archived
2786:July 15,
2688:Archived
2650:(1987).
2560:Archived
2528:Archived
2467:Archived
2419:Archived
2369:(2008).
2342:Archived
2144:Archived
2105:Archived
2072:March 2,
1973:March 2,
1860:Archived
1830:Archived
1697:ProQuest
1685:Archived
1681:21068286
1474:Archived
1455:in 1944.
1445:Archived
1354:See also
1289:L&PI
1174:and the
1121:Academia
1043:denied.
886:Harriman
733:passport
700:—
651:Nimatron
531:Max Born
487:= 0 and
392:and the
225:research
207:Nimatron
5276:Related
4831:(twice)
4790:Physics
4134:Senegal
3043:Bibcode
2966:Bibcode
2761:July 3,
2735:July 1,
2603:Sagan,
2091:, 63–68
2089:Secrecy
2005:Bibcode
1691:May 15,
1512:Bibcode
1190:of the
1164:Zond IV
1115:Maxwell
1103:Fourier
790:Attacks
639:uranium
602:. With
245:Physics
4387:Mayors
4157:
4144:
4131:
4118:
4105:
3991:(2023)
3985:(2022)
3979:(2021)
3973:(2020)
3967:(2019)
3961:(2018)
3955:(2017)
3949:(2016)
3943:(2015)
3937:(2014)
3931:(2013)
3925:(2012)
3919:(2011)
3913:(2010)
3907:(2009)
3901:(2008)
3895:(2007)
3889:(2006)
3883:(2005)
3877:(2004)
3871:(2003)
3865:(2002)
3859:(2001)
3842:(2000)
3836:(1999)
3830:(1998)
3824:(1997)
3818:(1996)
3812:(1995)
3806:(1994)
3800:(1993)
3794:(1992)
3788:(1991)
3782:(1990)
3776:(1989)
3770:(1987)
3764:(1986)
3758:(1985)
3752:(1984)
3746:(1983)
3740:(1982)
3734:(1981)
3728:(1980)
3722:(1979)
3716:(1978)
3710:(1977)
3704:(1976)
3687:(1975)
3681:(1974)
3675:(1973)
3669:(1972)
3663:(1971)
3657:(1970)
3651:(1969)
3645:(1968)
3639:(1967)
3633:(1966)
3627:(1965)
3621:(1964)
3615:(1963)
3609:(1962)
3603:(1961)
3597:(1960)
3591:(1959)
3585:(1958)
3579:(1957)
3573:(1956)
3567:(1955)
3561:(1954)
3555:(1953)
3549:(1952)
3543:(1951)
3526:(1950)
3520:(1949)
3514:(1948)
3508:(1947)
3502:(1946)
3496:(1945)
3490:(1944)
3484:(1943)
3478:(1942)
3472:(1941)
3466:(1941)
3460:(1940)
3454:(1939)
3448:(1938)
3442:(1937)
3436:(1936)
3430:(1935)
3424:(1934)
3418:(1933)
3412:(1931)
3406:(1929)
3400:(1927)
3383:(1925)
3377:(1923)
3371:(1921)
3365:(1919)
3359:(1918)
3353:(1916)
3347:(1914)
3341:(1913)
3335:(1911)
3329:(1909)
3323:(1907)
3317:(1905)
3311:(1903)
3305:(1901)
3299:(1899)
3148:
3124:
3091:
3000:
2809:NJ.com
2633:Dick,
2381:
2025:
1822:
1679:
1349:(1980)
1306:Condon
1276:Condon
1267:Legacy
1113:, and
1107:Ampère
998:, and
721:Moscow
629:, and
581:German
563:Career
459:Condon
388:. The
303:(1927)
301:
292:Thesis
242:Fields
163:, U.S.
146:, U.S.
5297:Other
4897:Peace
3850:2001–
3122:S2CID
3031:(PDF)
2622:, 113
2620:Geons
2023:S2CID
1741:, 112
1739:Geons
1381:Notes
1345:with
1337:Works
1291:image
1254:Belle
1186:with
1015:1950s
795:1940s
378:radar
219:Radar
5249:YWCA
4035:call
3146:ISBN
3105:Isis
3089:ISBN
2998:ISBN
2911:2020
2885:2012
2851:2012
2839:NIST
2821:2014
2788:2023
2763:2023
2737:2023
2696:2012
2568:2012
2536:2012
2475:2012
2427:2012
2392:2015
2379:ISBN
2350:2012
2255:2019
2214:2019
2152:2012
2074:2023
2049:2019
1975:2023
1868:2018
1838:2016
1820:ISBN
1783:2012
1693:2019
1677:OCLC
1597:2012
1482:2018
1297:The
1285:NASA
1052:AAAS
988:WCBS
960:and
899:Post
894:Post
768:NIST
221:and
186:)
151:Died
127:Born
3114:doi
3051:doi
2974:doi
2013:doi
1520:doi
1248:on
940:ALP
647:MIT
491:= 2
184:PhD
5362::
5332:,
5329:,
3195:–
3120:.
3110:83
3108:.
3049:.
3039:47
3037:.
3033:.
2972:.
2962:58
2960:.
2952:;
2927:;
2901:.
2875:.
2871:.
2867:.
2837:.
2807:.
2796:^
2779:.
2753:.
2727:.
2686:.
2682:.
2660:.
2654:.
2552:.
2520:.
2483:^
2459:.
2448:^
2411:.
2394:.
2358:^
2340:.
2334:.
2245:.
2185:^
2160:^
2136:.
2119:^
2065:.
2021:.
2011:.
2001:54
1999:.
1995:.
1983:^
1965:.
1932:^
1907:^
1876:^
1858:.
1854:.
1828:.
1791:^
1769:.
1747:^
1716:^
1683:.
1675:.
1644:^
1579:.
1545:^
1518:.
1508:27
1506:.
1502:.
1472:.
1468:.
1333:.
1228:.
1208:.
1109:,
1105:,
1101:,
994:,
653:.
625:,
579:,
559:.
522:.
440:.
411:.
182:,
180:MS
178:,
176:BS
142:,
5247:(
4024:e
4017:t
4010:v
3275:e
3268:t
3261:v
3154:.
3128:.
3116::
3097:.
3057:.
3053::
3045::
3006:.
2980:.
2976::
2968::
2913:.
2887:.
2853:.
2823:.
2790:.
2765:.
2739:.
2698:.
2662:1
2570:.
2538:.
2477:.
2443:.
2429:.
2352:.
2257:.
2216:.
2154:.
2076:.
2051:.
2029:.
2015::
2007::
1977:.
1870:.
1840:.
1785:.
1699:.
1627:.
1599:.
1528:.
1522::
1514::
1484:.
1293:)
1287:/
1282:(
938:(
489:v
485:v
174:(
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131:(
34:.
20:)
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