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Josef
Mengele for promotion in August 1944, was able to speak of Mengele's "open, honest, firm … absolutely dependable" character and "magnificent" intellectual and physical talents; of the "discretion, perseverance, and energy with which he has fulfilled every task … and … shown himself equal to every situation"; of his "valuable contribution to anthropological science by making use of the scientific materials available to him"; of his "absolute ideological firmness" and "faultless conduct an SS officer"; and personal qualities as "free, unrestrained, persuasive, and lively" discourse that rendered him "especially dear to his comrades".
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cancer experiments but said that he left after only a few days on his brother Eduard's advice, due to a disagreement and because of his revulsion of the place). According to Lifton "...Among the boys it was Eduard who came most under the father’s influence in becoming meticulous, obedient, and unusually conscientious and reliable — traits that continued into his adult life. He never smoked or drank and was described as compassionate and "soft" in his responses to others..." The Wirths family was not known to be anti-semitic or sympathetic to radical nationalist politics.
408:. . . Wirths was significantly immersed in Nazi ideology in three crucial spheres: the claim of revitalizing the German race and Volk; the biomedical path to that revitalization via purification of genes and race; and the focus on the Jews as a threat to this renewal, to the immediate and long-term "health" of the Germanic race. While Wirths did not absolutize these convictions in the manner of Mengele — they were in him combined with a strong current of medical humanism — his commitment to the Nazi cause was probably no less strong . . .
296:, a political prisoner who worked with him, which contained the message “In the past year you have saved here the lives of 93,000 people. We do not have the right to tell you our wishes. But we wish for ourselves that you stay here in the coming year.” It was signed: “One speaking for the prisoners of Auschwitz.” The figure of 93,000 was the difference in mortality rate among prisoners from typhus in the year prior to Wirths' arrival.
308:. Wirths was also interested in the sterilization of women, by removing their ovaries through surgery or radiation. It is generally acknowledged that he himself never directly participated in such experiments but delegated their conduct to subordinates. The victims of these experiments were Jewish women who had been imprisoned in
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provided a useful insight into how the SS approached the issue of how to record the deaths of
Auschwitz prisoners (this did not include those who had been immediately selected for gassing – their admission was simply not recorded in the death registers). Those who died while imprisoned at Auschwitz
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At
Auschwitz, Wirths was known to be protective of prisoner doctors and other prisoners doing medical work, to have improved conditions on the medical blocks and was remembered favourably by most prisoner doctors and other inmates who had contact with him. At the same time, Wirths in recommending
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had emerged from the war "...in a depressed state with pacifist leanings, which were undoubtedly expressed in his (as one son put it) 'making doctors of us all...'" Wirth's younger brother, Helmut, became a notable gynecologist (who later went to
Auschwitz to visit his brother to participate in
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in 1939, saw action in Norway and the
Russian Front and was classified as medically unfit for combat duty in the spring of 1942 after a heart-attack. Wirths then chose to undertake special training for Department leaders in Dachau Concentration Camp and served as chief SS psychiatrist in
420:. . . first seized on a career as a military doctor and officer in the German elite troops of the SS, because he desperately wanted to become a member of the upper class; eventually to provide his future wife with a "decent marriage". To reach that goal he had to become a "tough man"...
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camp, which, prior to spring 1943, had been conducted by the camp commander and his subordinates. Wirths insisted upon taking his own personal turn in performing selections, which he could have deferred to physician subordinates. Witness testimony given at the Trial of
289:, the commandant of Auschwitz between 1940 and December 1943, is said to have held Wirths in particularly high regard. He is said to have remarked of Wirths that "During my 10 years of service in concentration-camp affairs, I have never encountered a better one."
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275:(captain) and appointed as chief camp physician at Auschwitz in September, 1942. He was appointed on the basis of his reputation as a competent doctor and committed Nazi who would be capable of stopping the
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Wirths was involved in ordering medical experimentation, particularly in gynecological and typhus-related experimental tests. Wirths's primary research concerned pre-cancerous growths of the
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was also wounded at the
Russian Front, pronounced medically unfit for combat, and promoted to the rank of SS-Hauptsturmführer before being assigned to Auschwitz.
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353:(major) in September 1944. Following the evacuation of Auschwitz in January 1945 he was transferred, along with many other former Auschwitz personnel, to the
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has made the following observation regarding Wirths' medical experiments: ". . . Wirths, without consent, photographed the cervices of women prisoners, then
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Transcript (in German) of the documentary Film (1975) "Dr. Eduard Wirths – Standortarzt von
Auschwitz" by Dutch film makers Roland Orthel and others.
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715:. North Carolina: The University of North Carolina Press Chapel Hill & London in association with the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.
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flag as well as his enthusiasm for acting as a marriage counselor and personal adviser to other SS personnel. According to
Helgard Kramer, Wirths
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from
September 1942 to January 1945. Thus, Wirths had formal responsibility for everything undertaken by the nearly twenty SS doctors (including
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392:, Wirths with Rudolf Höss, pictures of the old village of Birkenau before it was destroyed and pictures of the building of the SS hospital at
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Perhaps illustrative of Wirths' commitment to medical 'leadership' was his tendency while at
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at the end of the war and held in custody by British forces. Later, on 20 September 1945, knowing that he would face trial for
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from "Beurteilung des SS Hauptsturmführers (R) Dr. Josef Mengele," 19 August 1949 (Berlin Document Center: Mengele
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In 1943 the impact on inmates of Wirths' actions at Auschwitz resulted in his receiving a Christmas card from
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361:. Wirths again held the post of chief camp physician until Mittelbau-Dora's evacuation in April 1945.
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were always recorded as having died from natural causes and never from being executed or murdered.
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Importantly, Wirths also asserted medical control of prisoner selections at the Auschwitz-
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691:"Eduard Wirths collection - Collections Search - United States Holocaust Memorial Museum"
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in June 1933 and applied for admission into the SS in 1934. He entered the
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Helgard Kramer, "The ‘Doubled Self’ of SS Doctors at Auschwitz Revisited"
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193:) who worked in the medical sections of Auschwitz between 1942 and 1945.
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of the main camp in Auschwitz. E.W.J. Pearce, an Associate Professor of
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Dr. E.W.J. Pearce, (1996) "Antigone: An Exercise in Medical Ethics" in
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Colposcopy of the Cervix, Vagina, and Vulva: A Comprehensive Textbook
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epidemics that had increasingly affected SS personnel at Auschwitz.
585:(in German). Hamburg, Germany: Hoffman Und Camp. pp. 144–167.
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Murderous Medicine: Nazi Doctors, Human Experimentation, And Typhus
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In 2014 Wirths' son Peter donated his father's photo albums to the
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THE NAZI DOCTORS: Medical Killing and the Psychology of Genocide
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Die Frauen von Block 10. Medizinische Experimente in Auschwitz
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Paper presented at the 25th Annual Scientific Meeting of the
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Perpetrators, participants, organizations, and collaborators
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leanings. His father served as a medical corpsman in the
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International Youth Meeting Center in Oświęcim/Auschwitz
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published by the University of Kansas Medical Centre.
169:(4 September 1909 – 20 September 1945) was the chief
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Nazi Doctors & Other Perpetrators of Nazi Crimes
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388:- these contain photos of the Wirths family at the
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3089:Prisoners who died in British military detention
2313:Resistance, victims, documentation and technical
435:September 1942, Promotion to SS-Hauptsturmführer
736:History and Philosophy of Medicine Newsletter
3029:Auschwitz concentration camp medical personnel
438:September 1944 Promotion to SS-Sturmbannführer
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776:International Society of Political Psychology
479:List of people who died by suicide by hanging
8:
2984:Rescue of Jews by Poles during the Holocaust
645:Eichmann trial – The District Court Sessions
441:Final rank in the SS: SS-Obersturmbannführer
3049:Nazis who died by suicide in prison custody
3034:Mittelbau-Dora concentration camp personnel
954:Camps, ghettos, execution sites and attacks
259:during July 1942. Coincidentally, in 1942,
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141:German Social Welfare Decoration 2nd Class
119:Formal responsibility of medical staff at
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665:"Memorial and Museum: Auschwitz-Birkenau"
606:Baggish, Michael S. (15 September 2018).
234:Eduard Wirths, however, became an ardent
3054:Neuengamme concentration camp personnel
2909:Extraordinary (Soviet) State Commission
787:Healing-Killing Conflict: Eduard Wirths
490:
3069:Physicians from the Kingdom of Bavaria
2892:Polish, East German, and Soviet trials
2252:Lithuanian Auxiliary Police Battalions
460:German Sosial Wellfare Medal 2nd Class
451:War Merit Cross 1st Class With Swords
138:War Merit Cross 1st Class With Swords
7:
3074:Nazis who died by suicide in Germany
2813:Aftermath, trials and commemoration
824:Holocaust in German-occupied Poland
766:Shoa.de - Eduard Wirths (1909-1945)
127:performed on prisoners at Auschwitz
2974:Polish Righteous Among the Nations
14:
2656:Special Prosecution Book – Poland
404:Robert Jay Lifton has said that
16:German Nazi physician (1909–1945)
2833:Population transfers (1944–1946)
1882:Ferdinand von Sammern-Frankenegg
3059:People from Würzburg (district)
2936:Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum
2848:Anti-Jewish violence, 1944–1946
322:amputated the pictured cervices
238:while studying medicine at the
3079:Suicides by hanging in Germany
2264:Schutzmannschaft Battalion 118
2240:36th Estonian Police Battalion
1:
2931:Monument to the Ghetto Heroes
2761:Human medical experimentation
257:Neuengamme concentration camp
125:human medical experimentation
3039:Physicians in the Nazi Party
179:Auschwitz concentration camp
3044:Nazi human subject research
2966:Righteous Among the Nations
2853:Ministry of Public Security
2232:Belarusian Auxiliary Police
842:Related articles by country
728:SS-DOCTOR DR. EDUARD WIRTHS
633:The Trial of Adolf Eichmann
581:Lang, Hans-Joachim (2011).
369:Wirths was captured by the
3105:
2878:Frankfurt Auschwitz trials
2260:Ukrainian Auxiliary Police
635:, Session 70 (Part 2 of 6)
531:Greenwood Publishing Group
463:Eastern Front Winter Medal
457:DRL-Sports Badge in Bronze
349:Wirths was promoted to SS-
271:Wirths was promoted to SS-
201:Eduard Wirths was born in
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2651:Sobibor perpetrator album
2282:
2236:Estonian Auxiliary Police
1363:
1346:Human medical experiments
923:
919:
830:
718:Robert J. Lifton, (1986)
711:Hermann Langbein, (2004)
622:– via Google Books.
529:. Westport, Connecticut:
454:Iron Cross 2nd Class 1939
242:(1930–35). He joined the
28:
2899:Auschwitz trial (Poland)
2244:Latvian Auxiliary Police
1977:Karl Eberhard Schöngarth
1479:Friedrich-Wilhelm Krüger
722:. New York: Basic Books.
525:Baumslag, Naomi (2011).
300:Prisoner experimentation
2989:Garden of the Righteous
2741:Identification in camps
2734:Technical and logistics
2180:Order Police battalions
446:Awards during SS career
213:family with democratic
72:Allied-occupied Germany
2402:Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
1867:Heinrich Klaustermeyer
422:
410:
357:concentration camp in
332:Selection of prisoners
316:and Gynecology at the
240:University of Würzburg
111:SS-Obersturmbannführer
2941:Majdanek State Museum
2074:Karl-Friedrich Höcker
978:Auschwitz II-Birkenau
418:
406:
318:Truman Medical Center
267:Auschwitz (1942–1945)
230:Nazi party membership
100:Years of service
2418:Mordechai Anielewicz
2129:Elisabeth Volkenrath
2014:Jenny-Wanda Barkmann
1650:Arthur Liebehenschel
1575:Hermine Braunsteiner
1519:Arthur Seyss-Inquart
725:University of Linz:
400:Summary of SS Career
3084:Waffen-SS personnel
2956:March of the Living
2828:Holocaust survivors
2692:Vrba–Wetzler report
2468:Alexander Pechersky
2428:Mordechai Tenenbaum
1877:Alexander Palfinger
1700:Johann Schwarzhuber
1260:Międzyrzec Podlaski
1239:Lviv pogroms (1941)
1140:Sonderaktion Krakau
782:, July 16–19, 2002.
713:People in Auschwitz
703:Lifton, p. 412
671:on 26 February 2009
571:Lifton: p. 389
562:Lifton: p. 386
515:Lifton, p. 385
506:Lifton: p. 400
497:Lifton: p. 385
425:SS ranks and awards
377:, Wirths committed
365:Capture and suicide
3064:SS-Sturmbannführer
2871:West German trials
2666:Wannsee Conference
2453:Itzhak Katzenelson
2205:General Government
1690:Franz Reichleitner
1620:Fritz Hartjenstein
1610:Maximilian Grabner
1529:Bruno Streckenbach
1341:Grossaktion Warsaw
994:Operation Reinhard
756:at www.webster.edu
748:Webster University
650:2005-09-06 at the
379:suicide by hanging
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2094:Hildegard Lächert
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1826:Alfred Trzebinski
1791:Franz von Bodmann
1743:Lorenz Hackenholt
1585:Theodor van Eupen
1524:Jakob Sporrenberg
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654:at www.nizkor.org
223:Robert Jay Lifton
221:and according to
207:Würzburg, Bavaria
164:
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64:20 September 1945
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2883:Treblinka trials
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2682:Graebe affidavit
2675:Witness accounts
2621:Frank memorandum
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2488:Szmul Zygielbojm
2478:Frumka Płotnicka
2438:Leon Feldhendler
2423:Icchak Cukierman
2377:Ghetto uprisings
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2228:Schutzmannschaft
2049:Feodor Fedorenko
1999:
1907:Wolfgang Birkner
1695:Heinrich Schwarz
1685:Josef Oberhauser
1660:Heinrich Matthes
1544:Dieter Wisliceny
1534:Richard Thomalla
1509:Heinz Reinefarth
1459:Heinrich Himmler
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2114:Erich Muhsfeldt
2044:Margot Dreschel
2029:Alexander Bülow
1986:
1982:Udo von Woyrsch
1972:Hermann Schaper
1967:Emanuel Schäfer
1952:Josef Meisinger
1912:Helmut Bischoff
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1847:Heinz Auerswald
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1715:Christian Wirth
1625:Gottlieb Hering
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1499:Georg Michalsen
1484:Franz Kutschera
1444:Odilo Globocnik
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2948:
2946:Sobibór Museum
2943:
2938:
2933:
2927:
2925:
2919:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2895:
2893:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2885:
2880:
2874:
2872:
2865:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2824:
2822:
2816:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2809:
2802:
2795:
2787:
2780:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2737:
2735:
2731:
2730:
2727:
2726:
2724:
2723:
2717:
2715:
2711:
2710:
2708:
2707:
2703:Sonderkommando
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2678:
2676:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2646:Posen speeches
2643:
2641:Korherr Report
2638:
2633:
2631:Höfle telegram
2628:
2623:
2618:
2612:
2610:
2603:
2597:
2596:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2538:
2536:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2507:
2505:
2498:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2473:Witold Pilecki
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2448:Henryk Iwański
2445:
2443:Paweł Frenkiel
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2414:
2412:
2408:
2407:
2405:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2373:
2371:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2322:
2320:
2316:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2309:
2302:
2295:
2287:
2280:
2279:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2272:
2267:
2248:Arajs Kommando
2224:
2222:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2177:
2170:Einsatzgruppen
2166:
2164:
2160:
2159:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2152:
2147:
2141:
2139:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2131:
2126:
2124:Alice Orlowski
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2039:John Demjanjuk
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2005:
2003:
1996:
1992:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1937:Gerhard Flesch
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1903:
1901:
1898:Einsatzgruppen
1893:
1892:
1890:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1843:
1841:
1840:Ghetto command
1837:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1821:Horst Schumann
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1787:
1785:
1779:
1778:
1776:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1729:
1727:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1680:Johann Niemann
1677:
1672:
1667:
1665:Hermann Michel
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1640:Karl-Otto Koch
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1580:Irmfried Eberl
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1556:
1554:
1550:
1549:
1547:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1469:Fritz Katzmann
1466:
1461:
1456:
1454:Arthur Greiser
1451:
1449:Richard Glücks
1446:
1441:
1436:
1434:Ludwig Fischer
1431:
1426:
1424:Adolf Eichmann
1421:
1416:
1410:
1408:
1401:
1397:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1390:
1383:
1376:
1368:
1361:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1196:
1194:
1188:
1187:
1185:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1145:
1143:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1091:
1089:
1088:Mass shootings
1085:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1077:
1075:Danzig-Matzkau
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1040:Kraków-Płaszów
1037:
1032:
1026:
1024:
1018:
1017:
1015:
1014:
1013:
1012:
1007:
1002:
990:
985:
980:
974:
972:
963:
957:
956:
953:
951:
950:
943:
936:
928:
917:
916:
914:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
840:
835:
831:
828:
827:
822:
820:
819:
812:
805:
797:
791:
790:
783:
769:
768:at www.shoa.de
763:
762:at www.shoa.de
757:
745:
740:
731:
723:
716:
706:
705:
696:
682:
656:
637:
625:
618:
598:
592:978-3455502220
591:
573:
564:
555:
546:
540:978-0615251721
539:
533:. p. 73.
517:
508:
499:
489:
488:
486:
483:
482:
481:
476:
469:
466:
465:
464:
461:
458:
455:
452:
448:
447:
443:
442:
439:
436:
432:
431:
426:
423:
401:
398:
366:
363:
355:Mittelbau-Dora
343:Adolf Eichmann
333:
330:
301:
298:
268:
265:
231:
228:
198:
195:
187:Horst Schumann
162:
161:
158:
154:
153:
152:Gertrud Petavy
150:
146:
145:
143:
142:
139:
135:
133:
129:
128:
117:
113:
112:
109:
105:
104:
101:
97:
96:
91:
85:
84:
79:
75:
74:
68:(aged 36)
62:
58:
57:
39:
35:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3101:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3019:1945 suicides
3017:
3015:
3012:
3011:
3009:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2979:
2975:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2967:
2963:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2928:
2926:
2924:
2920:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2890:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2860:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2843:Kielce pogrom
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2817:
2808:
2803:
2801:
2796:
2794:
2789:
2788:
2785:
2781:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2732:
2722:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2712:
2706:
2704:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2673:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2661:Stroop Report
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2601:Documentation
2598:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2539:
2537:
2533:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2508:
2506:
2502:
2499:
2495:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2433:Marek Edelman
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2409:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2374:
2372:
2368:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2319:Organizations
2317:
2308:
2303:
2301:
2296:
2294:
2289:
2288:
2285:
2281:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2220:Collaboration
2217:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2181:
2178:
2175:
2171:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2163:Organizations
2161:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2136:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2109:Eduard Lorenz
2107:
2105:
2104:Anton Lechner
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2089:Josef Kollmer
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2059:Kurt Gerstein
2057:
2055:
2054:Hans Hoffmann
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2024:Juana Bormann
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2000:
1997:
1993:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1962:Erich Naumann
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1917:Lothar Beutel
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1899:
1894:
1888:
1887:Jürgen Stroop
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1857:Josef Blösche
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1844:
1842:
1838:
1832:
1831:Eduard Wirths
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1816:Josef Mengele
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1806:Horst Fischer
1804:
1802:
1801:Karl Gebhardt
1799:
1797:
1796:Carl Clauberg
1794:
1792:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1780:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1768:Ludwig Plagge
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1758:Herbert Lange
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1738:Kurt Bolender
1736:
1734:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1722:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1710:Gustav Wagner
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1635:Franz Hössler
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1600:Karl Fritzsch
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1570:Wilhelm Boger
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1551:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1489:Erwin Lambert
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1474:Wilhelm Koppe
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1464:Hermann Höfle
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1429:Theodor Eicke
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1405:
1402:
1398:
1389:
1384:
1382:
1377:
1375:
1370:
1369:
1366:
1362:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1333:
1331:
1327:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1151:
1147:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1130:Aktion Krakau
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1100:Bloody Sunday
1098:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1086:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1022:Concentration
1019:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
997:
996:
995:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
975:
973:
971:
970:Extermination
967:
964:
962:
958:
949:
944:
942:
937:
935:
930:
929:
926:
922:
918:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
841:
839:
838:The Holocaust
836:
833:
832:
829:
825:
818:
813:
811:
806:
804:
799:
798:
795:
789:
788:
784:
781:
777:
773:
770:
767:
764:
761:
758:
755:
754:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
737:
732:
730:
729:
724:
721:
717:
714:
710:
709:
700:
697:
692:
686:
683:
670:
666:
660:
657:
653:
649:
646:
641:
638:
634:
629:
626:
621:
619:9780323018593
615:
611:
610:
602:
599:
594:
588:
584:
577:
574:
568:
565:
559:
556:
550:
547:
542:
536:
532:
528:
521:
518:
512:
509:
503:
500:
494:
491:
484:
480:
477:
475:
472:
471:
467:
462:
459:
456:
453:
450:
449:
445:
444:
440:
437:
434:
433:
429:
428:
424:
421:
417:
415:
409:
405:
399:
397:
395:
391:
387:
382:
380:
376:
372:
364:
362:
360:
356:
352:
347:
344:
339:
331:
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2702:
2626:Höcker Album
2609:Nazi sources
2497:Victim lists
2463:Miles Lerman
2270:Trawniki men
2210:Hotel Polski
2119:Detlef Nebbe
2084:Oswald Kaduk
2079:Karl Jeschke
1957:Bruno Müller
1947:Felix Landau
1932:Ernst Damzog
1927:Karl Brunner
1896:
1872:Franz Konrad
1830:
1773:Adolf Theuer
1726:executioners
1705:Franz Stangl
1675:Robert Mulka
1645:Josef Kramer
1595:Karl Frenzel
1565:Richard Baer
1560:Hans Aumeier
1553:Camp command
1539:Otto Wächter
1419:Josef Bühler
1414:Viktor Brack
1400:Perpetrators
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834:Main article
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82:Nazi Germany
66:(1945-09-20)
3024:1945 deaths
3014:1909 births
2746:Gas chamber
2714:Concealment
2705:photographs
2552:Gross-Rosen
2521:Lviv (Lwów)
2483:Roza Robota
2387:Częstochowa
2019:Herta Bothe
2009:Hans Anhalt
2002:Camp guards
1942:Ludwig Hahn
1922:Paul Blobel
1862:Franz Bürkl
1852:Hans Biebow
1811:Fritz Klein
1748:Josef Klehr
1733:Erich Bauer
1724:Gas chamber
1670:Karl Möckel
1655:Maria Mandl
1630:Rudolf Höss
1615:Otto Hantke
1504:Oswald Pohl
1494:Ernst Lerch
1305:Stanisławów
1215:Częstochowa
1105:Bronna Góra
1035:Gross-Rosen
1030:Auschwitz I
287:Rudolf Höss
70:Staumühle,
3008:Categories
2069:Irma Grese
2064:Paul Götze
2034:Luise Danz
1783:Physicians
1590:Kurt Franz
1439:Hans Frank
1407:Organizers
1351:Heidelager
778:(ISPP) in
485:References
474:Hans Münch
375:war crimes
326:colposcopy
314:Obstetrics
244:Nazi Party
197:Early life
78:Allegiance
44:1909-09-04
2923:Memorials
2820:Aftermath
2587:Treblinka
2542:Auschwitz
2397:Treblinka
2382:Białystok
2370:Uprisings
2150:Treblinka
1995:Personnel
1763:Otto Moll
1753:Hans Koch
1605:Amon Göth
1336:Action T4
1300:Sosnowiec
1270:Nowy Sącz
1205:Białystok
1172:Szczuczyn
1120:Erntefest
1110:Bydgoszcz
1095:Białystok
1010:Treblinka
886:Lithuania
760:Holocaust
612:. Mosby.
414:Red Cross
394:Auschwitz
390:Solahütte
359:Thuringia
252:Waffen SS
215:Socialist
177:) at the
149:Spouse(s)
121:Auschwitz
103:1933–1945
2766:Zyklon B
2582:Trawniki
2577:Stutthof
2562:Majdanek
1310:Tarnopol
1250:Lubartów
1162:Jedwabne
1065:Trawniki
1055:Stutthof
1045:Potulice
988:Majdanek
906:Slovakia
675:16 April
648:Archived
468:See also
338:Birkenau
310:Block 10
294:Langbein
246:and the
211:Catholic
173:doctor (
157:Children
116:Commands
88:Service/
2751:Gas van
2567:Sobibór
2504:Ghettos
2411:Leaders
2392:Sobibor
2145:Sobibor
2138:By camp
1285:Siedlce
1192:Ghettos
1177:Tykocin
1149:Pogroms
1135:Palmiry
1060:Szebnie
1005:Sobibor
983:Chełmno
911:Ukraine
896:Romania
876:Germany
866:Estonia
861:Denmark
856:Croatia
851:Belgium
846:Belarus
209:into a
2863:Trials
2838:Bricha
2572:Soldau
2557:Izbica
2547:Bełżec
2526:Warsaw
2511:Kraków
2351:Żegota
1320:Warsaw
1295:Słonim
1290:Sambor
1265:Mizocz
1255:Lublin
1230:Kraków
1225:Kielce
1220:Grodno
1200:Będzin
1182:Wąsosz
1158:(1946)
1156:Kielce
1070:Warsaw
1050:Soldau
1000:Belzec
901:Russia
891:Norway
881:Latvia
871:France
780:Berlin
616:
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537:
371:Allies
306:cervix
277:typhus
132:Awards
90:branch
2535:Camps
2195:RKFDV
1315:Wilno
1280:Radom
1275:Pińsk
1210:Brest
1115:Dynów
961:Camps
430:Ranks
386:USHMM
205:near
2978:List
2516:Łódź
2336:Bund
2200:VoMi
2190:WVHA
1245:Łódź
1235:Lwów
1167:Lviv
677:2009
614:ISBN
587:ISBN
535:ISBN
236:Nazi
189:and
108:Rank
61:Died
38:Born
2361:ŻZW
2356:ŻOB
2346:PKB
2331:AOB
396:.
3010::
2341:GL
2326:AK
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248:SA
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171:SS
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