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study from recent decades and encourage multidisciplinary research. As part of the project, biographies of Jewish physicians and healers who worked in
Islamic lands are being reconstructed with the aim of expanding knowledge about the medical and socio-economic systems that existed during the Genizah period.
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by various ethnic groups from ancient times until present day. Lev’s focus in these studies has been on the effect of medicinal plants on cancer patients in Israel during chemotherapy. This project has resulted in the publication of several articles in collaboration with researchers from different
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Another research project by Lev together with Amar investigated the impact of the medicinal substances that the Arabs introduced to the Middle East and Europe during the Middle Ages. Much of this trade was carried out by Jewish merchants at trading posts in India, Yemen, Egypt, Sicily, Syria, and
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Lev established the Centre for
Interdisciplinary Research of the Cairo Genizah at the University of Haifa, in collaboration with Dr. Moshe Lavee and served as its Director until recently. The Centre organizes lectures and exhibitions in Israel and around the world to publicize findings of Genizah
334:, lists of medicinal substances, letters, medical notebooks, and parts of medical texts) shed light on the population in the Mediterranean Basin in general and in Egypt in particular, especially between the 10-13th centuries. Those documents describe medical information and practical
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in the
Department of Land of Israel Studies and the Department of Life Sciences, and in 1987 he graduated with a bachelor's degree. He later completed advanced degrees at Bar-Ilan (M.Sc. in Biology and a PhD in Land of Israel studies). He completed his postdoctoral fellowship at the
192:, under the guidance of Prof. Roy Porter. Since 1999, Lev has been a lecturer at the University of Haifa. He served as a research fellow and spent long periods doing research at several institutions in Israel and abroad, such as the Taylor-Schechter Genizah Research Unit of
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brought from
England and the rest of Europe and the process by which the pioneering new methods replaced popular ones that were based on traditional medicine. As part of this study, the biographies of several prominent British physicians from this period were
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E. Lev, "Drugs Held and Sold by
Pharmacists of the Jewish Community of Medieval (11th -14th centuries) Cairo According to Lists of Materia Medica Found at the Taylor-Schechter Genizah Collection, Cambridge", Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2007),
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physicians who came on expeditions to the Holy Land to promote the health of local Jews and by doing so, influenced the development of modern medicine. This work focused mainly on modern medical techniques and
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E. Lev, "A Catalogue of the
Medical and Para-Medical Manuscripts in the Mosseri Genizah Collection, together with several unpublished examples (X.37; I.124.2)", Journal of Jewish Studies (2011), 62:121-145.
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In parallel with some of the above mentioned projects, Lev has taken part in research efforts in alternative supplemental medicine. In this area, he joined several research groups focusing on the use of
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E. Lev and M.E. Kislev, The
Subsistence and the Diet of the “Neanderthal” Man in Kebara Cave, Mt. Carmel, Tel Aviv: The Israeli Society for Protection of Nature and Yad Hanadiv. 1993. Hebrew. (63 pages).
151:. He also headed the Eshkol Department of Multi-Disciplinary Studies for special programs and undergraduate degrees in the University of Haifa’s Faculty of Humanities (2013-2018). Lev specializes in the
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Z. Amar and E. Lev, "The
Significance of the Genizah's Medical Documents for the Study of Medieval Mediterranean Trade", Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, (2007) 50:524-541.
212:. In 2013, he won the prestigious George Urdang Medal for pharmaco-historical writing. In 2017, he was awarded a medal and membership from the International Academy of the History of Pharmacy.
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E. Lev, “Legacies and
Prospects in Geniza Studies and the History of Medicine: Reconstruction of the Medical Bookshelf of Medieval (Jewish) Practitioners”, Jewish History (2019), 32, 559-562.
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are other areas in which Lev has focused. His research in the regions of Israel and Jordan in particular, examines the structure, use, and survival of theoretical and practical knowledge of
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dating back nearly 47,000-60,000 years ago. The variety of plant species discovered indicates the human vegetal diet of the period, which included primarily the eating of various types of
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E. Lev, "Healing with
Minerals and Inorganic Substances: A Review of Levantine Practice from the Middle Ages to the Present Day", International Geological Reviews (2010), 52:700-725.
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and pharmacology in the Middle Ages and the early modern period. Lev’s dual expertise in history and biology has allowed him to explore topics that are rarely researched together.
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G. Gambash, G. Bar-Oz, E. Lev, and U. Jeremais, “Bygone Fish: Rediscovering the Red-Sea as a Delicacy of Byzantine Negev Cuisine”, Near Easter Archeology (2019), 82(4): 216-225.
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E. Lev, “Mediators between Theoretical and Practical Medieval Knowledge: Medical Notebooks from the Cairo Genizah and their Significance” Medical History (2013) 57(4): 487-515.
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Another historical study conducted by Lev in collaboration with Dr. Yaron Perry from the University of Haifa’s Department of Israel Studies examined the introduction of modern
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E. Lev and L. Chipman, Medical Prescriptions in the Cambridge Genizah Collections: Practical Medicine and Pharmacology in Medieval Egypt, Leiden: Brill (2012) (187 A4 pages).
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E. Lev and Z. Amar, "Ethnopharmacological Survey of Traditional Drugs Sold in Israel at the End of the 20th Century", Journal of Ethnopharmacology, (2000) 72:191-205.
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from the Department of Land of Israel Studies and Archaeology at Bar-Ilan University documenting medicinal substances in the various markets in Israel and Jordan.
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Y. Perry and E. Lev, Modern Medicine in the Holy Land, Pioneering British Medical Services in Late Ottoman Palestine. London: I.B. Tauris, (2007) (260 pages).
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E. Lev, "Medieval Egyptian Judaeo-Arabic Prescriptions (and Edition of Three Medical Prescriptions)", Journal of Royal Asiatic Society (2008) 18(4): 449-464.
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to the Land of Israel in general, and to the Jewish population in Jerusalem in the 19th century in particular. This study examined the activities of British
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Z. Amar and E. Lev, Physicians, Drugs and Remedies in Jerusalem from the 10th-18th Centuries. Tel Aviv: Eretz publication, 2000. Hebrew. (320 pages).
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E. Lev, “Traditional Healing with Animals (Zootherapy): Medieval to Present-day Levantine Practice”, Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2003) 85:107-118.
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E. Lev and Z. Amar, Ethnic Medicinal Substances of the Land of Israel. Tel Aviv: Eretz and Jerusalem: Yerid-Hasefarim. 2002, Hebrew, (330 pages).
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An early study of Lev’s in 1993 conducted an archaeological reconstruction of human dietary and medicinal uses of natural plant resources in the
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E. Lev, M.E. Kislev and O. Bar-Yosef, “Mousterian Vegetal Food in Kebara Cave, Mt. Carmel”, Journal of Archeological Sciences (2005) 32:475-484.
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Medical Materials and Their Use During the Medieval Era in Israel and Syria, 1998, (365 pages), Hebrew, Department of Land of Israel Studies,
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Y. Perry and E. Lev, “The Medical Activities of the London Jews' Society in Nineteenth Century Palestine”, Medical History, (2003) 47:67-88.
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E. Lev and Z. Amar, "Practice Versus Theory: Medieval Materia Medica According to the Cairo Genizah", Medical History (2007) 51:507-526.
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A. Mazor, E. Lev, “Dynasties of Jewish Physicians in the Fatimid and Ayyubid Periods”, Hebrew Union College Annual (2019), 89: 225-265.
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E. Lev, "Reconstructed materia medica of the Medieval and Ottoman al-Sham”, Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2002) 80:167-179.
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Moshe Einhorn Prize for his book Medicinal Substances of the Medieval Levant and the Overseas Visiting Scholarship from
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139:(born 1958 in Israel) is a professor in the Department of Israel Studies and Dean of the Faculty of Humanities at the
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of that time, and allow a comparison with the theoretical knowledge we have from the physicians of that period.
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from prehistoric times until the present day. As part of his research in this area, Lev worked with Professor
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E. Lev, Medicinal Substances of the Medieval Levant. Tel Aviv: Eretz publication, 2002. Hebrew. (380 pages).
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Prof. Efraim Lev in front of the Ben Ezra Synagogue in Cairo, Egypt where the Genizah fragments were found
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Practical Materia Medica of the Medieval Eastern Mediterranean According to the Cairo Genizah
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Another study of his focused on natural curative substances used by the inhabitants of the
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Jewish Medical Practitioners in Medieval Muslim Territories: A Collective Biography
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At the beginning of 2010, Lev also participated in a study associated with the
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at the University of Haifa, and the Department of Humanities and Arts at the
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Around 2010, Lev began focusing on the study of various aspects of medieval
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even the North African countries that constitute the Maghreb region.
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Medicinal Substances in Jerusalem from Early Times to Present Day
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from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially
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Agricultural Research Organization - Volcani Center in Israel
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437:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press (2016) (290 pages).
591:"Center for Evaluation of Health Promotion Interventions"
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Arabian Drugs in Early Medieval Mediterranean Medicine
392:. Supervisors: Dr. Joseph Drori and Prof. Eran Dolev.
232:. As part of this area of study, he researched the
186:Wellcome Trust Center for the History of Medicine
252:. In his later research, Lev specialized in the
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326:based on a historic find discovered in the
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654:Academic staff of the University of Haifa
124:Learn how and when to remove this message
659:Fellows of St John's College, Cambridge
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149:Technion-Israel Institute of Technology
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566:"Winners of the George Urdang Medal"
330:. The Genizah documents he studied (
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379:Prominent scientific publications
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541:"Elijah-lab - Prof. Efraim Lev"
179:Prof. Lev began his studies at
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624:Efraim Lev on Google Scholar
449:Selected scientific articles
194:Cambridge University Library
31:biography of a living person
58:must be removed immediately
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649:Bar-Ilan University alumni
202:Tel Aviv-Yafo Municipality
190:University College London
163:, in particular from the
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423:E. Lev and Z. Amar,
296:traditional medicine
51:Contentious material
619:Efraim Lev on JSTOR
595:Genizah.haifa.ac.il
390:Bar-Ilan University
361:in the Middle East.
254:history of medicine
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169:early modern period
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141:University of Haifa
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