Effects of Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans

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landfall, most of the city’s power was affected, which caused the prison to lose power as well. During this outage, many of the prisoners were locked in their cells due to the doors solely opening electronically. After being left in the dark due to the wind damage, the breaking of levees throughout the city flooded New Orleans and affected the prison. These prisoners were left by guards and deputies alike in the prison with chest high water and no food or water. Due to the lack of power, the inmates took it upon themselves to start fires in the facility despite lack of ventilation. Though most left, there were some prison guards who stayed in the city during the storm. These guards allegedly assaulted the prisoners during this time. Many prisoners were shot, beaten, and maced. The prisoners feared for their lives during these encounters with the guards. The inmates endured these living conditions for three to five days before being relocated by officials. Once official teams came in to rescue the prisoners, they were all moved to I-10, the major interstate in New Orleans. Inmates who were not able to be easily rescued were left in the prison. While located on I-10, the inmates were given water and food, though for some this was given too late. There were many inmates who passed out due to dehydration. While the inmates continued to endure these conditions, there were a total of six public defenders who were managing the cases of all of New Orleans prisoners. The prisoners were later sent off to different prisons around the state of Louisiana while the city was still underwater. After the flood waters receded, many of the inmates of Orleans Parish Prison served longer sentences due to the lack of government in New Orleans and public defender staff shortages. The Criminal Justice System was out of order in the city for months and did not release its first prisoner on bond until October 2006.

1922:—at higher rates than their white counterparts. Populations experiencing mental illnesses, especially after a natural disaster, is not uncommon. African-Americans, however, “had approximately two-fold greater odds of screening positive for PTSD” after Hurricane Katrina than white people. It is deduced that African-Americans exhibit PTSD at higher frequencies than white people because they “were more likely to experience frequent mental distress.” For example, African-Americans “report more negative events and chronic stressors–witnessing violence, receiving bad news, death events, lifetime major discrimination, daily discrimination–than whites, which negatively affects their mental health.” African-Americans “are more segregated than any other racial/ethnic group in the United States, and racial segregation is associated with poorer quality housing and neighborhoods that have limited resources to enhance health and well-being.” Another study found that “Black race was associated with greater symptom severity” of PTSD than other races. It is known that, “Minority status itself has been shown to increase the risk of PTSD after trauma, though this effect may be largely because of differential exposure to poverty and violence.” Additionally, the “largely Black population of New Orleans bore a disproportionately heavy burden of pre disaster chronic disease complicated by inadequate health care access.” 1191: 546:, subject to cost sharing principles, some of which were waived by later legislation. The local municipalities were charged with maintenance once the projects were completed. After 1965, the corps built a levee system around a much larger geographic footprint that included previous marshland and swamp. Many new subdivisions were developed to cater to those who preferred a more suburban lifestyle but were open to remaining within the city limits of New Orleans. Historians question why the area farthest east was developed, since it was viable wetlands and because ringing this region with levees did nothing significant toward protecting the city. What expansion accomplished was to increase the amount of land that could be developed, and it was a reason for the Army Corps to expand the size of its project. In addition the structures caused 1492:

task, as engineering units. The number of people at the convention center continued to grow over the next three days by some estimates to as many as 20,000 people. Reasons for arriving included being sent to the convention center from the overwhelmed Superdome, being dropped off there by rescuers, or hearing about the convention center as a shelter via word of mouth. No checking for weapons was done among the crowd as was done at the Superdome, and a large store of alcohol kept at the Convention Center was looted. Reports of robberies, murder, and rapes began to surface, in particular that a 14-year-old girl had been raped and that seven dead bodies were lying on the third floor. In general, those who died, regardless of cause of death, were not moved or removed and were left to decompose.

609:(OPP), to have insufficient funding for proper equipment and emergency planning. Along with the law enforcement, the city’s district attorney’s office had very little funding as well. Each prosecutor was only paid $ 30,000 starting off and the public defenders only $ 29,000. These public defenders’ income came from the traffic tickets and court fees of the city residents. These earnings were oftentimes very inconsistent, in turn causing these low wages. New Orleans only had 30 public defenders to handle all of its cases annually. In the days leading up to the storm, the lack of preparation at Orleans Parish Prison caused the overlooking of evacuation plans. This absence of preparation later led to the suffering of its prisoners during one of America’s most damaging hurricanes. 1684: 1340: 774: 1001: 1934: 1048:, which included flooding and corroded roller-coaster tracks, the theme park eventually became abandoned and was not repaired because it would be too expensive and the park was not very profitable. Several reopening or reparation proposals have been planned, but none of them were successful in following through. Although the theme park remains standing as of 2023, reports suggest that it will be demolished in the following years. In August 2024, Bayou Phoenix announced that the park will be demolished beginning in September of 2024. 1075: 962: 1438:, one of the largest structures in the city, to wait out the storm or to await further evacuation. Many others made their way to the Superdome on their own, hoping to find food, water, shelter, or transport out of town. As Katrina passed over New Orleans on August 29, it ripped two holes in the Superdome roof. The area outside the Superdome was flooded to a depth of 3 feet (0.91 m), with a possibility of 7 feet (2.1 m) if the area equalized with Lake Pontchartrain. On the evening of August 30, Maj. Gen. 1730: 1592: 1696:

local and other federal authorities to feed, process and transport evacuees to other accommodations; the division’s soldiers helped evacuate 6,000 New Orleans residents. By September 18, the 82nd Division medical personnel had treated 1,352 people and given 2,047 immunizations, according to unit documents. By September 19, 82nd Division military engineers had cleared 185 city blocks of debris, cleared 113 streets, and removed 218 trees, according to unit documents.

1063: 1187:. On September 4, Mayor Nagin speculated that the death toll could rise as high as ten thousand after the clean-up was completed. Some survivors and evacuees reported seeing bodies lying in city streets and floating in still-flooded sections, especially in the east of the city. The advanced state of decomposition of many corpses, some of which were left in the water or sun for days before being collected, hindered efforts by coroners to identify many of the dead. 1171: 1227: 1447:

100 were reported to have died in the Superdome, with most deaths resulting from heat exhaustion, but other reported incidents included an accused rapist who was beaten to death by a crowd and an apparent suicide. The reports appear to have been exaggerated: the final official death toll in the Superdome came to six people inside (4 of natural causes, one overdose, and an apparent suicide) and a few more in the general area outside the stadium.

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were not yet out of gas had long lines. Nagin first called for a voluntary evacuation of the city at 5:00 p.m. on August 27 and subsequently ordered a citywide mandatory evacuation at 9:30 a.m. on August 28, the first such order in the city’s history. In a live news conference, Mayor Nagin predicted that “the storm surge most likely will topple our levee system”, and warned that oil production in the Gulf of Mexico would be shut down.

1427: 877: 1285:. In the aftermath, a tourist asked a police officer for assistance, and got the response, “Go to hell, it's every man for himself.” Also, one-third of New Orleans police officers deserted the city in the days before the storm, many of them escaping in their department-owned patrol cars. This added to the chaos by stretching law enforcement thin. Several NOPD officers were arrested weeks after Katrina for suspicion of vehicle theft. 173: 37: 5531: 1324: 1620:, Texas. Houston agreed to shelter an additional 25,000 evacuees beyond those admitted to the Astrodome, including one “renegade bus” that was commandeered by private citizen Jabbar Gibson, who had been released on bond from the Orleans Parish Prison just days before the storm hit, and had a previous criminal conviction. By September 1, the Astrodome was declared full and could not accept any more evacuees. The 1270: 503: 370: 1539: 1419: 629: 356: 1853:

methods of transporting goods, the economy of New Orleans has been in a steady decline. As a result, New Orleans came to rely on three major industries for economic revenue: transportation, entertainment, and public services. However, after Katrina’s landfall, these sectors, including the overall economy, were reduced and heavily affected by the natural disaster.

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city. Eviction efforts escalated three days later when door-to-door searches were conducted to advise remaining residents to leave the city. Despite this, a number of residents defied the eviction order. While initially lax in enforcing evictions, National Guard troops eventually began to remove residents by force.

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About 175,000 Black residents departed New Orleans over the year following the storm, while only 100,000 returned, pushing the African American population to 59 percent, from 66 percent previously. The biggest impact has been on Black middle-class people, given that most Black professionals are older

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terminus, enabling New Orleans to profit from these ecological industries. Furthermore, by increasing the wetlands, it would help create a natural barrier that could aid New Orleans in future storms. It is estimated that if New Orleans was to restore 1,700 square miles (4,400 km) of wetland lost

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Among the many hospitals shut down by damage related to the hurricane was the public hospital serving New Orleans, Charity Hospital, which was also the only trauma center serving that region. The destruction of the hospital’s structure has forced the continued closure as funding for a new building is

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arrived in New Orleans September 3. The flooding was a challenge for the paratroopers when they first arrived. The division had just four boats at the time, however, the division quickly started getting Coast Guard, Navy and Marine assets placed under their control. Army Maj. Gen. William B. Caldwell

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Charity Hospital had most of its windows blown out and suffered damage to lights and ceiling tiles as a result of the strong winds caused by Katrina. Later that day, floodwaters began to fill up the building, which caused the main generators to fail, so the hospital staff decided to evacuate everyone

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Some initial reports of crime and mass chaos, particularly in stories about the Superdome, were later found to be exaggerated or rumors. In the Superdome, for example, the New Orleans sex crimes unit investigated every report of rape or atrocity and found only two verifiable incidents, both of sexual

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reported that 2,500 evacuees were still at the Superdome. However, by evening, eleven hours after evacuation efforts began, the Superdome held 10,000 more people than it did at dawn. Evacuees from across the city swelled the crowd to about 30,000, believing the arena was the best place to get a ride

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of convention center employees at this time) addressed the crowd near dark, informing them that there was no food, water, medical care, or other services. By late on the evening of the 29th, the convention center had been broken into, and evacuees began occupying the inside of the convention center.

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was quoted as saying, “It was supposed to be a bus stop where they dropped people off for transportation. The problem was, the transportation never came.” By the afternoon of the 29th, the crowd had grown to about 1,000 people. The convention center’s president (who was there with a small group

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people under one roof, with no running water, no electricity and no information, stories get told.” Based on these reports, government officials expected hundreds of dead to be found in the Superdome, but instead found only six dead: four natural deaths, one drug overdose, and one suicide. In a case

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Civil disturbances in post-Hurricane Katrina were consistent with all existing research on disaster sociology, which concludes that “ widespread looting a myth”, and were vastly overstated by the media, ultimately fueling a climate of suspicion and paranoia which greatly hampered rescue efforts and

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There were reports of snipers taking potshots at rescue helicopters; these were false. Reports of gangs roving the city shooting police officers and survivors were also false, as only one policeman was shot in the aftermath of Katrina and no indictments were brought forward against the supposed gang

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The extensive flooding stranded many residents who were forced to stay in place long after Hurricane Katrina had passed. Those stranded survivors dotted the tops of houses citywide. Some were trapped inside attics and unable to escape. Many people chopped their way onto their roofs with hatchets and

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Although Mayor Ray Nagin ordered a mandatory evacuation of the city, many people refused to leave or were unable to do so. In Plaquemines Parish, an official described those staying behind as “gambling with their own lives.” Reasons were numerous, including a belief that their homes or the buildings

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predicting catastrophic damage to New Orleans and the surrounding region. Anticipated effects included, at the very least, the partial destruction of half of the well-constructed houses in the city, severe damage to most industrial buildings, rendering them inoperable, the “total destruction” of all

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Following Katrina, many said that the hurricane had a greater impact on Black and less economically privileged people than it had on predominantly white and wealthier people. “The city’s remarkable recovery has, to a troubling degree, left behind the African-Americans who still make up the majority

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In the first initial months following Katrina, the labor force reduced faster than the demand and unemployment rates skyrocketed. However, as of September 2006, the unemployment rates have never fallen below the national average, indicating improvement. In the second quarters of both 2005 and 2007,

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During Hurricane Katrina, Orleans Parish Prison housed a total of 7,100 inmates. There were inmates who were serving weekend time due to public intoxication all the way to convicted murderers. There were many inmates who just began their sentences when Katrina hit the city. After the hurricane made

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from several states were activated to aid the National Guard in sheltering the large number of refugees leaving Louisiana and assist in other disaster recovery operations. On September 30, the New Orleans Police Department confirmed that 12 police officers were participating in looting and property

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called for 8/29 Commission to investigate both the engineering and decision-making behind the collapse of a flood protection system that should have held against Katrina’s storm surge and the Southeast Louisiana Flood Protection Authority-East, which oversees the region’s levees, backed the call in

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On Monday, August 29, 2005, the eye of Hurricane Katrina passed east of the city, subjecting it to hurricane wind conditions, but sparing New Orleans of the worst impact. The city seemed to have escaped most of the catastrophic wind damage and heavy rain that had been predicted. Most buildings held

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Many New Orleans residents took precautions to secure their homes and prepare for possible evacuation on Friday the 26th and Saturday the 27th. On August 27 the state of Louisiana was declared an emergency area by the Federal Government, and by mid-morning of that day, many local gas stations which

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were built on fill to bring them above the average lake level. Navigable commercial waterways extended from the lake into the interior of the city to promote waterborne commerce. After the construction of the Inner Harbor Navigation Canal in 1940, the state closed these waterways causing the town’s

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Population density, lack of food and facilities, and structural damage led to increasingly squalid conditions for survivors. The situation inside the building was described as chaotic; reports of rampant drug use, fights, rapes, and filthy living conditions were widespread. At the time, as many as

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Law enforcement constructed the necessary offices of a police station in the general areas of the bus station, which included the offices of the District Attorney and the Justice Department. Camp Greyhound did have several issues with police records due to flooding, and prisoners who had committed

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After the hurricane, the labor force diminished and wages decreased by staggering amounts. In July 2005, 9,592 people applied for unemployment services and the payroll of metropolitan firms declined by 13.6% between July 2005 and July 2007, indicating an estimated loss of 70,000 jobs. The sectors

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also charged the paratroopers to straighten out the evacuation situations at the New Orleans Airport, the Convention Center and the Superdome. In all, 3,600 of the division’s paratroopers were deployed to New Orleans to participate in Task Force All-American. The unit worked in tandem with state,

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Some concern over the availability and readiness of the Louisiana National Guard to help stabilize the security situation was raised. Guardsman Lieutenant Colonel Pete had commented that “dozens of high water vehicles, humvees, refuelers, and generators were abroad.” At the time of the hurricane,

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In a June 2006 report on the disaster, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers admitted that faulty design specifications, incomplete sections, and substandard construction of levee segments, contributed to the damage done to New Orleans by Hurricane Katrina. A report released by the American Society of

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On August 29, 2005, the flood walls and levees catastrophically failed throughout the metro area. Many collapsed well below design thresholds (e.g., 17th Street and London Canals). Others (like the Industrial Canal) collapsed after a brief period of overtopping caused “scouring” or erosion of the

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Before Katrina’s landfall in 2005, the economy of New Orleans relied heavily on its usefulness and income derived from being a port city. The population grew and the economy peaked in the late 19th century. However, in the recent years, after rapid industrialization and the development of faster

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Hospital indicated that people were dying of dehydration and exhaustion while the staff worked constantly in horrendous conditions. The first floor of the hospital flooded and the dead were stacked in a second floor operating room. Patients requiring ventilators were kept alive with hand-powered

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On September 6, Mayor Ray Nagin ordered a forced evacuation of everyone from the city who was not involved in clean up work, citing safety and health concerns. The order was given not only as an attempt to restore law and order but also out of concern about the hazardous living conditions in the

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A contingent of 250 National Guard engineering units occupied one part of the convention center beginning August 30 and remained there until September 1, at times barricaded in their location. The units were never given orders to control the crowd, and were not expected to be prepared for such a

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breached in two places, on the upper side just back from Robert E. Lee Boulevard, and on the lower side a block in from the Mirabeau Avenue Bridge. Flooding from the breaches put the majority of the city under water for days, and in many places for weeks. Many roads and buildings were damaged by

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sustained significant damage as well. It had most of its windows blown out and suffered ceiling tile and light fixture damage from the strong winds caused by Katrina. Later that day, rising floodwaters began to fill up the building, which caused the main generators to fail, so the hospital staff

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reported New Orleans was experiencing widespread flooding due to breaches of several Army Corps-built levees, was without power, and experienced several instances of catastrophic damage in residential and business areas. Entire neighborhoods on the south shore of Lake Pontchartrain were flooded.

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The influence of Black people in the city receded politically, too: in 2010 New Orleans elected its first white mayor in 32 years, a white majority (5–2) took control of the City Council, which had previously been Black, and a white police chief and district attorney were elected. Lance Hill of

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On September 3, some 42,000 evacuees were evacuated from New Orleans, including those remaining in the Superdome and Convention Center. Efforts turned to the hundreds of people still trapped in area hotels, hospitals, schools and private homes. During the evacuation, one person was killed and 7

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It was also predicted that the standing water caused by the storm surge would render most of the city uninhabitable for weeks and that the destruction of oil and petrochemical refineries in the surrounding area would spill waste into the floodwaters. The resulting mess would coat every surface,

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Prior to Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans’ law enforcement was in disarray. It was inundated with corruption from higher-up officials and had underpaid officers manning the streets. This enforcement lacked the trust of its citizens and failed to keep police brutality rates low. The city’s lack of

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Between 80 and 90 percent of the residents of New Orleans were evacuated before the hurricane struck, testifying to some of the success of the evacuation measures. Despite this, not enough attention was paid to those without a car, credit cards, road experience or family living out of town. The

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By September 1, the facility, like the Superdome, was completely overwhelmed and declared unsafe and unsanitary. However, even though there were thousands of people who were evacuating at the center, along with network newscasters, pleading desperately for help on CNN, FOX, and other broadcast

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had been blown out, and many other high rise buildings nearby also had extensive window damage. The Hyatt was the most severely damaged hotel in the city, with beds reported to be flying out of the windows. Insulation tubes were exposed as the hotel’s glass exterior was completely sheared off.

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center was set up at the airport. A steady stream of helicopters and ambulances brought in the elderly, sick, and injured. Baggage equipment was used as gurneys to transport people from the flight line to the hospital, which was set up in the airport terminal. The scene could be described as,

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was closed before the storm but reported no flooding in airplane movement areas or inside of the terminal itself. By August 30, it was reopened to humanitarian and rescue operations. Commercial cargo flights resumed on September 10, and commercial passenger service resumed on September 13.

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wood-framed low-rise apartment buildings, all windows blowing out in high-rise office buildings, and the creation of a huge debris field of trees, telephone poles, cars, and collapsed buildings. Lack of clean water was predicted to “make human suffering incredible by modern standards.”

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was the only local station to remain on the air during and after the storm, broadcasting from Baton Rouge. Broadcasting and publishing on the Internet became an important means of distributing information to evacuees and the rest of the world, with news networks citing blogs like

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By the time Hurricane Katrina came ashore early the next morning, Mayor Nagin estimated that approximately one million people had fled the city and its surrounding suburbs. By the evening of August 28, over 100,000 people remained in the city, with 20,000 taking shelter at the

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When authorized, the flood control design and construction were projected to take 13 years to complete. When Katrina made landfall in 2005, the project was between 60 and 90% complete with a projected date of completion estimated for 2015, nearly 50 years after authorization.

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A sizable contingent of National Guard arrived on September 2 to establish order and provide essential provisions, and on September 3, buses began arriving at the convention center to pick up the refugees there. The Convention Center was completely evacuated by September 4.

442:. The failures of levees and flood walls during Katrina are considered by experts to be the worst engineering disaster in the history of the United States. By August 31, 2005, 80% of New Orleans was flooded, with some parts under 15 feet (4.6 m) of water. The famous 762:, telling him that some levees in the greater New Orleans area could be overtopped. Later, Mr. Mayfield would tell Brian Williams with NBC Nightly News that he went to bed that night believing he had done what he could. On Sunday, he made a video call to U.S. President 1466:

Although the Superdome suffered damage by water and wind to the overall interior and exterior structures, as well as interior damage from human waste and trash, the facility was repaired at a cost of US$ 185 million and was ready for games by the autumn of 2006.

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breached in over fifty locations. Additionally, the levees were built on soil that vary in compression and consolidation rates. Therefore, it is difficult to systematically predict subsidence of the ground under the levees. Storm surge breached the levees of the

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system which experts agree should have protected the city’s inhabitants from Katrina’s surge. Katrina has also stimulated significant research in the academic community into urban planning, real estate finance, and economic issues in the wake of a catastrophe.

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was a temporary prison that housed more than 200 suspected looters in New Orleans until they could be transferred to other institutions. With room for 700 prisoners, the facility was guarded by officers from one of the United States’ toughest prisons, the

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in which they planned to stay offered sufficient protection, lack of financial resources or access to transportation, or a feeling of obligation to protect their property. These reasons were complicated by the fact that an evacuation the previous year for

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before 2005, the natural capital would be worth an estimated $ 6 billion/year, or $ 200 billion at the present value. While New Orleans has made numerous efforts in rebuilding their economy, and has been successful with tourist-attracting events such as

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On August 31, as flood waters continued to rise, Governor Blanco ordered that all of New Orleans, including the Superdome, be evacuated. Governor Blanco sent 68 school buses to transport the evacuating people. FEMA announced that, in conjunction with

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Many reported instances of “looting” were in fact stranded survivors scavenging necessary supplies such as food, water, clothing, and shelter. Some instances of looting were later found out to have been carried out by a small number of NOPD officers.

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argued that the depletion of personnel and equipment did not impact the ability of the Guard to perform its mission—rather, impassable roads and flooded areas were the major factors impeding the Guardsmen from securing the situation in New Orleans.

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By 11:00 p.m. August 29, Mayor Nagin described the loss of life as “significant” with reports of bodies floating on the water throughout the city, primarily in the eastern portions. Some hotels and hospitals reported diesel fuel shortages. The

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On August 29, as people were being turned away at the Superdome and rescues continued, rescuers began dropping people off at the Convention Center, which, at 8 feet (2 m) above sea level, easily escaped the flood. Captain M.A. Pfeiffer of the

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Expected to last only two days, the evacuation of remaining evacuees proved more difficult than rescue organizations anticipated as transportation convoys struggled with damaged infrastructure and a growing number of evacuees. On September 3, the

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of the Louisiana National Guard said that the number of people taking shelter in the Superdome had risen to around 15,000 to 20,000 as search and rescue teams brought more people to the Superdome from areas hard-hit by the flooding.

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IV, the 82nd’s commanding general, noted: “We eventually became the 82nd ‘Waterborne’ Division,” the general said, “and that really was our forte” during search-and-rescue and security missions in flooded sections of the city.

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Coordination of rescue efforts in the aftermath of Katrina was difficult because of the disruption of the communications infrastructure. Cellular service and the Internet were inoperable because of line damages, destruction of

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had resulted in gridlocked traffic for six to ten hours. The fact that Katrina occurred at the end of the month before pay checks were in the hands of many was also significant. A “refuge of last resort” was designated at the

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most affected were service-related industries, fluctuating with the population. The only sector to truly thrive after landfall was construction, which was in high demand to make needed repairs and rebuild destroyed homes.

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minor infractions were kept in the same areas as those with more serious allegations. The facility was run on backup generators and outdated fingerprinting methods were used, which added to the confusion of the facility.

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Before Hurricane Katrina, the murder rate in New Orleans was ten times higher than the U.S. average. After the situation in New Orleans was brought under control, criminal activity in New Orleans dropped significantly.

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against the levees and possibly into the city. It was also forecast that the storm surge in Lake Pontchartrain would reach 14–18 feet (4.3–5.5 m), with waves reaching 7 feet (2.1 m) above the storm surge.

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ordered a mandatory evacuation of all those remaining in New Orleans. Relief organizations scrambled to locate suitable areas for relocating evacuees on a large scale. Many people in the Superdome were bussed to

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Preliminary reports indicate that the official death toll, according to the Louisiana Department of Health, was 1,464 people. The first deaths were reported shortly before midnight on August 28, 2005, as three

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By September 1, 6,500 National Guard troops had arrived in New Orleans, and on September 2 Blanco requested a total of 40,000 for assistance in evacuation and security efforts in Louisiana. In addition, the

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declaring that “New Orleans is a disaster waiting to happen” in October 2001. However, even the most insistent calls from officials to evacuate ahead of Katrina did not warn that the levees could breach.

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The eye of Hurricane Katrina was forecast to pass through the city of New Orleans. In that event, the wind was predicted to come from the north as the storm passed, forcing large volumes of water from

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helicopters to Baton Rouge. The remaining persons were evacuated the next day at about 3 pm. Eight people had died. Reports stated that some people were so desperate for food and water that they used

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Costanza, Robert, et al., “A New Vision for New Orleans and the Mississippi Delta: Applying Ecological Economics and Ecological Engineering,” ‘Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment’ 4 (2006): 470

1390:. The station’s bus terminals were converted into chain-link prison cells that could hold up to fifteen prisoners each. These prisoners were kept in conditions that included a portable toilet and 758:, did something he had done only once before. He called the governors of Alabama, Louisiana, and Mississippi to warn them of the severity of the coming storm. He issued a special warning to Mayor 3950: 2180: 1556: 868:(Meals ready to eat) and bottled water were available at the Superdome, Nagin told survivors to bring blankets and enough food for several days, warning that it would not be a comfortable place. 646: 848:. Beginning at noon on August 28 and running for several hours, city buses were redeployed to shuttle local residents from 12 pickup points throughout the city to the “shelters of last resort.” 5173: 573:

parishes lie at or above sea level, with the highest neighborhoods at 10–12 feet (3.0–3.7 m) above mean sea level. Forty nine percent lies below sea level, in places to equivalent depths.

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on August 29, 2005, winds downtown were in the Category 1 range with frequent intense gusts. The storm surge caused approximately 23 breaches in the drainage canal and navigational canal

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provided tactical and emergency communications and handled health-and-welfare enquiries. By September 4, a temporary communications hub was set up at the Hyatt Hotel in downtown New Orleans.

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Lauren Barsky, Joseph Trainor, Manuel Torres, “Disaster Realities in the Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina:Revisiting the Looting Myth”, Disaster Research Center, University of Delaware, 2006

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bridge over the Mississippi River were turned back at gunpoint by City of Gretna Police, along with Crescent City Connection Police and Jefferson Parish Sheriff’s deputies, who set up a

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The aftermath of Hurricane Katrina was characterized by extensive reporting of looting, violence, murder and rape. While some criminal acts did occur, such as the emptying of an entire

4853: 4319: 2037:"Testimony Before the Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development, Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives: Lake Pontchartrain and Vicinity Hurricane Protection Project" 4907: 1037:

decided to evacuate everyone to the auditorium. Conditions in the auditorium began to deteriorate, so on September 1, the first 100 medically ill patients were taken by helicopter to

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was used to house and support some of those who were unable to evacuate. Television shots frequently focused on the Superdome as a symbol of the flooding occurring in New Orleans.

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to the auditorium. Conditions in the auditorium began to deteriorate, so everyone was evacuated to the roof. On September 1, the first 100 medically ill patients were taken on

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to further aid New Orleans’s economy. One such proposal is to avoid rebuilding on flooded lands, instead restoring acres of wetlands to profit from the economic wealth. The

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The Superdome sustained significant damage, including two sections of the waterproof membrane on the roof that were peeled off by the wind. On August 30, Louisiana Governor

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sledge hammers, which Mayor Nagin had urged residents to store in their attics in case of such events. Clean water was unavailable, and power outages lasted for weeks.

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Later studies determined that most of New Orleans’ Katrina deaths were elderly persons living near levee breaches in the Lower Ninth Ward and Lakeview neighborhoods.

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converting the city into a toxic marsh until water could be drained. Some experts said that it could take six months or longer to pump all the water out of the city.

929:

All local television stations were disrupted. Local television stations and newspapers moved quickly to sister locations in nearby cities. New Orleans CBS-affiliate

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Kotey, Phyllis (2009). "Judging under Disaster: The Effect of Hurricane Katrina on the Criminal Justice System". In Levitt, Jeremy I.; Whitaker, Matthew C. (eds.).

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the firms’ wages were increased by 21%, twice more than national increases, indicating even further improvement, although the gains were varied across the sectors.

1683: 1339: 1210:. Body collection throughout the city began on approximately September 9. Prior to that date, the locations of corpses were recorded, but most were not retrieved. 4668: 4372: 2546: 2295: 1479:

suffered a loss of water access and electricity, and one of its convention halls had a large hole in its ceiling. The center was otherwise only lightly damaged.

2201:

John A. Kilpatrick and Sofia Dermisi, “The Aftermath of Katrina: Recommendations for Real Estate Research”, ‘’Journal of Real Estate Literature’’, Spring, 2007.

1970: 864:, because it was estimated to be able to withstand winds of up to 200 miles per hour (320 km/h) and water levels of 35 feet (11 m). While supplies of 255: 5375: 4522: 773: 4689: 4095: 3575: 5602: 5485: 2977: 310: 199: 3527: 3001: 693: 5574: 3341: 1057: 250: 4152: 3942: 2859: 2168: 665: 5157: 3920: 4579: 3075: 1266:

was sentenced to 10 years in prison for shooting three black men who were trying to flee the area in the aftermath of Katrina. He died shortly after.

5204:"Racial Differences in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Vulnerability Following Hurricane Katrina Among a Sample of Adult Ever Smokers from New Orleans" 3497: 3652: 3778: 2764: 2109: 672: 5202:

Alexander, Adam C.; Ali, Jeanelle; McDevitt-Murphy, Meghan E.; Forde, David R.; Stockton, Michelle; Read, Mary; Ward, Kenneth D. (February 2017).

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In response to the increase in criminal activity in New Orleans, makeshift prisons were constructed to house prisoners for short periods of time.

1915:

Tulane University said: “The perception among most African-Americans is that they are living politically as a defeated group in their own city.”

1740:

There was a concern that the prolonged flooding would lead to an outbreak of health problems for those who remained in the city. In addition to

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A Failure of Initiative: Final Report of the Select Bipartisan Committee to Investigate the Preparation for and Response to Hurricane Katrina

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suffered severe damage; 473 spans were separated from their supports and 64 spans dropped into the lake. The 24-mile (39 km) long

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of the entire United States. It has prompted a Congressional review of the Army Corps of Engineers and the failure of portions of the

204: 4884: 2631: 1911:. These newcomers have had the effect of driving up housing prices, making rent less affordable for the majority of Black residents. 5597: 5446: 4999: 2839: 2333: 2076: 1621: 1578: 712: 478: 401: 305: 3686: 3109: 2689: 1825: 1821: 1146:

Civil Engineers in June 2007 concluded that two-thirds of the flooding in the city could have been avoided if the levees had held.

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failed in several places because they were built with sand and erodible materials instead of clay, an obvious construction flaw.

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ordered the complete evacuation of the remaining people that sought shelter in the Superdome. They were then transported to the

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both claimed that they had no knowledge of the usage of the Convention Center as a shelter until the afternoon of September 1.

1238:, many reports were also exaggerated, inflated, or simply fabricated. Several news organizations went on to issue retractions. 4261: 4472: 3896: 3858:"Joint Task Force California Press Accounts of the California State Military Forces' Response to Hurricanes Katrina and Rita" 3046: 1560: 1365:. With total personnel strength of 11,000, this meant that 27% of the Louisiana National Guard was abroad. However, both the 1033: 650: 180: 152: 5416: 5126: 973:

Most of the city’s major roads were damaged. The only route out of the city was east to the West Bank of New Orleans on the

2606: 5643: 5584: 5480: 5319: 4423: 2924: 1985: 1282: 1119: 1000: 828: 812: 808: 570: 554: 539: 486: 285: 194: 4935:"Moving Hospitalized Children All Over the Southeast: Interstate Transfer of Pediatric Patients During Hurricane Katrina" 3367: 3131: 2135: 1636:, Texas also agreed to house 25,000 refugees, initiating relocation efforts in vacant office buildings on the grounds of 686: 5046:

Vigdor, Jacob, “The Economic Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina,” ‘The Journal of Economic Perspectives’ 22 (2008): 135–138.

4665: 4369: 3198: 2899: 1829: 1813: 1328: 910: 857: 832: 820: 482: 447: 359: 5023:"Escape from New Orleans: A pediatrician's diary - Stanford Medicine Magazine - Stanford University School of Medicine" 4240: 3002:

https://www.axios.com/local/new-orleans/2024/08/29/six-flags-theme-park-abandoned-katrina-demolition-starting-september

2287: 2245: 2036: 1648:, Texas was also mobilized to house incoming evacuees, and smaller shelters were established in towns across Texas and 5335: 2358: 986: 824: 566: 374: 5085:

Vigdor, Jacob, “The Economic Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina,” ‘The Journal of Economic Perspectives’ 22 (2008): 149.

5067:

Vigdor, Jacob, “The Economic Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina,” ‘The Journal of Economic Perspectives’ 22 (2008): 148.

5058:

Vigdor, Jacob, “The Economic Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina,” ‘The Journal of Economic Perspectives’ 22 (2008): 141.

1307:(late August 2005), displaced and dehydrated survivors who attempted to escape from New Orleans by walking over the 5638: 5381:"Hurricane Katrina: The Catastrophe that Uncovered America's Race and Class Issues" from Tulane University Graduate 5369: 5076:

Vigdor, Jacob, “The Economic Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina,” ‘The Journal of Economic Perspective’ 22 (2008): 149.

3695: 3481:

Jim Dwyer and Christopher Drew, “After Katrina, crimes of the imagination”, The New York Times, September 29, 2009

1083: 593: 4025: 1784:“organized chaos”, but efficient. By September 3, the situation started to stabilize. Up to 5,000 people had been 1549: 1198:

There were six deaths confirmed at the Superdome. Four of these were from natural causes, one was the result of a

639: 4087: 2741: 1881:, the natural capital provided could further assist the city in returning to its pre-Katrina wealth and economy. 1518: 1259:

of reported sniper fire, the “sniper” turned out to be the relief valve of a gas tank popping every few minutes.

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The first television pictures out of New Orleans shown on national TV were from Houston’s ABC owned and operated

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Evacuation efforts were hastened on September 2 by the wider dispersal of evacuees among newly opened shelters.

892:

Hurricane Katrina made its second and third landfalls in the Gulf Coast region on Monday, August 29, 2005, as a

73: 3904: 3420: 2417: 2368:. Vol. 10, no. 3. Chicago, Illinois: American Bar Association Division for Legal Services. p. 31 1939: 1661: 1308: 1074: 974: 923: 734: 77: 5405:‘’’, critical 26min. video compilation of cable news coverage as Katrina makes landfall – by Cultural Farming. 5314: 3807: 3724: 3338: 3224: 2543: 1817: 5391: 4144: 4118: 3917: 3390: 2867: 992:

On August 29, at about 7:30 a.m. CDT, it was reported that most of the windows on the north side of the

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nearby were all opened to house additional evacuees. By September 2, the Reliant Center had 3,000 evacuees.

1206:. At the Convention Center, four bodies were recovered. One of these four is believed to be the result of a 961: 4690:"Summaries of 400 Testimonials From Inmates Incarcerated at Orleans Parish Prison During Hurricane Katrina" 3494: 1174:

A U.S. Coast Guard aircrew searches for survivors in New Orleans during the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina.

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was breached on the lower (New Orleans West End) side inland from the Old Hammond Highway Bridge, and the

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was reopened to allow flights related to relief efforts, and began to load evacuees onto planes as well.

1303:

on the West Bank of the Mississippi River received considerable press coverage when, in the aftermath of

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Hospital evacuations continued from other area hospitals that were flooded or damaged. Reports from the

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Satellite photos of New Orleans taken in March 2004, then on August 31, 2005, after the levee failures.

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in September 1998 galvanized some scientists, engineers and politicians into collective planning, with

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flood wall. These breaches caused the majority of the flooding, according to a June 2007 report by the

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large number of educated white arrivals, contributing to a high rate of business formation in the city

888:

in October 2005. Residents were allowed in to examine and salvage from their property during daylight.

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of up to 8 feet (2.4 m) in some areas due to the consolidation of the underlying organic soils.

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which, among other issues, gave authority for design and construction of the flood protection in the

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brought concerns regarding flooding from hurricanes to the forefront. That year, Congress passed the

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Flooded I-10/I-610 interchange and surrounding area of northwest New Orleans and Metairie, Louisiana

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assault. The department head told reporters, “I think it was an urban myth. Any time you put 25,000

1138: 1115: 966: 853: 845: 792: 583: 471: 459: 142: 4286: 1062: 5385: 4972: 4736: 4604: 4548: 3928: 3505: 3252:"Preliminary Summary Report of Hurricane Katrina Deceased Victim Recovery Locations in Louisiana" 2889: 2520: 2491: 2395: 1990: 1904:

and more advanced in their careers, and the majority of the affluent and middle class are white.

1096: 982: 935: 726: 523: 4444: 3997: 3434:"We Went into the Mall and Began 'Looting'":A Letter on Race, Class, and Surviving the Hurricane 2952: 803:

Many neighboring areas and parishes also called for evacuations. By mid-afternoon, officials in

3832: 3069:"Performance Evaluation of the New Orleans and Southeast Louisiana Hurricane Protection System" 1708:. Opelousas Police lieutenant Dwain Grimmett said the bus driver lost control on dry pavement. 1230:

A fire raging in a downtown business at 329 Tchoupitoulas Street on the morning of September 2.

1170: 5469: 5425: 5287: 5233: 5165: 4964: 4956: 4773: 4724: 4340: 2835: 2640: 2339: 2329: 1869: 1460: 1304: 1300: 1294: 1226: 1131: 1122:, which left approximately 80% of New Orleans flooded. There were three major breaches at the 1108: 861: 578: 519: 466:. The flood disaster halted oil production and refining which increased oil prices worldwide. 451: 415: 164: 4641: 4617: 1343:

U.S. Army Infantry on patrol in New Orleans in an area previously underwater, September 2005.

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MISSISSIPPI BURNING: Pollution hell as fires, explosions and oil spills follow the hurricane

3602:"Man dies days after being sentenced for racist, post-Hurricane Katrina shooting in Algiers" 3433: 2794: 1692: 1501: 1497: 1426: 1274: 1127: 1123: 1100: 885: 787: 777: 507: 455: 387: 5424:. The Long War Occasional Paper. Fort Leavenworth, Kansas: Combat Studies Institute Press. 5350: 4792: 3167: 2655: 2570: 876: 5530: 5360: 4876: 4672: 4648: 4624: 4504: 4451: 4427: 4376: 4347: 4268: 4244: 4216: 4074: 4070: 4029: 3924: 3900: 3634: 3501: 3460: 3440: 3345: 3050: 2959: 2635: 2628: 2577: 2550: 2437: 1897: 1865: 1773: 1608: 1452: 1158: 1126:; one on the upper side near the junction with MR-GO, and two on the lower side along the 1019: 767: 531: 511: 450:

escaped flooding because those areas are above sea level. The major breaches included the

172: 106: 36: 3101: 2213:"Above Sea Level New Orleans: The Residential Capacity of Orleans Parish's Higher Ground" 2069: 3699: 2681: 5395: 5282: 5257: 5228: 5203: 4817: 4327: 4272: 3729: 2555: 2486: 2359:"One Year Later: Right to Counsel Still Elusive for Indigent Defendants in New Orleans" 2014: 1918:

After Hurricane Katrina, many African-Americans suffered from mental illnesses—such as

1908: 1745: 1625: 1459:, the 25,000 people at the Superdome would be relocated across state lines to the 1382: 1332: 1323: 840: 763: 443: 4992:"Children's Hospital Faces Hurricane Katrina: Five Years After the Storm - RACmonitor" 3972: 3868: 3756: 3013: 2455: 2246:"Army Corps of Engineers Lake Pontchartrain and Vicinity Hurricane Protection Project" 561:

and found that 51% of the terrestrial surface of the contiguous urbanized portions of

5627: 4497: 4209: 3453: 3349: 3283: 2928: 2921: 2719: 1761: 1705: 1701: 1641: 1629: 1456: 1263: 1199: 943: 434:, responsibility for the design and construction of the city’s levees belongs to the 102: 4976: 1872:

provides the United States with one of the largest fisheries and the most important

1603:

On August 31, a public health emergency was declared for the entire Gulf Coast, and

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troops. The Superdome had been used as a shelter in the past, such as during 1998’s

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Baldwin, Steve; Robinson, Andria; Barlow, Pam; Fargason, Crayton A. (May 1, 2006).

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Displaced people bringing their belongings and lining up to get into the Superdome.

1370: 1269: 1180: 502: 5411:. Yale Collection of Western Americana, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library. 4769: 3576:"New Orleans Man Gets 10 Years In Prison For Race-Motivated Post-Katrina Shooting" 3043: 913:

began setting up temporary morgues in select locations to accommodate the bodies.

4721:

Men's Career Development and Marriage Timing During a Period of Rising Inequality

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Four Years After Katrina, New Orleans Still Struggling to Recover from the Storm

3550:"White Man Sentenced to 10 Years for Shooting Black Men After Hurricane Katrina" 2599:"Leaving New Orleans: Social Stratification, Networks, and Hurricane Evacuation" 2598: 1749: 1741: 1656:

also opened various shelters and state parks throughout the state for evacuees.

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others injured when the bus in which they were heading to Texas overturned on

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Additional acts of unrest occurred following the storm, particularly with the

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An aerial view of the flooding in part of the Central Business District. The

605:

organization caused the New Orleans Police Department (NOPD) and its prison,

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Chicago Tribune article on Katrina's destructive impact on jazz memorabilia

5291: 5237: 4968: 355: 3520:"Four years on, Katrina remains cursed by rumour, cliche, lies and racism" 2218:. Center for Bioenvironmental Research at Tulane and Xavier Universities. 1907:

These setbacks to the Black population in New Orleans corresponded with a

1157:

committee hearings in November 2005. In 2006, the group Levees.org led by

4793:"Book Review: Disease and Democracy: The Industrialised World Faces AIDS" 4248: 4220: 4176:"Camp Greyhound — New Orleans bus station serving as make-shift [ 4175: 4033: 3787: 3318: 3313: 3054: 1653: 1649: 1637: 1362: 1207: 363: 4549:"CNN.com - Patients finally rescued from Charity Hospital - Sep 3, 2005" 3943:"Katrina's Forgotten Responders: State Defense Forces Play a Vital Role" 2288:"Insistent Appeals to Evacuate Did Not Warn That the Levees Could Break" 969:

is at the center where many people stayed through the course of Katrina.

5345: 4022: 1769: 1753: 1617: 1563: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1235: 1203: 1027: 950: 5372:

documentary spotlighting firearm seizures following Hurricane Katrina.

5158:"Why New Orleans's Black Residents Are Still Underwater After Katrina" 3132:"The New Orleans Hurricane Protection System: What Went Wrong and Why" 2136:"The New Orleans Hurricane Protection System: What Went Wrong and Why" 1041:. The remaining persons were evacuated at about 3:00 pm the next day. 953:

which flew its helicopter to New Orleans in the days after the storm.

2328:. Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press. pp. 122–125. 1873: 1785: 1780: 1645: 930: 5438: 5380: 2001:

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers civil works controversies (New Orleans)

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sent helicopters, fixed wing aircraft, ambulances, and personnel to

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However, the city’s levee and flood walls designed and built by the

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Web Archives.’’ September 11, 2005. Retrieved on November 24, 2006.

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Rescue teams evacuating residents from flooded areas on August 30.

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Multiple children’s hospitals around the United States including

4578:

Lezon, Dale; Khanna, Roma; Horswell, Cindy (September 3, 2005).

4431: 3225:"Levee authority backs national '8/29 Commission' investigation" 2388:"Hurricane Katrina Preparations-Contra Flow Begins at 4 pm" 2103:"New Orleans, Hurricane Katrina, and the Soul of the Profession" 1919: 1844:

in order to help evacuate pediatric patients from the hospital.

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Mills, Mary Alice; Edmondson, Donald; Park, Crystal L. (2007).

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The disaster had major implications for a large segment of the

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NFL, at Saints' urging, kicks in $ 20 million for dome repairs

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Interagency Performance Evaluation Task Force (June 1, 2006).

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Effects of Hurricane Katrina in the Southeastern United States

1532: 1391: 896:. Later that day, area affiliates of local television station 622: 592:

earthen levee walls. In eastern New Orleans, levees along the

5308:

Levees.Org (non-profit flood protection group in New Orleans)

5258:"Trauma and Stress Response Among Hurricane Katrina Evacuees" 3941:

Carafano, James Jay; Brinkerhoff, John R. (October 5, 2005).

2516:"Mandatory Evacuation Ordered for New Orleans as Storm Nears" 1091:(MR‑GO) in approximately 20 places and flooded all of 835:

parishes had called for voluntary or mandatory evacuations.”

2932: 2169:"Evacuation Planning and Engineering for Hurricane Katrina" 1599:, being helped by the US Air National Guard on September 3. 989:

escaped unscathed but was only carrying emergency traffic.

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New Orleans was settled on a natural high ground along the

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Rosenblatt, Susannah; Rainey, James (September 27, 2005).

2514:

Hauserand, Christine; Lueck, Thomas J. (August 28, 2008).

3973:"Witnesses: New Orleans cops took Rolex watches, jewelry" 3653:"New Orleans' Thin Blue Line Stretched to Breaking Point" 1891:

Criticism of the government response to Hurricane Katrina

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There have been some suggestions concerning the usage of

5327: : New Orleans’ unique vulnerability to hurricanes. 5307: 2831:

Hurricane Katrina: Performance of Transportation Systems

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approximately 3,000 members of the Guard were serving a

522:. Later developments that eventually extended to nearby 438:

and responsibility for their maintenance belongs to the

5388:, by Dorothy Moye, ‘’Southern Spaces’’, August 26, 2009 4473:"The Military moves in to aid Survivors, Restore Order" 4383:.’’ September 15, 2005. Retrieved on November 24, 2006. 3641:.’’ September 3, 2005. Retrieved on September 20, 2006. 3454:

Witnesses: New Orleans cops took Rolex watches, jewelry

5346:

Sexual Assault During and After Hurricane Katrina 2005

5127:"Katrina Washed Away New Orleans's Black Middle Class" 4421:

40 Rapes Reported in Hurricane Katrina, Rita Aftermath

3725:"Police in Suburbs Blocked Evacuees, Witnesses Report" 2718:. Associated Press. September 16, 2004. Archived from 1408:

Effect of Hurricane Katrina on the Louisiana Superdome

1295:

Gretna, Louisiana § Hurricane Katrina controversy

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Imagining New Orleans Oral History Project Collection

2860:"The Pulitzer Prize Winners 2006: The Times-Picayune" 2141:. American Society of Civil Engineers. Archived from 1414:

Effect of Hurricane Katrina on the New Orleans Saints

3826:"After Katrina: 184 Infantry Soldiers to the Rescue" 3489: 3487: 3257:. LSU Hurricane Public Health Center. Archived from 3174:. American Geosciences Institute. February 8, 2006. 553:

A 1999–2001 study, led by Richard Campanella of the

4605:

Airborne Division Becomes Waterborne in New Orleans

4523:"Trapped hospital workers kept most patients alive" 4370:

It Was as if All of Us Were Already Pronounced Dead

4364: 4362: 4360: 4358: 4356: 2134:Christine A. Anderson; et al. (June 1, 2007). 1315:on the bridge in the days following the hurricane. 1130:, between Florida Avenue and Claiborne Avenue. The 653:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 138: 126: 118: 113: 92: 84: 61: 53: 46: 5418:Army Support During the Hurricane Katrina Disaster 5105: 5103: 4603:Gerry J. Gilmore, American Forces Press Service. “ 4445:More Stories Emerge of Rapes in Post-Katrina Chaos 2629:City had evacuation plan but strayed from strategy 2431:Special Report: Vulnerable Cities: New Orleans, LA 2251:. Government Accountability Office. Archived from 2042:. Government Accountability Office. Archived from 1250:further worsened the conditions of the survivors. 1044:Because of the extensive damage Katrina caused to 41:Katrina after landfall in New Orleans on August 29 5336:Independent Levee Investigation Team Draft Report 4287:"Astrodome to become new home for storm refugees" 3314:"New Orleans begins collecting Katrina's victims" 2485:Nossiter, Adam; Dewan, Shaila (August 30, 2008). 1948:Disaster Recovery Personal Protection Act of 2006 1788:and fewer than 200 remained at the medical unit. 1733:Sick and injured people being evacuated aboard a 1012:Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport 754:On Saturday night, Max Mayfield, director of the 4395:"It reminds me of Baghdad in the worst of times" 5208:Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities 4618:House-to-house rescues under way in New Orleans 4088:"'Camp Greyhound' home to 220 looting suspects" 3102:"Army Corps Admits Flaws in New Orleans Levees" 2742:"Pre-Landfall Preparation and Katrina's Impact" 2325:Hurricane Katrina: America's Unnatural Disaster 1430:Damage to the Superdome as a result of Katrina. 942:for reports of what was happening in the city. 600:History of New Orleans’ law enforcement offices 5341:Orleans Parish Prison Before and After Katrina 4719:N., Oppenheimer, V.K. Kalmijn, M. Lim (1997). 3391:"Katrina Takes a Toll on Truth, News Accuracy" 1107:breaches in the city included breaches at the 1007:still flooded 2 weeks after the levee failures 5454: 5315:Photos taken of Hurricane Katrina's aftermath 4846:"Gauging the health crisis in Katrina's wake" 2070:"Levees' Weakness Well-Known Before Breaches" 1971:Memorial Medical Center and Hurricane Katrina 1748:, there was also potential for the spread of 662:"Effects of Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans" 395: 8: 5093: 5091: 4741:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 4580:"Troops arrive; Superdome evacuation halted" 3918:Police and Owners Begin to Challenge Looters 3831:. The Spectrum, October 2005. Archived from 3779:""The Bridge to Gretna" story from CBS News 3495:Fear Exceeded Crime's Reality in New Orleans 3014:"New Study Maps Rate of New Orleans Sinking" 2953:New Orleans outlook bleak; 100 dead in Miss. 2487:"Mayor Orders the Evacuation of New Orleans" 2317: 2315: 2313: 29: 4145:"'Camp Greyhound' outpost of law and order" 4119:"'Camp Greyhound' outpost of law and order" 3998:"Witnesses: New Orleans cops among looters" 3894:Explosions Fill New Orleans Sky With Smoke. 3333: 3331: 3329: 2420:/New Orleans, Louisiana.’’ August 28, 2005. 1691:Task Force Katrina Commander Army Lt. Gen. 1151:Hurricane Protection Project of New Orleans 5461: 5447: 5439: 5054: 5052: 4064:What Happened to the Gangs of New Orleans? 3339:Reports of anarchy at Superdome overstated 2656:"New Orleans braces for monster hurricane" 1058:2005 levee failures in Greater New Orleans 733:On August 28, at 10:00 a.m. CDT, the 402: 388: 171: 160: 35: 28: 18:Effect of Hurricane Katrina on New Orleans 5281: 5227: 4950: 4816: 3168:"Summary of Hearing on Hurricane Katrina" 2744:. A Failure of Initiative. pp. 73–74 1579:Learn how and when to remove this message 737:(NWS) field office in New Orleans issued 713:Learn how and when to remove this message 241:Effects in the Southeastern United States 5386:"The X-Codes: A Post-Katrina Postscript" 4908:"New Orleans left to the dead and dying" 4210:Governor: Evac Superdome, Rescue Centers 3199:"Group Wants 9-11-Style Panel on Levees" 2795:"Silverman, Steve. "Hurricane Heroics." 2571:New Orleans braces for monster hurricane 5331:U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Levee Maps 4791:Ruger, Jennifer P. (October 22, 2005). 4521:Freemantle, Tony (September 18, 2005). 4471:Kleinfield, N. R. (September 3, 2005). 3370:from the original on September 24, 2017 3364:"NOPD Looting a Wal-Mart After Katrina" 3290:. Associated Press. September 5, 2005. 3284:"New Orleans Mayor: 10,000 Feared Dead" 2922:New Orleans Airport To Reopen This Week 2027: 334: 318: 297: 212: 186: 163: 5251: 5249: 5247: 5197: 5195: 5193: 5191: 5121: 5119: 5117: 5115: 4856:from the original on November 14, 2006 4734: 3953:from the original on December 25, 2014 3808:"Katrina aftermath still roils Gretna" 3530:from the original on September 7, 2013 2809:from the original on November 23, 2011 2692:from the original on February 13, 2007 2183:from the original on November 14, 2011 2115:from the original on November 21, 2015 2082:from the original on February 14, 2016 1388:Louisiana State Penitentiary at Angola 1277:disabled by the flooding from Katrina. 1183:patients died during an evacuation to 5320:Video, aftermath of Hurricane Katrina 4906:Breed, Allen G. (September 4, 2005). 4700:from the original on January 25, 2019 4666:Troops Escalate Urgency of Evacuation 4573: 4571: 4569: 4466: 4464: 4155:from the original on October 21, 2013 3916:Barringer, Felicity; Longman, Jere. “ 3865:California Military State Publication 2828:Reginald DesRoches, PhD, ed. (2006). 2286:Rosenthal, Sandy (October 11, 2011). 1670:Louis Armstrong International Airport 1194:Successful rescue of a pregnant woman 619:Hurricane preparedness in New Orleans 544:United States Army Corps of Engineers 436:United States Army Corps of Engineers 7: 5176:from the original on January 1, 2016 4990:Landry, Brian T. (August 30, 2010). 4875:Hogue, Cherly (September 19, 2005). 4393:Borger, Julian (September 3, 2005). 4368:Haygood, Wil and Tyson, Ann Scott. “ 4143:Johnson, Kevin (September 8, 2014). 4117:Johnson, Kevin (September 8, 2005). 4047:Why did help take so long to arrive? 3223:Schleifstein, Mark (June 19, 2008). 2597:Fussell, Elizabeth (June 11, 2006). 2276:Fischetti, Mark (October 2001), p.70 1561:adding citations to reliable sources 651:adding citations to reliable sources 343: 4664:Dwyer, Timothy; Tyson, Ann Scott. “ 4045:Berger, Julian; Campbell, Duncan. “ 3518:Solnit, Rebecca (August 26, 2009). 3337:Thevenot, Brian; Russell, Gordon. “ 3139:American Society of Civil Engineers 2712:"Louisiana Superdome Turns Shelter" 2609:from the original on August 8, 2007 2357:Vagenas, Georgia N. (Summer 2006). 2298:from the original on March 17, 2017 2068:McQuaid, John (September 2, 2005). 1089:Mississippi River-Gulf Outlet Canal 464:American Society of Civil Engineers 5543:Southeastern United States effects 5137:from the original on April 1, 2016 4910:. Associated Press. Archived from 4887:from the original on July 24, 2008 4642:New Orleans will force evacuations 3423:‘’, Chapter V, Penguin Books, 2009 3401:from the original on July 12, 2012 3197:Burdeau, Cain (February 5, 2005). 3178:from the original on March 4, 2016 3081:from the original on March 6, 2016 3044:Fixing New Orleans' thin gray line 3024:from the original on July 17, 2017 2466:from the original on April 6, 2007 2225:from the original on March 4, 2016 2101:Seed, Raymond (October 30, 2007). 2035:Mittal, Anu (September 28, 2005). 1477:Ernest N. Morial Convention Center 1475:Because of Hurricane Katrina, the 1394:, but excluded a mattress or cot. 795:while used as housing for victims. 770:about the intensity of the storm. 530:In 1965, heavy flooding caused by 527:water table to lower drastically. 25: 5262:American Journal of Public Health 4844:Vince, Gaia (September 6, 2005). 4825:from the original on May 20, 2006 4498:The big disconnect on New Orleans 4350:.” ‘’KCEN-TV.’’ January 31, 2006. 4285:Frank, Thomas (August 31, 2005). 4238:Britons describe hurricane ordeal 4174:Abrams, Dan (September 8, 2005). 3806:Howard Witt (September 4, 2008). 3294:from the original on May 16, 2008 3112:from the original on May 20, 2015 2976:Santana, Rebecca (July 5, 2019). 2682:"'Desperate SOS' for New Orleans" 2662:from the original on May 17, 2008 2456:"Big relief effort meets Katrina" 2394:. August 27, 2005. Archived from 1896:of its population,” according to 1622:George R. Brown Convention Center 5529: 5511:Criticism of government response 5156:Rivlin, Gary (August 18, 2015). 4756:"Looking Back, Moving Forward". 4297:from the original on May 8, 2008 4190:from the original on May 8, 2014 4098:from the original on May 8, 2014 3651:Litke, Jim (September 4, 2005). 3493:Dwyer, Jim; Drew, Christopher. “ 3074:. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 2454:Axtman, Kris (August 30, 2005). 1932: 1537: 1500:and Homeland Security Secretary 1262:In February 2019, a resident of 1153:was the subject of at least two 627: 491:federally built flood protection 368: 354: 342: 231:Criticism of government response 4486:– via The New York Times. 3867:. December 2005. Archived from 3362:Mike Murphy (August 20, 2009). 3100:Schwartz, John (June 1, 2006). 2769:The Center for Public Integrity 2444:.’’ Accessed on April 30, 2006. 1958:Great Mississippi Flood of 1927 1548:needs additional citations for 638:needs additional citations for 4694:American Civil Liberties Union 4607:.”Retrieved on July 18, 2008. 4529:. Mike Tolson and Leigh Hopper 4317:Update on Superdome Evacuation 3141:. June 4, 2007. Archived from 2890:"Hurricane Damages Gulf Coast" 2763:Sanders, Tony (October 2006). 1826:Cook Children's Medical Center 1822:Le Bonheur Children's Hospital 181:2005 Atlantic hurricane season 153:2005 Atlantic hurricane season 1: 4770:10.1111/puar.2007.67.issue-s1 4262:School buses used to evacuate 3698:. p. 241. Archived from 2460:The Christian Science Monitor 2392:St. Tammany Parish Government 1986:Reconstruction of New Orleans 1779:On September 2, an emergency 1471:New Orleans Convention Center 1434:Evacuees were brought to the 1283:New Orleans Police Department 1120:Inner Harbor Navigation Canal 957:Damage to buildings and roads 555:Tulane School of Architecture 540:New Orleans metropolitan area 5634:Effects of Hurricane Katrina 4758:Public Administration Review 4315:Anderson, Ed; Moller, Jan. “ 4077:‘’ magazine.’’ May 22, 2006. 2900:The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer 1830:Children's Mercy Kansas City 1810:Arkansas Children's Hospital 1329:United States National Guard 88:125 mph (205 km/h) 5325:NOVA scienceNOW: Hurricanes 4945:(Supplement 4): S416–S420. 4671:September 15, 2017, at the 4023:A Hurricane of Consequences 3783:program, December 18, 2005" 2834:. Reston, VA: ASCE, TCLEE. 2211:Richard Campanella (2007). 1640:, a former air force base. 987:Lake Pontchartrain Causeway 5660: 5415:Wombell, James A. (2009). 5370:National Rifle Association 4426:December 29, 2005, at the 4375:December 28, 2016, at the 3696:Government Printing Office 2938:November 21, 2001, at the 1888: 1455:, the National Guard, and 1411: 1405: 1319:Re-establishing governance 1292: 1118:, and the wide, navigable 1084:US Army Corps of Engineers 1055: 616: 594:Gulf Intracoastal Waterway 63:Category 3 major hurricane 5593: 5538: 5527: 5476: 5359:October 25, 2006, at the 5220:10.1007/s40615-015-0206-8 4881:American Chemical Society 4623:February 8, 2006, at the 4267:October 12, 2005, at the 4215:October 21, 2012, at the 3923:February 8, 2012, at the 3899:January 12, 2016, at the 3459:January 16, 2014, at the 3344:October 23, 2005, at the 2603:Understanding-Katrina.org 2549:October 21, 2005, at the 2524:. New York City, New York 2495:. New York City, New York 1814:Texas Children's Hospital 1519:Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk 1335:outside of the Superdome. 994:Hyatt Regency New Orleans 756:National Hurricane Center 536:Flood Control Act of 1965 432:Flood Control Act of 1965 148: 68: 34: 5496:New Orleans preparations 5274:10.2105/AJPH.2006.086678 4809:10.1136/bmj.331.7522.970 4346:August 24, 2007, at the 3421:A Paradise Built in Hell 3231:. New Orleans, Louisiana 3049:October 1, 2006, at the 2658:. CNN. August 29, 2005. 2418:National Weather Service 1940:Tropical cyclones portal 1662:Texas Air National Guard 1309:Crescent City Connection 975:Crescent City Connection 735:National Weather Service 613:Pre-Katrina preparations 130:$ 70 billion (2005 4952:10.1542/peds.2006-0099O 4450:March 14, 2018, at the 4243:March 27, 2008, at the 3633:April 27, 2009, at the 3508:.’’ September 29, 2005. 3500:March 22, 2015, at the 3352:.’’ September 26, 2005. 2634:March 14, 2007, at the 2436:April 27, 2006, at the 2167:Wolshon, Brian (2006). 981:traveling east towards 917:Communications failures 256:Memorial Medical Center 5603:International response 5580:Infrastructural repair 5486:Meteorological history 5268:(Suppl 1): S116–S123. 4679:.’’ September 9, 2005. 4655:.’’ September 7, 2005. 4647:June 15, 2006, at the 4631:.’’ September 5, 2005. 4511:.’’ September 2, 2005. 4503:March 9, 2006, at the 4458:.’’ December 21, 2005. 4434:.’’ December 23, 2005. 4322:November 12, 2005, at 4275:.’’ September 1, 2005. 4251:.’’ September 6, 2005. 4069:June 15, 2006, at the 4053:.’’ September 3, 2005. 4036:.’’ September 4, 2005. 3931:.’’ September 1, 2005. 3907:.’’ September 2, 2005. 3683:United States Congress 3439:June 17, 2013, at the 2958:June 27, 2009, at the 2866:. 2006. Archived from 2075:. The Times-Picayune. 1964:Hurricane on the Bayou 1737: 1688: 1677:82nd Airborne Division 1600: 1595:Hurricane evacuees in 1525:to receive nutrients. 1431: 1423: 1344: 1336: 1278: 1231: 1195: 1175: 1079: 1071:up well structurally. 1067: 1008: 970: 889: 796: 515: 440:Orleans Levee District 311:International response 281:Infrastructure repairs 246:Effects in New Orleans 200:Meteorological history 48:Meteorological history 5021:Gardner, Jay (2006). 4764:. December 12, 2007. 4456:National Public Radio 4094:. September 9, 2005. 4028:May 15, 2006, at the 3795:on December 20, 2005. 3685:(February 19, 2006). 3463:, September 25, 2005 3443:, September 5, 2005, 2688:. September 2, 2005. 2576:May 17, 2008, at the 2007:When the Levees Broke 1996:Six Flags New Orleans 1834:Tulane Medical Center 1818:Children's of Alabama 1732: 1716:Orleans Parish Prison 1686: 1594: 1440:Bennett C. Landreneau 1429: 1421: 1392:military issued meals 1350:Louisiana State Guard 1342: 1326: 1293:Further information: 1272: 1229: 1193: 1173: 1077: 1065: 1046:Six Flags New Orleans 1005:Six Flags New Orleans 1003: 979:I-10 Twin Span Bridge 964: 879: 778:Carnival Cruise Ships 776: 607:Orleans Parish Prison 510:of New Orleans after 505: 430:. As mandated in the 5644:2000s in New Orleans 5394:– video report by ‘’ 4914:on December 31, 2006 4330:.’’ August 31, 2005. 4227:‘’. August 30, 2005. 4092:The Washington Times 3838:on December 26, 2013 3759:on November 25, 2005 3733:. September 10, 2005 3378:– via YouTube. 3322:. September 8, 2005. 3264:on November 14, 2014 3203:The Associated Press 3057:.’’ October 4, 2005. 2982:The Daily Advertiser 2966:.’’ August 30, 2005. 2870:on February 12, 2008 2765:"Belo Corp. Profile" 2398:on December 30, 2006 2258:on February 28, 2016 2148:on November 26, 2007 1976:New Orleans diaspora 1804:Pediatric evacuation 1796:resuscitation bags. 1735:C-17 Globemaster III 1557:improve this article 1363:tour of duty in Iraq 1354:state defense forces 1093:Saint Bernard Parish 894:Category 3 hurricane 647:improve this article 418:passed southeast of 351:at Wikimedia Commons 93:Lowest pressure 5558:New Orleans Hornets 5553:Louisiana Superdome 5133:. August 24, 2015. 5002:on November 1, 2020 4677:The Washington Post 4381:The Washington Post 3608:. February 27, 2019 3582:. February 14, 2019 3556:. February 14, 2019 2940:Library of Congress 2805:. January 4, 2009. 2442:The Weather Channel 2244:Anu Mittal (2005). 1981:Posse Comitatus Act 1597:Metairie, Louisiana 1523:intravenous therapy 1496:outlets, FEMA head 1149:The failure of the 1142:Hurricane Katrina. 1139:London Avenue Canal 1116:London Avenue Canal 1095:, the east bank of 854:Louisiana Superdome 846:Louisiana Superdome 793:Port of New Orleans 584:Scientific American 472:Louisiana Superdome 460:London Avenue Canal 261:New Orleans Hornets 143:Greater New Orleans 31: 5563:New Orleans Saints 5354:essay on the flood 5162:The New York Times 4996:www.racmonitor.com 3929:The New York Times 3874:on October 1, 2015 3694:. Washington, DC: 3655:. m/ officer.com ( 3506:The New York Times 3419:Rebecca Solnit, ‘’ 3250:Ezra Boyd (2006). 3229:The Times-Picayune 3106:The New York Times 2927:July 21, 2012, at 2645:September 8, 2005. 2521:The New York Times 2492:The New York Times 2292:huffingtonpost.com 2108:. Correspondence. 1991:Seabrook Floodgate 1885:Racial disparities 1738: 1689: 1601: 1529:Evacuation efforts 1432: 1424: 1345: 1337: 1289:Gretna controversy 1279: 1232: 1222:Civil disturbances 1196: 1176: 1097:Plaquemines Parish 1080: 1068: 1009: 971: 890: 880:Checkpoint in the 797: 727:Lake Pontchartrain 524:Lake Pontchartrain 516: 266:New Orleans Saints 85:Highest winds 70:1-minute sustained 5639:2005 in Louisiana 5621: 5620: 5568:Tulane University 5506:Political effects 5470:Hurricane Katrina 5431:978-0-9801236-9-2 4062:Ripley, Amanda. “ 4021:Zunes, Stephen. “ 3892:Breen, Allen G. “ 3753:"March to Gretna" 3705:on March 26, 2009 3659:). Archived from 3432:Peter Berkowitz, 3395:Los Angeles Times 3042:Murphy, Verity. “ 2902:. August 29, 2005 2848:on March 3, 2014. 2641:Houston Chronicle 2544:Katrina Takes Aim 1870:Mississippi Delta 1589: 1588: 1581: 1461:Houston Astrodome 1305:Hurricane Katrina 1132:17th Street Canal 1109:17th Street Canal 1099:and the historic 862:Hurricane Georges 856:, along with 300 723: 722: 715: 697: 579:Hurricane Georges 520:Mississippi River 452:17th Street Canal 416:Hurricane Katrina 414:As the center of 412: 411: 373:Works related to 349:Hurricane Katrina 347:Media related to 276:Tulane University 226:Political effects 165:Hurricane Katrina 159: 158: 30:Hurricane Katrina 16:(Redirected from 5651: 5533: 5501:Economic effects 5491:Tornado outbreak 5463: 5456: 5449: 5440: 5435: 5423: 5366:GiveThemBack.com 5296: 5295: 5285: 5253: 5242: 5241: 5231: 5199: 5186: 5185: 5183: 5181: 5153: 5147: 5146: 5144: 5142: 5123: 5110: 5107: 5098: 5095: 5086: 5083: 5077: 5074: 5068: 5065: 5059: 5056: 5047: 5044: 5038: 5037: 5035: 5033: 5018: 5012: 5011: 5009: 5007: 4998:. 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5657: 5655: 5647: 5646: 5641: 5636: 5626: 5625: 5619: 5618: 5616: 5615: 5610: 5608:Media coverage 5605: 5600: 5594: 5591: 5590: 5588: 5587: 5585:Reconstruction 5582: 5577: 5575:Levee failures 5572: 5571: 5570: 5565: 5560: 5555: 5550: 5539: 5536: 5535: 5528: 5526: 5524: 5523: 5521:Social effects 5518: 5513: 5508: 5503: 5498: 5493: 5488: 5483: 5477: 5474: 5473: 5468: 5466: 5465: 5458: 5451: 5443: 5437: 5436: 5430: 5412: 5406: 5399: 5396:Democracy Now! 5389: 5383: 5378: 5373: 5363: 5348: 5343: 5338: 5333: 5328: 5322: 5317: 5311: 5310: 5303: 5302:External links 5300: 5298: 5297: 5243: 5187: 5148: 5111: 5109:DETAILS OF REF 5099: 5087: 5078: 5069: 5060: 5048: 5039: 5013: 4982: 4925: 4898: 4867: 4836: 4783: 4748: 4711: 4681: 4657: 4633: 4609: 4596: 4565: 4540: 4513: 4489: 4460: 4436: 4412: 4385: 4352: 4332: 4328:Times-Picayune 4308: 4277: 4273:Times-Picayune 4253: 4229: 4201: 4166: 4135: 4109: 4079: 4055: 4038: 4014: 3989: 3964: 3933: 3909: 3885: 3849: 3817: 3798: 3770: 3744: 3730:New York Times 3716: 3674: 3643: 3626:Parry, Ryan. “ 3619: 3593: 3567: 3554:New York Times 3541: 3510: 3483: 3474: 3465: 3445: 3425: 3412: 3381: 3354: 3325: 3305: 3275: 3242: 3215: 3189: 3172:www.agiweb.org 3159: 3123: 3092: 3059: 3035: 3005: 2994: 2968: 2944: 2913: 2881: 2864:Pulitzer Board 2851: 2840: 2820: 2786: 2755: 2733: 2703: 2673: 2647: 2627:Olsen, Lise. “ 2620: 2589: 2562: 2556:Times-Picayune 2535: 2506: 2477: 2446: 2422: 2409: 2379: 2349: 2334: 2309: 2278: 2269: 2236: 2203: 2194: 2159: 2126: 2093: 2060: 2026: 2024: 2021: 2020: 2019: 2011: 2003: 1998: 1993: 1988: 1983: 1978: 1973: 1968: 1960: 1955: 1950: 1944: 1943: 1927: 1924: 1886: 1883: 1849: 1846: 1805: 1802: 1746:food poisoning 1726: 1725:Health effects 1723: 1717: 1714: 1626:Reliant Center 1587: 1586: 1545: 1543: 1536: 1530: 1527: 1513: 1510: 1472: 1469: 1406:Main article: 1403: 1400: 1383:Camp Greyhound 1333:Poydras Street 1320: 1317: 1290: 1287: 1223: 1220: 1218: 1215: 1167: 1164: 1056:Main article: 1053: 1052:Levee failures 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Bush 751: 748: 721: 720: 635: 633: 626: 617:Main article: 614: 611: 601: 598: 499: 496: 444:French Quarter 410: 409: 407: 406: 399: 392: 384: 381: 380: 379: 378: 366: 352: 337: 336: 335:External links 332: 331: 330: 329: 327:Media coverage 321: 320: 316: 315: 314: 313: 308: 300: 299: 295: 294: 293: 292: 291: 290: 289: 288: 286:Reconstruction 283: 278: 273: 268: 263: 258: 253: 251:Levee failures 238: 236:Social effects 233: 228: 223: 215: 214: 210: 209: 208: 207: 202: 197: 189: 188: 184: 183: 177: 176: 168: 167: 157: 156: 146: 145: 140: 139:Areas affected 136: 135: 128: 124: 123: 120: 116: 115: 111: 110: 105:); 27.17 94: 90: 89: 86: 82: 81: 66: 65: 59: 58: 55: 51: 50: 44: 43: 40: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5656: 5645: 5642: 5640: 5637: 5635: 5632: 5631: 5629: 5614: 5611: 5609: 5606: 5604: 5601: 5599: 5596: 5595: 5592: 5586: 5583: 5581: 5578: 5576: 5573: 5569: 5566: 5564: 5561: 5559: 5556: 5554: 5551: 5549: 5546: 5545: 5544: 5541: 5540: 5537: 5532: 5522: 5519: 5517: 5514: 5512: 5509: 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4868: 4855: 4851: 4850:New Scientist 4847: 4840: 4837: 4824: 4819: 4814: 4810: 4806: 4803:(7522): 970. 4802: 4798: 4794: 4787: 4784: 4779: 4775: 4771: 4767: 4763: 4759: 4752: 4749: 4744: 4738: 4730: 4726: 4722: 4715: 4712: 4699: 4695: 4691: 4685: 4682: 4678: 4674: 4670: 4667: 4661: 4658: 4654: 4650: 4646: 4643: 4637: 4634: 4630: 4626: 4622: 4619: 4613: 4610: 4606: 4600: 4597: 4585: 4581: 4574: 4572: 4570: 4566: 4554: 4550: 4544: 4541: 4528: 4524: 4517: 4514: 4510: 4506: 4502: 4499: 4493: 4490: 4478: 4474: 4467: 4465: 4461: 4457: 4453: 4449: 4446: 4440: 4437: 4433: 4429: 4425: 4422: 4416: 4413: 4400: 4396: 4389: 4386: 4382: 4378: 4374: 4371: 4365: 4363: 4361: 4359: 4357: 4353: 4349: 4345: 4342: 4336: 4333: 4329: 4325: 4321: 4318: 4312: 4309: 4296: 4292: 4288: 4281: 4278: 4274: 4270: 4266: 4263: 4257: 4254: 4250: 4246: 4242: 4239: 4233: 4230: 4226: 4222: 4218: 4214: 4211: 4205: 4202: 4189: 4185: 4181: 4179: 4170: 4167: 4154: 4150: 4146: 4139: 4136: 4124: 4120: 4113: 4110: 4097: 4093: 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1671: 1666: 1665:out of town. 1663: 1657: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1642:Reunion Arena 1639: 1635: 1631: 1630:Reliant Arena 1627: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1610: 1606: 1598: 1593: 1583: 1580: 1572: 1569:November 2020 1562: 1558: 1552: 1551: 1546:This section 1544: 1540: 1535: 1534: 1528: 1526: 1524: 1520: 1511: 1509: 1505: 1503: 1499: 1498:Michael Brown 1493: 1489: 1486: 1480: 1478: 1470: 1468: 1464: 1462: 1458: 1457:Houston Metro 1454: 1448: 1444: 1441: 1437: 1428: 1420: 1415: 1409: 1402:The Superdome 1401: 1399: 1395: 1393: 1389: 1384: 1379: 1375: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1358: 1355: 1351: 1341: 1334: 1330: 1325: 1318: 1316: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1296: 1288: 1286: 1284: 1276: 1271: 1267: 1265: 1264:Algiers Point 1260: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1237: 1228: 1221: 1216: 1214: 1211: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1200:drug overdose 1192: 1188: 1186: 1182: 1172: 1165: 1163: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1147: 1143: 1140: 1136: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1090: 1085: 1076: 1072: 1064: 1059: 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