199:'s paternal grandmother's and his mother's relatives within the fifth or closer degree of mourning, the empress's relatives within the fourth or closer degree of mourning were also considered.
146:
could be carried out towards the offenders of the legally favored categories. However, as pointed out in
Article 8, the legal privilege was not applicable to cases involving violation of the
429:) included military and civil officials who have displayed great diligence in their work through thorough occupation of public affairs or experiencing dangerous difficulties.
343:) included those of great achievement and glory because of their capability of leading armies for a long distance or civilizing the multitudes.
488:
271:) included worthy men or superior men whose speech and conduct were greatly virtuous and may be taken as a model for the country.
563:
446:
412:
360:
326:
288:
254:
216:
174:
31:
438:
404:
352:
318:
280:
246:
208:
166:
23:
573:
305:) included people of great talent, able to lead armies, manage the affairs of government, correct the course of the
463:) was to treat the descendants of previous dynasties as guests of the state who could enjoy a legal privilege.
395:) and above, titular officials of the second rank and above, and persons with noble titles of the first rank.
91:
65:
90:. These suggested that criminals qualified under the following eight conditions could be considered for a
128:
The earliest records of the whole set of Eight
Deliberations existing nowadays can be found in the
484:
578:
378:
147:
568:
154:
134:, with its Article 7 exactly entitled the same name. According to it, permission from the
68:
in order to lessen legal punishment on the royals, nobles and members of upper classes.
143:
81:
557:
139:
86:
119:
Guests of the sovereign (i.e. the descendants of preceding imperial families)
130:
306:
234:
196:
192:
135:
77:
454:
420:
386:
368:
334:
296:
262:
224:
182:
39:
153:
Since the Eight
Deliberations was introduced, all of the following
237:'s service for a long period of time thereby merited this favor.
195:
of the sixth degree of mourning and closer. In addition, the
116:
Individuals exceptionally zealous at their government duties
512:, page 83-89. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1979.
377:) included all active duty officials of the third rank (
157:
maintained the installment of this system to their law.
84:
period and originated from similar regulations in the
309:, and serve as a model for human relationships.
76:The Eight Deliberations were established by the
16:Mitigating principles in traditional Chinese law
207:Deliberation for Old Retainers of the Emperor (
203:Deliberation for Old Retainers of the Emperor
8:
165:Deliberation for Relatives of the Emperor (
161:Deliberation for Relatives of the Emperor
550:, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
539:, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
124:Eight Deliberations as a Legal Privilege
471:
437:Deliberation for Guests of the State (
245:Deliberation for the Morally Worthy (
233:) included those who had been in the
7:
526:Law and Society in Traditional China
481:Law and Society in Traditional China
433:Deliberation for Guests of the State
241:Deliberation for the Morally Worthy
101:Old acquaintances of the sovereign
64:, was a set of principles used by
14:
542:Johnson, Wallace Stephen (1997).
531:Johnson, Wallace Stephen (1979).
351:Deliberation for High Position (
191:) included the relatives of the
138:was required before any kind of
459:
450:
442:
425:
416:
408:
391:
373:
364:
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347:Deliberation for High Position
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317:Deliberation for Achievement (
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284:
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258:
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229:
220:
212:
187:
178:
170:
44:
35:
27:
1:
403:Deliberation for Diligence (
313:Deliberation for Achievement
107:Individuals of great ability
479:Chü, Tung-tsu (June 1979).
104:Individuals of great virtue
595:
504:Johnson, Wallace Stephen:
399:Deliberation for Diligence
279:Deliberation for Ability (
98:Relatives of the sovereign
528:, Paris: Mouton & Co.
382:
275:Deliberation for Ability
524:Chü, Tung-tsu. (1965).
110:Meritorious individuals
92:commutation of sentence
66:traditional Chinese law
564:Legal history of China
48:), also translated as
58:Eight Discussed Cases
50:Eight Considerations
447:traditional Chinese
413:traditional Chinese
361:traditional Chinese
327:traditional Chinese
289:traditional Chinese
255:traditional Chinese
217:traditional Chinese
175:traditional Chinese
32:traditional Chinese
20:Eight Deliberations
574:3rd century in law
537:General Principles
510:General Principles
483:. Hyperion Press.
439:simplified Chinese
405:simplified Chinese
353:simplified Chinese
319:simplified Chinese
281:simplified Chinese
247:simplified Chinese
209:simplified Chinese
167:simplified Chinese
24:simplified Chinese
548:Specific Articles
490:978-0-88355-905-5
155:Chinese dynasties
54:Eight Discussions
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148:Ten Abominations
62:Eight Precedents
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78:Cao Wei dynasty
74:
17:
12:
11:
5:
592:
590:
582:
581:
576:
571:
566:
556:
555:
552:
551:
544:The T’ang Code
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533:The T’ang Code
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520:
517:
515:
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506:The T’ang Code
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113:High officials
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82:Three Kingdoms
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6:
4:
3:
2:
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549:
546:, Volume II,
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140:interrogation
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87:Rites of Zhou
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33:
25:
21:
547:
543:
536:
535:, Volume I,
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508:, Volume I,
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129:
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85:
75:
61:
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43:
19:
18:
80:during the
558:Categories
519:References
144:judgement
131:Tang Code
579:Cao Wei
379:Chinese
340:Yì Gōng
307:emperor
302:Yì Néng
268:Yì Xián
235:emperor
197:emperor
193:emperor
136:emperor
72:Origins
569:Pardon
495:p. 177
487:
460:Yì Bīn
457::
455:pinyin
449::
441::
426:Yì Qín
423::
421:pinyin
415::
407::
389::
387:pinyin
381::
374:Yì Guì
371::
369:pinyin
363::
355::
337::
335:pinyin
329::
321::
299::
297:pinyin
291::
283::
265::
263:pinyin
257::
249::
227::
225:pinyin
219::
211::
188:Yì Qīn
185::
183:pinyin
177::
169::
42::
40:pinyin
34::
26::
467:Notes
230:Yì Gù
45:Bā Yì
485:ISBN
392:Pǐn
150:.
142:or
94::
60:or
560::
453:;
451:議賓
445:;
443:议宾
419:;
417:議勤
411:;
409:议勤
385:;
367:;
365:議貴
359:;
357:议贵
333:;
331:議功
325:;
323:议功
295:;
293:議能
287:;
285:议能
261:;
259:議賢
253:;
251:议贤
223:;
221:議故
215:;
213:议故
181:;
179:議親
173:;
171:议亲
56:,
52:,
38:;
36:八議
30:;
28:八议
493:.
383:品
22:(
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