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Those unfamiliar with Quebec may wonder if three-year university programs there are therefore equal to four-year university programs in other provinces, or in other countries where four-year first university degree programs are the norm. However, given that college diploma holders are granted up to one year of advanced standing credit at any university, it is clear that this is not the case. What exists in Quebec is simply a different structure of education than in other provinces, which ultimately yields exactly the same total duration of study when years of secondary and post-secondary study are combined.
762:." Government of Quebec. January 28, 1998. Retrieved on December 21, 2012. "En 1996-1997, on dénombre 156 commissions scolaires dont 135 reconnues comme catholiques, dix-huit reconnues comme protestantes, et trois à statut particulier qui desservent principalement les élèves autochtones. En 1996-1997, les 156 commissions scolaires gèrent 2 670 écoles publiques. De ce nombre, 1 895 écoles donnent uniquement l'enseignement primaire, 576, uniquement l'enseignement secondaire général ou professionnel, alors que 199 écoles offrent à la fois l'enseignement primaire et l'enseignement secondaire."
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college study from consideration, since it is in fact the twelfth year of study overall in Quebec (similar to grade 12), and the laws of the land throughout Canada dictate that a high school diploma from Quebec lacks one additional year in order to be considered the equivalent of a high school diploma elsewhere. The second option would be to include both years of college study in the evaluation, knowing that the maximum of possible transfer credit/advanced standing is one year at the
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587:, resulting in low student costs in university education. There are three levels of tuition: Quebec resident (lowest level), Out-of-province Canadian resident (tuition set to average Canadian tuition) and International tuition (highest). The Quebec resident tuition is only available to residents of Quebec, residents of jurisdictions that have bilateral agreements with the Quebec government, and to students enrolled in French literature or Quebec studies programs.
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Students may pursue post-secondary education after completing compulsory schooling (elementary and secondary) in Quebec. Post-secondary education in Quebec includes two levels: college education and university education. Of note, the term 'post-secondary' in this entry is used specifically within the
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other than Quebec do not consider completion of grade 11 in Quebec (Sec V)—or, more simply, the secondary diploma of Quebec—to be sufficient for university admission (or admission at other post-secondary institutions). Hence, although some exceptions exist, successful completion of college education
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Holders of the two-year college diploma still must complete a minimum of three years of university education in order to obtain a bachelor's degree. Under
Canadian law, bachelor's degrees from government-accredited universities in Canada are considered equal, whether from Quebec or other provinces.
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The Quebec public sector teachers' unions oppose any form of subsidy to private schools. They claim (1) that private schools select only the brightest and most capable students and reject children with learning difficulties, and argue (2) that by doing this they leave a burden to the public sector.
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Quebec has the highest proportion of children going to private schools in North
America. The phenomenon is not restricted to the well-to-do. Many middle- and lower-income families send their children to private schools. The government of Quebec gives a pro-rata subsidy for each child to any private
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Graduates of two-year college programs often receive up to one year of advanced standing at universities outside of Quebec, but no more than this. Effectively, the first year of college study is considered equivalent to grade twelve in all other provinces, while the second year is considered to be
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receive a subsidy for each of their 15,000 students, and grant the same diplomas as the public colleges. Unlike the state-run colleges, the private post-secondary schools do not have to combine pre-university and vocational programs in one institution. About half offer pre-university and the other
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When public schools were deconfessionalized in 2000, Catholic and
Protestant religious education classes along with nonreligious moral education classes continued to be part of the curriculum. Article 5 of the Quebec Public Education Act had been modified in 1997 so as to allow minority religious
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In the 1996–1997 school year, Quebec had 156 school districts including 135 Catholic districts, 18 Protestant school districts, and three First
Nations districts. The school districts operated 2,670 public schools, including 1,895 primary schools, 576 general or professional secondary schools, and
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degrees in Quebec universities are three years in length for Quebec students who have obtained a college diploma. Universities from outside Quebec have four-year bachelor's degree programs, because secondary study in all provinces outside of Quebec ends with grade 12 (rather than secondary study
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Bill 40 was passed to expropriate school boards that have been running in
English style for 175 years. This did not include nine English school boards. But the move is seen as further undermining English-language education in the province. Bill 40 also does not affect the three Indigenous school
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From the standpoint of post-secondary institutions outside of Quebec who may be trying to determine transfer credit, there are essentially two ways in which to interpret the two-year college program, bolstered by local and countrywide legislation. The first option is to remove the first year of
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level. This second option is viable if one is uncomfortable with using the chronological separation of year 12 and year 13 as their rationale, especially since college courses are not necessarily all taken in a predetermined chronological order, as the order can vary from student to student.
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groups to be allowed religious education classes of their faith where their number were large enough, but this was removed in 2000. Then, in order to prevent court challenges by these same minority religious groups wanting specialist religious education in schools, the government invoked the
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context of Quebec. Unique to Québec, this level is a bridge between compulsory schooling and university education. At the university level, education is provided by individual universities. These institutions have an education structure tantamount to that found elsewhere in North
America.
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Primary school, secondary school, and college add up to 13 years of pre-university study, one more than other provinces (although part of college study is post-secondary, as evidenced by the treatment of college diplomas in and outside of Quebec). For this reason, most undergraduate
168:) has five grades, called secondary I–V (Sec I–V for short). Students are 12 to 17 years old (age of September 30), unless they repeat a grade (which is not allowed any longer). Upon completion of secondary V, students receive their high school diploma from the provincial government.
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sometimes with other designations attached to this title. Of interest, the term CEGEP can only legally be used to describe the state-run post-secondary (post-grade 11) schools, where tuition is free. The 26 private institutions which offer a post-secondary program recognized by the
197:), which granted power over education to the provinces. Article 93 of the act made it unconstitutional for Quebec to change this system. Consequently, a constitutional amendment was required to operate what some see as the separation of the State and the church in Quebec.
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Approximately 17% of the high school population of Quebec currently attends a private high school. The figure is even higher in urban centres such as
Montreal, where 30% of high school students are in the private sector. A study released in August 2004 by the
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decided not to renew the clause, abrogate
Article 5 of the Public Education Act, modify Article 41 of the Quebec Charter of Rights and then eliminate the choice in moral and religious instruction that existed previously and, finally, impose a controversial new
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English is taught as a second language in French primary schools from grade 1 onward, and a few schools also offer
English immersion programs for advanced students. English schools offer a large range of programs that include French as a second language,
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Students who enter college can specialize in a number of different technical or pre-university fields. The term of study is two years for pre-university and three years for most vocational or technical diplomas. Students completing college earn the
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Private schools usually have teachers who are not unionized, or who belong to associations not affiliated with the main body of Quebec public sector teachers' unions. The debate over the subsidies has been going on for several decades.
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Unique to Québec, college education serves to bridge compulsory schooling and university education, since it is the only province that requires 11 years of study (instead of 12) to obtain a high school diploma. For admission purposes,
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students who have already done all or most of their elementary or secondary studies in
English in Canada, or who have a sibling who has received most of their education in English in Canada, as long as a parent is a Canadian
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On the other hand, English school board commissioners remain on the job until November 1, 2020, but they will then involve four staff members, four community representatives and between eight and seventeen parents.
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also contains a section dedicated to vocational training, in addition to general training. However, the term has not been officially used since February 10, 2001. It is preferable to use the term
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curriculum to all schools, even the private ones. The ERC course has been taught starting in September 2008. Several court challenges have been launched against its compulsory nature.
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The abolishing of French school boards is said to save the government more than $ 10 million. Their reason for this is to try to improve the quality of education in Quebec.
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jurisdictions. In addition to formerly private institutions, the government of Quebec founded a network of universities in several cities across the province, called the
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revealed that, over the preceding five years, the private sector had grown by 12% while the public sector had shrunk 5.6%, with a slightly steeper rate in the last year.
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has eleven universities, founded over the course of 200 years. In 2015, it had more than 155,000 students (full-time equivalent), or 65% of Quebec's student population.
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Private secondary schools usually select their students by having them go through their own scholastic exams and by making a study of the entire primary school record.
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Most of the private schools are secondary institutions, though there are a few primary schools, most of them serving precise religious or cultural groups such as
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school board before the Second World War, but it failed partly due to divisions within the Jewish community. This confessional system was established through the
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equal to the freshman university year. Chronologically and legally, this is true and has been in effect for the entire modern era of education in Canada.
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allowed for Quebec to request that the Government of Canada exempt the province from Article 93 of the Constitution Act. This request was passed by the
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ending with grade 11 and then being followed by two years of college study, as in Quebec). University education in Quebec is much like in other
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school which meets its standards and follows its prescriptions, reducing tuition costs to approximately 30% of non-subsidized private schools.
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children. If a parent had the right to attend English schools, but did not, they do not lose the right for their children.
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Quebec has publicly funded French and English schools. In publicly funded primary and secondary schools, according to the
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987:. Montréal: P.A.P.T.; Gardenvale, Qué.: Printed ... by Harpell's Press. v, 89 p., ill. with numerous b&w drawings.
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The Quebec Education Act of 1988 provided for a change to linguistic school boards. In 1997, a unanimous vote by the
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129:). It was administered at the local level by publicly elected French and English school boards, changed in 2020 to
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157:) is available province-wide for children that have attained 5 years of age on September 30 of the school year.
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571:. All universities in the province have since become public in a similar fashion to other Canadian provinces.
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Many attend publicly funded English schools. These rules do not apply to temporary residents of Quebec or
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164:) starts with grade 1 age 6 by September 30, through to grade 6 age 11 by September 30. Secondary school (
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P.A.P.T.: the First Century: a History of the Provincial Association of Protestant Teachers of Québec
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College education is given by institutions known as Colleges. Both private and public institutions (
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Réseau Étudiant - Resources and services for the student community in the province of Quebec
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are now to be run with five staff members, five parents and five members of the community.
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848:"Québec's Bill 40 further undermines the province's English-language school system"
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908:"Quebec just killed its school boards after 175 years, but will students benefit?"
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in Quebec is generally required to gain qualifications for university admission.
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students with a parent who did most of their elementary or secondary studies in
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Government of Quebec - Denomination (confessional vs. linguistic school boards)
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224:, which expires after a maximum of 5 years. In 2005 the government of
933:"School board commissioners reeling from sudden end to their mandate"
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185:(called "confessional schools"). Attempts were made to set up a
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specific to the Quebec school system. The difference between a
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being granted to the Constitutional Amendment, 1997, (Quebec).
243:
15:
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879:"Quebec passes education reforms abolishing school boards"
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Quebec subsidizes post-secondary education and controls
127:
Ministère de l'Éducation et de l'Enseignement supérieur
1008:
Government of Quebec - Requirements for Quebec Tuition
375:
were created during the 1960s under the initiative of
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Optional preschool, also known as pre-kindergarten (
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446:boards under Canadian control in Quebec territory.
46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
785:"Le rapport Parent: un document fondateur | UQAM"
510:Collège d'enseignement général et professionnel
1003:Government of Quebec - Language of instruction
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677:Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue
177:Formerly, school boards were divided between
8:
3719:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
216:199 combined primary and secondary schools.
641:Institut national de recherche scientifique
278:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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512:) of this type exist within the province.
508:, which is officially coined in French as
141:Preschool, primary and secondary education
123:Ministry of Education and Higher Education
906:Montpetit, Jonathan (February 10, 2020).
629:École nationale d'administration publique
298:Learn how and when to remove this message
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
406:in Canada and is also a Canadian citizen
931:Lalonde, Michelle (February 10, 2020).
760:Les réseaux scolaires publics et privés
751:
774:. ourkids.net. Retrieved Apr 25, 2018.
479:Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedom
671:Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières
7:
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477:of Quebec invoked Article 23 of the
359:and a regular high school is that a
276:adding citations to reliable sources
44:adding citations to reliable sources
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957:"Market studies & publications"
14:
683:Université du Québec en Outaouais
653:Université du Québec à Chicoutimi
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3278:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
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2320:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
2090:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1984:
535:half offer vocational programs.
248:
160:Mandatory elementary education (
20:
665:Université du Québec à Rimouski
659:Université du Québec à Montréal
635:École de Technologie Supérieure
191:British North America Act, 1867
31:needs additional citations for
3435:Federated States of Micronesia
2730:British Indian Ocean Territory
1018:History of Education in Quebec
392:Charter of the French Language
1:
702:English-language universities
394:, all students must attend a
3403:United States Virgin Islands
998:Quebec Ministry of Education
603:French-language universities
532:Quebec Ministry of Education
527:Diplôme d'études collégiales
324:Quebec Ministry of Education
316:Armenian Orthodox Christians
234:Ethics and religious culture
4109:Template:Colleges in Quebec
3165:Education in North America
791:(in French). Archived from
598:List of Quebec universities
500:College education in Quebec
202:National Assembly of Quebec
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3615:Education in South America
553:Higher education in Quebec
550:
497:
318:or certain Jewish faiths.
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3851:Newfoundland and Labrador
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3378:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
2758:
2014:
2003:
1979:
1933:
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1858:
1840:
1801:
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1725:Early childhood education
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983:Talbot, Allan D. (1963).
740:List of schools in Quebec
3586:Northern Mariana Islands
3398:Turks and Caicos Islands
2479:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
2075:Central African Republic
818:www.education.gouv.qc.ca
696:Université de Sherbrooke
485:Post-secondary education
351:) is a multi-functional
3551:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
2740:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
436:Coalition Avenir Québec
3977:Universities in Quebec
3328:British Virgin Islands
2842:Bosnia and Herzegovina
961:Montreal International
619:Université de Montréal
609:Polytechnique Montréal
459:school service centres
440:school service centres
430:School service centres
222:notwithstanding clause
195:Constitution Act, 1867
131:school service centres
3992:Abitibi-TĂ©miscamingue
3892:Northwest Territories
3816:province or territory
3529:and other territories
3268:Saint Kitts and Nevis
2235:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
2095:Republic of the Congo
730:Education in Montreal
434:The political party,
55:"Education in Quebec"
3984:Université du Québec
3866:Prince Edward Island
3417:Education in Oceania
2793:Education in Europe
2654:United Arab Emirates
2021:Education in Africa
1244:Instructional design
713:Concordia University
624:Université du Québec
569:Université du Québec
272:improve this section
40:improve this article
4128:Education in Quebec
3812:Education in Canada
3283:Trinidad and Tobago
3178:Antigua and Barbuda
3058:States with limited
2681:limited recognition
2310:States with limited
2009:Education by region
1735:Secondary education
1647:Teaching philosophy
1550:Pedagogical pattern
1493:21st century skills
1472:Religious education
1115:Aims and objectives
735:Education in Canada
718:Bishop's University
457:The 60 Francophone
386:Language in schools
173:Religion in schools
121:is governed by the
119:Education in Quebec
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3110:Faroe Islands
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3082:South Ossetia
3080:
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2704:South Ossetia
2702:
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2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2150:Guinea-Bissau
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
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2046:
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2038:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2017:
2013:
2006:
2002:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1953:
1948:
1945:
1941:
1940:Undergraduate
1938:
1937:
1932:
1929:
1928:
1924:
1919:
1916:
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1911:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1898:
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1865:Middle school
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1817:
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1661:
1660:
1658:
1654:
1648:
1645:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1630:Project-based
1628:
1626:
1625:Problem-based
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1585:Demonstration
1583:
1581:
1580:Contemplative
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1566:
1563:
1561:
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1556:
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1499:
1496:
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1491:
1490:
1488:
1484:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1467:Homeschooling
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
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1439:
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1397:
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1360:
1357:
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1350:
1347:
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1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1314:Environmental
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1240:
1239:Instructional
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
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1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1142:Psychometrics
1140:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1100:
1097:
1095:
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1078:
1071:
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1063:
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1042:
1037:
1036:
1033:
1027:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
995:
991:
986:
982:
981:
977:
962:
958:
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949:
938:
934:
927:
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913:
909:
902:
900:
896:
884:
880:
874:
872:
870:
868:
864:
853:
849:
842:
840:
838:
836:
834:
830:
819:
815:
814:"Eligibility"
809:
806:
795:on 2018-04-24
794:
790:
786:
780:
777:
773:
768:
765:
761:
755:
752:
745:
741:
738:
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733:
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581:
578:
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566:
561:
554:
546:
544:
540:
536:
533:
528:
522:
519:
513:
511:
507:
501:
493:
491:
484:
482:
480:
476:
475:school boards
471:
464:
462:
460:
452:
450:
447:
443:
441:
437:
429:
427:
425:
419:
417:
408:
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400:
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397:
393:
385:
383:
381:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
349:comprehensive
346:
339:
336:
334:
330:
327:
325:
319:
317:
312:
302:
299:
291:
288:December 2012
281:
277:
273:
267:
266:
262:
257:This section
255:
251:
246:
245:
239:
237:
235:
230:
227:
223:
217:
213:
211:
207:
203:
198:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
172:
167:
163:
159:
156:
152:
149:
148:prématernelle
145:
144:
140:
138:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
110:
107:
99:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71:
67:
64:
60:
57: –
56:
52:
51:Find sources:
45:
41:
35:
34:
29:This article
27:
23:
18:
17:
3926:
3919:
3876:Saskatchewan
3870:
3740:
3696:Dependencies
3527:Dependencies
3513:Cook Islands
3393:Sint Maarten
3373:Saint Martin
3087:Transnistria
2719:Dependencies
2649:Turkmenistan
2614:Saudi Arabia
2385:Saint Helena
2356:
2260:South Africa
2250:Sierra Leone
2055:Burkina Faso
1947:Postgraduate
1763:Kindergarten
1615:Personalized
1595:Experiential
1555:Teacher look
1264:Agricultural
1120:Anthropology
984:
964:. Retrieved
960:
951:
940:. Retrieved
936:
926:
915:. Retrieved
887:. Retrieved
882:
855:. Retrieved
851:
821:. Retrieved
817:
808:
797:. Retrieved
793:the original
788:
779:
767:
754:
614:HEC Montréal
589:
585:tuition fees
582:
573:
556:
547:Universities
541:
537:
526:
523:
514:
509:
503:
488:
473:The English
472:
468:
456:
448:
444:
433:
420:
416:First Nation
413:
389:
373:polyvalentes
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
348:
344:
342:
338:Polyvalentes
337:
331:
328:
320:
313:
309:
294:
285:
270:Please help
258:
229:Jean Charest
218:
214:
210:Royal Assent
199:
176:
165:
161:
154:
147:
126:
118:
117:
102:
93:
83:
76:
69:
62:
50:
38:Please help
33:verification
30:
3885:Territories
3856:Nova Scotia
3770:WikiProject
3460:New Zealand
3363:Puerto Rico
3273:Saint Lucia
3223:El Salvador
3125:Isle of Man
3060:recognition
3034:Switzerland
2969:Netherlands
2778:Asia portal
2679:States with
2599:Philippines
2539:South Korea
2534:North Korea
2429:Afghanistan
2312:recognition
2265:South Sudan
2155:Ivory Coast
1871:High school
1668:Definitions
1545:Lesson plan
1434:Alternative
1339:Mathematics
1309:Engineering
1023:(in French)
369:polyvalente
361:polyvalente
357:polyvalente
345:polyvalente
193:(today the
4097:Sherbrooke
3997:Chicoutimi
3358:Montserrat
3353:Martinique
3348:Guadeloupe
3203:Costa Rica
3004:San Marino
2964:Montenegro
2944:Luxembourg
2924:Kazakhstan
2827:Azerbaijan
2659:Uzbekistan
2634:Tajikistan
2549:Kyrgyzstan
2529:Kazakhstan
2449:Bangladesh
2439:Azerbaijan
2367:(Portugal)
2325:Somaliland
2245:Seychelles
2210:Mozambique
2195:Mauritania
2180:Madagascar
2135:The Gambia
2070:Cape Verde
1923:Continuing
1913:Vocational
1518:Curriculum
1452:Democratic
1424:Vocational
1414:Technology
1374:Philosophy
1256:By subject
1234:Technology
1214:Psychology
1199:Philosophy
1189:Leadership
1130:Evaluation
1125:Assessment
966:2017-01-25
942:2020-04-06
917:2020-04-06
889:2020-04-06
857:2020-03-27
823:2019-05-05
799:2018-04-23
746:References
560:university
371:The first
347:(English:
183:Protestant
155:maternelle
66:newspapers
4107:See also
4073:Macdonald
4058:Concordia
4007:Outaouais
3824:Provinces
3685:Venezuela
3630:Argentina
3430:Australia
3343:Greenland
3258:Nicaragua
3233:Guatemala
3115:Gibraltar
2939:Lithuania
2745:Hong Kong
2699:Palestine
2624:Sri Lanka
2619:Singapore
2499:Indonesia
2200:Mauritius
1756:Preschool
1656:Wikimedia
1394:Religious
1319:Euthenics
1304:Economics
1284:Chemistry
1274:Bilingual
1229:Sociology
1184:Inclusion
1164:Economics
1062:Education
259:does not
96:July 2014
4122:Category
4080:Montréal
4053:Bishop's
4012:Rimouski
4002:Montréal
3921:Category
3841:Manitoba
3760:Category
3675:Suriname
3665:Paraguay
3650:Colombia
3445:Kiribati
3308:Anguilla
3243:Honduras
3213:Dominica
3188:Barbados
3135:Svalbard
3120:Guernsey
3067:Abkhazia
3019:Slovenia
3014:Slovakia
2989:Portugal
2847:Bulgaria
2768:Category
2689:Abkhazia
2639:Thailand
2594:Pakistan
2574:Mongolia
2569:Maldives
2564:Malaysia
2464:Cambodia
2391: /
2387: /
2380:(France)
2374: /
2352: /
2348: /
2300:Zimbabwe
2275:Tanzania
2125:Ethiopia
2120:Eswatini
2100:Djibouti
2065:Cameroon
2050:Botswana
1640:Socratic
1600:Feedback
1486:Concepts
1379:Physical
1349:Military
1329:Language
1279:Business
1219:Research
1209:Politics
1194:Pedagogy
1089:Glossary
1074:Overview
912:CBC News
883:CBC News
724:See also
592:Montreal
590:Greater
577:freshman
494:Colleges
410:citizen.
3897:Nunavut
3861:Ontario
3831:Alberta
3680:Uruguay
3655:Ecuador
3635:Bolivia
3596:Tokelau
3495:Vanuatu
3338:Curaçao
3323:Bonaire
3318:Bermuda
3248:Jamaica
3228:Grenada
3183:Bahamas
3044:Ukraine
2994:Romania
2954:Moldova
2912:Ireland
2907:Iceland
2902:Hungary
2892:Germany
2887:Georgia
2877:Finland
2872:Estonia
2867:Denmark
2852:Croatia
2837:Belgium
2832:Belarus
2822:Austria
2817:Armenia
2812:Andorra
2807:Albania
2664:Vietnam
2579:Myanmar
2559:Lebanon
2489:Georgia
2444:Bahrain
2434:Armenia
2376:RĂ©union
2372:Mayotte
2363:Madeira
2358:(Spain)
2354:Melilla
2285:Tunisia
2255:Somalia
2240:Senegal
2225:Nigeria
2215:Namibia
2205:Morocco
2170:Liberia
2165:Lesotho
2115:Eritrea
2085:Comoros
2060:Burundi
2035:Algeria
1943:→
1918:Further
1873:→
1868:→
1850:→
1814:→
1809:→
1793:→
1766:→
1759:→
1605:Passive
1528:Studies
1409:Teacher
1399:Science
1389:Reading
1384:Physics
1359:Nursing
1344:Medical
1179:History
1099:Outline
1081:General
649:(TÉLUQ)
465:English
404:English
280:removed
265:sources
226:Premier
80:scholar
4068:McGill
3871:Quebec
3660:Guyana
3640:Brazil
3571:Hawaii
3490:Tuvalu
3263:Panama
3253:Mexico
3198:Canada
3193:Belize
3130:Jersey
3072:Kosovo
3039:Turkey
3029:Sweden
3009:Serbia
2999:Russia
2984:Poland
2979:Norway
2959:Monaco
2929:Latvia
2897:Greece
2882:France
2857:Cyprus
2709:Taiwan
2644:Turkey
2609:Russia
2544:Kuwait
2524:Jordan
2514:Israel
2474:Cyprus
2459:Brunei
2454:Bhutan
2395:
2378:
2365:
2295:Zambia
2290:Uganda
2230:Rwanda
2185:Malawi
2145:Guinea
2040:Angola
1990:Portal
1950:
1909:
1812:Junior
1807:Infant
1712:Stages
1688:Quotes
1673:Images
1533:Theory
1523:Hidden
1419:Values
1324:Health
1299:Design
1224:Rights
1204:Policy
679:(UQAT)
673:(UQTR)
667:(UQAR)
661:(UQAM)
655:(UQAC)
643:(INRS)
631:(ENAP)
506:CEGEPs
453:French
187:Jewish
135:Quebec
82:
75:
68:
61:
53:
4063:Laval
4037:TÉLUQ
3902:Yukon
3645:Chile
3485:Tonga
3475:Samoa
3465:Palau
3455:Nauru
3313:Aruba
3238:Haiti
3105:Ă…land
3024:Spain
2949:Malta
2919:Italy
2750:Macau
2669:Yemen
2629:Syria
2604:Qatar
2584:Nepal
2519:Japan
2494:India
2484:Egypt
2469:China
2350:Ceuta
2270:Sudan
2220:Niger
2175:Libya
2160:Kenya
2140:Ghana
2130:Gabon
2105:Egypt
2045:Benin
1693:Texts
1663:Books
1364:Peace
1354:Music
1334:Legal
1294:Death
1094:Index
685:(UQO)
637:(ETS)
87:JSTOR
73:books
4032:INRS
4022:ENAP
3814:(by
3670:Peru
3566:Guam
3518:Niue
3440:Fiji
3383:Saba
3208:Cuba
2589:Oman
2554:Laos
2509:Iraq
2504:Iran
2280:Togo
2190:Mali
2080:Chad
1683:News
263:any
261:cite
181:and
59:news
4085:HEC
4027:ÉTS
3698:and
2721:and
1404:Sex
1269:Art
274:by
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