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bit off her foot." Other witnesses described the attack on Olga
Martynenko. "The woman managed to swim to the pier, but when people on the pier started pulling her out of the water, the shark bit off the woman's left buttock," one said. "She lost a lot of blood. There were tourists on the pier, and they helped to pull the woman out. Some of them were slapping the shark off with rubber fins. There were no rescuers on the pier during the moment when it all happened. A rescuer was running up to us from afar. There were neither cords, nor stretchers at hand. We used a swimsuit to block the blood flow from the gaping wound and grabbed a sun bed to carry the woman to the shore."
296:, a British charity dedicated to shark conservation, commented: "It is probable that the tragic attacks were triggered by a specific activity or event... Attacks on humans by sharks are extremely rare and this species would normally not be found close to shore on bathing beaches". Mohammed Salam of the South Sinai Conservation organisation, a government body responsible for environmental protection in the area, said that "usually these kinds of sharks don't attack human beings but sometimes they have trouble with their nervous system and they accidentally go after people."
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235:. Mohamed Rashad, a bartender at the al-Bahr beach restaurant who was working at the time of the attack, said: "All the people ran away back to the hotel, no one wanted to stay on the beach. Now it's very quiet. People are scared to come to the beach. They are just coming to the bar to have a drink. They don't even want to stay on the sunbeds."
254:
Following the attacks, watersports activities were again suspended, though it was expected that scuba diving—which is considered to be at far less risk from shark attacks—would soon be allowed to resume. The
Egyptian authorities engaged international shark experts to assess the situation and propose
193:
The first attacks occurred on 1 December, when four people were attacked within minutes of each other in the Ra's
Nasrani area. 48-year-old Olga Martsinko suffered wounds to her hands and legs, lower back and buttock while 70-year-old Lyudmila Stolyarova lost her right hand and left leg. Both had to
205:
The attacks on the two men were witnessed from the shore. A barman witnessed one of the victims "running from the sea with blood streaming from gashes in his leg." The other male victim had to be rescued by members of a local diving centre. According to the barman, "the sea went red ... was gone".
201:
Lyudmilla
Stolyarova's husband Vladimir said: "I ran up to her and could hear her gasping 'Shark! Shark! Shark!' She somehow managed to push the shark away from her. The shark bit off her arm, but she managed to swim closer to the shore. Before she got out of the water, the shark attacked again and
329:
and oceanic whitetips—had been involved in the attacks. It listed possible contributory factors as including "one or more incidents of illegal dumping of animal carcasses in nearby waters; depletion of natural prey in the area caused by overfishing; localised feeding of reef fish and/or sharks by
287:
described the oceanic whitetip as "the most dangerous of all sharks". Despite the greater notoriety of other sharks habitually found nearer the shore, the oceanic whitetip is believed to be responsible for many casualties as a result of predation on survivors of shipwrecks. Such incidents are not
303:, which is an ongoing problem in the area. In a statement, Hesham Gabr said: "It is clear from our initial discussions with shark behavioural experts that this highly unusual spate of attacks by an oceanic whitetip shark was triggered by an activity, most probably
227:
that was 2.5 metres (8.2 ft) long and weighed 250 kilograms (550 lb) was also caught. However, divers and conservationists said the captured sharks were not the same as the one that had been seen and photographed in the area shortly before the attacks.
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a solution. The
Egyptian ministry of tourism also announced the injured tourists would each be offered $ 50,000 in compensation, paid for by the local tourist industry. The attacks were widely described as "unprecedented" both in media reports and by
251:: "Suddenly there was a scream of help and a lot of violence in the water. The lifeguard got her on the reef and he noticed she was severely wounded." According to local officials, her arm was severed in the attack and she died within minutes.
368:
pointed out that GPS devices are used by marine biologists to track sharks, not to remote-control them. Governor
Mohamed Abdel Fadil Shousha himself ultimately said he thought the dumping of sheep carcasses during the Islamic festival of
198:. A 54-year-old Russian man named Yevgeniy Trishkin suffered serious leg wounds, requiring a partial amputation, while 46-year-old Ukrainian Viktor Koliy also suffered leg injuries but was well enough to leave hospital the following day.
165:
in the Red Sea, causing increased hunger and aggression in the sharks, as well as the illegal, intentional or inadvertent feeding of fish close to shore (which produces scents that attract sharks). Another theory considers the dumping of
217:
In response, officials closed the beaches and suspended all diving and watersports activities. Specialists from the
Egyptian environment ministry were called in to investigate the incidents and caught a 2.25 metres (7.4 ft)-long
238:
The
Egyptian authorities reopened the beaches on 4 December following the capture of the sharks. The following day, 5 December, 71-year-old German tourist Renata Seifert, who had visited the resort for 11 years, was killed by a
222:
weighing 150 kilograms (330 lb) that was claimed to be the one responsible for the attacks. The shark was "identified" by a local diver who claimed to have recognized the fish by its damaged fin. A
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carcasses into the Red Sea, bringing sharks unusually close to the shoreline. Unscrupulous diving companies were also blamed for feeding sharks to attract them for their clients.
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Sharks are commonly seen near Sharm El Sheikh but attacks on humans are very rare, particularly by the two species implicated in the 2010 attacks. Only nine attacks by
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were closed for over a week, dozens of suspected “aggressive” sharks were caught and killed, and the local government issued new rules, regarding the banning of
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included in common shark-attack indices for the 20th and 21st centuries, and as a result of this, the oceanic whitetip does not have the highest number of
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The chairman of the Sharm El Sheikh
Chamber of Diving and Water Sports (CDWS) suggested that attacks might have been due to
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had been reported worldwide in the last 430 years and only one had been previously fatal. However, oceanographic researcher
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The attacks also sparked conspiracy theories about possible
Israeli involvement. Egyptian television broadcast claims from
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Map of Sharm El Sheikh. The attacks happened in Naama Bay and off Ra's Nasrani, a few kilometres to the north.
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Other hypotheses for the shark attacks include that cattle ships transporting sheep for slaughter during the
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in the shallows close to the shoreline. The attacks were described as "unprecedented" by shark experts.
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On 9 December 2010, an international team of experts announced that it had found that two species—
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Sharks of the east coast of southern Africa. 1. The genus Carcharhinus (Carcharhinidae)
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hotel. Jochen Van Lysebettens, of the Red Sea Diving College, saw the attack, and told
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governor Mohamed Abdul Fadil Shousha that Israeli divers captured a shark with a
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were seriously injured within minutes of each other, and, on 5 December 2010, a
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An oceanic whitetip shark, one of the two species implicated in the attacks
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161:. A variety of theories were proposed to explain the attacks, including
815:"Expert shoots down conspiracy theory blaming Israel for shark attacks"
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incidents; only 5 recorded attacks as of 2009. The chairman of the
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Sharm el-Sheikh: scientists give initial findings on shark attacks
528:(Television production). NGC Network. 23 July 2020. Archived from
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244:
208:
178:
167:
878:
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Ukrainian attacked by shark in Egypt discharged from hospital
668:. Durban: Oceanographic Research Institute. pp. 54–55.
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Russian tourists lose arms and legs in shark attack in Egypt
330:
swimmers, snorkellers and some divers; and unusually high
874:
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woman was killed when she was attacked while wading and
185:) that may have attracted the sharks closer to shore.
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Egypt resort reopens some beaches after shark attack
507:
Shark attack kills German tourist at resort in Egypt
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Sharm el-Sheikh shark attacks leave beaches deserted
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953:
912:
840:"Egypt to reopen beaches after deadly shark attack"
659:Bass, A.J.; D'Aubrey, J.D.; Kistnasamy, N. (1973).
644:Cousteau, Jacques-Yves; Cousteau, Philippe (1970).
149:In response to the attacks, beaches in the popular
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555:Sharm el-Sheikh tourist killed in new shark attack
27:A series of attacks by sharks on swimmers in Egypt
549:
547:
468:
466:
788:"Shark attacks not linked to Mossad says Israel"
494:Sharks suspected in Egypt tourist attacks nabbed
373:on 16 November was the most likely explanation.
750:Sharm el-Sheikh deaths: Don't blame the sharks"
724:"ISAF Statistics on Attacking Species of Shark"
418:
416:
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441:Russians injured by sharks in stable condition
231:The attacks had a drastic effect on the local
890:
488:
486:
8:
726:. Flmnh.ufl.edu. 20 May 2009. Archived from
360:. Describing the theory as "sad", Professor
32:
338:Conspiracy theory about Israeli involvement
897:
883:
875:
31:
625:Shark attack kills German woman off Egypt
344:Israel-related animal conspiracy theories
634:". Agence France-Presse, 5 December 2010
496:". The Associated Press, 2 December 2010
18:Egyptian shark attacks conspiracy theory
763:Diving continues as experts investigate
572:Swimming death escalates attacks crisis
410:
356:unit planted on its back, allegedly by
108:1 oceanic whitetip shark + 1 mako shark
794:from the original on 16 December 2010
646:The Shark: Splendid Savage of the Sea
243:while swimming in Naama Bay near the
7:
1221:Conspiracy theories involving Israel
704:from the original on 6 February 2006
614:". Associated Press, 9 December 2010
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966:Heterodontiformes (Bullhead sharks)
130:, Egypt. On 1 December 2010, three
116:2010 Sharm El Sheikh shark attacks
33:2010 Sharm El Sheikh shark attacks
25:
961:Carcharhiniformes (Ground sharks)
865:Red Sea Jaws – The Passionate Eye
813:Yasmine Fathi (6 December 2010).
786:Yolande Knell (7 December 2010).
752:. Channel 4 News, 9 December 2010
1167:
1156:
1155:
981:Orectolobiformes (Carpet sharks)
383:
194:have their injured limbs partly
38:
648:. Doubleday & Company, Inc.
521:When Sharks Attack – Red Terror
1020:Xenacanthida (Xenacantiformes)
986:Pristiophoriformes (Sawsharks)
1:
1138:Grey nurse shark conservation
976:Lamniformes (Mackerel sharks)
443:". ITAR-TASS, 3 December 2010
996:Squatiniformes (Angelsharks)
509:". BBC News, 5 December 2010
1206:Deaths due to shark attacks
1133:U.S. Shark Conservation Act
842:. Reuters. 12 December 2010
44:Naama Bay, Sharm El Sheikh.
1237:
1211:History of Sharm El Sheikh
341:
1151:
1118:Sharks in popular culture
935:Egg case (Chondrichthyes)
307:or feeding in the area."
37:
1143:Save Our Seas Foundation
768:17 December 2010 at the
1075:Shark attack prevention
577:9 December 2010 at the
318:on 16 November dumped
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220:oceanic whitetip shark
214:
177:transport (during the
366:Suez Canal University
334:in Sharm El Sheikh."
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212:
748:Scholl, Michael C. "
685:on 6 September 2013.
553:Sherwood, Harriet. "
472:Sherwood, Harriet. "
173:in the Red Sea by a
157:and restrictions on
122:on swimmers off the
630:1 February 2011 at
526:National Geographic
53:1 – 5 December 2010
34:
1002:Cladoselachiformes
696:Martin, R. Aidan.
332:water temperatures
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215:
97:Non-fatal injuries
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1182:
1080:Shark cage diving
945:Threatened sharks
920:Outline of sharks
776:, 9 December 2010
698:"Elasmo Research"
601:, 9 December 2010
585:, 6 December 2010
561:, 5 December 2010
480:, 3 December 2010
460:, 2 December 2010
430:, 3 December 2010
281:oceanic whitetips
120:attacks by sharks
118:were a series of
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16:(Redirected from
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257:Samuel H. Gruber
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991:Squaliformes
844:. Retrieved
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796:. Retrieved
790:. BBC News.
781:
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732:. Retrieved
728:the original
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599:The Guardian
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559:The Guardian
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534:. Retrieved
530:the original
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478:The Guardian
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391:Egypt portal
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314:festival of
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181:festival of
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83:Shark attack
29:
1174:WikiProject
1036:interaction
930:Shark tooth
846:26 December
824:30 December
798:26 December
371:Eid al-Adha
350:South Sinai
316:Eid al-Adha
301:overfishing
294:Shark Trust
183:Eid al-Adha
163:overfishing
1190:Categories
1090:Drum lines
1014:Symmoriida
708:6 February
675:0869890085
632:Archive-It
405:References
342:See also:
241:Mako shark
225:mako shark
144:snorkeling
126:resort of
1095:Shark net
1048:Australia
458:Kyiv Post
196:amputated
175:livestock
171:carcasses
136:Ukrainian
62:Naama Bay
1162:Category
954:Taxonomy
869:CBC News
819:Al-Ahram
792:Archived
774:Divernet
766:Archived
702:Archived
628:Archived
583:Divernet
575:Archived
377:See also
290:recorded
249:Sky News
159:swimming
134:and one
132:Russians
105:Suspects
68:Location
1111:Related
1053:RĂ©union
536:18 July
364:of the
312:Islamic
189:Attacks
179:Islamic
124:Red Sea
74:, Egypt
913:Topics
906:Sharks
734:5 July
672:
428:Pravda
358:Mossad
140:German
89:Deaths
1034:Human
683:(PDF)
666:(PDF)
327:makos
320:sheep
245:Hyatt
168:sheep
58:Venue
848:2010
826:2010
800:2010
736:2010
710:2006
670:ISBN
538:2020
114:The
79:Type
50:Date
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354:GPS
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