308:": In this first extended development section of the work, percussion and a solo trumpet are heard in the first appearance of 3/4 time: a variation of a previous motive. A sequence of clamorous trumpet fanfares occurs as the music approaches a harmonic climax in G-flat, and the related E-flat minor. Percussion is pervasive throughout the movement. 4/4 time returns in a modified recapitulation of the first theme as it appeared at the beginning of the piece, this time with a repeated quaver accompaniment. A new cantabile theme makes its appearance in the trumpet, and an extended elaboration of this serves to preface the next section.
124:, during 1898. He regarded the two as complementary, saying they were conceived as "direct pendants" to one another. There was speculation before the premiere about the identity of the hero. Strauss was equivocal: he commented "I'm no hero: I'm not made for battle", and in a programme note he wrote that subject of the piece was "not a single poetical or historical figure, but rather a more general and free ideal of great and manly heroism." On the other hand, in the words of the critic
603:(April 19, 1899), calling the "alleged symphony ... revolutionary in every sense of the word". He continued, "he climax of everything that is ugly, cacophonous, blatant and erratic, the most perverse music I ever heard in all my life, is reached in the chapter 'The Hero's Battlefield'. The man who wrote this outrageously hideous noise, no longer deserving of the word music, is either a lunatic, or he is rapidly approaching idiocy." The critic in
3051:
395:
3061:
315:": Yet another new motive appears, commencing in a rapid descending E-flat triad, which introduces a new development of the original theme: an elegy featuring harp, bassoon, English horn, and strings. The autobiographical aspect of the work is indicated most clearly in this section, in which Strauss extensively quotes his previous works. He quotes his early opera
196:
3087:
2888:
2363:
2312:
2281:
2266:
2251:
2236:
2221:
62:. The work was completed in 1898. It was his eighth work in the genre, and exceeded any of its predecessors in its orchestral demands. Generally agreed to be autobiographical in nature despite contradictory statements on the matter by the composer, the work contains more than thirty quotations from Strauss's earlier works, including
254:": The movement opens with chromatic woodwinds and low brass: multiple motives in contrasting registers are heard. The adversaries represented by the woodwinds are Strauss's critics, such as the 19th-century Viennese music critic Doktor Dehring, who is memorably written into the score with an ominous four note
609:
after the New York premiere in 1900 was more circumspect. He admitted that posterity might well mock his response to the piece, but that although "there are passages of true, glorious, overwhelming beauty ... one is often thrown into astonishment and confusion". Henry Wood, with whose orchestra
384:, as the head of a new, peaceful theme in E-flat: this is the theme foreshadowed during the violin cadenza. In a final variation of the initial motive, the brass intones the last fanfare, and a serene E-flat major conclusion is reached, signaling the Hero's completion and fulfillment.
29:
281:, the violin presents new motivic material, alternating with brief interjections in low strings, winds, and brass. During this section, the violin briefly foreshadows a theme that will appear fully later. The cadenza concludes and the new thematic material is combined in a
233:
110:
Symphony: "It is entitled 'A Hero's Life', and while it has no funeral march, it does have lots of horns, horns being quite the thing to express heroism. Thanks to the healthy country air, my sketch has progressed well and I hope to finish by New Year's Day."
586:
of the piece in 1902, performing it on
January 23, 1903, in Vienna. The conductor Joolz Gale was more recently given permission to arrange the work for chamber orchestra, which was commissioned and premiered by ensemble mini on October 16, 2014, in Berlin.
136:, that he found himself "no less interesting than Napoleon," and his gesture of conducting the premiere himself instead of leaving that honor to the respected dedicatee may well be viewed as further confirmation of the work's self-congratulatory character.
149:: performed without breaks, except for a dramatic grand pause at the end of the first movement. The movements are titled as follows (later editions of the score may not show these titles, owing to the composer's request that they be removed):
297:. The three initial sections comprise an elaborate exposition, with elements of a multiple-movement symphony evident in their contrasting character and tempo. The remainder of the work comprises development, recapitulation, and
273:. He wrote to Rolland, "She is very complex, a trifle perverse, a trifle coquettish, never the same, changing from minute to minute." The section features a tender melody played by a solo violin. In an extended accompanied
535:
In one section, the second violins are called on to play a G-flat or F-sharp which is a semitone below the normal range of the instrument, and which can only be accomplished by temporarily retuning their lowest string.
221:
triads ascending through an almost three-octave span. A contrasting lyrical theme first appears in high strings and winds in B major. A second motive appears, outlining a stepwise descending fourth. Trumpets sound a
2492:
2399:
631:
Whatever the critics might have thought, the work rapidly became a standard part of the orchestral repertoire. It has been performed 41 times at the BBC Proms since its premiere there in 1903.
2462:
1860:
627:
treats two important subjects familiar from earlier works: the
Nietzschean struggle between the individual and his outer and inner worlds, and the profundity of domestic love.
3117:
623:
Various critics see the work as a flagrant instance of
Strauss's artistic egotism, but a deeper interpretation reveals the issue of autobiography to be far more complex.
269:": Strauss was evasive about whether he was or was not the hero depicted in the piece, but he explicitly confirmed that the hero's companion was a portrait of his wife,
595:
The German critics responded to
Strauss's caricatures of them. One of them called the piece "as revolting a picture of this revolting man as one might ever encounter".
3064:
1348:
1952:
2152:
2090:
2518:
1701:
2177:
1600:
615:
553:
3107:
2024:
100:
Strauss began work on the piece while staying in a
Bavarian mountain resort in July 1898. He proposed to write a heroic work in the mould of
1875:
262:
puts it, the Hero's theme goes dolefully into the minor and the critics renew their attacks until a fanfare from the brass diminishes them.
2570:
2084:
353:
69:
2454:
2280:
2106:
2067:
132:
The music, though, points stubbornly to its own author as its subject, and
Strauss did concede, after all, in a remark to the writer
2632:
2172:
1620:
347:
1582:
1242:
2862:
1744:
846:
674:
289:
trumpets, repeated onstage, is then heard. The section ends with "a voluptuously scored love-scene". The academic and critic
259:
2947:
2498:
2468:
2430:
2265:
2250:
2145:
2059:
1524:
1446:
1048:
808:
745:
549:
521:
465:
286:
3077:
1771:
236:
199:
2779:
2120:
1640:
1428:
947:
784:
362:
3020:
2887:
699:
565:
285:
episode commencing in G-flat. Fragments of the motives from the previous movement briefly appear. A fanfare motive in
3112:
2102:
1871:
1587:
1562:
1404:
867:
105:
2562:
2424:
1547:
1274:
1068:
1008:
335:
88:
1999:
3054:
2436:
2418:
2138:
1709:
1645:
1028:
2296:
2110:
2913:
2650:
2644:
2579:
2512:
2485:
1905:
1464:
1391:
1209:
1109:
907:
64:
20:
1984:
3091:
2830:
2757:
2724:
2638:
2273:
1542:
1310:
1169:
988:
968:
927:
797:
721:
223:
3031:
2983:
2702:
2656:
2588:
2362:
1696:
1504:
1484:
1289:
1249:
1229:
1149:
1129:
1089:
887:
826:
766:
681:
407:
323:
120:
75:
1928:
2872:
2746:
2529:
2319:
2311:
1489:
1386:
1361:
663:
277:
filled with extremely detailed performance instructions by
Strauss, after the fashion of an operatic
101:
1823:
2921:
2790:
2691:
2606:
2347:
2235:
1660:
1497:
1330:
1269:
1262:
1222:
1214:
1189:
1142:
1114:
920:
912:
900:
801:
710:
365:", Op 29/1 and "Befreit", Op 39/1, are quoted once each. The melodies lead into the final section.
560:, with the composer conducting. The first American performance was a year later, performed by the
2905:
2841:
2821:
2735:
2614:
2554:
2287:
2220:
1941:
1373:
1368:
1194:
605:
329:
239:
202:
81:
3026:
2978:
2852:
2546:
2356:
2258:
2243:
2063:
2042:
2020:
1315:
1254:
750:
686:
579:
545:
341:
184:
28:
619:, this is "mainly because its surface elements have been overemphasized." In Gilliam's view:
168:"Des Helden Weltflucht und Vollendung" (The Hero's Retirement from this World and Completion)
2476:
1605:
1409:
726:
643:, with three conducted by the composer himself. Important recordings include the following:
613:
In modern times, the work still divides critical opinion. According to Bryan
Gilliam in the
561:
429:
146:
3036:
2972:
2929:
2881:
2801:
2228:
2195:
2161:
1828:
1807:
1705:
1567:
1421:
1154:
1073:
1061:
1053:
1013:
859:
777:
714:
596:
583:
419:
317:
290:
270:
59:
1234:
851:
573:
2381:
2338:
2214:
1665:
1625:
1613:
1555:
1529:
1451:
1294:
1174:
993:
981:
973:
952:
932:
831:
789:
529:
180:
133:
568:. The work did not reach England until December 6th 1902, when the composer conducted
3101:
3014:
2998:
2988:
2966:
2505:
1767:
1417:
1323:
1282:
1202:
1162:
1041:
839:
738:
441:
433:
376:
episode. This is followed by a pastoral interlude with what
Kennedy calls "a bucolic
125:
2993:
1653:
1469:
1433:
1353:
1094:
960:
872:
813:
298:
218:
1134:
892:
394:
226:
followed by a grand pause, the only prolonged silence throughout the entire piece.
2713:
2538:
2391:
2329:
1575:
1509:
1182:
1033:
1001:
880:
734:
445:
415:
377:
294:
51:
33:
2096:
2034:
1633:
1517:
1302:
610:
Strauss gave the
British premiere, thought the piece "wonderfully beautiful".
569:
513:
505:
483:
278:
2680:
2205:
2114:
2046:
557:
501:
255:
176:
55:
1987:, Grove Music Online, Oxford University Press, accessed September 6, 2013
2444:
2305:
1335:
479:
3060:
217:": The first theme represents the hero. In unison, horns and celli play
2812:
2768:
517:
497:
469:
455:
437:
403:
274:
758:
509:
358:
2493:
Divertimento for chamber orchestra after keyboard pieces by Couperin
1929:"Fortsetzung der Richard-Strauss-Trilogie des ensemble mini Berlin"
372:": The reappearance of the previous "Hanslick" motive brings in an
2130:
393:
27:
19:"A Hero's Life" redirects here. For the Canadian drama film, see
2669:
525:
493:
411:
2134:
2017:
Masterworks of the Orchestral Repertoire: A Guide for Listeners
1477:
1122:
1102:
1081:
1021:
940:
1918:
Chalmers, Kenneth. Liner notes to Philips CD 456575 (1999)
258:
played by the two tubas in parallel fifths. As the critic
1942:"Perlman to appear in concert", News OK, October 11, 2002
238:
Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can
201:
Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can
293:
observes that the whole work is in a massive version of
402:
The work is scored for a large orchestra consisting of
2062:. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.
165:"Des Helden Friedenswerke" (The Hero's Works of Peace)
3075:
2463:
Dance suite from keyboard pieces by François Couperin
370:
The Hero's Retirement from this World and Completion
183:
used, but almost always as elements of its enlarged
3007:
2959:
2940:
2897:
2668:
2625:
2528:
2411:
2372:
2186:
380:theme". The descending triad now appears slowly,
156:"Des Helden Widersacher" (The Hero's Adversaries)
1778:, The Kennedy Center, accessed September 6, 2013
621:
544:Strauss dedicated the piece to the 27-year-old
130:
145:The work, which lasts about fifty minutes, is
2146:
159:"Des Helden Gefährtin" (The Hero's Companion)
8:
2870:
2860:
2850:
2839:
2828:
2810:
2799:
2788:
2777:
2766:
2755:
2744:
2733:
2722:
2711:
2700:
2689:
2678:
2595:
2577:
2474:
2452:
2442:
2389:
2379:
2345:
2327:
2317:
2294:
2271:
2256:
2241:
2226:
2203:
2193:
1349:Symphonieorchester des Bayerischen Rundfunks
532:, including an extensive solo violin part.
3118:Music dedicated to ensembles or performers
2153:
2139:
2131:
2056:The Cambridge Companion to Richard Strauss
1985:"Strauss, Richard, §7: Instrumental works"
1786:
1784:
645:
162:"Des Helden Walstatt" (The Hero at Battle)
2091:International Music Score Library Project
1740:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1730:
2519:Duet concertino for clarinet and bassoon
1979:
1977:
1790:
301:, with occasional new thematic material.
3082:
1834:
1811:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1721:
1691:
1689:
1685:
1601:Frankfurter Opern- und Museumsorchester
616:Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
554:Frankfurter Opern- und Museumsorchester
1903:conducted by the composer in London",
1751:, notes to Chandos CD Chan 8518 (1987)
2000:Proms performances of Ein Heldenleben
1803:
1801:
1799:
7:
1968:
2127:by Timothy Judd, September 11, 2017
552:. However, it was premiered by the
321:(eight times), his symphonic poems
2107:Frankfurt Radio Symphony Orchestra
14:
2019:. University of Minnesota Press.
2015:Ferguson, Donald Nivison (1968).
1846:
1621:Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra
16:Symphonic poem by Richard Strauss
3085:
3059:
3050:
3049:
2886:
2571:Till Eulenspiegel's Merry Pranks
2361:
2310:
2279:
2264:
2249:
2234:
2219:
1583:Rotterdam Philharmonic Orchestra
398:Strauss conducting (circa 1900)
847:Minneapolis Symphony Orchestra
675:Classical Recordings Quarterly
599:wrote a damning review in the
1:
3108:Tone poems by Richard Strauss
2469:Wiener Philharmoniker Fanfare
2060:Cambridge Companions to Music
1661:Munich Philharmonic Orchestra
1525:Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra
1447:Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra
1049:Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra
809:Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra
746:Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra
639:There are many recordings of
2117:Frankfurt, December 11, 2015
1712:, accessed September 6, 2013
1641:Melbourne Symphony Orchestra
948:Royal Philharmonic Orchestra
785:Royal Philharmonic Orchestra
235:
198:
3021:Treatise on Instrumentation
2041:. London: Victor Gollancz.
700:Bayerisches Staatsorchester
540:Dedication and performances
3134:
1953:"The Philharmonic Society"
1872:Chicago Symphony Orchestra
1563:Chicago Symphony Orchestra
1405:Chicago Symphony Orchestra
1084:Classics (live recording)
868:Chicago Symphony Orchestra
32:Strauss, 1898 portrait by
18:
3045:
2871:
2851:
2840:
2829:
2811:
2800:
2789:
2780:Traum durch die Dämmerung
2778:
2767:
2756:
2745:
2734:
2723:
2712:
2701:
2690:
2679:
2563:Death and Transfiguration
2168:
2054:Youmans, Charles (2010).
1704:January 29, 2018, at the
1429:Tonhalle-Orchester ZĂĽrich
1069:London Symphony Orchestra
1009:London Symphony Orchestra
657:
654:
651:
648:
363:Traum durch die Dämmerung
336:Death and Transfiguration
313:The Hero's Works of Peace
175:employs the technique of
89:Death and Transfiguration
2455:Le bourgeois gentilhomme
1909:, December 8, 1902, p. 5
1710:Los Angeles Philharmonic
1029:Los Angeles Philharmonic
418:(doubling fourth oboe),
2914:Utan svafvel och fosfor
2639:Cello Sonata in F major
2580:Also sprach Zarathustra
2486:Japanese Festival Music
1989:(subscription required)
1906:The Manchester Guardian
1465:Berliner Philharmoniker
1210:Berliner Philharmoniker
1110:Berliner Philharmoniker
908:Berliner Philharmoniker
550:Concertgebouw Orchestra
348:Also sprach Zarathustra
240:download the audio file
203:download the audio file
118:and another tone poem,
65:Also sprach Zarathustra
2861:
2831:Des Dichters Abendgang
2758:Heimliche Aufforderung
2596:
2578:
2475:
2453:
2443:
2390:
2380:
2346:
2328:
2318:
2295:
2274:Die Frau ohne Schatten
2272:
2257:
2242:
2227:
2204:
2194:
2125:: Beyond Autobiography
1548:Christoph von Dohnányi
1543:Philharmonia Orchestra
1311:San Francisco Symphony
1275:Christoph von Dohnányi
1170:Philadelphia Orchestra
989:San Francisco Symphony
969:Philadelphia Orchestra
928:Philadelphia Orchestra
722:NBC Symphony Orchestra
629:
399:
252:The Hero's Adversaries
224:dominant seventh chord
141:Structure and analysis
138:
36:
2984:Hugo von Hofmannsthal
2297:Die ägyptische Helena
2111:Andrés Orozco-Estrada
1881:on September 24, 2012
1505:Staatskapelle Dresden
1485:Wiener Philharmoniker
1343:Reference Recordings
1290:Wiener Philharmoniker
1250:Staatskapelle Dresden
1230:Wiener Philharmoniker
1150:Wiener Philharmoniker
1130:Wiener Philharmoniker
1090:Staatskapelle Dresden
888:Staatskapelle Dresden
827:Wiener Philharmoniker
767:Wiener Philharmoniker
682:New York Philharmonic
397:
187:symphonic structure.
153:"Der Held" (The Hero)
31:
2320:Die schweigsame Frau
2178:List of compositions
1588:Yannick NĂ©zet-SĂ©guin
1490:Christian Thielemann
1387:WDR Symphony Cologne
862:; Pristine Classics
664:Staatskapelle Berlin
556:on March 3, 1899 in
267:The Hero's Companion
21:A Hero's Life (film)
2607:Symphonia Domestica
2499:Horn Concerto No. 2
2431:Horn Concerto No. 1
2348:Die Liebe der Danae
1959:, December 8, 1900.
1899:"Richard Strauss's
1498:Deutsche Grammophon
1441:Arte Nova Classics
1331:Minnesota Orchestra
1270:Cleveland Orchestra
1263:Deutsche Grammophon
1223:Deutsche Grammophon
1215:Herbert von Karajan
1190:Cleveland Orchestra
1143:Deutsche Grammophon
1115:Herbert von Karajan
1074:Sir John Barbirolli
1014:Sir John Barbirolli
921:Deutsche Grammophon
913:Herbert von Karajan
901:Deutsche Grammophon
761:; Naxos Historical
711:Deutsche Grammophon
2906:Wandrers Sturmlied
2842:Freundliche Vision
2736:Ruhe, meine Seele!
2615:An Alpine Symphony
2113:. Recorded at the
1957:The New York Times
1814:, pp. 102–103
1793:, pp. 571–575
1374:Vladimir Ashkenazy
1369:Czech Philharmonic
1195:Vladimir Ashkenazy
953:Sir Thomas Beecham
790:Sir Thomas Beecham
606:The New York Times
400:
306:The Hero at Battle
114:Strauss worked on
37:
3113:1898 compositions
3073:
3072:
2949:Der Rosenkavalier
2873:Der Krämerspiegel
2401:Verklungene Feste
2259:Ariadne auf Naxos
2244:Der Rosenkavalier
2026:978-0-8166-0467-8
1859:Phillip Huscher.
1677:
1676:
1316:Herbert Blomstedt
1255:Giuseppe Sinopoli
751:Willem Mengelberg
687:Willem Mengelberg
546:Willem Mengelberg
430:soprano clarinets
354:Till Eulenspiegel
244:
207:
71:Till Eulenspiegel
3125:
3090:
3089:
3088:
3081:
3063:
3053:
3052:
3008:Related articles
2960:Family and peers
2941:Film adaptations
2890:
2876:
2875:
2866:
2856:
2855:
2845:
2844:
2834:
2833:
2816:
2815:
2805:
2804:
2794:
2793:
2783:
2782:
2772:
2771:
2761:
2760:
2750:
2749:
2739:
2738:
2728:
2727:
2717:
2716:
2706:
2705:
2695:
2694:
2684:
2683:
2601:
2583:
2480:
2477:Olympische Hymne
2458:
2448:
2395:
2385:
2365:
2351:
2333:
2323:
2314:
2300:
2283:
2277:
2268:
2262:
2253:
2247:
2238:
2232:
2223:
2209:
2199:
2155:
2148:
2141:
2132:
2099:
2098:Live performance
2093:
2089:: Scores at the
2073:
2050:
2039:My Life of Music
2030:
2002:
1997:
1991:
1990:
1981:
1972:
1966:
1960:
1950:
1944:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1925:
1919:
1916:
1910:
1897:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1880:
1874:. Archived from
1869:
1856:
1850:
1844:
1838:
1832:
1821:
1815:
1805:
1794:
1788:
1779:
1765:
1752:
1745:Kennedy, Michael
1742:
1725:
1719:
1713:
1695:Glass, Herbert.
1693:
1606:Sebastian Weigle
1470:Sir Simon Rattle
1410:Daniel Barenboim
771:Richard Strauss
739:Naxos Historical
727:Arturo Toscanini
704:Richard Strauss
668:Richard Strauss
646:
562:Chicago Symphony
491:
490:
477:
476:
463:
462:
453:
452:
425:
424:
147:through-composed
3133:
3132:
3128:
3127:
3126:
3124:
3123:
3122:
3098:
3097:
3096:
3092:Classical music
3086:
3084:
3076:
3074:
3069:
3041:
3037:Neo-romanticism
3003:
2973:Pauline de Ahna
2955:
2936:
2930:Die Tageszeiten
2893:
2882:Four Last Songs
2863:Brentano Lieder
2802:Der Arbeitsmann
2664:
2621:
2598:Ein Heldenleben
2524:
2425:Violin Concerto
2407:
2368:
2182:
2164:
2162:Richard Strauss
2159:
2123:Ein Heldenleben
2109:, conducted by
2097:
2086:Ein Heldenleben
2083:
2080:
2070:
2053:
2033:
2027:
2014:
2011:
2006:
2005:
1998:
1994:
1988:
1983:Bryan Gilliam,
1982:
1975:
1967:
1963:
1951:
1947:
1940:
1936:
1927:
1926:
1922:
1917:
1913:
1898:
1894:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1867:
1863:Ein Heldenleben
1858:
1857:
1853:
1845:
1841:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1806:
1797:
1789:
1782:
1774:Ein Heldenleben
1766:
1755:
1749:Ein Heldenleben
1743:
1728:
1720:
1716:
1706:Wayback Machine
1698:Ein Heldenleben
1694:
1687:
1682:
1568:Bernard Haitink
1422:Warner Classics
1155:Sir Georg Solti
1054:Bernard Haitink
778:Preiser Records
715:Dutton Vocalion
641:Ein Heldenleben
637:
625:Ein Heldenleben
601:Musical Courier
597:Otto Floersheim
593:
584:piano reduction
566:Theodore Thomas
564:, conducted by
542:
488:
487:
474:
473:
460:
459:
450:
449:
422:
421:
392:
390:Instrumentation
387:
291:James Hepokoski
271:Pauline de Ahna
260:Michael Kennedy
249:
248:
247:
246:
245:
243:
212:
211:
210:
209:
208:
206:
173:Ein Heldenleben
143:
116:Ein Heldenleben
98:
60:Richard Strauss
41:Ein Heldenleben
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3131:
3129:
3121:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3100:
3099:
3095:
3094:
3071:
3070:
3068:
3067:
3057:
3046:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3017:
3011:
3009:
3005:
3004:
3002:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2979:Hans von BĂĽlow
2976:
2970:
2963:
2961:
2957:
2956:
2954:
2953:
2944:
2942:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2934:
2926:
2918:
2910:
2901:
2899:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2891:
2878:
2868:
2858:
2853:FrĂĽhlingsfeier
2847:
2836:
2825:
2818:
2807:
2796:
2785:
2774:
2763:
2752:
2741:
2730:
2719:
2708:
2697:
2686:
2674:
2672:
2666:
2665:
2663:
2662:
2654:
2648:
2642:
2636:
2629:
2627:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2619:
2611:
2603:
2593:
2585:
2575:
2567:
2559:
2551:
2543:
2534:
2532:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2522:
2516:
2510:
2502:
2496:
2490:
2482:
2472:
2466:
2460:
2450:
2440:
2437:Symphony No. 2
2434:
2428:
2422:
2419:Symphony No. 1
2415:
2413:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2405:
2397:
2387:
2382:Josephslegende
2376:
2374:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2366:
2353:
2343:
2335:
2325:
2315:
2302:
2292:
2284:
2269:
2254:
2239:
2224:
2211:
2201:
2190:
2188:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2180:
2175:
2173:List of operas
2169:
2166:
2165:
2160:
2158:
2157:
2150:
2143:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2118:
2094:
2079:
2078:External links
2076:
2075:
2074:
2069:978-0521899307
2068:
2051:
2035:Wood, Henry J.
2031:
2025:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2003:
1992:
1973:
1971:, p. 163.
1961:
1945:
1934:
1920:
1911:
1892:
1865:program notes"
1851:
1839:
1824:GĂĽnter Brosche
1816:
1795:
1780:
1768:Freed, Richard
1753:
1726:
1714:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1666:Valery Gergiev
1663:
1657:
1656:
1651:
1648:
1643:
1637:
1636:
1631:
1628:
1626:Mariss Jansons
1623:
1617:
1616:
1611:
1608:
1603:
1597:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1585:
1579:
1578:
1573:
1570:
1565:
1559:
1558:
1556:Signum Records
1553:
1550:
1545:
1539:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1530:Manfred Honeck
1527:
1521:
1520:
1515:
1512:
1507:
1501:
1500:
1495:
1492:
1487:
1481:
1480:
1475:
1472:
1467:
1461:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1452:Mariss Jansons
1449:
1443:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1431:
1425:
1424:
1415:
1412:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1392:Semyon Bychkov
1389:
1383:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1359:
1356:
1351:
1345:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1333:
1327:
1326:
1321:
1318:
1313:
1307:
1306:
1300:
1297:
1295:Carlos Kleiber
1292:
1286:
1285:
1280:
1277:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1260:
1257:
1252:
1246:
1245:
1240:
1237:
1232:
1226:
1225:
1220:
1217:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1200:
1197:
1192:
1186:
1185:
1180:
1177:
1175:Eugene Ormandy
1172:
1166:
1165:
1160:
1157:
1152:
1146:
1145:
1140:
1137:
1132:
1126:
1125:
1120:
1117:
1112:
1106:
1105:
1100:
1097:
1092:
1086:
1085:
1079:
1076:
1071:
1065:
1064:
1059:
1056:
1051:
1045:
1044:
1039:
1036:
1031:
1025:
1024:
1019:
1016:
1011:
1005:
1004:
999:
996:
994:Pierre Monteux
991:
985:
984:
982:Sony Classical
979:
976:
974:Eugene Ormandy
971:
965:
964:
958:
955:
950:
944:
943:
938:
935:
933:Eugene Ormandy
930:
924:
923:
918:
915:
910:
904:
903:
898:
895:
890:
884:
883:
878:
875:
870:
864:
863:
857:
854:
849:
843:
842:
837:
834:
832:Clemens Krauss
829:
823:
822:
819:
816:
811:
805:
804:
795:
792:
787:
781:
780:
775:
772:
769:
763:
762:
756:
753:
748:
742:
741:
732:
729:
724:
718:
717:
708:
705:
702:
696:
695:
694:Pearl Records
692:
689:
684:
678:
677:
672:
669:
666:
660:
659:
656:
653:
650:
636:
633:
592:
589:
541:
538:
464:(briefly used
391:
388:
386:
385:
366:
327:(five times),
309:
302:
263:
237:
234:
232:
231:
230:
229:
227:
200:
197:
195:
194:
193:
192:
189:
181:Richard Wagner
170:
169:
166:
163:
160:
157:
154:
142:
139:
134:Romain Rolland
97:
94:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3130:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3105:
3103:
3093:
3083:
3079:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3056:
3048:
3047:
3044:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3032:Neoclassicism
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3022:
3018:
3016:
3015:Elektra chord
3013:
3012:
3010:
3006:
3000:
2999:Joseph Gregor
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2989:Max Reinhardt
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2974:
2971:
2968:
2967:Franz Strauss
2965:
2964:
2962:
2958:
2952:
2950:
2946:
2945:
2943:
2939:
2932:
2931:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2911:
2908:
2907:
2903:
2902:
2900:
2896:
2889:
2884:
2883:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2865:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2848:
2843:
2837:
2832:
2826:
2823:
2819:
2814:
2808:
2803:
2797:
2792:
2786:
2781:
2775:
2770:
2764:
2759:
2753:
2748:
2742:
2737:
2731:
2726:
2720:
2715:
2709:
2704:
2698:
2693:
2687:
2682:
2676:
2675:
2673:
2671:
2667:
2660:
2659:
2655:
2652:
2651:Violin Sonata
2649:
2646:
2645:Piano Quartet
2643:
2640:
2637:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2626:Chamber music
2624:
2617:
2616:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2599:
2594:
2591:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2581:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2560:
2557:
2556:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2544:
2541:
2540:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2531:
2527:
2520:
2517:
2514:
2513:Oboe Concerto
2511:
2508:
2507:
2506:Metamorphosen
2503:
2500:
2497:
2494:
2491:
2488:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2478:
2473:
2470:
2467:
2464:
2461:
2457:
2456:
2451:
2447:
2446:
2441:
2438:
2435:
2432:
2429:
2426:
2423:
2420:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2410:
2403:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2393:
2388:
2384:
2383:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2371:
2364:
2359:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2349:
2344:
2341:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2331:
2326:
2322:
2321:
2316:
2313:
2308:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2298:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2285:
2282:
2276:
2275:
2270:
2267:
2261:
2260:
2255:
2252:
2246:
2245:
2240:
2237:
2231:
2230:
2225:
2222:
2217:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2207:
2202:
2198:
2197:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2185:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2170:
2167:
2163:
2156:
2151:
2149:
2144:
2142:
2137:
2136:
2133:
2126:
2124:
2119:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2095:
2092:
2088:
2087:
2082:
2081:
2077:
2071:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2022:
2018:
2013:
2012:
2008:
2001:
1996:
1993:
1986:
1980:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1965:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1938:
1935:
1930:
1924:
1921:
1915:
1912:
1908:
1907:
1902:
1896:
1893:
1877:
1873:
1866:
1864:
1855:
1852:
1848:
1843:
1840:
1837:, p. 223
1836:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1791:Ferguson 1968
1787:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1775:
1769:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1727:
1724:, p. 81.
1723:
1718:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1692:
1690:
1686:
1679:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1618:
1615:
1614:OehmsClassics
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1426:
1423:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1305:(unreleased)
1304:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
986:
983:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
966:
962:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
945:
942:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
925:
922:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
905:
902:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
885:
882:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
865:
861:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
844:
841:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
824:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
806:
803:
799:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
782:
779:
776:
773:
770:
768:
765:
764:
760:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
743:
740:
736:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
719:
716:
712:
709:
706:
703:
701:
698:
697:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
679:
676:
673:
670:
667:
665:
662:
661:
647:
644:
642:
634:
632:
628:
626:
620:
618:
617:
611:
608:
607:
602:
598:
590:
588:
585:
581:
577:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
539:
537:
533:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
485:
481:
471:
467:
457:
448:in F, E and E
447:
443:
442:contrabassoon
439:
435:
434:bass clarinet
431:
427:
417:
413:
409:
405:
396:
389:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
364:
360:
357:(once). The
356:
355:
350:
349:
344:
343:
338:
337:
332:
331:
326:
325:
320:
319:
314:
310:
307:
303:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
261:
257:
253:
241:
228:
225:
220:
216:
204:
191:
190:
188:
186:
182:
178:
174:
167:
164:
161:
158:
155:
152:
151:
150:
148:
140:
137:
135:
129:
127:
126:Richard Freed
123:
122:
117:
112:
109:
108:
103:
95:
93:
91:
90:
85:
84:
79:
78:
73:
72:
67:
66:
61:
57:
53:
49:
48:
47:A Hero's Life
43:
42:
35:
30:
26:
22:
3019:
2994:Stefan Zweig
2948:
2928:
2920:
2912:
2904:
2880:
2657:
2633:Piano Sonata
2613:
2605:
2597:
2587:
2569:
2561:
2553:
2545:
2537:
2504:
2484:
2400:
2355:
2337:
2304:
2286:
2213:
2122:
2085:
2055:
2038:
2016:
1995:
1964:
1956:
1948:
1937:
1923:
1914:
1904:
1900:
1895:
1883:. Retrieved
1876:the original
1862:
1854:
1842:
1835:Youmans 2010
1819:
1812:Youmans 2010
1773:
1748:
1722:Youmans 2010
1717:
1697:
1654:ABC Classics
1646:Andrew Davis
1434:David Zinman
1362:RCA Red Seal
1354:Lorin Maazel
1235:André Previn
1095:Rudolf Kempe
873:Fritz Reiner
852:Antal Doráti
814:Fritz Reiner
640:
638:
630:
624:
622:
614:
612:
604:
600:
594:
578:
574:Queen's Hall
543:
534:
401:
381:
373:
369:
352:
351:(three) and
346:
340:
334:
328:
322:
316:
312:
305:
282:
266:
251:
219:E-flat major
214:
185:sonata-rondo
172:
171:
144:
131:
119:
115:
113:
106:
99:
87:
82:
76:
70:
63:
46:
45:
40:
39:
38:
25:
2951:(1926 film)
2714:Winternacht
2703:Allerseelen
2658:Enoch Arden
2647:(1884–1885)
2589:Don Quixote
2539:Aus Italien
2392:Schlagobers
2330:Friedenstag
1901:Heldenleben
1827: [
1576:CSO Resound
1510:Fabio Luisi
1034:Zubin Mehta
580:BĂ©la BartĂłk
576:Orchestra.
506:snare drums
416:cor anglais
378:cor anglais
324:Don Quixote
295:sonata form
121:Don Quixote
77:Don Quixote
34:Fritz Erler
3102:Categories
2530:Tone poems
2412:Orchestral
2288:Intermezzo
2263:(1912/16)
2009:References
1634:BR Klassik
652:Conductor
649:Orchestra
635:Recordings
570:Henry Wood
514:tenor drum
484:tenor tuba
468:) and two
279:recitative
96:Background
3027:Modernism
2922:Taillefer
2791:Sehnsucht
2725:Ständchen
2692:Die Nacht
2681:Zueignung
2618:(1911–15)
2459:(1911–17)
2449:(1885–86)
2439:(1883–84)
2433:(1882–83)
2427:(1881–82)
2357:Capriccio
2206:Feuersnot
2121:Strauss'
2115:Alte Oper
1969:Wood 1938
1885:August 5,
1808:Hepokoski
1459:RCO Live
1135:Karl Böhm
963:(stereo)
893:Karl Böhm
798:Testament
591:Reception
558:Frankfurt
502:bass drum
480:trombones
382:cantabile
345:(three),
283:cantabile
256:leitmotif
177:leitmotif
102:Beethoven
56:tone poem
54:40, is a
3055:Category
2969:(father)
2857:" (1906)
2846:" (1900)
2835:" (1900)
2824:" (1899)
2822:Notturno
2817:" (1898)
2806:" (1898)
2795:" (1896)
2784:" (1895)
2773:" (1894)
2762:" (1894)
2751:" (1894)
2740:" (1894)
2729:" (1886)
2718:" (1886)
2707:" (1885)
2696:" (1885)
2685:" (1885)
2555:Don Juan
2445:Burleske
2309:(1933)
2306:Arabella
2278:(1919)
2248:(1911)
2233:(1909)
2218:(1905)
2047:30533927
2037:(1938).
1776:, Op 40"
1702:Archived
1336:Eiji Oue
802:Biddulph
582:wrote a
548:and the
522:triangle
489:♭
478:, three
475:♭
470:trumpets
466:offstage
461:♭
456:trumpets
454:, three
451:♭
444:, eight
438:bassoons
436:, three
426:clarinet
423:♭
410:, three
406:, three
339:(four),
333:(four),
330:Don Juan
287:offstage
215:The Hero
83:Don Juan
2885:(1948)
2813:Befreit
2769:Morgen!
2747:Cäcilie
2547:Macbeth
2373:Ballets
2360:(1942)
2229:Elektra
2196:Guntram
2103:YouTube
1062:Philips
860:Mercury
530:strings
518:tam-tam
510:cymbals
498:timpani
404:piccolo
374:agitato
342:Macbeth
318:Guntram
275:cadenza
3078:Portal
2975:(wife)
2933:(1928)
2925:(1903)
2917:(1889)
2909:(1884)
2898:Choral
2877:(1918)
2867:(1918)
2670:Lieder
2661:(1897)
2653:(1888)
2641:(1883)
2635:(1881)
2610:(1903)
2602:(1898)
2592:(1897)
2584:(1896)
2574:(1895)
2566:(1889)
2558:(1888)
2550:(1888)
2542:(1886)
2521:(1947)
2515:(1945)
2509:(1945)
2501:(1942)
2495:(1941)
2489:(1940)
2481:(1936)
2471:(1924)
2465:(1923)
2421:(1880)
2404:(1940)
2396:(1924)
2386:(1914)
2352:(1940)
2342:(1938)
2339:Daphne
2334:(1938)
2324:(1935)
2301:(1928)
2291:(1924)
2215:Salome
2210:(1901)
2200:(1894)
2187:Operas
2066:
2045:
2023:
1673:MPHIL
1537:Exton
1381:Exton
1243:Telarc
759:Teldec
658:Label
528:, and
524:, two
504:, two
428:, two
408:flutes
359:lieder
107:Eroica
86:, and
3065:Audio
1879:(PDF)
1868:(PDF)
1847:IMSLP
1831:]
1680:Notes
1670:2017
1650:2016
1630:2015
1610:2013
1592:2011
1572:2010
1552:2009
1534:2008
1514:2007
1494:2006
1474:2005
1456:2004
1438:2003
1418:Erato
1414:2003
1399:Avie
1396:2001
1378:2000
1358:1999
1340:1998
1324:Decca
1320:1994
1299:1993
1283:Decca
1279:1992
1259:1992
1239:1988
1219:1985
1203:Decca
1199:1984
1179:1980
1163:Decca
1159:1978
1139:1975
1119:1974
1099:1972
1078:1970
1058:1970
1042:Decca
1038:1969
1018:1969
998:1960
978:1960
957:1959
937:1959
917:1959
897:1957
877:1954
856:1953
840:Decca
836:1952
818:1947
794:1947
774:1944
755:1942
731:1941
707:1941
691:1928
671:1926
655:Date
526:harps
446:horns
412:oboes
179:that
2064:ISBN
2043:OCLC
2021:ISBN
1887:2012
1595:BIS
1518:Sony
1303:Sony
821:RCA
494:tuba
486:in B
472:in E
458:in B
299:coda
2101:on
1833:in
1810:in
1478:EMI
1183:RCA
1123:EMI
1103:EMI
1082:BBC
1022:EMI
1002:RCA
961:EMI
941:CBS
881:RCA
735:RCA
572:'s
104:'s
58:by
52:Op.
50:),
3104::
2105:,
2058:.
1976:^
1955:,
1870:.
1829:de
1798:^
1783:^
1770:.
1756:^
1747:,
1729:^
1708:,
1688:^
800:;
737:;
713:;
520:,
516:,
512:,
508:,
500:,
496:,
492:,
482:,
440:,
432:,
414:,
128::
92:.
80:,
74:,
68:,
3080::
2849:"
2838:"
2827:"
2820:"
2809:"
2798:"
2787:"
2776:"
2765:"
2754:"
2743:"
2732:"
2721:"
2710:"
2699:"
2688:"
2677:"
2154:e
2147:t
2140:v
2072:.
2049:.
2029:.
1931:.
1889:.
1861:"
1849:.
1772:"
1420:/
420:E
368:"
361:"
311:"
304:"
265:"
250:"
242:.
213:"
205:.
44:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
