28:
575:, divided into two complementary parts, but where the Merseburger invokes a mythic event and calls for an exorcistic repetition, the Eggja composer seems to twice invoke a ritual, the first time listing two desired outcomes, in the second instance asking a question and answering it. Both inscriptions may represent some of the few remaining examples of pre-Christian
111:
496:, or simply divine will,) casts a wave upon the boat. Parts A2, A3 and B explains the fate of the deceased. As A2 asks how they will get to the land beyond, A3 replies that a divine creature in the shape of a fish will lead them to the land of shining meadows. Part B prays that the work of the one writing this will help.
98:
Many scholarly works have been written about the inscription, but only minor parts of the partially preserved inscription have received an accepted translation. It is generally agreed it is written in stylized poetry and in a partly metrical form containing a protection for the grave and the
300:"The man sprinkled this with corpse-sea (blood), with it he rubbed the tholes of the well drilled boat. As who came the army-god hither onto the land of warriors? A fish swimming out of the terrible stream, a bird screaming into the enemy band"
508:, and a kenning for the realm of the dead. Part C1 says that the inscription was done at night, and not by using steel. This probably pertains to ancient grave-rituals, but the exact meaning is unclear. C2 issues warning directed at
290:
The stone has been prepared in accordance with tradition; the stone is untouched by sunlight, and not cut with iron. It should not be uncovered during the waning moon, and should not be removed from its place.
492:
According to this interpretation, A1 is a description of a shipwreck in bad weather. The mast seems to have broken, and the oars could not save them, as a mythical creature, *Vil (possibly the sea-god
762:
749:
736:
286:"It is not touched by the sun and the stone is not scored by an knife. No man may lay bare, when the waning moon runs . Misguided men may not lay aside. "
312:); perhaps as part of a sacrifice to facilitate the passage of the deceased or call on whatever power the inscription is addressed to. The
127:(1985). Some of the individual characters are unclear, and other analyses may disagree with certain parts. (For example, Grønvik analyzed
874:
825:
102:
There is also the image of a horse carved into the stone, but it does not appear to have any connection with the inscription.
869:
99:
description of a funerary rite. However, there are widely diverging interpretations about certain details.
572:
597:'s songs Krigsgaldr and Hakkerskaldyr have lyrics from Grønvik's translation of the Eggja inscription.
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60:
345:(1985) offers a more prosaic interpretation. Panel 3 above is relegated to the middle, as part B:
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27:
79:
The Eggja stone was found with the written side downwards over a man's grave (cf. the
858:
585:, ritual verse chanted by the cult leaders, shamans or oracles of Norse Scandinavia.
88:
84:
80:
789:
83:) which is dated to the period 650–700 C.E. The flat slab of stone is nowadays in
806:
M. Olsen, 'Norges
Indskrifter med de ældre Runer' (Christiania), Vol. III, pt. 2.
775:
662:
509:
324:) who comes to the land of the living to take the deceased to an afterlife.
512:
and mad (or mentally ill) people to prevent them from desecrating the grave.
317:
840:
827:
711:
31:
Runic inscription on the Eggja stone (ca. 600–700 c.e) from
Sogndal, Norway.
17:
680:
123:
The following transcription mostly copies the graphic analysis provided by
87:. Having as many as 200 runes, it is the longest known inscription in the
64:
594:
305:
56:
48:
719:
68:
277:
Based on this reconstruction, the following translation is offered:
110:
581:
493:
109:
395:
Hjú þverr, hín varp násjó *Vill: máðe þeim keipa i bormóða húni.
321:
351:(hiu þwer) hin warp naseu wilʀ made þaim kaiba i bormoþa huni
407:
Gotna fiskr ór firney-ím, svimande foki af fán-vanga lande.
363:
gotna fiskʀ oʀ firnauim suwimade foki af (f)a(nwan)ga lande
260:
Fiskʀ óʀ f(ir)na uim suim(m)ande, fogl á f??????? galande.
250:
Hin(n) varp *náséo mannʀ, máðe þæim kæipa í bormóþa húni.
386:(Parenthesis denotes reconstructed or anticipated forms)
436:
The household wanes, *Vil threw a death wave over those
425:
ne víti maðr, nǫkðan es ná rinn, ne viltir menn, lægis!
381:
ni (witi) maʀ nakdan is na wrinʀ ni wiltiʀ manʀ lagi(s)
520:
Panel 2 has been suggested to contain a stanza in the
474:
Not has the sun seen, nor the sword shorn, this stone,
722:; the form used on modern official Norwegian maps is
460:
Swimming in the drift of the land of shining meadows.
571:The inscription loosely follows the pattern of the
441:The oarlocks wore out for, with the tired mast-top
55:that was ploughed up in 1917 on the farm Eggja in
91:, but certain runes are transitional towards the
790:"Heilung – Hakkerskaldyr Lyrics | Genius Lyrics"
776:"Heilung – Krigsgaldr Lyrics | Genius Lyrics"
389:The Old Norse equivalent is here said to be:
218:(1966) offered the following interpretation:
8:
500:is probably not a place name, but possibly
419:Ne's sólu sótt, ok ne sakse, stein skorinn;
304:Someone has stained this stone with blood (
561:A fish out of shocking wavering, swimming,
480:Do not seek who call forth the naked dead,
228:Ni's sólu sótt ok ni saxe stæin skorinn.
26:
699:
449:Who brought the horde to the land afar?
255:Huæaʀ of kam hæráss á hi á land gotna.
233:Ni (læggi) mannʀ nækðan, is niþ rinnʀ,
216:Die Runeninschriften im älteren Futhark
375:ni s solu sot uk ni sakse stain skorin
214:Wolfgang Krause and Herbert Jankuhn,
7:
455:The godly-fish from Firnøy’s streams
333:"Protection against the wrong-doer"
25:
710:"edge; mountain ridge" (compare
539:Fiskʀ óʀ f(ir)na-vim svim(m)ande,
485:Nor wildly men, this bed of rest!
114:Drawing of the entire inscription
51:catalog, is a grave stone with a
761:The Kieler Runenprojekt lists
748:The Kieler Runenprojekt lists
735:The Kieler Runenprojekt lists
1:
706:The toponym is the plural of
401:Hverr of kom her á hitt land?
357:huwaʀ ob kam harie a hit lat
320:god (i.e. an early form of
150:skorinni????mąʀnᴀkdąnisn?r?ʀ
47:), listed as N KJ101 in the
468:Be it of help, I work this.
316:is the "god of armies" - a
891:
651:Hu war opkam har a hit lot
624:Hu war opkam har a hit lot
566:a fowl, on f(...), crowing
556:here onto the land of men?
182:oʀf???ᴀuimsuwimądefokl?f?ą
737:10 suggested translations
688:Photograph of inscription
238:Ni viltiʀ mænnʀ læggi ax.
210:Krause and Jankuhn (1966)
177:kąmhᴀr??ąhiąlątgotnᴀfiskʀ
875:7th-century inscriptions
763:8 suggested translations
750:9 suggested translations
172:kᴀibᴀibormoþᴀhunihuwᴀʀob
167:hinwᴀrbnᴀseuwilʀmᴀdeþᴀim
145:nissolusotuknisᴀksestᴀin
573:Merseburg Incantations
551:Which harrier-god came
544:fogl á f(...) galande.
115:
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870:Runestones in Norway
816:Nationalencyklopedin
694:References and notes
529:Hvaʀ of kom hęráss á
61:Nordre Bergenhus amt
837: /
39:(also known as the
841:61.2395°N 7.0524°E
681:Runic Inscriptions
668:List of runestones
589:In popular culture
155:niwiltiʀmąnʀlᴀgi??
116:
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684:by Yves Kodratoff
639:Foki afa galande
612:I bormotha hauni
53:runic inscription
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106:Inscriptions
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81:Kylver stone
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45:Eggjum stone
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18:Eggjum stone
865:Alu (runic)
844: /
811:Eggjastenen
765:of panel 3.
752:of panel 2.
739:of panel 1.
663:Alu (runic)
502:Fear-island
272:Alu misyrki
187:????gąląnde
75:Description
37:Eggja stone
859:Categories
829:61°14′22″N
506:Far-island
318:psychopomp
310:corpse-sea
199:ᴀ???isurki
832:7°03′09″E
712:Besseggen
67:county),
657:See also
524:, i.e.:
328:Panel 3:
295:Panel 2:
281:Panel 1:
266:Panel 3:
244:Panel 2:
222:Panel 1:
193:Panel 3:
161:Panel 2:
139:Panel 1:
65:Vestland
63:(now in
595:Heilung
434:A1
57:Sogndal
49:Rundata
720:dative
716:Eggjum
498:Firney
314:heráss
306:kenned
69:Norway
819:1991.
724:Eggja
582:galdr
516:Meter
494:Aegir
393:A1
349:A1
41:Eggum
577:ljoð
322:Odin
133:foki
129:fokl
35:The
813:in
708:egg
579:or
504:or
478:C2
472:C1
453:A3
447:A2
423:C2
417:C1
405:A3
399:A2
379:C2
373:C1
361:A3
355:A2
308:as
135:.)
131:as
95:.
71:.
43:or
861::
466:B
411:B
367:B
59:,
792:.
778:.
726:.
20:)
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