675:
291:
31:
711:
493:
687:
699:
396:
377:
There are various traditions behind the Books of
Numbers, Deuteronomy, Joshua, Judges, and 1 Chronicles’ assignment of tribal territories and towns to Reuben, Gad, and the half-tribe of Manasseh. Some of these traditions provide only an idealized picture of Israelite possessions east of the Jordan;
370:
is not for offerings, but is only a "witness". The western tribes are satisfied, and return home. Assis argues that the unusual dimensions of the altar suggest that it "was not meant for sacrificial use," but was, in fact, "meant to attract the attention of the other tribes" and provoke a reaction.
369:
by the Jordan. This causes the "whole congregation of the
Israelites" to prepare for war, but they first send a delegation to the Transjordanian tribes, accusing them of making God angry and suggesting that their land may be unclean. In response to this, the Transjordanian tribes say that the altar
350:'s land, which lay south of the Jabbok. Since Og's territory was not on the route to Canaan, it was "more naturally part of the Promised Land", and so the Manassites' status is less problematic than that of the Reubenites or Gadites.
539:. The Bible refers to both the Ammonites and Moabites as the "children of Lot", which may also translate as “descendants of Lot”. Throughout the Bible, the Ammonites and Israelites are portrayed as mutual antagonists. During the
1093:
was the source of this dispute. He claimed that since David was descended from someone who was not allowed to marry into the community, his male ancestors were no longer part of the tribe of
423:
There is some ambiguity about the status of the
Transjordan in the mind of the biblical writers. Horst Seebass argues that in Numbers "one finds awareness of Transjordan as being holy to
365:
affirms Moses' decision, and urges the men of the two and a half tribes to help in the conquest, which they are willing to do. In Joshua 22, the
Transjordanian tribes return, and build a
484:). Whereas the former have the right ethnicity, but wrong geographical location, the latter have the wrong ethnicity, but are "within the boundary of the 'pure' geographical location."
555:, king of the Moabites against Israel. Attacks by the Ammonites on Israelite communities east of the Jordan were the impetus behind the unification of the tribes under
1097:(which was the tribe the King had to belong to). As a result, he could neither be the king, nor could he marry any Jewish woman (since he descended from a
1028:
903:
1153:
927:
115:). It was used by people on the west side of the Jordan, including the biblical writers, to refer to the other side of the Jordan River.
1192:
789:
The
Septuagint Version of the Old Testament, with an English translation; and with various readings and critical notes. Gr. & Eng
378:
others are no more than vague generalizations. Num 21.21–35, for example, says only that the land the people occupied extended from
613:). The men had married women of the various nations without conversion, which made the children not Jewish. The legitimacy of
1202:
1187:
648:
159:
890:
462:
1182:
1014:
665:
1076:. As a result, people from those nations were treated as complete gentiles and could convert without restriction.
1172:
583:
917:
MacDonald, Burton (2000). "Settlement of the
Israelite Tribes East of the Jordan". In Matthews, Victor (ed.).
326:
to ask if they could settle “beyond the Jordan”. Moses was dubious, but the two tribes promise to join in the
228:'beyond the Jordan', as the basis for Transjordan, which is also the modern Hebrew usage. The prefix
1197:
1177:
579:
432:
366:
618:
571:
560:
290:
265:
211:
150:
132:
476:
Lori
Rowlett argues that in the Book of Joshua, the Transjordanian tribes function as the inverse of the
455:
1126:
626:
621:, the Moabite. King David spent time in the Transjordan after he had fled from the rebellion of his son
544:
528:
477:
451:
327:
610:
658:
295:
90:
977:, "Tribes of Israel and Land Allotments/Borders," in Bill T. Arnold and H. G. M. Williamson (eds.),
1047:
575:
448:
277:
223:
192:
174:
144:
27:
Biblical discussion of an area of land in the
Southern Levant lying east of the Jordan River valley
1042:
845:
835:
East of the Jordan: A Record of Travel and
Observation in the Countries of Moab, Gilead and Bashan
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854:
803:
755:
536:
481:
439:, on the other hand, asserts that "the Transjordanian tribes were not in the land of promise."
1149:
961:
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428:
974:
918:
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839:
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256:
202:
123:
94:
66:
52:
1105:
wrote the Book of Ruth in order to remind the people of the original law that women from
400:
605:
because many marriages with
Ammonite (and Moabite) wives had taken place in the days of
30:
1094:
990:
943:
703:
567:
548:
532:
440:
408:
404:
373:
Per the settlement of the Israelite tribes east of the Jordan, Burton MacDonald notes;
354:
183:
108:
35:
34:
Map of the twelve tribes of Israel (before the move of Dan to the north), based on the
1166:
1006:
882:
691:
466:
444:
416:
335:
198:
543:, the Israelites were prohibited by the Ammonites from passing through their lands (
492:
395:
338:
suggests that this is because Manasseh settled in land which previously belonged to
1122:
901:
Elie Assis, "For it shall be a witness between us: a literary reading of Josh 22,"
715:
552:
436:
412:
319:
243:
86:
70:
833:
1129:, (c) 2008 The Gale Group, via Jewish Virtual Library, accessed 16 December 2019
948:
The Promise of the Land: The Inheritance of the Land of Canaan by the Israelites
679:
443:
argues that in the Book of Joshua, the Jordan is portrayed as "a barrier to the
383:
343:
1109:
and Ammon were allowed to convert and marry into the Jewish people immediately.
540:
379:
119:
112:
17:
358:
311:
1026:
Lori Rowlett, "Inclusion, Exclusion and Marginality in the Book of Joshua,"
602:
248:
887:
The Sense of Biblical Narrative II: Structural Analyses in the Hebrew Bible
606:
595:
230:
1073:
622:
587:
1102:
1086:
997:(ed. G. Strecker; Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1983) 66-68.
959:
Horst Seebass, "Holy Land in the Old Testament: Numbers and Joshua,"
643:
638:
591:
362:
330:, and so Moses grants them this region to live in. The half tribe of
74:
993:, "The Extent of the Promised Land – the Status of Transjordan," in
594:
as having borne a child. She was the mother of Solomon's successor,
920:
EAST OF THE JORDAN: Territories and Sites of the Hebrew Scriptures
653:
614:
520:
were nations that occupied parts of Transjordan in ancient times.
513:
497:
394:
347:
323:
289:
238:
and means "across" or beyond, so "Transjordan" refers to the land
235:
1068:
The identity of those particular tribes had been lost during the
149:'beyond the Jordan towards the sunrise' is translated to
1106:
1098:
617:'s claim to royalty was disputed on account of his descent from
556:
517:
505:
501:
424:
535:
by Lot's two daughters, in the aftermath of the destruction of
458:, the Transjordan is an "integral part of the promised land."
255:
The term "East", as in "towards the sunrise", is also used in
107:), "beyond the Jordan". This term occurs, for example, in the
399:"The Children of Israel Crossing the Jordan", engraving by
339:
164:
427:." He argues for this on the basis of the presence of the
889:(JSOTSup. 39; Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1986)
465:, the Transjordanian territory was not divided by lot.
950:(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993), 54.
663:
246:. The equivalent Latin term for the west side is the
270:
216:
137:
102:
60:
939:
937:
601:The Ammonites presented a serious problem to the
979:Dictionary of the Old Testament Historical Books
1148:. Westminster John Knox Press. pp. 36–42.
586:was an Ammonite. She was the only wife of King
1146:The Land of the Bible: A Historical Geography
8:
791:. S. Bagster & Sons. 1870. p. 281.
294:"Reuben and Gad Ask for Land", engraving by
252:- literally, "on this side of the Jordan".
904:Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament
491:
128:בעבר הירדן מזרח השמש (מזרחית לנהר הירדן)
73:valley. It is also alternatively called
29:
728:
670:
89:, the term used to refer to the future
864:
863:
852:
813:
812:
801:
765:
764:
753:
531:), Ammon and Moab were descendants of
469:suggests that it is assigned by Moses
1013:(JPS Torah Commentary; Philadelphia:
928:American Schools of Oriental Research
7:
1140:Aharoni, Yohanan (1 January 1979).
431:there, and because land taken in a
260:
206:
197:'beyond the Jordan' in the
127:
98:
56:
995:Das Land Israel in biblischer Zeit
415:is portrayed as "a barrier to the
334:are not mentioned until verse 33.
25:
743:. Trowitzsch. 1892. p. 155.
981:(Downers Grove: IVP, 2005), 970.
709:
697:
685:
673:
386:, the boundary of the Amorites.
201:. However some authors give the
745:בעבר הירדן מזרח השמש (Image of
590:to be mentioned by name in the
512:According to the Hebrew Bible,
346:, while Reuben and Gad settled
1142:"The Transjordanian Highlands"
838:. C. Scribner's sons. p.
282:'East of the Jordan'.
1:
649:History of the Jews in Jordan
179:'beyond the Jordan'.
39:
488:Other Transjordanian nations
165:
65:) is an area of land in the
1072:caused by the conquests of
271:
217:
182:The term was translated to
138:
103:
61:
1219:
551:, the Ammonites work with
314:) tells how the tribes of
154:
1193:Ancient history of Jordan
832:Merrill, Selah (1881).
1101:convert). The Prophet
509:
420:
388:
303:
187:
45:
1127:Encyclopaedia Judaica
1070:mixing of the nations
496:Biblical kingdoms of
495:
398:
375:
293:
286:Transjordanian tribes
33:
1203:Transjordan (region)
1188:Hebrew Bible regions
659:Transjordan (region)
328:conquest of the land
296:Arthur Boyd Houghton
240:on the other side of
43: 1200–1050 BCE
1048:Jewish Encyclopedia
576:Books of Chronicles
407:argues that in the
169:péran toú Jordánou,
155:πέραν τοῦ Ιορδάνου,
139:hay·yar·dên miz·raḥ
566:According to both
537:Sodom and Gomorrah
510:
421:
304:
69:lying east of the
46:
1183:Ancient Near East
1155:978-0-664-24266-4
962:Vetus Testamentum
862:External link in
811:External link in
763:External link in
463:tribal allotments
461:Unlike the other
281:
269:
227:
215:
196:
178:
168:
163:
148:
136:
16:(Redirected from
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1159:
1110:
1091:Doeg the Edomite
1089:points out that
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1039:
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749:at Google Books)
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690:
689:
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561:1 Samuel 11:1–15
545:Deuteronomy 23:4
435:is always holy.
429:cities of refuge
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1173:Book of Numbers
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1134:Further reading
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1114:
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1085:The Babylonian
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975:Richard S. Hess
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490:
480:(mentioned in
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342:, north of the
308:Book of Numbers
288:
272:Sharq al ʾUrdun
83:
67:Southern Levant
42:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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1214:
1206:
1205:
1200:
1198:Land of Israel
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1178:Book of Joshua
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1117:External links
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1112:
1111:
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1019:
999:
991:Moshe Weinfeld
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967:
965:56 (2006) 104.
952:
944:Moshe Weinfeld
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930:. p. 149.
909:
907:18 (2004) 216.
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631:
627:2 Samuel 17–19
611:Nehemiah 13:23
568:Books of Kings
549:Book of Judges
508:around 830 BCE
489:
486:
441:Moshe Weinfeld
409:Book of Joshua
405:Moshe Weinfeld
392:
389:
355:Book of Joshua
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188:trans Iordanen
109:Book of Joshua
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36:Book of Joshua
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18:Eiver HaYarden
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785:"Joshua 1:15"
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737:"Joshua 1:16"
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523:According to
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467:Jacob Milgrom
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445:promised land
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418:
417:promised land
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371:
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367:massive altar
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336:David Jobling
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218:Ever HaYarden
213:
204:
200:
199:Vulgate Bible
194:
189:
185:
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176:
170:
161:
152:
151:Ancient Greek
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140:
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125:
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116:
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105:
104:Ever HaYarden
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68:
63:
62:Ever HaYarden
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50:
37:
32:
19:
1145:
1081:
1069:
1064:
1053:. Retrieved
1046:
1037:
1027:
1022:
1017:, 1990), 74.
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1002:
994:
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978:
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960:
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878:
865:|quote=
843:
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814:|quote=
792:
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766:|quote=
744:
741:Hebrew Bible
740:
731:
600:
565:
522:
511:
475:
470:
460:
437:Richard Hess
422:
401:Gustave Doré
376:
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247:
244:Jordan River
239:
229:
181:
117:
87:Hebrew Bible
84:
71:Jordan River
48:
47:
1123:Transjordan
846:p. 444
795:p. 281
747:p. 155
471:rather than
449:Deuteronomy
384:Wadi Jabbok
91:Transjordan
49:Transjordan
1167:Categories
1055:2014-08-10
723:References
547:). In the
478:Gibeonites
447:," but in
380:Wadi Arnon
261:شرق الأردن
120:Septuagint
855:cite book
844:Image of
804:cite book
793:Image of
756:cite book
603:Pharisees
310:(chapter
298:based on
266:romanized
249:Cisjordan
212:romanized
207:עבר הירדן
167:translit.
160:romanized
133:romanized
99:עבר הירדן
81:Etymology
57:עבר הירדן
1043:"Naamah"
633:See also
607:Nehemiah
596:Rehoboam
572:14:21–31
529:19:37–38
482:Joshua 9
473:by God.
433:holy war
332:Manasseh
322:came to
1099:Moabite
1074:Assyria
1011:Numbers
704:Judaism
666:Portals
623:Absalom
588:Solomon
525:Genesis
353:In the
300:Numbers
280:
268::
226:
214::
195:
177:
162::
147:
135::
118:In the
85:In the
1152:
1103:Samuel
1087:Talmud
1051:. 1906
692:Jordan
644:Gilead
639:Bashan
592:Tanakh
584:Naamah
574:) and
541:Exodus
413:Jordan
411:, the
391:Status
363:Joshua
344:Jabbok
316:Reuben
257:Arabic
231:trans-
203:Hebrew
124:Hebrew
122:, the
95:Hebrew
75:Gilead
53:Hebrew
1095:Judah
924:(PDF)
716:Bible
654:Perea
615:David
580:12:13
553:Eglon
514:Ammon
498:Ammon
456:11:24
348:Sihon
324:Moses
236:Latin
184:Latin
1150:ISBN
1107:Moab
1029:JSOT
870:help
819:help
771:help
680:Asia
619:Ruth
557:Saul
518:Moab
516:and
506:Moab
504:and
502:Edom
454:and
425:YHWH
318:and
306:The
278:lit.
242:the
224:lit.
193:lit.
175:lit.
145:lit.
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1015:JPS
891:116
840:444
629:).
582:),
563:).
533:Lot
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452:1:7
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382:to
361:),
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